Contents Approval sheet………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..i Declaration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iv List of figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vii list of tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vii List Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………viii List of symbols………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….viii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of problem ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Objective of the Research ................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 General Objective ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Research question ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Significance of the study .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Scope of the study............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Description of Study area ................................................................................................................ 6 1.5.1 Land form of study area ............................................................................................................ 6 1.5.2 Climate of study area ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5.3 Soil type of study area................................................................................................................ 7 2. Literature View ....................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Run Off Modeling ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 General Overview of Hydrological Models..................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Types of Hydrological Models ................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Description of Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT Model)................................................ 10 2.3.1 SWAT model application ....................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Benefits of SWAT model approach ........................................................................................ 13 2.3.3. Hydrology simulation process of watershed ......................................................................... 14 v 2.4 SWAT CUP..................................................................................................................................... 19 3. methodology.......................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 materials and methodology ............................................................................................................ 20 3.2.1 data collection ........................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Input data preparation, processing and analysis .................................................................. 21 3.2.3.Model Setup .............................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.4 Model Calibration and Validation......................................................................................... 22 3.2.5 Model performance evaluation criteria ................................................................................. 23 3.2.6 sensitivity analysis .................................................................................................................... 25 3.3 expected out put .............................................................................................................................. 25 3.4 Activity schedule ............................................................................................................................. 26 3.5 Financial Breakdown ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.Conclusions And Recommendation...................................................................................................... 27 References .................................................................................................................................................. 28 vi List of figures Figure 1: location of study area ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2:SWAT model set up flow diagram ............................................................................................... 22 List of tables Table 1:major land use type of Nashe watershed ........................................................................... 7 Table 2 Activity schedule of study ............................................................................................... 26 Table 3:Financial breakdown of study.......................................................................................... 26 vii List of Acronyms ARS Agricultural research service DEM Digital Elevation Model FAO Food Agriculture Organization GIS Geographic information system HRU Hydrologic Response Unit Km² Square Kilometer LULC Land use land cover LULCC Land use land covers change OADB PET Oromia Agriculture and Development Bureau Potential evapotranspiration SCS Soil conservation services SWAT Soil Water Assessment Tool SWAT CUP Soil and water assessment tool calibration uncertainty program List Of Symbols E East direction Km² Square Kilometer mm Millimeter M Meter N North direction r² regression coefficient viii