Name
Class
12
DNA
Date
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
1. What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
a. DNA was the transforming factor.
b. A protein was the transforming factor.
c. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor.
d. A lipid was the transforming factor.
2. What do bacteriophages infect?
a. mice.
b. humans.
c. viruses.
d. bacteria.
3. Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12–1 contains
genetic material?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
4. In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most
important?
a. nerve cells
c. sex cells
b. skin cells
d. bone cells
Figure 12–1
5. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
6. What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
a. The bases are both short.
c. They lack the deoxyribose group.
b. They lack phosphate groups.
d. The bases are both long.
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7. What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if both radioactive P and S were found
in the bacteria in their experiment?
a. The virus’s protein coat was not injected into the bacteria.
b. The virus’s DNA was not injected into the bacteria.
c. Genes are made of protein and carbohydrates.
d. Both the virus’s protein coat and its DNA were injected into the bacteria.
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8. Avery’s experiment worked because bacteriophages and bacteria share which component?
a. proteins
c. DNA
b. carbohydrates
d. lipids
9. Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
a. Franklin
c. Watson
b. Chargaff
d. Avery
10. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
11. Which of the following include all the others?
a. DNA molecules
c. chromosomes
b. histones
d. nucleosomes
Figure 12–2
12. In Figure 12–2, what is adding base pairs to the strand?
a. histones
c. DNA polymerase
b. nucleosomes
d. chromatin
13. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm. d. is circular.
14. What binds to the prokaryotic chromosome to start DNA replication?
a. replication forks
c. chromatids
b. regulatory proteins
d. telomeres
15. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not
radioactive sulfur?
a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
b. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
c. DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
d. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
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Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. The matching strand to the one in Figure 12–3, reading from the
bottom up, would be _________________________.
17. _________________________ are weak bonds that hold the two
strands of DNA together, but also allow the DNA to separate and
replicate.
18. Chromatin contains proteins called ______________________.
19. DNA replication is carried out by a series of
_____________________.
20. The tips of chromosomes are known as
_________________________.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions
on the lines provided.
21. Identify the three main components in the nucleotides
shown in Figure 12–4.
Figure 12–3
Figure 12–4
22. How did Avery build on Griffith’s work?
23. How did Hershey and Chase know that it was the DNA that had infected the bacterial cells in their
experiment?
24. During DNA replication, what two processes must occur before the two strands of a DNA
molecule can separate?
25. Identify one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.
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Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Griffith’s Experiments
Figure 12–5
26. Interpret Visuals What process did Griffith identify in the series of experiments in Figure 12–5?
27. Compare and Contrast In which experiments in Figure 12–5 do the mice live?
28. Explain What happened to the bacteria and the mice in Experiment 4, in Figure 12–5?
29. Predict What would happen if Griffith took some of the bacteria from Experiment 4 in Figure 12–
5, grew them on culture plates, killed them with heat, and mixed them with harmless bacteria?
How could he test this hypothesis?
30. Infer What can you infer about DNA and the bacterial cell membrane from Griffith’s experiments
in Figure 12–5?
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Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. How did Griffith arrive at the conclusion that a gene from one kind of bacteria transformed another
kind of bacteria?
32. How is DNA like a book? Explain your answer.
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33. Figure 12–6 shows a short segment of DNA. Explain how the
chemical components of a nucleotide give DNA a structure that
allows DNA to hold itself together and yet come apart for
replication.
Figure 12–6
34. Describe how two chromosomes separate after replication in a prokaryotic cell versus a eukaryotic
cell?
35. If you unraveled a eukaryotic chromosome, what would you observe as it became unraveled?
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