Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment &
Determining Control (HIRAC)
BS OHSAS 18001:2007
HIRAC
What is Hazard?
What is risk?
Source
Situation
Likelihood of
occurrence
of hazardous
event
Act
Risk
Harm or
ill health
What is Ill Health?
ill
health
Adverse
physical
Severity of
injury / ill
health
Adverse
mental
condition
HIRAC
Why HIRAC ?
Legal Factor
Human Factor
Save Life
Act / Rule
Financial Factor
Cost Reduction
Minimize risk of life
Minimize Injury
Penalty
Stack holder
Contract Condition
Staff moral
Productivity
HIRAC
Provide appropriate
controls
ALL
PURPOSE
Activities
Sub activities
Process
Task
Risk level
likelihood
Associated
consequences
identify OH&S hazards
PERFORMED AT
Head Office
Regional Office
Workshop
Projects
Assessing Risk
What is a risk assessment?
“Process of evaluating the risk arising from a hazard (s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing
controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable”.
Why risk assessment required?
You
Risk
Assessmen
t
Requireme
nt
Business
Other
Assessing Risk
Factors to be considered while assessing risk:
People
Equipment
Factors
Process
activity
Location
Assessing Risk
Probability
Low
Low
Assessing Risk
Probability
Low
Medium
Assessing Risk
Probability
Low
Medium
High
Assessing Risk
Probability
Assessing Risk
Severity
High
Medium
Low
Assessing Risk
Assessing Risk
RISK
5
15
25
Assessing Risk
Evaluate the Risk / Risk assessment Matrix
Probability:
5
5
15
25
5 – Certain
Increasing Probability
3 – Likely
3
3
9
15
1
1
3
5
1 – Unlikely
Severity:
5 – Catastrophic
1
Increasing Severity
3
5
3 – Major
1 – Minor
Assessing Risk
RISK PRIORITY CHART - Severity
Occupational Safety Hazard (Severity)
Severity of risk
Description
Minimal
•First aid injury
•Injury (absence less
than 48 hrs)
•Resume work immediately after FA or
within 48 hrs;
•Minor delay to resume operation.
•Cost of property damage within INR
50,000/-
Major/Serious
•Lost time injury
(absence more than
48 hrs),
•Temporary/permane
nt disablement
•Resume work after 48 hours
•Temporary/permanent disablement of
body organ
•Suspension of operation for few hours
•Property damage cost between INR
50000/- to INR/- 10,00,000/
Catastrophic
Fatalities or
Collapsing of
structure
•Loss of life; total failure of machinery
or catastrophic damages (structural
damages etc)
•Undefined Suspension of operation .
•Damage above INR 10,00,000/-
Occupational Health Hazard (Severity)
Severity
factor
Severity of risk
Description
Severity
factor
1
Minimal
•Medical aid
illness
•ill health less
than 48hrs
•Resume work
immediately after
FA
•Resume work
within 48 hrs
1
3
Major/Serious
•ill health
•Absence more
than 48hrs or
disabling illness
•Resume work after
48 hrs
•Disabling illness
resulting into
disablement of
body organ.
3
5
Catastrophic
•Death due to
Occupational
diseases
Death due to
Occupational
diseases
5
Assessing Risk
RISK PRIORITY CHART - Probability
Probability ( Occupational Safety and health Hazard)
Probability
factor
Probability of risk
Description
Unlikely
Never known to have happened in GIL or other
industry
1
Likely
Known to have happened more than once in GIL
projects
3
Certain
Sure to happen or happens regularly at the project
5
Assessing Risk
RISK LEVEL INDEX AND ACTION
Risk Score
(Range)
1 to 3
5 to 9
Above 9
Risk Level
Action
Low
A risk identified as low may be considered as acceptable and further
reduction may not be necessary. However, if the risk can be resolved
quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and
recorded.
Medium
A risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies
temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented on the
risk assessment form including date for completion.
High
A risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the
hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk
assessment form including date for completion.
Controlling Risk
5
5
15
25
How do you reduce risk?
Reduce Probability
3
Reduce Severity
Reduce both
3
9
15
1
1
3
5
1
3
5
•
•
•
Increasing Probability
If you want to reduce the risk, you’ll need to:
Increasing Severity
Controlling Risk Level
To decide on the risk control there is a hierarchy of risk control i.e.
1. Eliminate hazard E.g. eliminating the need to work in a confined space.
2. Substitution
E.g. using a hydraulic machine in wet condition instead of electrical
power driven machine to avoid shock hazards.
3. Engineering control E.g. installing guarding on equipment or
operating machinery remotely
4. Administrative controls
5. PPE
E.g. displaying warning signs or
providing safety training
E.g. using respiratory protection to minimize
exposure to inhalation of silica dust, fine
particles, cement dust etc.
Controlling Risk level
Increasing Probability
Example - 1
5
5
15
25
3
3
9
15
1
1
3
5
1
3
5
Increasing Severity
Controlling Risk level
Increasing Probability
Example - 2
5
5
15
25
3
3
9
15
1
1
3
5
1
3
5
Increasing Severity
Controlling Risk
Risks must be reduced so far as is reasonably practicable
Hazards
Under age workers
Damaged grinding wheel
Non usages of PPE’s
Untrained workers
No wheel guard
Unprotected & improper
storing of cylinders
Wet Floor
No plug top
Unguarded tools
Consequences
Legal Violation results work stop / penalty
Personnel Injury result to
cut injury / breathing
problem
Hit injury to personnel
results LTA
Braking of wheel causing
injury to personnel
Personnel injury while
performing job
Body trap may result into
major injury
Electrocution
Slipping of personnel result
major injury / electrocution
Contact of human body
results cut / crush injury
Control Measures
Control Measures
Deploy worker those
have completed 18 year
Use of proper
grinding wheel (size)
Conduct trade test
before selection /
deployment
Use trolley, proper
cable routing, secure
in vertical position
Sign Board,
Housekeeping
Mandatory Use
of quality PPE’s
Provide Wheel
guard as per
manufacturer
recommendation
Provide
Plug top , check
periodically
Review of Risk Assessment
•Amendment of any legislation
•At least once in six months.
•New type of job
•Changing in existing process/activity
•Modification in site layout
•Current SOP / Method statement Changed
•New safety equipment / equipment deputed
•After any incident / accident investigation
•As a result of safety audit, safety inspection etc
HIRAC Documents
DETAIL PROCESS
•
Procedure of HIRAC - GIL-ORGN-MGM-D-022
•
Format of HIRAC - GIL-ORGN-MGM-F-022
•
Sample HIRAC register – Batching Plant