Unit Review
Chapt. Section, : 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 12.1, 12.3, 12.4, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
25 multiple choice; 4 short answer and 1 concept map
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. electromagnetic wave
2. electromagnetic spectrum
SUMMARY
• Light is an electromagnetic wave (EM wave). An EM wave can travel through
matter or space.
• The entire range of EM waves is called the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Infrared waves from the sun warm Earth and everything on Earth.
• Visible light is the narrow range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic
spectrum that humans can see.
• Humans see different wavelengths of visible light as different colors.
• Ultraviolet light is both harmful and helpful to living things.
Interactions of Light with Matter
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. reflection
2. absorption
3. scattering
4. transmission
SUMMARY
• Light travels in straight lines if the material that the light is traveling through
does not change.
• The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection.
• Things that are luminous can be seen because they emit light. Things that are
illuminated can be seen because they reflect light.
• Absorption is the transfer of light energy to particles of matter. Scattering is an
interaction of light with matter that causes light to change direction.
• Light can be reflected, transmitted, and absorbed by matter.
• Colors of opaque objects are determined by the colors of light that they reflect.
• Colors of translucent and transparent objects are determined by the colors of
light they transmit and reflect.
• Pigments give objects color. The primary pigments are magenta, cyan,
and yellow.
What Is a Plant?
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. nonvascular plant
2. vascular plant
3. gymnosperm
4. angiosperm
SUMMARY
• All plants make their own food and have cuticles, cells walls, and a two-stage
life cycle.
• Plants are first classified into two groups: nonvascular plants and vascular
plants. Vascular plants are further divided into seedless plants, gymnosperms,
and angiosperms.
• Similarities between green algae and plants suggest that they have a common
ancestor.
Seed Plants
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. pollen
2. pollination
SUMMARY
• Seeds nourish the young sporophyte of seed plants. Seed plant gametophytes
rely on the sporophyte. Also, they do not need water for fertilization.
• Sexual reproduction occurs in gymnosperms when sperm from the male cone
fertilizes the eggs of the female cone. The embryo develops within the female
cone, which then releases seeds.
• Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms. Wind and animals help
angiosperms reproduce.
• Many organisms rely on seed plants for food. Humans have many uses for
seed plants.
Structures of Seed Plants
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. xylem
2. phloem
3. sepal
4. petal
5. stamen
6. pistil
7. ovary
8. ovule
Cell Energy
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. photosynthesis
2. cellular respiration
3. fermentation
SUMMARY
• Most of the energy that fuels life comes from the sun.
• The sun’s energy is changed into food by the process of photosynthesis, which
occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
• Cellular respiration breaks down glucose into water, carbon dioxide,
and energy.
• Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells.
• Fermentation is a way that cells get energy from their food without
using oxygen.
Photosynthesis
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. photosynthesis
2. chlorophyll
3. cellular respiration
4. stoma
5. transpiration
SUMMARY
• Chloroplasts and mitochondria are important organelles in plant cells.
• During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to make glucose and oxygen.
• Plants get energy from food by cellular respiration, which uses oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide and water.
• Transpiration, or the loss of water through the leaves of plants, occurs when
stomata are open.
Reproduction of Flowering Plants
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. dormant
SUMMARY
• In the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, a sperm fertilizes an egg.
• After fertilization, seeds and fruit form. The seeds may sprout into new plants.
• A dormant seed can survive drought and freezing temperatures. Some seeds
need extreme conditions to break their dormancy.
• Some plants use plantlets, tubers, or runners to reproduce asexually.
Plant Development and Responses
In your own words, write a definition of the following terms in the space provided.
1. stimulus
2. tropism
SUMMARY
• Some plant cells are able to differentiate many times in the lifetime of the plant.
• There are many groups of plant hormones. Plant hormones can affect a plant’s
growth and development.
• A growth in response to a stimulus is called a tropism. Tropisms are positive or
negative.
• Plants react to light, gravity, and the change of seasons.
• Short-day plants flower when nights are long. Long-day plants flower when
nights are short