Name: IGCSE 1 SCIENCE VOCAB BOOKLET EACH WEEK YOU WILL BE TESTED ON EACH SET OF VOCABULARY BY YOUR SUBJECT TEACHER week. Science Department | YEW WAH SCHOOL GUBEI Instructions In this booklet there are sets of key vocabulary for each of your science subjects. Every week, your Biology, Physics and Chemistry teachers will set you a 5-8-mark quiz based on the key vocabulary for that week. You may be asked to write out the key word using the correct spelling or you will have to write the meaning (definition) of the word as given. It is your responsibility to learn, practice and use the key vocabulary. The scores for each week will be recorded and can be used to help your teachers to write reports and provide feedback on your performance. Below are some tips for practicing the vocabulary: 1. Make your own word box Use one card per word, with the English on one side and a translation on the other. Test yourself with the cards, sort them into categories, play games with them. 2. Revise 8 words per day regularly. In your mind, try to lock the particular word onto the image of an object 3. To practice, randomly pick a number of words and make up a simple, but probably crazy, story using the words. You can do the same with the words in your word box. 4. Read aloud to yourself 5. Use Quizlets 6. Read, cover and write out the vocabulary Most of the vocabulary and meanings (definitions) are on the website Quizlets. Use the following link to access the words: For Physics: https://quizlet.com/371568543/physics-igcse-coordinated-science-flash-cards/ For Chemistry: https://quizlet.com/371573609/chemistry-igcse-coordinated-science-flashcards/ For Biology: https://quizlet.com/371565637/igcse-coordinated-science-biology-master-setflash-cards/ You can use the following website: https://www.s-cool.co.uk/ to help review content for each of the subjects. Click the link and then click which subject and topic you want to review. Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) multicellular a body made up of many cells Cell wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm surrounding the cell membrane and gives strength to the cell surrounds the cell and allows substances to move in and out of the cell fills the cell and is a jelly like substance concentration the amount of something Passive Does not require energy Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Matter The stuff that makes up the mass of an object States of Solid, liquid and gas matter Melting A fixed temperature point at which a solid becomes liquid Freezing A fixed temperature point at which a liquid becomes a solid Sublimation A solid which directly becomes a gas and the reverse Evaporation Another term for a liquid changing to a gas Boiling When bubbles appear in a liquid Boiling point A fixed temperature when a Liquid becomes a gas. Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Speed Speed=distance/ equation time Distance How far an object has travelled (metre, m) Speed Distance travelled by an object per unit of time Acceleration change in velocity/ time taken Accelerating Speed increasing Decelerating Speed decreasing Stopwatch Records time in seconds Steeper A high gradient or almost vertical slope WEEK 1: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) Nucleus Controls the cell Chemistry Definition (meaning) Physics Definition (meaning) Key vocab Pure Consist of only ONE substance type of substance Key vocab Velocity An object’s speed in a particular stated direction Microscope allows us to study structures which are too small to see just using our eyes Net more particles Movement moving in the same direction Impurity Journey Travelling from one place to another Diffusion Solution Red Blood Cell particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration help to deliver oxygen around the body using haemoglobin Range Mixture Solute Solvent Dissolve Containing more than ONE type of substance A set of temperatures going from high to low A substance made up of at least two different parts One substance dissolved into another A solid which is dissolved into a liquid The liquid in which a solid is dissolved To become part of a liquid Horizontal A straight-line level with the horizon Constant No increase or decrease Increasing Become greater in amount decreasing Become smaller in amount Free fall downward movement under the force of gravity only Gravity A force pulling on an object WEEK 2: Key vocab Structure Function Biology Definition (meaning) The arrangement of elements in an object The purpose of something Absorption The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood Organism A living thing Movement A change in direction Palisade cell found in the upper layer of leaves. Lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Miscible Being able to be mixed together Decanting Carefully pour a liquid off a solid Filtration Separating a solid from a liquid Residue Insoluble material collected on filter paper Liquid collected after filtration Filtrate Centrifugation Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid by spinning Immiscible A mixture of two liquids which separate into layers Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Force Pushes and pulls which affect objects Friction A force working in the opposite direction as an object travel’s Air A form of friction resistance when an object travels through air Resultant is the total force force when one or more forces acts on an abject along the same line. Gravitational An area around field the Earth that gravity affects Mass how much stuff is in an object WEEK 3: Biology Key Definition vocab (meaning) Enzyme A protein found in cells, act as biological catalysts. Biological An enzyme which Catalyst speeds up chemical reactions substrate the molecule(s) upon which an enzyme acts. It can bind to the active site of the enzyme. Active site The place where an enzyme fits (bind) Product Substance made after a reaction Denatured When an enzyme no longer works Optimum The condition where enzymes work best Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Separation of a Crystallisation Distillation Distillate salt from it's solution by drying A process that separates the substances in a solution Condensed faction obtained A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points Each of the Fractions portions into which a mixture may be separated due to boiling point Chromatography a process which separates the parts of a solution with special paper and a solvent. Fractional distillation Key vocab Force formula Physics Definition (meaning) Mass x acceleration Steady speed Motion without acceleration Motion An object moving Kilograms The unit of mass Braking Making an car (vehicle) slow down or stop Weaker Less than Cancel Stop the effect of a force Magnitude The size of a force WEEK 4: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) Ecology is the study of an organism’s environment Environment The area around an organism Ecosystem Community and environment Habitat The place where an organism lives Community All populations of different species Population The number of an individual species Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Solvent front wet moving edge of the solvent Locating A liquid used in agents chromatography Chromatogram The final paper seen after chromatography Soluble A solid which dissolve into a liquid Insoluble A solid which does not dissolve in a liquid Concentrated Containing lots of a solute Dilute Containing a small amount of solute concentration The amount of solute in a solution Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Pivot Fixed point at which an object will turn Moment Turning effect of a force about it’s pivot See-saw A long rigid object that is pivoted at a point Equilibrium When a beam is balanced, equal forces Perpendicular at an angle of 90° to a given line Principle of moments Centre of mass When the clockwise and anticlockwise forces are equal Mass concentrated at one point WEEK 5: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) An organism that Producer Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Mixing Combining more than one substance Reaction substances acting on each other and are changed into different substances Decomposition When a compound breaks down to form other substances Synthesis Combining two or more substances makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis. An organism that Consumer gets its energy by feeding on other organisms. Decomposer An organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic matter. Food Chain A chart showing the flow of energy (food) from one organism Physical to the next beginning change with a producer A network of Food Web interconnected food Compounds chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem. Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Spring Metal which stretches when a force is applied Load Weights hung on a spring Extension Length of a spring when a force is applied Limit of Graph bends and proportionality the line slope up more steeply Hooke’s law F = kx Pressure When a substance changes state Two or more elements combined chemically Pascal Upthrust Force acting on a object over an area Units for pressure Upward force in a liquid or gas WEEK 6: Biology Key Definition vocab (meaning) Primary 1st consumer in a Consumer food chain Secondary 2nd consumer in a consumer food chain Herbivores These are primary consumers Carnivores These are secondary consumers Trophic level The position of an organism in a food chain or food web Energy loss When energy leaves a food chain Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Atom Very small particles found in matter Symbol Letters which represent the name of an element Molecules Atoms of one element combining Lattices The structure found in salts Intermolecular The space space between particles Diffusion Elements particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration One type atom Key vocab Doing work Physics Definition (meaning) Transferring energy to an object Work done Amount of energy transferred Work formula W=Fxd Weight Force acting on an object Newtons Unit for measuring weight (N) Joules Unit for energy transfer Power power=energy transferred/time (paula eats tomatoes) Units for measuring power (W) Watts WEEK 7: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) A series of Carbon cycle Deforestation processes in which carbon moves through the environment Removal of trees Chemistry Definition (meaning) Key vocab Nucleus Centre of the atom which contains the mass Proton Positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutron Neutral charged particles in the nucleus A large group of trees located along the equator Substances Pollution which is harmful to the environment Eutrophication Nutrients flow into a water source increasing algae and bacterial growth, leading to a reduction in oxygen Rainforest Electron Negatively charged particles around the nucleus Relative The mass of an atom atomic compared to the mass mass of carbon Proton Number of protons number found in the nucleus Mass Total mass of everything number found in the nucleus Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) States of Solid, liquid and gas matter Changing states Melting Solids – liquids Liquids – Gases And the reverse A solid changing to a liquid Freezing A liquid changing to a solid Boiling A liquid changing to a gas Condensing A gas changing to a liquid Evaporation Another term for a liquid changing to a gas WEEK 8: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) Xylem Transport system for water Transport system Phloem for sucrose and amino acids. Vascular bundle A group of xylem vessels and phloem tubes. Root hairs Found on root hair cells, they absorb water from the soil Transpiration Loss of water Stream Cohesion Humidity vapour from a plant The movement of water along a path The need to stick together Amount of water in the air Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Isotope A different mass of an atom caused by a change in the neutrons Radioisotope Elements with an imbalanced of neutrons which emit radiation Shells Electrons orbiting the nucleus Energy levels Another term for Shells. Electrons can move between energy levels Bohr’s The arrangement of theory electrons in an atom Volatile Vapour Easily evaporated at normal temperatures A gaseous substance in the air Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Melting A fixed temperature point at which a solid becomes liquid Boiling point A fixed temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas Model A 3D representation of a structure Kinetic Movement Matter The stuff that makes up the mass of an object The tiny parts of matter. Particles Compression Reducing the volume Collisions Hitting something and bouncing off WEEK 9: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) The system Circulatory which transport system Oxygenated blood blood around the body Blood with high levels of oxygen Deoxygenated Blood with low levels of oxygen blood Double circulation Pulmonary system Systemic system and high levels of carbon dioxide Blood travels through the heart twice The blood vessels which take blood to and from the lungs Blood vessels which take blood around the body and back to the heart Key vocab Periodic table Groups Chemistry Definition (meaning) A table of elements arranged by atomic number Elements with similar properties in the vertical column Periods Horizontal rows Metals Elements which are held together by metallic bonding Nonmetals Elements which are held together by different bonding Metals which are made by a mixture of elements Metalloids Elements with some properties of metals and non-metals Thermal expansion Physics Definition (meaning) Substances expand when heated Expand To become larger Key vocab Thermometer A device used to measure temperature Temperature Measure of the kinetic energy of particles Internal Total energy of all Energy particles Thermistors Alloys Celsius scale Electrical resistor whose resistance changes with temperature Two fixed points 0C freezing of water and 100C boling point of water WEEK 10: Key vocab Heart Atria Biology Definition (meaning) A cardiac muscle which pumps blood around the body The two upper chambers of the heart Key vocab Alkali metals Halogens Ventricles The two lower chambers of the heart Vena Cava Blood vessel which carries blood from the body to the heart Aorta Blood vessel which carries blood from the heart to the body Coronary heart disease Heart beat Blockage of the blood vessels which feed the heart The pulsing of the heart Oxidising agents Chemistry Definition (meaning) Group 1 of the periodic table, highly reactive Group 7 of the periodic table, mainly gases A substance which gives up oxygen to other substances Key vocab Conduction Vibrating Group 8 of the periodic table, not reactive Transition Very useful metallic metals elements when substances get hot, their particles vibrate, hitting particles next to them, that start vibrating too. Move rapidly Insulator Heat cannot move through the substance Convection the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, more dense material to sink Convection current Movement of a fluid that carries energy from a warmer place to a cooler place Travels as electromagnetic waves over long distances Universal A substance or paper indicator which changes colour over a range of pH Noble gases Physics Definition (meaning) Radiation Infrared radiation emitted particularly by heated objects WEEK 11: Biology Key Definition vocab (meaning) Arteries Blood vessels which carries blood away from the heart Veins Blood vessels which carries blood towards the heart Capillaries Blood vessels which are very small and take blood to the cells Plasma Liquid part of blood White blood cells Platelets Fight off pathogens keeping the body healthy Small broken bits of cells. Involved in blood clotting Chemistry Definition (meaning) Key vocab Chemical Interaction between bonding the last shell of atoms Metallic bonding The type of bonding used to hold metal atoms together Covalent Sharing of electrons bonding between non-metal elements Ionic The bond between a bonding non-metal and metal element Malleable Metals which can be rolled into sheets without breaking Ductile Metals which can be stretched into wires Lattice The arrangement of atoms in a solid Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Resistor Control the amount of current in a circuit Circuit a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow Variable Alter the current resistor flowing in a circuit Light – Resistance which dependant depends on light resistor Thermistors Resistance which depends on heat Electrical charge a basic property of electrons, protons and other subatomic particles. WEEK 12: Biology Definition (meaning) Key vocab Respiration Breakdown of glucose to release energy Aerobic The present (with) of oxygen Anaerobic The absence (without) of oxygen Yeast A small fungus which produces alcohol Lactic acid A product of anaerobic respiration which causes muscles to hurt One gas entering and another gas leaving Gas exchange Alveoli Trachea Tiny air spaces in the lungs The tube which supplies the lungs with air Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Relative is the sum of formula the relative atomic mass masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula Relative Is the sum of the molecular relative atomic mass masses A mole The amount of a substance equal to it’s relative formula mass in grams Avogadro Substances contain constant 6.02x1023 atoms Molar mass the mass in grams of one mole of a substance Law of Mass of the conservation product is equal to of mass the mass of the reactants Physics Definition (meaning) Key vocab Negative Created by an unbalanced number of electrons positive Attract Repel Electric field Acquire Created when there is a loss of electrons leading to more protons Objects with the opposite charge will pull towards each other Objects with the same charge will push away from each other An area around an object where a force can be exerted on other objects Gains or to receive something WEEK 13: Biology Key vocab Definition (meaning) Bronchi Two separate parts of the trachea Bronchioles Smaller tubes in the lungs Goblet cell Cells which are on the trachea and make mucus Mucus A slimly, sticky liquid Oxygen The build-up of debt lactic acid during anaerobic respiration. Nicotine A chemical which causes addiction Tar A brown sticky liquid which causes cancer Carbon A poisonous gas monoxide which affects the blood Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Making bonds which Exothermic Endothermic Combustion Calorimeter give out heat energy and raise temperature Breaking bonds which absorb heat energy and lower temperature Burning a substance Measuring the amount of heat involved in a reaction Neutralisation The reaction between Activation energy acids and alkalis Minimum amount of energy need for a reaction to occur Rate of reaction The speed at which a reaction takes place Catalyst A substance which speeds up the reaction without changing the products Physics Key vocab Definition (meaning) Current Movement of electricity around a complete circuit Cell This provides the push for the electricity to flow. Battery A type of cell Direct current Current which flows in the same direction Conductors Allows electricity to flow easily Insulator Does not allow electricity to flow Ammeter Measures electric current (amps A) Resistance Reduction in the flow of a circuit WEEK 14: Biology Definition (meaning) Key vocab Define Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity Apply Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given problem or issue Discuss Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses Explain Give a detailed account including reasons or causes. Predict Give an expected result Sketch Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate) Chemistry Key vocab Definition (meaning) Particles in a substance Collide Key vocab Voltage hitting or bumping into each other Reversible Acid The products from a reaction can be changed back to the reactants A substance with H+ ions and a pH between 1-6 Voltmeter Potential difference Alkali A substance with OHions and a pH between 8-14 Ohms pH The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance Ohms law A method of determining the concentration of a substance Precipitation The sudden formation of a solid Titration Physics Definition (meaning) The amount of push needed for current to move Measures the electrical potential across the resistor (volts V) Push needed for current to flow through a resistor Amount of resistance in a component () Potential difference/ current Electromotive The voltage that a battery will supply. It force is the driving force that give the electrons energy to move around the circuit WEEK 15:
