2OP337 Psychology in Organizations
Kamila Matysová
Psychology and Psychodynamic
Approaches
Psychology ᴪ
Psychology is a social science exploring human
cognition, emotions and behavior.
Practical Fields of Application
Theoretical Fields
Developmental ᴪ
Educational ᴪ
General ᴪ
Abnormal ᴪ
Psychopatology
Social ᴪ
Counselling ᴪ
Managerial ᴪ
Organizational
Clinical ᴪ
Forensic ᴪ
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Who is who?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Psychologist
Clinical psychologist
Psychiatrist
Psychotherapist
Counsellor
Coach
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Psychological Schools
• Psychological Approaches
• All schools have
– Structure of personality
– Concept of development
– Personal typology
– Theory of pathology
– Concept of therapy or counselling
• Do you know any psychological schools?
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Psychological schools
• Psychodynamic approaches (Depth ᴪ)
– S. Freud
– C. G. Jung
– Eric Berne
– S. H. Foulkes
psychoanalysis
analytical psychology
transactional analysis
group analysis
• C. Rogers, A. Maslow
humanistic psychology, PCA
• Thorndike, Skinner, Pavlov, Watson
behaviorism, CBT
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Behaviorism (J. B. Watson)
„Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
and my own specified world to bring them up in
and I'll guarantee to take any one at random
and train him to become any type of specialist I
might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchantchief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief,
regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies,
abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors.“
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ᴪ School
Transactional Analysis
Jungian Analysis
(Analytical ᴪ)
Application
Clinical, organizational,
educational and
counselling
Clinical and Counselling
Structure of
personality
Ego-states
Parental, child, adult
Complexes and archetypes
Parental, Ego Shadow,
Persona, Contra-sexual etc.
Personality Types
(Typology)
Therapeutic or
Counselling
Techniques
Creative Daydreamer
Brilliant Sceptics
MBTI, GPOP
Introverted Intuition type
Extraverted Thinking type
Script interpretation
(favorite story)
Dreams interpretation
Active imagination
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Transactional Analysis
• Eric Berne (1910 – 1970)
• Psychiatrist, psychoanalyst
• Simple language:
– Parent, child, adult etc.
– American slang
• Games people play (bestseller)
• Associations: IATA, EATA, CATA
• Wide range of applications:
– TA-P (psychotherapy), TA-E (education),
– TA-O (Organizations), TA-C (counselling),
– In the future advocates and mediators
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Egostates
Parent (external psyche):
thoughts, feelings and behavior belonging to
external relational figures from the past
(parents, grandparents, teachers, educators,
older siblings etc.)
Adult (new psyche): thoughts, feelings and behavior
related to here and now situation.
Child (archaic psyche): thought, feelings and
behavior related to the past in the early childhood.
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Structural Model (Development)
Mother
Childhood
Father
Adulthood
Magic Parent
Little Professor
Somatic Child
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Functional Model (Communication)
Critical Parent
Nurturing Parent
Adult
Adapted Child (Compliant AC)
Rebellious Child (Negatively AC)
Free Child
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Transactions
The unit of social intercourse is called a
transaction. If two or more people encounter
each other … sooner or later one of them will
speak, or give some indication of acknowledging
the presence of the others. This is called the
transactional stimulus. Another person will then
say or do something which is in some way
related to the stimulus and that is called the
transactional response.
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Transactions
• Parallel (complementary) transactions
• Crossed transactions
• Ulterior (hidden) transactions
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1. CR: Complementary transactions
CP
NP
CP
A
A
AC
NP
FC
AC
FC
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2. CR: Crossed transactions
CP
NP
CP
A
A
AC
NP
FC
AC
FC
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2. CR: Crossed transactions
CP
NP
CP
A
A
AC
NP
FC
AC
FC
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3. CR Hidden Transactions
CP
NP
CP
A
A
AC
NP
FC
AC
FC
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Karpman‘s Drama Tringle
Good Guy
Good Policeman
Good Cop
Bad Guy
Bad Policeman
Bad Cop
?
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Persecutor
Rescuer
NP
CP
RACH
CACH
Victim
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Why don‘t you … – Yes, but …
• How can I get my budget estimates out by this
Thursday?
• Ask young Jones to help.
• Yes, but he doesn‘t really have the experience.
• Ask the boss for more time.
• Yes, but he‘s already said its got to be Thursday.
• Well, do it at home
• Yes, but the children make it impossible to
concentrate.
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Jane is known as a really caring person who
takes on other people‘s hurts. She is
approached by Sally who tells her all about
Alice being nasty to her. Alice is seen as a high
flyer, and has just been appointed as a project
leader. Sally went to the post as well but did
not get it. On hearing Sally‘s story Jane
becomes concerned. She has known her for a
long time. She decides to go to see Alice to see
if she can support Sally. Alice is very annoyed
with Jane, she has no idea what she is talking
about and was not even in the office on the day
in question. It appears to her that Sally is trying
to set people against her.
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Winners‘ triangle (A. Choy)
Proactive (A) replaces
Persecutor (CP)
Structure
Rules
Information
Voicing/Vulnerable (A) replaces
Victim (AC)
Asks for missing information
Expresses emotions and needs
Responsible (A) replaces
Rescuer (NP)
Support (listening)
Agreed help
I am O.K. You are O.K.
Here and now thoughts,
emotions, feelings
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Adult Communication
-CP Dominating
Smothering -NP
NP
CP
+ NP
+ CP
Structuring
Supporting
Reflecting
Cooperative
+ AC
-AC Rebellious
Compliant (over-adapted)
Spontaneous
A
AC
FC
+ FC
Immature -FC
Author: K. Matysová
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Tips and tricks for the test
• In functional model parent ego state is
composed of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Critical parent and Pig parent
Nurturing parent and Little professor
Critical and Nurturing parent
Pig parent and Little professor
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Tips and tricks for the test
• In structural model parent ego state is
composed of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pig parent, Little Professor, Somatic Child
Parental figures
Critical and Nurturing parent
Pig parent and Little professor
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Tips and tricks for the test
• Who developed analytical psychology?
A.
B.
C.
D.
S. Freud
C. G. Jung
E. Berne
A. Maslow
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Thank you for your attention!