Ch 15 Innate Immunity – Study Guide
The Body’s First Line of Defense (pp. 440–444)
1. The Role of Skin in Innate Immunity
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Epidermis: i) multiple layers protect against pathogen penetration ii) dead skin shedding
removes pathogens
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Dermis : collagen fiber resist abrasions
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Chemicals: skin produces inhibitory chemicals; i) NaCl (salt) ii) antimicrobial peptides
iii) lysozymes iv) sebaceous oils (lower pH)
2. The Role of Mucous Membranes in Innate Immunity
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Epithelial layer: i) continuous shedding cells removes pathogens ii) dentric cells
phagocytize pathogens iii) tightly packed to prevent entry
3. The Role of the Lacrimal Apparatus in Innate Immunity
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Produces & drains tears i) lysozyme in tears destroys bacteria ii) blinking spreads tears
and washes eyes
4. The Role of Normal Microbiota in Innate Immunity
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Compete against pathogens in host; create unfavorable environment to other
microorganisms
5. Other First-Line Defenses – antimicrobial peptides secreted by glands & organs
The Body’s Second Line of Defense (pp. 444–458)
1. Defense Components of Blood
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Platelets – clotting, Basophils - inflammation
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Leukocytes – defensive cells against pathogens
i) Basophils - inflammation
ii) neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes – phagocytosis
iii) Lymphocytes – adaptive immunity
2. Phagocytosis – mechanism of phagocytosis
3. Nonphagocytic Killing – complement proteins/system
4. Inflammation – mechanism, roles of histamines, prostglandins, leukotrienes, vasodilation
5. Fever