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Genetics and mutation Test
Punnett Squares
Let’s say that in seals, the gene for the length of the whiskers has two alleles. The dominant allele (H) codes for long
whiskers and the recessive allele (h) codes for short whiskers.
1. What is the probability of producing offspring that have short whiskers from a cross of two long-whiskered
seals, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous? Show you work on the Punnett
square. (4 pts)
______________% long whiskers
______________% short whiskers
2. If one parent seal is a heterozygous long-whisker and the other is short-whiskered, what is the probability
that the offspring will have short whiskers? (4 pts)
______________% long whiskers
______________% short whiskers
True or False
Write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.
3. ________A homozygous individual could have a Bb genotype.
4. ________Different alleles account for much of the variation in the characteristics of organisms
5. ________The expression of an organism’s phenotype produces its genotype.
6. ________A Dd genotype has two different alleles.
7. ________If an individual has a Gg genotype, half of his gametes should have the G allele, and the other half
should have the g allele.
8. ________A Punnett square is a chart that allows you to easily determine the expected genotypes in the
offspring of two parents.
9. ________A parent cell makes gametes through the process of mitosis.
10. ________It is entirely likely for a gene to have more than two alleles.
11. ________Your height and skin color are not just due to your genes.
12. ________The rules of probability apply to genetics.
13. ________After he published his work, Mendel achieved great fame among scientists.
Multiple Choice
Circle the letter of the correct choice.
14. Looking at your dog will give information concerning
(a) the dog’s genotype.
(b) the dog’s phenotype.
(c) the dog’s recessive alleles.
(d) the dog’s heterozygous alleles.
15. An Aa individual
(a) has a homozygous genotype.
(b) has a heterozygous phenotype.
(c) has a heterozygous genotype.
(d) has a homozygous phenotype.
16. In a cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, what is the
chance of the offspring having a heterozygous genotype?
(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%
Complete the boxes below. Classify each as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution
Original DNA Sequence:
mRNA Sequence:
T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
_____________________________________________
Amino Acid Sequence: _________________________________________________________________
Mutated DNA Sequence #1:
T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? _________________________________________________________(Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects?
Mutated DNA Sequence #2:
__________
What kind of mutation is this? _____________________________
T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? _____________________________________________________
(Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?________________________________________________________________
Will there likely be effects?
_______
What kind of mutation is this? ___________________________
Describe the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, starting from DNA and ending with a “raw” protein.
Answers should include the processes of translation and transcription.
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