88
COSTA
RICA
EL SALVADOR
GUATEMALA
CHILE
BRAZIL
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
ARGENTINA
URUGUAY
PARAGUAY
BOLIVIA
VENEZUELA
COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
CUBA
Share of women researchers
in top region for this indicator
48.5%
Share of women researchers
worldwide
28.4%
TOGO
GHANA
BURKINA FASO
ZAMBIA
BURUNDI
RWANDA
SOUTH
AFRICA
KENYA
LESOTHO
UAE
QATAR
MADAGASCAR
MOZAMBIQUE
MALAWI
BAHRAIN
KUWAIT
PAKISTAN
SRI LANKA
INDIA
NEPAL
VIET NAM
MALAYSIA
THAILAND
CHINA
MONGOLIA
F E D E R A T I O N
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
UZBEKISTAN
OMAN
IRAN
AZERBAIJAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
ETHIOPIA
TANZANIA
UGANDA
EGYPT
ZIMBABWE
BOTSWANA
NAMIBIA
ANGOLA
GABON
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
LIBYA
CYPRUS
PALESTINE
IRAQ
ISRAEL JORDAN
ARMENIA
KAZAKHSTAN
R U S S I A N
Women have obtained gender parity in Southeast Europe and are on the
verge of doing so in the Caribbean, Latin America and Central Asia
SENEGAL
GAMBIA
MALI
MOROCCO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
Figure 3.2: Share of female researchers by country, 2013 or closest year (%)
PHILIPPINES
KOREA, REP.
JAPAN
UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT
44.4
44.3
44.3
40.2
36.8
34.2
33.1
30.0
27.2
22.5
16.9
Caribbean
Central Asia
Latin America
Eastern Europe
Arab States
European Free Trade
Association
European Union
Sub-Saharan Africa
West Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
Note: Data are unavailable for North America. The regional
averages are based on available data and are derived by using
the nearest year’s data, whenever data are missing for 2013.
48.5
Southeast Europe
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based
on data from its database, July 2015
Note: Data for the most recent year available since
2007. For China, data cover R&D personnel rather than
researchers. For Congo, India and Israel, data are based
on full-time equivalents rather than head counts.
Share of women researchers
in the European Union
ICELAND
33.1%
Data unavailable
55% or more
45–54.9%
35–44.9%
25–34.9%
15–24.9%
0–14.9%
Spotlight on Europe
PORTUGAL
IRELAND
SPAIN
DENMARK
NORWAY
FRANCE SWITZERLAND
ITALY
SLOVENIA
HUNGARY
LATVIA
ESTONIA
FINLAND
BULGARIA
GREECE
MACEDONIA
ALBANIA FYR
MONTENEGRO
TURKEY
CYPRUS
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
UKRAINE
BELARUS
LITHUANIA
BOS. &
HERZ. SERBIA
CROATIA
AUSTRIA
SLOVAKIA
POLAND
CZECH REP.
SWEDEN
GERMANY
LUXEMBOURG
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDS
UNITED KINGDOM
Chapter 3
Regional shares of female researchers,
2013 (%)
Is the gender gap narrowing in science and engineering?
89