muscle. If your specimen is a male, make an incision
around the genitalia, leaving the skin intact. If your
specimen is a Gmale, the mammary glands will appear as
longitudinal, glandular miisses along the ventral side of the
abdomen and thor-ax. They shouicl be removed with the
Embalmed cats purchased from biological supply houses are
excellent specimens for dissecting and leatning basic mammalian
anatomy. Before the muscles and viscera of a cat can be studied,
the specimen\ skin has to be rernoved according to the following
suggested guidelines.
skirr.
1.
2.
.
3.
Place the cat on a dissecting tray dorsal side up. Using a
sharp scalpel, make a short, shallow incision through the
skin across the nape of the neck.With your scissors,
conrinue a dorsal midline incision forward over the skull
and down the back to about two inches onto the tail. Sever
the tail rvith bone shears or a saw and discard.
Make a shallow incision around the neck and down each
4.
foreleg to the paws. Continue a circular incision aroi-rncl
each wrist. Beginning at the base of the tail, make incisions
down each of the hind legs to the ankles. Make a circular
cut around each ankle.
Carefully remove the skin, using your fingers or a blrrnt
probe to separate the skin from underlying connective
5
10
11.
13
12
\
14
lcaving rhe origin and iuscrrion intacr.
At the end of the laboratory period, wrap your specimen
in nruslin cloth and store it in a tight, heavy-duty plastic
your specimen flom tinle to time with a
preservative solution (usually 2%-3% phen<ll). Caution
needs to be taken rvhen usirrg a phenol wetting solution
as it is caustic and poisonous if misused or used in a
concentrated form.
bag. W'et
tissue.'\X/here it is necessary to use a scalpel, keep the
cutting edge directed toward the skin away from the
9
After the specirnen is skinned, remove the excess iat and
connective tissue to expose the underlying muscles. Make
certain that the rnuscies are separated along their natural
boundaries. If a transection of a muscle is
necessary isolate the muscle from its attached connective
tissue and make a clean crrt across the belly of the muscle,
15
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6. Carpal bones
2. I-Iyoid bone
7. Meracarpal bones
3. Humerus
8. Phalanges
4. Ulna
9. Skull
5. Radius
10. Atlas
23
24
25
d
26
27
L;
28
Figure
1.
11. Axis
72. CewicaL vertebra
13. Scapula
14. Sternum
15. Rib
16.
17.
18.
19.
Thoracic vertebra
Lumbar r.,ertebra
Patella
Iliurn
20. Ischium
21. Pubis
22. Catdal vertebra
23. Femur
24. Tibra,
25. Fibula
26. Tarsal bones
27. Metatarsal
bones
28. Phalanges
A Photographic Atlas for the Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory
170
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Figure 19.3 A lateral view of a cat skull.
bone
bone
3. Squarnosal suturc
4. Temporal bone
5. Nuchal crest
6. External acoustic meatus
7. Mastoid process
8. Tympanic bulla
9. Nasal bone
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
1,2
13
6
Figure 19.2 A dorsal view of a cat skull.
Premaxilla
2. Nasal bone
3. Frontal bone
4. Sagittai sutur-e
5. Coronal suture
6. Nuchal crest
7. Maxilla
10. Prernaxilla bone
11. Maxilla
72. Zygonatic (malaf bone
13. Coronoid process
of mandible
14. Zygomatic arch
15. Mandible
16. Condyiar process
of mandible
8. Zygonratic
1.
(ma.lar) bone
9. Orbit
10.
11.
12.
13.
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Temporal bone
Parietal bone
Interparietai bone
678
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Figure 1 9.4 A laterai view of the superficial muscles of the
1. l,ateral heacl oltriceps
brachii m.
2. Acromiodeltoid m.
m.
(clavodeltiod)
4. Sternornastoid m.
5. Clavotrapezius m.
3. Clavobrachialis
6. Acromiotrapezius m.
7. Spinodeltoid m.
8. Long head of triceps
brachii rn.
9. Pectoralis minor nr10. Xiphihumeralis m.
11. Spinotrapezius
rn.
cat.
12 Latissimus
dorsi rn.
13 External abdominai
oblique m.
14 Lurnbodorsai fascia
15 Sar:torius m.
16 Tensor flsciae latae m.
17
Gluteus medius m.
18. Gluteus maximus lE
19. Caudofemoralis m.
20. Biceps femoris m.
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rn.
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8. Spinodeltoid m.
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4. Car:doGmoralis m.
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oblique m.
8. External abdominal
oblique m.
9. Tensor fascia latae (cut)
10. Vastus lateraiis rn.
11. Biceps femoris m.
Figure 19.15 A medial view of dre thigl-r and
1. Sartorius m. (cut)
2. Vastus la.teralis m.
3. Rectus femoris rrr.
4. Vastus medialis m.
5. Flexor digitorurn
longus m.
6. Tibialis anterior m.
7. Rectus abdonrinus nr.
leg.
8. Adductor longus m.
9. Adductor fbrnoris m.
10. Sernimembranosus m
11. Gracilis m. (cut)
12. Gastrocnemius m.
13. Tendo calcaneus
(Achilles tendon)
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ortery
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Figure 19.36 The abdominal caviry of a
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1. Greaterr orllentulTl
pregnant cat.
1. Uterine wa1l (cut)
2. Amniotic sac enclosing fetus
2. Right horn of uterus
3. Fetus
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