Student:..................................................
Keira High School
TAS Department
Stage 6
Preliminary
Industrial Technology Timber
Timber Products and
Furniture Technologies
Industry Related Manufacturing Technology
Fittings and Allied Materials
Index
Students learn about:
Materials
Fittings and allied materials
• hardware
– screws
– nails
– nuts
– bolts
– knockdown fittings
– hinges
– handles
– knobs
– staples/staple guns
• other materials
– composite materials
– glass
– metal
– polymers
– upholstery materials
– adhesives
Students learn to:
• identify and select appropriate
fittings and allied materials to use in
practical projects
2
Screws
Reference: www.timbertech.wikisaces.com
Preliminary Course > Industry Related Manufacturing Technology > Materials >
Hardware
When a screw is driven into timber the threaded shank of a screw cuts its way through
the fibres and this gives greater holding power than nails.
1. Name the parts of a screw
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Word Bank
Body
Core or root
diameter
Head
Length
Shank
Slot
Thread
Point
Twist
2. The types of screws are named after the shape of their heads.
Name the screws shown below
3. Name the type of screw which would be most suited to the following jobs.
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Jobs needing a flush finish
(hinges - furniture – brackets)
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Securing hinges to gates.
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Fixing decorative handles to
cabinets
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Constructing particle board boxes
using an electric drill and driver bit
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Fixing thin material to timber
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Securing plaster board to studs
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4. List the materials that screws maybe made from.
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5. List three types of finishes used on timber screws
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6. What is the advantage of the modern rolled thread over the machined thread?
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7. Name the types of drives shown below.
8. Length of screws
(a) What is the general rule when deciding the length of a screw?
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(b) Why should a longer screw be used when screwing into end grain?
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9. When drilling near the end of a board splitting of the timber may occur. How can this
be avoided?
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10. Boring for Screws – traditional wood screws or long threads
(Cross out the incorrect word)
Step 1:
The top member is bored with a drill size slightly larger/smaller than shank
diameter of the screw
Step 2:
Countersink if necessary / always required
Step 3:
In hardwood a pilot hole slightly less than the root diameter/ shank diameter
of the screw should be drilled
In softwood no pilot hole is required or a bradawl maybe used
Reference: A Guide to Modern Screws
1. Below are shown the traditional timber screw and a modern timber screw.
Compare three differences between the two screws
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2. No Pilot Holes
To eliminate the need for a pilot hole, many modern wood screws are self-driving.
Various serrations and grooves help ease the screw into the wood.
List three methods of creating a self-drilling screw
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3. Bridging
Threads that extend across a joint line can sometimes cause the two parts to
separate as the screw is driven home.
Describe how bridging can be avoided.
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Nails
1. Name the nails shown below and sate use for each.
Name
Picture
Use
2. What should be stated when ordering nails?
refers to the shape of the head or use
may range from 12mm – 150mm
refers to the diameter of the shank
steel (bright), brass etc
(if applicable) galvanised, zinc plated, florentine
in kilograms – blister packs sold by number
3.
Write an order to purchase the box of nails shown
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4.
How do you determine the required length of the nail?
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5. a) Draw sketches to distinguish between dovetail nailing and skew nailing.
b) Name the type of nailing from the definitions given.
The nails are angled towards each other and this
makes it a little more difficult for the two pieces of
wood to be pulled apart.
Used where the timber thickness or position
prevents normal nailing methods from being used.
6. Describe two times that it may be necessary to predrill a hole before nailing.
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7. a) Where are collated nails used?
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b) What materials are used to hold the collated nails together?
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Nuts and Bolts
Name the following bolts and match their uses.
Used instead of hexagonal bolt for a
more decorative and smooth finish.
Fasteners apply controlled pressure
between joint members.(bench tops)
Used to join larger members where
strength is required e.g. bunk beds
Used with connector bolts for making
strong right angle joints.
Used to joined units together such
as kitchen cabinets.
Used with T-nuts to secure table
legs to table tops
Use in timber, particle board or
composite materials. This fastener
will leave a flush surface that allows
the correct size bolt to be used in the
fixing
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Knock Down Fittings
Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com
Materials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Knock Down Fittings
Knock-down fittings are a modern way of joining materials quickly and easily without the
use of clamps and glue.
They allow products to be dismantled and assembled whenever necessary.
1. List three advantages of using knock down fittings.
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2. (a) Name the following type of knock down fitting.
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(b) Name two other knock down fittings shown below that the above fitting can be
used with to secure furniture members together.
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3. (a) Describe how a cam lock works.
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(b) Sketch a diagram of a cam lock.
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4. Name the following knock down fittings pictured below.
(a) ......................................................
(b) ..................................................
(c) ………………………………………
(d) …………………………………
Hinges
Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com
Materials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Cabinet Door Hinges
1. List the features of hinges that must be considered when selecting what type of
hinge to use.
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2. Differentiate between an overlay door and an inset door. (Use sketches to enhance
your answer)
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3. Hinge Finishes
Most cabinet door hardware comes in a variety of materials and finishes.
Name 6 types of finishes available for hinges.
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4. Identify each of the hinges below.
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Door / Drawer Knobs and Pulls
Name each of the cabinet hardware shown below.
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Latches
Identify each of the cabinet door latches shown.
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Shelf Supports
There is a wide range of adjustable shelf support. A few are shown below.
Adjustable Pilaster Standards and Clips
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Staples and Staple Guns
A staple gun or powered stapler is a handheld machine used to drive heavy metal
staples into wood, plastic, or masonry.
1.
List some applications for the staple gun
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2.
3.
List the forms of power by which staple guns use
to operate.
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What advantages do power operated staple guns have over hand-powered staple guns?
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16
Adhesives
Reference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com
Materials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Adhesives
The correct use of glue plays an important part in many wood-using industries, such as
furniture construction and cabinet making. Used mainly for securing pieces of wood
together, as for joints, inlaying, plywood and for fixing mouldings.
In general, surfaces to be bonded should be free from moisture, dust, dirt and grease
and the assembled parts should form a good fit.
Distinguish between the following glues.
Contact Adhesive
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P.V.A. (polyvinyl acetate)
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Urea-Formaldehyde
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Epoxy Resin
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Polyurethane Glue
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Resorcinal Glue
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1. Briefly describe the desired general condition of surfaces to be bonded with an
adhesive.
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2. PVA glue bonds instantly on contact
a. True
b. False
3. Which of the following does not apply to PVA glue?
a. White in colour
c. Completely waterproof
b. Ready to use glue
d. Cramping time around 3 hours
4. Which of the following could be bonded with PVA adhesives?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A metal plaque on a wooden shield.
b. A timber edge strip on a particleboard shelf.
c. Acrylic letters on a metal sign.
d. An aluminium extrusion to a piece of timber.
5. Which of the following does not apply to contact glue?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Natural rubber based adhesive.
Used to bond plastic laminate to manufactured boards.
Applied to both surfaces and allowed to become touch dry.
Bonds on contact.
6. What is the most suitable timber adhesive for furniture that is going to be used
outdoors?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Contact
Hot melt glue
Polyvinyl acetate
Resorcinol formaldehyde
7. At room temperature epoxy resin adhesives (not quick setting types) require a
holding or cramping time of:
a. One hour
c. Four hours
b. Two hours
d. Up to twenty-four hours
8. Briefly describe the constituents of epoxy resin adhesive and how it is prepared for
use.
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9. Which of the following materials would preferably be bonded with epoxy resin
adhesive?
a. Plastic laminate to wood
c. Wallpaper to plasterboard
b. Aluminium to glass
d. Vinyl sheet to flooring
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Complete the table below which compares the features of the adhesives.
Reference: A Guide to Woodworking Glues
Adhesive
P.V.A.
UreaFormaldehyde
Epoxy Resin
Contact
Adhesive
Polyurethane
Glue
Working
Time
Clamping
Time
Clean up
Main Properties
Uses