Presented by: Electro Infinity
Vikas Kumar(1325280)
Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering & Technology
CONTENTS
Introduction
What is “Nanoscale”?
Nanotechnology
What makes the Nanoscale special?
Need of Nanotechnology in Electronics
Nanotechnology in Electronics
Common Applications of Nanotechnology in
Electronics
Future Scope of Nanotechnology
INTRODUCTION
What is “Nano”?
Nano in Greek means
‘dwarf’…..but in actual Nano is even smaller
than dwarf i.e atomic level of anything.
What is Nanoscale ?
Fullerenes C60
22 cm
12,756 Km
1.27 × 107 m
0.7 nm
0.22 m
10 millions times
smaller
0.7 × 10-9 m
1 billion times
smaller
4
NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Nanotechnology
is the
study
of
manipulating
matter on an atomic scale.
• Nanotechnology refers to
the
constructing
and
engineering
of
the
functional systems at very
micro level or we can say at
atomic level.
• A Nanometer is one
billionth of a meter, roughly
the width of three or four
atoms. The average human
hair
is
about
25,000
nanometers wide.
What makes the Nanoscale special?



High density of structures is possible with small size.
Physical and chemical properties can be different at
the nano-scale (e.g. electronic, optical, mechanical,
thermal, chemical).
The physical behavior of material can be different in
the nano-regime because of the different ways
physical properties scale with dimension (e.g. area vs.
volume).
What is a Carbon
Nanotube?
 A Carbon Nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a
diameter measuring on the nanometre scale.
 Carbon Nanotubes are formed from essentially the graphite sheet and
the graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up continuous unbroken
hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexagons.
 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family.
Need of Nanotechnology in
Electronics
Today microelectronics are used and
they solve our most of the problems.
The two exceptional disadvantages
of micro electronics are:
 Physical size
 Increasing cost of fabrication of
integrated circuits.
To overcome these disadvantages
nanotechnology can be used.
Nanotechnology in Electronics
Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology
on electronic components, especially transistors.
Nanoelectronics often refer to transistor devices that are
so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum
mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
Besides being small and allowing more transistors to be
packed into a single chip, the uniform and symmetrical
structure of nanotubes allows a higher electron mobility, a
higher dielectric constant (faster frequency), and a
symmetrical electron/ hole characteristic.
Advantages of Using Nanotechnology in
Electronics
Increasing the density of
memory chips
Decreasing the weight and
thickness of the screens
Nanolithography is used for
fabrication of chips.
Reducing the size of transistors
used in integrated circuits.
Improving display screens on
electronics devices.
Reducing power consumption.
Graphene transistor
• Graphene is a single sheet of carbon atoms packed in a
honeycomb crystal lattice, isolated from graphite.
• Allows electrons to move at an extraordinarily high
speed.
• With its intrinsic nature of being one-atom-thick, can be
exploited to fabricate field-effect transistors that are
faster and smaller.
Single Electron Transistor
• A single electron
transistor needs only one
electron to change from
the insulating to the
conducting state.
• Deliver very high device
density and power
efficiency with remarkable
operational speed.
• Quantum dots with sub100 nm dimensions have
to be fabricated.
Carbon-based nanosensors
Graphene and carbon
nanotubes have:
 Excellent thermal conductivity
 High mechanical robustness
 Very large surface to volume
ratio making them superior
materials for fabrication of
electromechanical and
electrochemical sensors with
higher sensitivities, lower limits of
Any additional gold atom that adsorbs on
detection, and faster response
the surface of a vibrating carbon nanotube
time.
would change its resonance frequency
which is further detected.
Computer processing
Moore’s Law
describes a
trend of
technology.
It states
that the
number of
transistors
that can be
put on a
single chip
will double
every two
years.
Because of
nanotechnology,
the speed of
computers has
increased while
the price of
computing has
decreased.
Memory and storage
2 GB in 1980s
$80,000
2 GB in 1990s
$200
2 GB in
2010
$5
Displays
Carbon nanotubes on a glass or plastic sheet
allow manufacturers to make clear
conductive panels for displays that are
extremely thin.
FUTURE SCOPE IN
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology for flexible Electronics
Nanotechnology for wireless devices
Nanotechnology for molecular devices
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR
FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS
Stretchable electronics or flexible
electronics is likely to be the future
of mobile electronics.
Potential applications include
wearable electronic devices,
biomedical uses, compact portable
devices, and robotic devices.
 In the future, it is likely that
graphene will become a dominant
material in flexible electronics.
Graphene is nothing but an allotrope
of carbon that has superb electrical
conductivity, flexibility, and physical
strength.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR
MOLECULAR DEVICES
Reducing size of electronics is the need
of era and this can be achieved with the
help of molecules that can be used in
active devices.
These molecules behave as diodes or
programmable switches that make
connections between wires and
consume less current.
Thousands of molecules can be
sandwiched between two crossing
micro-scale wires to create an active
devices. Since molecular devices fit
between the wires, large area savings
could be achieved.
"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”