Historical Roots
• Hippocrates – Dualism.
• Aristotle – Monism
• Descartes – Dualism – Cogito ergo sum.
• Locke – Monism – Tabula rasa.
• Nature-Nurture controversy

Structuralism
• When did the scientific study of psychology begin?
• Wilhelm Wundt – Structuralism – Studied sensory experiences through introspection.
• G. Stanley Hall – Laboratory in Hopkins
University – Founded APA.
• Titchener – Cornell University – analyzed consciousness into its basic elements.
• Margaret Floy Washburn – Titchener’s graduate, first woman with PhD in Psychology.

Functionalism
• William James – functions or purpose of behavior.
• James Cattell, John Dewey – mental testing, child development…
• Mary Whiton Calkins – Studied psychology under James at Harvard. First woman president of APA.

Approaches to Psychology
• Behavioral
▫ Important people
▫ Main concepts
• ABC of the behavior – Antecedent – Behavior –
Consequences.

Psychoanalysis
• Important people;
▫ Freud
▫ Jung
▫ Horney
• Main concepts;

Humanistic approach
• Important people:
▫ Carl Rogers
▫ Abraham Maslow

Psychological approaches
• Biopsychology
• Evolutionary perspective
• Cognitive perspective
• Social-Cultural perspective
• Biopsychosocial perspective – Eclectic model

Domains of Psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Counseling psychology
• Developmental psychology
• Educational psychology
• Engineering psychology
• Forensic psychology
• Geropsychology
• Health psychology

Domain of Psychology
• Industrial/Organizational psychology
• Neuropsychology
• Psychometry
• Rehabilitation psychology
• School Psychology
• Social psychology
• Sport psychology