lnµp[À½¯nsâ A]\nÀ½nXn
Pn. A¿t\¯v
C´ybpsS sXcphpIfn Aim´n hnXbv¡p¶ ]ipc£m Kp­mkwL§Ä;
tKmamwkw I¿n IcpXnsb¶pw Xns¶¶pw Btcm]n¨v \nc]cm[nIsf XÃns¡mÃp¶
sImehnfn¡q«§Ä;
tamZn
kÀ¡mcns\
hnaÀin¡p¶
am[ya§sfbpw,
kmaqly{]hÀ¯Iscbpw,
Nn´Iscbpw
lnµpcmjv{S
hntcm[nIfmbn
ap{ZbSn¨v
aq¡pIbdnSp¶ cmjv{Sob t\XrXzw; A§s\bpÅhsc ImbnIambn t\cnSp¶ cmjv{Sob
AWnIfpw sXdnb`ntjIwsIm­v t{Smfp¶ ssk_À t]mcmfnIfpsS cmjv{Sob Iqen¸Sbpw.
F³. Un. Snhn t]mepÅ Hcp am[yaØm]\s¯ kn._n.sF. sdbvUpsIm­v
`ojWns¸Sp¯m³ _nsP]n.bpsS shdpsamcp hàmhv kw_nXv ]m{X hnNmcn¨mÂ
aXnsb¶ AhØ! temI{]ikvX [\Xzimkv{XÚ\pw t\m_Â k½m\ tPXmhpamb
AaÀXym sk¶ns\¸än kpa³tLmjv kwhn[m\w sNbvX tUmIypsasâdnbn \n¶v
‘KpPdm¯v’, ‘]ip’, ‘lnµpXz’, ‘lnµp C´y’ F¶o ]Z§Ä \o¡w sNbvX tI{µ ^nenw
sk³kÀ t_mÀUv F¶ cmjv{Sob N«pIw! 2002  KpPdm¯n ]co£n¨v hnPbn¨
cmjv{Sob
X{´w
]Ýna_wKmfnÂ
BhÀ¯n¡m³
Acbpw
Xebpw
apdp¡n
cwK¯nd§nbncn¡p¶ AanXv jmbpw kwLhpw!
C´ybn Ct¸mÄ \ne\n¡p¶ Cu AhØbpsS A´À[mc ‘lnµp’ F¶ Hcp
hm¡pambn sI«p]nWªp InS¡pIbmWv. ‘lnµp’ F¶ ]Zs¯ X§fpsS cmjv{Sob
hnPbam]n\nIfpsS DbÀ¨bv¡pÅ {_m³Uv t]cmbn _nsP]n. amänbncn¡pIbmWv. ‘lnµp’
F¶
]Zs¯]äntbm,
kwkvImcs¯]äntbm,
aXs¯¸äntbm
B[nImcnIambn
]dbWsa¦n AXn\v aämÀ¡pw AhImianà AXv X§fpsS Ip¯IbmWv F¶ a«nemWv
_n.sP.]n. F¶ cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xpw Bib§Ä {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xpw. ‘lnµp’
F¶ ]Z¯n\v Hcp aX¯nsâ ]cnthjw sImSp¯ C´y³ sImtfmWnbÂ
{_n«ojpImÀ¡pthWw _n.sP.]n. AXn\p \µn ]dbm³. {_n«ojpImcmWv apl½Zobcpw,
{InkvXym\nIfpw AÃm¯hscsbÃmw ‘lnµp¡Ä’ F¶ t]cn Hcp aXhn`mK¯nÂ
DÄs¸Sp¯nbXv. AXphgn thZ]mc¼cy§fpw, IpessZhhnizmk§fpw {]IrXn Bcm[\m\pjvTm\§fpw, _p²þssP\amÀ¤§fpsaÃmw DÄs¸« Bbnc¡W¡n\p hn`mK§sf
‘lnµp’ F¶ Hä aX te_en³ Iogn sIm­p h¶p. bYmÀ°¯n hfsc hyXyØamb
hnizmkmNmcm\pjvTm\§fpÅ hn`mK§fmWv ChsbÃmw. C´y³ P\kwJybpsS 80
iXam\t¯mfw hcp¶ Cu hn`mK§sfsbÃmw Hä aX¯n³ Iogn {_n«ojpImÀ
sIm­ph¶Xnsâ ^ew Ct¸mÄ FSp¡p¶Xv _n.sP.]n.bmWv. C{]Imcw ‘lnµp’ F¶
kmwkvImcnI
kwÚbv¡v
aX]cnthjw
1
sImSp¡pIbpw
Ir{Xnaambn
Hcp
aX`qcn]£s¯bp­m¡n Ahsc thm«p_m¦m¡n amäpIbpw sN¿p¶ X{´amWv _n.sP.]n.
]bäp¶Xv.
‘lnµp’ F¶ ]Zw ]pcmX\ `mcXobIrXnIfnsehnsSbpanÃ. CXnsâ DÛhs¯¸än
Ncn{XImc·mcpsS
CSbnÂ
c­`n{]mbap­v.
H¶v,
C´y³
Bcy·mcpambn
s]mXphwi]mc¼cyw ]¦nSp¶ t]Àjy³kv knÔp \Znbv¡¡sc IpSntbdn ]mÀ¯hsc
lnµp¡Ä F¶v hnfn¨p. ImcWw AhcpsS {]mtZinI `mjbn ‘k’ D¨cn¡m³
_p²nap«mbXpsIm­v ‘knÔp’ F¶Xv ‘lnµp’ Bbn amdn.
CXv IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ
‘lnµp’ F¶ hm¡p Xs¶ sshtZinIamWv. ]n¶oSv apÉow A[n\nthi iànIfmWv
lnµpØm³ F¶ ]Zw t]mepw BZyambn D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. c­v, EtKzZ¯nse k]vX
knÔp F¶ ]cmaÀiamWv. Ggp alm\ZnIfpsS \mSv. knÔp F¶Xv \Zn F¶
AÀ°¯nemWv ChnsS D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. thZ kwkvIrX`mjbn ‘k’ F¶ A£cw
‘l’ F¶mWv D¨cn¨ncp¶Xv. AXmbXv ‘k]vX knÔp’ F¶Xv ‘l]vX lnµp’ F¶mbn amdn.
c­v
hymJym\§fnepw
s]mXphmbn
ImWp¶Xv
‘lnµp’
F¶
hm¡nsâ
`qanimkv{X]camb
AÀ°Xe§fmWv.
aXw
F¶
AÀ°Xew
]pcmX\
]mc¼cy§fnsemcnS¯pw ImWp¶nÃ. \mtSmSnbmbncp¶ a\pjy³ X¼Sn¨ncp¶Xv
\ZnItfmSv tNÀ¶mbncp¶p. ]n¶oSv ImÀjnI bpK¯ntebv¡v IS¶t¸mÄ tKm{XhÀ¤§Ä
\ZnItfmSv tNÀ¶v Adnbs¸SpIbpw kwkvImcw hfÀ¶p hcpIbpw sNbvXp. B Hcp
amä¯nsâ ^eambmWv knÔp (lnµp) \ZntbmSv tNÀ¶p InS¡p¶ {]tZi§fnse
kwkvImc§tfbpw
BfpIsfbpsams¡
‘sslµhnIX’,
‘lnµp¡Ä’,
‘lnµp[À½w’
F¶n§s\sbms¡ hntijn¸n¡m³ XpS§nbXv. Cu kwkvImc¯n\v cq]hpw `mhhpw
ssIh¶Xv
Cu
{]tZi¯p­mbncp¶
BZnhwiPcpw,
IpSntbdnb
Bcy·mcpw,
t]Àjy¡mcpw, aäp]e tKm{XhwiPcpw bpKbpKm´c§fmbn \ÂInbn«pÅ kmwkvImcnI
kw`mh\IfneqsSbmWv.
GsX¦nepw Hcp aX¯nt\mSv tNÀ¶Ã lnµp kwkvImcw hfÀ¶Xv, hfÀ¶p
sImt­bncn¡p¶Xv. Bbnc¡W¡n\p hcp¶ BZnhmkn ]mc¼cy§fpw ]n¶oSp h¶
thZ, t]Àjy³ ]mc¼cy§fpsaÃmw CSIeÀ¶XmWv C¶s¯ lnµp kwkvImcw. C¶p \mw
imkv{Xsa¶p hnfn¡p¶ B[p\nI kb³kv Fs¶m¶v ]­nÃmXncp¶XpsIm­v
BNmcm\pjvTm\§fneqsSbpw,
IeIfneqsSbpw,
hmsamgnbmbn
IYIfneqsSbpw,
an¯pIfneqsSbpamWv kwkvImcw ssIamdnbncp¶Xv. ChbneS§nbncp¶ km·mÀ¤nI
kmtcm]tZi§tfbpw, k\mX\ kXy§tfbpw, {]mtbmKnI \nÀt±i§tfbpamWv imkv{Xw
F¶p hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. CXv F¶pw amä¯n\v hnt[bambncp¶p. AXpsIm­mWtÃm C{Xam{Xw
\m\mXzw sIm­pw, hyXncàXsIm­pw k¼¶amb Hcp ]mc¼cyw C´ybv¡v
kz´ambpÅXv.
2
C´ybn ]n¶oSv kwkvIrX¯n\v taÂt¡mbva e`n¨tXmsSbmWv amä§sf
sNdp¡p¶ bmYmØnXnIX ]Xnsb¸Xnsb ]nSnapdp¡m³ XpS§nbXv. F¦nepw
tKm{XkwkvImc§Ä AXns\ AXnPohn¨v X§fpsS X\nabn \ne\n¶p t]m¶p.
kwkvIrX¯nsâ taÂt¡mbvabn³Iogn lnµp kwkvImc¯n\v X\Xmb cq]w ssIh¶p.
AXns\ lnµp[À½w F¶pw k\mX\ [À½w F¶psams¡ hnfn¨p. At¸mgpw AXn\v
aX]cnthjw D­mbncp¶nÃ. kXymt\zjnIfmbhÀ icnbmb PohnX¯n\v I¸n¨p X¶
hnhn[§fmb
amÀ¤§fmWv
‘lnµp[À½w’sIm­v
AÀ°am¡p¶Xv.
hnhn[§fmb
amÀ¤§fn thZ, _p², ssP\, ]mÀkn, kn¡v F¶nhbv¡v ]pdta ]n¶oSv apÉow
{InkvXob amÀ¤§fpw IS¶pIqSn. CXpIqSmsX At\Iw XÀ¡, XXz, [À½, kuµcy,
sshZy, hmkvXp imkv{X§fpap­v. ChsbsbÃmw ‘lnµp’ F¶ ]Z¯n\v aX]cnthjw
sImSp¯v AXnsâ
A\oXnbmWv.
IognÂ
sIm­phcp¶Xv
Ncn{Xt¯mSpw
kwkvImct¯mSpapÅ
AXnepw A]ISIcambn«pÅXv Hcp cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n A[nImc¯n\pth­n lnµp
kmwkvImcnI ss]XrI§Ä¡v aX]camb hymJym\w sImSp¯v X§Ä¡v CjvSapÅ
coXnbn AXns\ ASn¨p ]c¯n A]-\nÀ½n-¡m-\pÅ Xo{hamb {ia§fmWv. CXv
kao]hpw hnZqchpamb `mhnbn \m\mXz¯nse GIXz¯ne[njvTnXamb C´ybpsS
cmjv{Sob \ne\n¸n\pXs¶ shÃphnfnbmWv. C´ysb kvt\ln¡p¶ FÃmhcpw Cu
inYneoIcW {]hWXbvs¡Xnsc AWn\nc¡Ww.
Cu {]hWXIÄ lnµp[À½¯n\v Xs¶bp­m¡p¶ aqeyNypXnbmWv ChnsS NÀ¨
sN¿s¸Sm³ B{Kln¡p¶Xv. 80 iXam\w BfpIfpw {_n«ojpImcp­m¡nb lnµp aXsa¶
te_en hcp¶XpsIm­v AXns\ `qcn]£thm«m¡n amäm\pÅ X{´amWv _n.sP.]n.
KpPdm¯n ]co£n¨Xpw C´ybnse¼mSpw ]co£n¨psIm­ncn¡p¶Xpw. AXnsâ
]Ým¯e¯n thWw ‘tKmc£I’ Kp­mbnkhpw, tbmKn BZnXy\mYnsâ apJya{´n
]Zhpw,
]Ýna_wKmfnÂ
XpS¡an«ncn¡p¶
hÀ¤obelfIfpw,
s]mXptaJem
Øm]\§fpsS Xe¸¯v tamZn`àtcbpw, Xo{hlnµpXzhmZnIsfbpw \nban¡p¶XpsaÃmw
ImtW­Xv.
ChbneqsSsbÃmw _n.sP.]n. Øm]ns¨Sp¡m³ ]cn{ian¡p¶Xv. ‘lnµp’ F¶ ‘aX’
(?)¯nsâ Ip¯I X§Ä GsäSp¯ncn¡pIbmWv F¶pÅXmWv. _n.sP.]n. F¶ cmjv{Sob
]mÀ«nbpsS {]NmcIcpw {]tbmPIcpw {]hÀ¯IcpamWv lnµp aX¯nsâ HutZymKnI
hàm¡Ä. _n.sP.]n. Acnbn«p hmgn¨ncn¡p¶ sslsSIv tbmKnamcpw, _m_mamcpw,
k\ymknamcpw, amXmPnamcpsaÃmwIqSn lnµp[À½s¯ sslPm¡v sNbvXncn¡pIbmWv. {io
i¦cmNmcy, {io cmaIrjvW aT§fntebpw, ]pcmX\ lnµp[À½ ]oT§fntebpw
EjnXpeycmb
k\ymknamcptSbpw,
BNmcy·mcptSbpw
{]t_m[\§Ä
lnµp[À½s¯¸änbpÅ Ahkm\ hm¡mbn IcpXnbncp¶ Hcp Imeap­mbncp¶p.
FÃmhcpw
AhcpsS
{]t_m[\§fntebv¡pw
{]hÀ¯nbntebv¡pamWv
Däpt\m¡nbncp¶Xv. F¶m C¶mIs« Úm\¯nepw km[\bnepw D¶Xcmb Ahsc
3
BÀ¡pw tIÄ¡­. Ahcncnt¡­ Úm\, [À½ ]oT§fnepw
_n.sP.]n.bpsS cmjv{Sob N«pI§fmb hyP·mÀ Ibdn Ccn¡pIbmWv.
thZnIfnepw
Imjmb thjhpw, tbmKn, _m_m, amXm, kzman F¶n§s\bpÅ lnµp
[À½¯nsâ D¶Xamb {]XoI§fpw _nw_§fpw \ma§fpsams¡bmWv Cu hymP·mÀ
FSp¯Wnªncn¡p¶Xv. Chsc ap¶n \nÀ¯nbmWv _n.sP.]n.bpsS cmjv{Sob¡fnIÄ.
ImcWw hnÚm\nIfpw, k\mX\ [À½]meIcpw, kmXznIcpambhsc Cu Ifnbv¡v
In«pIbnsöv
_n.sP.]n.bv¡v
Adnbmw.
ChnsS
lnµp[À½w
sXcphnÂ
Nhn«nbc¡s¸SpIbmWv.
temIP\Xbv¡p
ap¼nÂ
Xcw
Xmgv¯s¸SpIbmWv.
lnµp[À½sa¶m _n.sP.]n. DbÀ¯n¡m«p¶ ]iphpw tbmKm`ymknIfpw, EjnIfpsS
t]cpambn Cd§nbncn¡p¶ D¸¶§fpw, ]d¶p \S¡p¶ BÄssZh§fpamsW¶pÅ
{]XoXnbmWv temI¯n\v \ÂInbncn¡p¶Xv. lnµp[À½¯nsâ km[\bn kv^pSw
sNbvsXSp¯ PohnXw \bn¡p¶ k\ymk tbmKoizc·mcpw, kzmanamcpsams¡ CsXms¡
I­pw tI«pw hfscb[nIw ZpxJn¡p¶p­mIpw. AhcpsS au\w hymP·mcpsS cmjv{Sob
tImemle§fn ap§nt¸mbn. BZnXy\pw, cmwtZh\pw, Dabpw, iinIebpw, tim`bpw,
tKm]meIrjvW\psams¡bbp­m¡p¶ tImemle§fn ap\namcpsS au\hpw, hN\hpw
XakvIcn¡s¸Sp¶p.
Ncn{X]camb Hcp henb sXänte¡mWv lnµp [À½s¯ _n.sP.]n. hen¨ng¡p¶Xv.
lnµp[À½¯nsâbpw
kwkvImc¯nsâbpw
kwc£Icmbn
AhXcn¡p¶
AhÀ
bYmÀ°¯n IpewIp¯nIfmbn amdpIbmWv. aXhpw cmjv{Sobhpw X½n Ahnip²
Iq«psI«pIÄ FhnsSsbms¡ D­mbn«pt­m AhnsSsbÃmw aX¯n\v A[x]X\hpw,
A]NbhpamWv D­mbn«pÅXv. CXmWv temINcn{Xw \ap¡p \ÂIp¶ ]mTw.
{InkvXpaXs¯ cmjv{Sobambn D]tbmKn¨ Hcp ImeL«w bqtdm¸nep­mbncp¶p. X§fpsS
A[nImcw \ne\nÀ¯m³ {InkvXpaX¯nsâ t]cn ]e A[nImcnIfpw [mcmfw
\nba§fpw, BNmc§fpw, kZmNmc§fpw P\§fn ASnt¨Â¸n¨p.
]n¶oSv ]e
hn¹h§fneqsSbpw
IS¶pt]mb
]ÝmXycnÂ
Cu
Ahnip²
Iq«psI«v
{InkvXpaXt¯mSpÅ AI¨bv¡v ImcWambn. bYmÀ°¯n ]ÝmXy\mSpIfpsS
Poh\mUnbmb, C¶hnsS¡mWp¶ A`nhr²ns¡Ãmw ImcWamb {InkvXobXsb Hcp
hn`mKw BfpIÄ shdp¡m³ ImcWw Cu cmjv{Sobamb Zpcp]tbmKamWv. {InkvXpaXs¯
hfÀ¯ms\¶ t]cn Cu cmjv{Sob A[nImcnIÄ sNbvXpIq«nb Imcy§Ä
bYmÀ°¯n XfÀ¯pIbmWv sNbvXXv. Cu Ncn{X]camb sXäneqsSbmWv C´ybnen¶v
lnµp[À½hpw IS¶p t]mIp¶Xv. F´p Ign¡Ww, F´v DSp¡Ww, F´p kwkmcn¡Ww,
Bsc kvt\ln¡Ww Fs¶Ãmw lnµpaX¯nsâ t]cp ]dªv ASnt¨Â¸n¡m³
cmjv{Sob¡mÀ {ian¨m AXv B aX¯nsâ \mi¯nsâ Bcw`ambncn¡pw. [mcmfw hntZi
A[n\nthi§fp­mbn«pw
Ahsbms¡
lnµp[À½¯nsâ
X\nabv¡v
Xnf¡w
Iq«pIbÃmsX XIÀ¡m³ IgnbmsX Ccp¶Xv F´psIm­mWv? \m\Xz¯n\pw,
sshhn²y¯n\pw, _lpkzcXbv¡psams¡bpÅ B´cnI kzmX{´w D­mbncp¶Xp
4
sIm­mWv. skanänIv aX§Ät]mepw lnµp [À½t¯mSv IqSn tNÀ¶t¸mÄ ]ckv]cw
k¼¶am¡pIbmWv sNbvXXv.
F¶m Cusbmcp B´cnI kzmX{´yhpw ss\kÀ¤oIXbpw lnµp-[À½-¯n\v
\jvSs¸«m hcpw Xeapd AXn-t\mSv adpXen¡p¶ Hcp {]Xntema kwkvImc¯ntebv¡p
\o§pw. hfsc efnXambn ]dªm Fsâ N«nbn F´pthhWsa¶pw, Fsâ `mjbpw,
Iebpw, _Ô§fpsaÃmw F§s\ Bbncn¡Wsa¶pw Hcp aX¯nsâ t]cp ]dªv
cmjv{Sob A[nImcw sIm­v ASnt¨Â¸n¡m³ {ian¨m B aXs¯ hcpw Xeapd
shdp¡psa¶p am{XaÃ, AXn\v t\sc hn]coXamb {]Xn kwkvImcw (Iu­À IĨÀ)
Ahcn hfÀ¶p hcpw. bqtdm¸v Cu Hcp {]Xn`mk¯neqsS IS¶pt]mbXmWv. {InkvXp-a-X¯n-\v AXp­m¡nb £Xw CXphscbpw amdnbn«nÃ. AXpsIm­mWv aXs¯
cmjv{Sobambn D]tbmKn¡m\pÅ sNdnb {ia§sft¸mepw Ahcn¶v apfbnse
\pÅn¡fbp¶Xv.
C´ybnemIs« t\sc Xncn¨mWv ØnXn. cmjv{Sob¡mcpsS ssIIfnse¯s¸«
lnµp[À½¯nsâ s]mfns¨gp¯mWv, A]\nÀ½nXnbmWv \S¡p¶Xv. ChnsS A]\nÀ½nXn
F¶XpsIm­v AÀ°am¡p¶Xv lnµp[À½¯nsâ A]-N-b-¯n-tebv¡v \bn-¡p¶ inYn-eoI-cW {]hÀ¯n-I-fmWv. lnµpkwkvImc¯nepSseSp¯ k\mX\[À½¯nsâ k¯bnÂ
\n¶p hyXnNen¨pÅ Cu A]\nÀ½nXn, lnµp aXsa¶v _n.sP.]n. C¶hImis¸Sp¶
aX¯n \n¶v hcpwXeapdsb AIäpItb DÅp. aXs¯ shdp¡p¶ ]pXnb Hcp
Xeapdsb krjvSn¡mt\ AXv D]Icn¡pIbpÅp. lnµp [À½¯nsâ cmjv{Sobamb
A]\nÀ½nXnbÃ, Bßobamb \hoIcW¯neqsSbpÅ \nÀ½nXnbmWv th­Xv.
5