ABSTRACT
Thi
swo
r
kd
e
al
se
xt
e
ns
i
ve
l
ywi
t
ht
hed
e
s
i
g
nandc
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
no
fane
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay
(
EOD)wi
t
haud
i
ouni
t
.Thed
e
vi
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay
st
heo
fahud
od
i
c
ei
nnumb
e
r
i
c
alf
o
r
m andal
s
o
p
r
o
d
uc
e
ss
o
undasi
td
i
s
p
l
ay
st
henumb
e
r
.
Thed
e
vi
c
ewo
r
kswi
t
hp
r
i
nc
i
p
l
eo
fc
hanc
ee
mp
l
o
y
e
eb
yl
ud
og
amep
l
ay
e
r
s
.Theo
ut
p
uto
ft
he
d
i
s
p
l
ayi
sus
ual
l
yve
r
yr
ap
i
dt
hatt
hep
l
ay
e
rd
o
e
sac
t
ual
l
ys
e
xt
henumb
e
rwhe
nt
hed
e
vi
c
ei
s
s
wi
t
c
he
do
ns
ot
hati
twi
l
lp
ur
e
l
yb
eag
ameo
fc
hanc
e
.Whe
nt
heo
f
fke
yi
sp
r
e
s
s
e
d
,
ap
at
e
l
l
ar
numb
e
ri
sd
i
s
p
l
ay
e
dandt
hi
snumb
e
ri
st
henumb
e
r
,
t
hep
l
ay
e
rg
o
t
.
Theo
p
e
r
at
i
o
no
ft
hed
e
vi
c
es
t
ar
t
sb
yt
heg
e
ne
r
at
i
o
no
fap
ul
s
ef
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
.Thep
ul
s
ef
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
(
s
q
uar
ewaves
i
g
nal
)g
e
ne
r
at
e
db
yt
i
me
s(
555t
i
me
s
)b
yc
o
nne
c
t
i
ngi
nani
ns
t
ab
l
emul
t
i
b
i
b
r
at
o
r
.
Theo
ut
p
utf
r
o
mt
hi
st
i
me
ri
sus
e
di
nc
l
o
c
ki
ngt
heb
i
nar
yc
o
unt
e
r(
mo
dt
oc
o
unt
e
r
)b
utt
hi
s
c
o
unt
e
ri
sb
i
as
e
dt
oc
o
untj
us
tf
r
o
mz
e
r
ot
hr
o
ug
hs
i
x(
06)aswehavei
nal
o
d
og
amed
i
c
e
.To
ac
hi
e
vet
hi
sb
i
asi
nt
hemo
d10c
o
unt
e
r
,
t
heo
ut
p
utf
r
o
m Qo
,
Q1andQ2we
r
ec
o
nne
c
t
e
dt
ot
he
r
i
s
e
tp
r
i
nss
ot
hato
nc
et
hec
o
unt
e
rf
i
ni
s
he
st
hec
o
unto
fs
i
xo
rg
o
e
sb
ac
kt
oz
e
r
o
.
Ther
e
s
ul
tf
r
o
mt
heb
i
nar
yc
o
unt
e
ri
st
he
nf
e
dt
ot
hed
e
c
o
d
e
rd
r
i
ve
rb
e
f
o
r
ec
o
nne
c
t
i
ngi
tt
os
e
ve
n
s
e
g
me
nts
ot
hatt
hed
e
c
o
d
e
rwi
l
lb
eab
l
et
oc
o
ve
r
tt
heb
i
nar
yval
ue
st
ot
hed
e
c
i
nalval
ue
st
hatar
e
b
e
i
ngus
e
di
nt
hel
ud
og
amed
i
c
e
.Thes
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntt
he
nd
i
s
p
l
ay
st
henumb
e
r
sb
yl
i
g
ht
i
ngt
he
d
i
o
d
e
st
hatmakeupt
hatp
ar
t
i
c
ul
arval
ue
.
Thi
sd
e
vi
c
ei
sb
e
i
ngr
e
g
ul
at
e
db
yal
at
c
h(
4e
d
g
et
r
i
g
g
e
r
e
df
l
i
p
f
l
o
p
e
)whi
c
hhast
wos
wi
t
c
he
s
,
o
ne
i
sus
e
df
o
rp
ut
t
i
ngt
hep
o
we
rs
up
p
l
yandt
heo
t
he
rt
wop
us
hs
wi
t
c
he
sf
o
rt
hewo
r
ki
ngo
ft
hed
i
c
e
d
i
s
p
l
ay
.
ORGANI
SATI
ONOFWORK
Theo
r
g
ani
z
at
i
o
no
ft
hi
swo
r
ki
si
ns
e
ve
nc
hap
t
e
r
s
:t
hef
i
r
s
to
nt
hei
nt
r
o
d
uc
i
ng
;t
hes
e
c
o
ndi
so
n
t
hel
i
t
e
r
at
ur
er
e
vi
e
w;t
het
hi
o
do
nt
hed
e
s
i
g
no
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
m;t
hef
o
ur
t
hd
e
al
swi
t
ht
he
c
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n(
i
mp
l
e
me
nt
at
i
o
n)
;f
i
f
t
ho
nt
het
e
s
t
i
ngandr
e
s
ul
t(
d
o
c
ume
nt
at
i
o
n)
;s
i
xt
ho
n
p
ac
kag
i
ngandt
hes
e
ve
nt
ho
nt
her
e
c
o
mme
nd
at
i
o
nandc
o
nc
l
us
i
o
n.
Thef
i
r
s
tc
hap
t
e
r
:i
nt
r
o
d
uc
t
i
o
ng
i
veag
e
ne
r
alvi
e
wo
fwhatt
hee
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay(
EDD)wi
t
h
aud
i
ouni
ti
sal
lab
o
ut
,
i
tl
i
s
t
st
hec
o
mp
o
ne
nt
sr
e
q
ui
r
e
d
,
i
t
sai
msando
b
j
e
c
t
i
ve
s
,
s
c
o
p
e
,
l
i
mi
t
at
i
o
ns
,
p
r
o
b
l
e
msandp
ur
p
o
s
eo
fs
t
ud
y
.
Thes
e
c
o
ndc
hap
t
e
r
:l
i
t
e
r
at
ur
er
e
vi
e
we
xp
l
ai
nst
hed
i
f
f
e
r
e
ntc
o
mp
o
ne
nt
,
t
hatmakeupt
hes
y
s
t
e
m,
t
he
i
rmake
upandho
wt
he
yo
p
e
r
at
e
.
Thet
hi
r
dd
e
al
so
nt
hed
e
s
i
g
no
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
m,
d
e
s
c
r
i
s
e
svi
vi
d
l
ye
ac
hc
o
mp
o
ne
nto
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
m,
t
he
i
r
o
p
e
r
at
i
ngmo
d
e
s
,
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
nsandap
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
ns
,
s
c
he
mat
i
cd
i
ag
r
am o
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
ms
ho
wi
ng
i
nd
e
p
e
nd
e
ntmo
d
ul
e
swhi
c
hf
unc
t
i
o
nt
o
g
e
t
he
rt
omakeupt
hes
y
s
t
e
m.
Co
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n,
t
hef
o
ur
t
hc
hap
t
e
rd
e
al
swi
t
ht
heac
t
ualc
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
no
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
m,
t
hed
e
s
i
g
n
r
e
q
ui
r
e
me
nt
,
t
he
o
r
yo
ff
unc
t
i
o
ni
ngo
fe
ac
hmo
d
ul
es
y
s
t
e
m,
b
r
e
akd
o
wno
ft
hemo
d
ul
es
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
andc
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n.Cal
c
ul
at
i
o
nsandc
ar
e
f
uls
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
no
ft
hec
o
mp
o
ne
ntval
ue
so
fe
ac
hmo
d
ul
ear
e
d
e
t
ai
l
e
di
nt
hi
sc
hap
t
e
r
.
Thef
i
f
t
hc
hap
t
e
rwhi
c
hi
so
nt
hed
o
c
ume
nt
at
i
o
nd
e
al
so
nt
heg
e
ne
r
ald
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
no
ft
hewo
r
k,
p
r
o
vi
d
e
se
as
eo
fmai
nt
e
nanc
eandus
ag
eo
ft
hes
y
s
t
e
m.
Pac
kag
i
ng
,
t
hes
i
xt
hc
hap
t
e
rl
i
s
t
st
hef
ac
t
o
r
st
hatwe
r
et
ake
ni
nt
oc
o
ns
i
d
e
r
at
i
o
ni
nt
hed
e
s
i
g
n
andc
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
no
ft
hep
ac
kag
e
.
Thes
e
ve
nt
handt
hel
as
tc
hap
t
e
r
,
r
e
c
o
mme
nd
at
i
o
nandc
o
nc
l
us
i
o
ng
i
ve
sag
e
ne
r
alvi
e
wo
fwhat
i
sc
o
nve
r
s
e
dandt
hei
mp
o
r
t
anc
eo
ft
hi
sd
e
vi
c
e
.I
tal
s
os
ug
g
e
s
t
e
dc
e
r
t
ai
nar
e
asf
o
rf
ur
t
he
rs
t
ud
i
e
s
.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Ti
t
l
ep
ag
e
Ab
s
t
r
ac
t
Or
g
ani
z
at
i
o
no
fwo
r
k
Li
s
to
ff
i
g
ur
e
s
Li
s
to
ft
ab
l
e
Tab
l
eo
fc
o
nt
e
nt
CHAPTERONE
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
1.
0
St
at
e
me
nto
fp
r
o
b
l
e
m
1.
1 p
ur
p
o
s
eo
fs
t
ud
y
1.
2 Ai
msando
b
j
e
c
t
i
ve
s
1.
3
Sc
o
p
e
1.
4
Li
mi
t
at
i
o
ns
1.
5
De
f
i
ni
t
i
o
nso
ft
e
r
ms
CHAPTERTWO
Li
t
e
r
at
ur
eRe
vi
e
w
CHAPTERTHREE
De
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
nandAnal
y
s
i
so
ft
heExi
s
t
i
ngSy
s
t
e
m
Or
g
ani
z
at
i
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
Ob
j
e
c
t
i
ve
so
ft
hee
xi
s
t
i
ngs
y
s
t
e
m
CHAPTERFOUR
De
s
i
g
no
ft
heNe
wSy
s
t
e
m
Out
p
uts
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
nandd
e
s
i
g
n
I
np
uts
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
nandd
e
s
i
g
n
Fi
l
ed
e
s
i
g
n
Pr
o
c
e
d
ur
ec
har
t
Sy
s
t
e
mf
l
o
wc
har
t
Sy
s
t
e
mr
e
q
ui
r
e
me
nt
CHAPTERFI
VE
I
mp
l
e
me
nt
at
i
o
n
Pr
o
g
r
am f
l
o
wc
har
t
CHAPTERSI
X
Do
c
ume
nt
at
i
o
n
CHAPTERSEVEN
Re
c
o
mme
nd
at
i
o
nandCo
nc
l
us
i
o
n
7.
1 Re
c
o
mme
nd
at
i
o
n
7.
2 Co
nc
l
us
i
o
n
Re
f
e
r
e
nc
e
LI
STOFFI
GURES
FI
G1.
0
andg
at
ed
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g1.
1
c
ap
ac
i
t
o
rd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g1.
2
s
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
01
b
l
o
c
ks
c
he
mat
i
cd
i
ag
r
am o
fane
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay
Fi
g3.
02
b
l
o
c
ks
c
he
mat
i
cd
i
ag
r
am o
fanaud
i
ouni
t
Fi
g3.
03
555t
i
me
rs
c
he
mat
i
cc
i
r
c
ui
td
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
04
555t
i
me
rb
l
o
c
kd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
05
555t
i
me
rc
o
nf
i
g
ur
at
i
o
n
Fi
g3.
06
p
i
no
utc
o
nne
c
t
i
o
no
fa555t
i
me
r
Fi
g3.
07a 555t
i
me
r
si
nas
t
ab
l
emo
d
e
Fi
g3.
07b t
i
mi
ngd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
08
J
kf
l
i
pf
l
o
ps
y
mb
o
l
Fi
g3.
09
d
e
l
ayf
l
i
p
f
l
o
pf
r
o
mJ
kf
l
i
p
f
l
o
p
Fi
g3.
10a d
e
l
ayf
l
i
p
f
l
o
pf
r
o
mJ
Kf
l
i
p
f
l
o
p
Fi
g3.
10b Df
l
i
p
f
l
o
pt
i
mi
ngd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
11
Dt
y
p
ef
l
i
p
f
l
o
pi
nTTL
Fi
g3.
12
Quad
andg
at
es
y
mb
o
l
Fi
g3.
13a Ci
r
c
ui
tb
l
o
c
kd
i
ag
r
am o
fad
i
g
i
t
alc
o
unt
e
r
Fi
g3.
13b Out
p
utwavef
o
r
ms
Fi
g3.
14a c
i
r
c
ui
tb
l
o
c
kd
i
ag
r
am o
fmo
d10c
o
unt
e
r
Fi
g3.
14b o
ut
p
utwavef
o
r
ms
Fi
g3.
15
Mo
d6c
o
unt
e
rus
i
ngd
e
c
ad
ec
o
unt
e
r
Fi
g3.
16
f
unc
t
i
o
nall
o
g
i
cd
i
ag
r
am o
fBCDt
od
e
c
i
mald
e
c
o
d
e
r
Fi
g3.
17
s
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntd
i
s
p
l
ayl
ay
o
utar
r
ang
e
me
nt
Fi
g3.
18
s
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntd
i
s
p
l
ayc
o
nne
c
t
i
o
ns
Fi
g3.
19
BCDt
os
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntb
l
o
c
kd
i
ag
r
am
Fi
g3.
20
7447BCDt
os
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntd
e
c
o
d
e
rd
r
i
ve
rf
unc
t
i
o
nal
Fi
g4.
01
t
o
pvi
e
wo
f7414
Fi
g4.
02
c
o
unt
e
rc
o
nf
i
g
ur
at
i
o
nf
o
rt
he7490A
Fi
g4.
03
t
o
pvi
e
wo
f7474
Fi
g4.
04
t
o
pvi
e
wo
fSN7447
Fi
g4.
05
t
o
pvi
e
wo
fc
o
mmo
nuno
d
ed
i
s
p
l
ay
Fi
g5.
01
o
ut
p
utwaveo
f555t
i
me
r
s
LI
STOFTABLE
Tab
l
e3.
1t
i
met
ab
l
ef
o
rs
Kf
l
i
p
f
l
o
p
Tab
l
e3.
2d
e
l
ayf
l
i
p
f
l
o
pf
o
r
msf
l
i
p
f
l
o
p
Tab
l
e3.
4andl
o
g
i
cg
at
et
r
ut
ht
ab
l
e
Tab
l
e3.
5t
ab
l
eo
fc
o
unt
e
ro
ut
p
uti
nvar
i
o
usf
o
r
ms
.
Tab
l
e3.
7b
i
dt
os
e
ve
ns
e
g
me
ntd
e
c
o
d
e
rt
r
ut
ht
ab
l
e
Tab
l
e4.
1aBCDc
o
unts
e
q
ue
nc
e
Tab
l
e5.
0p
r
o
c
e
d
ur
ec
har
t
Tab
l
e5.
1s
y
s
t
e
mf
l
o
wc
har
t
Tab
l
e6.
0p
r
o
g
r
am d
e
s
i
g
n
Tab
l
e6.
1p
r
o
g
r
am f
l
o
wc
har
t
CHAPTERONE
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
I
ns
t
r
ume
nt
at
i
o
ne
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
nghasad
vanc
e
dwi
d
e
l
ywi
t
ht
hei
nt
r
o
d
uc
t
i
o
no
fme
d
i
um s
c
al
e
i
nt
e
g
r
at
i
o
n(
MSI
)
,
l
ar
g
es
c
al
ei
nt
e
g
r
at
i
o
n(
LSI
)andve
r
yl
ar
g
es
c
al
ei
nt
e
r
g
r
at
i
o
n(
VLSI
)
.Fo
r
p
ur
p
o
s
eo
fac
c
ur
ac
yandr
e
l
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
,
anal
o
g
uei
ns
t
r
ume
nt
sar
eb
e
i
ngr
e
p
l
ac
e
db
yt
hed
i
g
i
t
alo
ne
s
.
Thee
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay(
DD)wi
t
haud
i
ouni
ti
samo
ngt
hi
sne
wb
r
e
ado
fi
ns
t
r
ume
nt
s
.
1.
0
STATEMENTOFPROBLEM
Thed
e
s
i
g
no
fane
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ayi
si
nve
nt
e
db
e
c
aus
eo
ft
heq
ue
s
tf
o
rr
e
d
uc
i
ngs
t
r
e
nuo
us
ac
t
i
vi
t
i
e
se
nc
o
unt
e
r
e
db
yman,
e
s
p
e
c
i
al
l
yi
nt
hear
e
ao
fi
t
sr
e
c
r
e
at
i
o
nalac
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
.Thi
sd
e
vi
c
ei
s
us
e
di
ni
nd
og
ame
.Thei
nd
og
amei
ni
t
smanualo
p
e
r
at
i
o
nc
anb
emani
p
ul
at
e
db
yt
hee
xp
e
r
t
ss
o
t
hati
tc
annol
o
ng
e
rb
eag
ameo
fc
hanc
e
.So
me
t
i
me
sp
l
ay
e
r
sc
ane
mp
l
o
yt
r
i
c
kso
nt
he
i
r
o
p
p
o
ne
nt
swhe
np
l
ay
i
ngt
heg
ame
,
f
o
re
xamp
l
e
,
o
ft
heb
o
t
hp
l
ay
e
r
sar
eno
tvi
g
i
l
ant
,
o
neo
ft
he
m
c
ane
ve
ntt
ho
ar
tt
hed
i
c
eandc
l
ai
me
dt
hatno
t
hi
nghap
p
e
ne
d
.Thep
l
ay
e
r
st
o
omayg
e
tt
i
r
e
daf
t
e
r
p
l
ay
i
ngt
woo
rt
hr
e
et
i
me
sb
e
c
aus
eo
ft
hes
t
r
e
s
si
ns
haki
ngandp
l
ay
i
ngt
hed
i
c
e
,
t
hef
r
e
q
ue
nt
hi
t
t
i
ngo
ft
hed
i
c
e
’
sc
ano
nt
hel
ud
ob
o
ar
dc
ane
ve
ng
i
vec
r
ac
ksi
nt
heg
l
as
sc
o
ve
r
i
ngt
hel
ud
o
b
o
ar
d
.Onec
ane
ve
ne
xp
e
r
i
e
nc
et
hed
i
c
eg
e
t
t
i
ngc
o
s
ti
nt
heg
ameb
e
c
aus
et
hed
i
c
ei
sve
r
ys
mal
ls
o
i
fc
ar
ei
sno
tt
ake
ni
tc
anf
al
lo
utf
r
o
mt
heb
o
ar
d
.Al
lt
he
s
ep
r
o
b
l
e
mswe
r
et
ake
ni
nt
o
c
o
ns
i
d
e
r
at
i
o
nb
e
f
o
r
ec
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
ngt
hee
l
e
c
t
r
o
ni
cd
i
c
ed
i
s
p
l
ay
.
1.
1 PURPOSEOFSTUDY
Ass
t
at
e
de
ar
l
i
e
r
,
t
hed
e
s
i
g
no
ft
hi
sd
e
vi
c
ei
st
ohe
l
pmanc
o
ng
ue
rhi
se
nvi
r
o
nme
ntwi
t
ht
he
ad
ve
nto
fme
d
i
um s
c
al
ei
nt
e
g
r
at
i
o
n(
MSI
)
,
i
nt
e
g
r
at
e
dc
i
r
c
ui
t
s(
I
C)c
anb
eus
e
dt
od
e
s
i
g
nd
e
vi
c
e
s
.
Thatc
anhe
l
pmanp
e
r
f
o
r
m hi
swo
r
ke
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
l
y
,
wi
t
hl
i
t
t
l
eo
rnos
t
r
e
s
sande
ve
ns
o
me
t
i
me
sata
c
he
ap
e
ri
nt
o
.Thed
e
vi
c
e
st
o
owi
l
le
r
ad
i
e
at
e
dal
lt
hes
t
r
e
s
s
,
t
r
i
c
ksandp
r
ankse
nc
o
unt
e
dwhe
n
p
l
ay
i
ngl
ud
og
ame
.
1.
2
AI
MSANDOBJ
ECTI
VES
Thed
e
vi
c
ewi
l
li
nc
r
e
as
et
hef
und
e
r
i
ve
di
np
l
ayt
heg
ame
,
e
ve
nl
i
t
t
l
eki
d
sc
anno
wj
o
i
ns
i
nc
et
he
y
o
nl
yne
e
dt
op
r
e
s
sb
ut
t
o
nsf
o
rt
hed
e
vi
c
et
owo
r
k.Theg
amewi
l
lno
wb
ep
r
ve
l
yb
as
e
do
nc
hanc
e
b
e
c
aus
eal
lb
i
aswi
l
lb
ee
r
ad
i
c
t
e
dnoe
xp
e
r
tc
anmani
p
ul
at
et
hed
e
vi
c
enomat
e
rho
wmanyt
i
me
s
y
o
uus
ei
t
.Theno
r
malp
he
no
me
no
no
fp
l
ay
i
ngt
r
i
c
kswi
l
lb
ei
nt
hi
ngo
ft
hep
as
t
.
1.
3
SCOPE
Thewo
r
kc
o
ve
r
e
dt
hep
l
ay
i
ngandd
i
s
p
l
ay
i
ngo
ft
henumb
e
rg
o
t
.Thi
sme
anst
hatt
hed
e
vi
c
ewhe
n
s
wi
t
c
he
do
nands
t
ar
tb
ut
t
o
ni
sp
r
e
s
s
e
di
twi
l
lb
er
ap
i
d
l
yd
i
s
p
l
ay
i
ngt
henumb
e
r
s
,
t
hati
s
,
al
lt
he
numb
e
r
so
fal
ud
od
i
c
eb
utwhe
nt
hes
t
o
pb
ut
t
o
ni
sd
r
e
s
s
e
dap
ar
t
i
c
ul
arnumb
e
rwi
l
lb
es
ho
wn
andt
hi
si
st
henumb
e
rt
hep
l
ay
e
rg
o
t
.Thi
sme
anst
hatt
hep
l
ay
e
rs
t
i
l
lne
e
d
st
og
e
tal
ud
ob
o
ar
d
andt
hes
e
e
d
sf
o
rt
heg
ame
.
Shar
eo
ns
o
c
i
alme
d
i
a:
Fi
ndWhatYo
uWantByCat
e
g
o
r
y
: