QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Introduction
Plant-derived substances have recently become of great interest owing to their versatile applications.
Medicinal plants are the richest bio-resource of drugs of traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines,
nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for
synthetic drugs (Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 2011).
General Objectives
To be able to determine the phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of selected plant extracts.
Materials
Personal Protective
Equipment
Laboratory Gown
Face Mask
Hairnet (girls)
Surgical Gloves
Samples
Guava Leaves Extract
Tobacco Leaves Extract
Malunggay Leaves Extract
Apparatus
8 pcs. Test tube
8 pcs. Dropper
10 pcs. Vial with labeling tape
Test tube Rack
Test tube holder
Alcohol lamp and Wire gauze
4 Beaker
Tripod and funnel
15 pcs filter paper
10 mL Graduated cylinder
Reagents/chemicals
Iodine Solution
Benedicts Reagent
Ferric Chloride
Distilled water
Chloroform
Conc. Sulfuric Acid
Conc. Nitric Acid
Sodium hydroxide
Methods
A. Test for Alkaloids
1. Filter the plant extract.
2. Treat the filtrate with 5 drops of Iodine Solution
*Formation of a yellow colored precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids.
B. Test for Saponin
1. 5 ml extracts diluted with distilled water to 20ml and shaken in a graduated cylinder for 10-15 minutes.
* Formation of 1 cm layer of foam indicates the presence of saponins.
C. Test for Triterpenes
1. Salkowski’s Test: Extracts were treated with 1 mL chloroform and filtered.
2. The filtrates were treated with few drops of Conc. Sulfuric acid, shaken and allowed to stand.
* Appearance of golden yellow color indicates the presence of triterpenes
D. Test for Phenol
1. Extracts were treated with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution.
*Formation of bluish black color indicates the presence of phenols.
E. Test for Flavonoids
1. Extracts were treated with 5 drops of sodium hydroxide solution.
*Formation of intense yellow color, which becomes colorless on the addition of dilute
Hydrochloric acid, indicates the presence of Flavonoids
F. Test for Tannins
1. 2 ml of extract mix with 2 ml of water and heated on a water bath.
2. Filter the mixture and 5 drops of ferric chloride to the filtrate.
pg. 1 Experiment / Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis/ #nukleyo
*A dark green color was formed. It indicates that the presence of Tannin.
G. Test for Proteins
1. Filter the extract and the filtrate treat with 3 drops of conc. Nitric acid.
* Formation of yellow color indicates the presence of proteins.
Phytochemical
Activities
Alkaloids
Saponin
Inhibits the release of prostaglandins, Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic
Laxative antihistamine
Triterpenes
Antimicrobial and Antidiarrheal
Phenol
Flavonoids
Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic
Antimicrobial and Antidiarrheal
Tannins
Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic and Antidiarrheal
Protein
Amino acids for cell repair.
Results
Phytochemical
Alkaloids
Saponin
Triterpenes
Phenol
Flavonoids
Carbohydrates
Protein
Legend
Not Present
Present
Moderately Present
Strongly Present
(-)
(+)
(+) (+)
(+) (+) (+)
Conclusion
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Necessity is the Mother of Invention
pg. 2 Experiment / Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis/ #nukleyo
pg. 3 Experiment / Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis/ #nukleyo