MOLECULAR GENETICS – CENTRAL DOGMA ACTIVITY
1.
Complete the text with the following words: transcription tRNA two identical daughter molecules reach the ribosomes protein replication mRNA move out of the nucleus translation
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein”.
First of all, DNA performs (1) replication, which is the process by which the DNA duplicates itself obtaining (2)two identical daughter molecules from an initial DNA molecule.
Thanks to DNA (1)replication, life is able to pass on all the genetic information to the next generation.
The first step of gene expression is (3)Transcription. It is the process by which part of the genetic information is copied from its original form (DNA) into (4)messenger RNA, or mRNA. This is done in the nucleus of the cell. mRNA rewrites the sequence of bases of a section of DNA that code for building a specific protein. That section is called DNA template
(3'-5'). Once finished, (4)mRNA peels off the DNA and (5) moves out of the nucleus in order to (6)reach the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
The second step is (7)Translation or protein synthesis. In this stage, the mRNA is
"decoded" to build a (8)protein that contains a specific series of amino acids. This process takes place in the ribosome, where mRNA information is read by (9)tRNAs that pick up specific amino acids from the cytoplasm and brings them into position on the surface of a ribosome where they can be joined together in specific order to make a specific protein.
The information is read in codons (=triplets of RNA nucleotides or bases) One end of each tRNA has a sequence of three nucleotides called an anticodon, which can bind to specific mRNA codons.
2.
Look at the diagram (on the other side of the sheet) and complete what is missing:
 Numbers (they match with the previous exercise)
 DNA sequence
 mRNA sequence
 tRNA anticodons
 amino acids of the protein (use the genetic code)