  EFאאא אאאא
Wא א
EFאאא
א
٠

  EFאאא אאאא
  
،،אא،א
 
 
  W
 
אאאאא אאאא  
אא،אאאאאא 
אאאא
אאאאאא
  Kאאא ؛ אא
א     א   א אא    
،אאאאא
אאא، א
א،אאאאאאאא
 אא אאא
،אאאאא אאא
א،אאאא
  E?
F א  א א
   
? א א 
 א  ?
  Kא
   
 א  ?

  Kאאאאאא
אאאאאא  
  ،א א אא          א 
אאא،א
  Kאא
  ؛א אאא  
  Kא
١

  EFאאא אאאא
  א

 א
  ١
  ٢
  ٤
  ٥
  ٧
  ١٠
  ١٤
  ١٨
  ٢٣
  ٢٨
  ٣٠
  ٣٤
  ٣٨
  ٤٢
   א
  
  א
  
 
 
 
  אאאאאאא
  אאאאא
  אאאאאא
א      א
  א
א     א
  א
א  אא א
     
    א א
  אא 
  Wאא
 
אא
אא
אא
  אאא
   אא
  אאאאא  אא א
א   א
  א
 א     א
  א
א     א
  א
  אאא  אאא

  W אא

אא
אא
  א א
  Wאא
٢

 
 
 
 
 
  ٦٦
 
٤٤
٥٠
٥٦
٥٨
٦٢
٧٠
  EFאאא אאאא
  א    א
   אא
א     א
  אא

 א
א
א
א
  אאאא
א    אאאא
  אא
 
א
אאאאאא
אאאאא
  אא
  א
  Wאאא
א א
  
א א
  
א א
  
 
٣

  EFאאא אאאא
  
 
אאאאאאא
א Kאאאאאא،אא
אKאאאא E Electrical Motors F א
 אא      א א א   א
אEאFאKאאאא א
(DC אאאאאא،א
  KE AC Supply Fאאאאאא  Supply)
 
א   E Power Electronic Circuits F א  א א 
، אאאאאאאא
אאאא،אאאאא 
א ،א א  א  ،א    א 
  Kאאאאא
 
א  אאאא
אאאE Electrical Machines F  א
 א  א א      א א    Kא
Kאאאאאאאא  א
א  א  א      א   א 
  W אאאאא
 
  Kאאאאאאא  Wאא
  Kאאאאאאא  Wאא
  Kאאאאאא  Wאא
א א א א א    א  Wאא א
  Kאאא
 
٤

  EFאאא אאאא
 
 
 
 
 
٥

  EFאאא אאאא
  W אא
  אאאאאאאאאא  
    W א  אא
אאא
Kאא
 ١K
א א   א א א   א  
K
Kאאאאא א
٢K
٣K
٤K אאאאאאא  א   
  Kא،
אאאא  א   
Kאא
٥K
 
 
٦

  EFאאא אאאא
  אא
  אאאא א
  אאאאאא
  Wאא
אאאאאאאאא
  Kאאאא
 
  Wאא
  Kאאא אא  J ١
  Kאאאאאא  J ٢
  Kאאאאאא  J ٣
  Kא  אאאאא  J ٤
 
 
  W אאא
، א  א  אא  אא א    א 
  W،אא  
 
  Wאאא  J 
  Kאא  J ١
  Kא  אא  J ٢
  Kאאא  J ٣
  Kאא  J ٤
  Kאאא  J ٥
  Kאאא  J ٦
  Kאאאא  J ٧
  Kאא אאא  J ٨
 
٧

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wאא  J 
Kאא א  J ١
K אא א  J ٢
  Wאאא  J 
  Kאאאאא  J ١
  Kאאאא  J ٢
  Kאאא   א   א   א  J ٣
  Wא  J 
KE Oscilloscope Fאא   J ١
KE Tachometer Fא   J ٢
KE Multimeter F אא  א א    J ٣
  EFWא
  W א 
  א    אאא    א ١K
א
  א  אאא
  א  אא
  א  אאא
  אא  א




 ، א  אא  אא  א   א ٢K
אאא
  אאא
  אא
  אאא
  א




٨

  EFאאא אאאא
 א   ،א א   א    ٣K
  K אא  
א، אא א 
 
 
  ؟אאאאאא
؟אאאאא
؟אאאאא
  ؟אאאאא
  Wאאאאא
  Kאאאא  J 
  Kאאאא   J 
  אא   J 
  אא   J 
  אא   J 

٩
٤K
  Kאא
 אאאאא א
אאאאא،אא، א
  א
  אאא 
 
א אא
אא
٥K
W אאא
  ؟אאאאאא
٨K
  Wאאאאאאא
 
  W
؟אאאאאא ١K
٢K
٦K
٧K
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
٧K


  EFאאא אאאא
א  א
       א
     א      א
W אא
  א  J
אאא   J
  אאא  J
 
  Wא
 
 
     א א  א  E ١  J ٢ F
  אא  
١٠

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wאאא
  אאא E Circuit Breaker F S  ١K
  E Armature Fאאא     
  אא   
א    E ٢ F 
אE
   
  
  אE ٢ F 
  ٢ F  
L א
 
  E
 
     
Wא
E ١ F ١K
 
Oscilloscope

א 
  

E
E
FאאE
٢
١
١
F
F
F
٢K
٣K
٤K
٨K
٦K
٧K
٤K
٥K
٢K
٣K
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא ١K
Armature Terminals EאF אאא    א  A2, A1
Field Terminals  א  א  F2, F1


 
  α Z ١٨٠ א א    א

E Armature F 
  אא

א  א  א א א 
EK Armature F אא
٢K
א  I f
אאאאא
א
٣K
١١

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
אאF  AC  אא     S  א 
E  α Z ١٨٠ א א   
אאEF،   α Z ١٨٠ אא   א
אא  א  I a
 א    
  α Z ١٥٠  א
     ، E Armature F א   א  א א  
Kא  א  V a
א
   N  א  ، E Armature F    I a
 א  V a
 א אא 
Kא E ١  J ٢ F אא
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K
אE ١  J ٢ Fאא  α אא
אא  V a
א
٨K
 
E ١  J ٢ F
 ٣٠  ٤٥  ٦٠  ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V a
א
  E A F  I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N א
  α Z ١٨٠ אאא،אאאא 
 
٩K
AC אא  S  א א K ١٠
אאא K ١١
Wאאאא K ١٢
 
V a
 I
KI f a
R a
 
١٢

  EFאאא אאאא
  EFWא
  W א
א  א  א  אא  א   א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא ٢K
אא ( Armature )
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α ) א
אאאא א
א  א
W אאא
  W
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
؟א، N א  α אאא عون ددح ١K
  ؟
 
  ؟אא  L א
؟אאאאאא
؟ Freewheeling Diode  א אאאא
؟ α = ٠ ةميقب سيلو α = ١٨٠ لاعشإ ةيوازب ءدبلا متي اذامل ،ايلمع ةبرجتلا ء א
٢K
٣K
٤K
٥K
 
 
 
١٣

  EFאאא אאאא
א  א
     א
    א א
 
W  אא
         א   J
   אאא
V a
 
  אאא  J
  Wאאא   J
א  α א  אא 
N  א α א  אא 
N א    V a
אא
N א I a
א   א


א  אאאא  J
   
  Wא  אא
  אאא E Circuit Breaker F S  ١K
  E Armature Fאאא    
  אא    
א   E ٤ F 
אE ٤ F  
L א
     
 
 
٢K
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
٧K
١٤

  EFאאא אאאא
 
  E
 
    
  Wא 
 E ١ F ١K
  
א
Oscilloscope

  

E
E
٢
١
FאאE
F
F
١ F
٢K
٣K
٤K
  Wא
 
 
     אאאE ١  J ٣ F
   א א
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא ١K
Armature Terminals EאF אאא    א A2, A1
Field Terminals  א  א  F2, F1
  α Z ١٨٠ א א    א



  אא 
 
١٥

  EFאאא אאאא
  E Armature F  א  א  א א א  
EK Armature F אא
א  I f
אאאאא  
א
אאF  AC אא     S  א 
E   α Z ١٨٠ א א   
אאEF ،   α Z ١٨٠ אא  א
אא א  I a
 א    
  α Z ١٥٠ א
    ، E Armature F  א   א  א א  
Kא  א  V a
א
   N  א  ، E Armature F   I a
 א  V a
 א אא 
KאE ١  J ٣ Fאא
אE ١  J ٣ Fאא  α אא
  אא  V a
א
E ١  J ٣ F
٢K
٣K
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K
٨K
 
 
 
 
  ٠  ٣٠
 
 
 
 ٤٥
 
 
 
 ٦٠
 
 
 
 ٩٠
 
 
 
 ١٢٠
 
 
 
 ١٥٠
 
 
 
 ١٨٠
 
 
 
  EF
  E v
 α
  E A
  E r.p.m
אא
F V a
א
F I a
א
F N א
  α Z ١٨٠ אאא،אאאא
AC אא  S  א א
٩K
K ١٠
אאא K ١١
Wאאאא  K
   
V a

KI
I f a
R a
١٢
١٦

  EFאאא אאאא
א   א 
  EFWא
  א
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא    .
٢
אא ( Armature )
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )     א
אאאאא
א אאאא
  EאאF
אא
.
٣
٦K
W אאא
א،EאFאא
٧K
  W 
١K
٤K
٥K
؟ א אאאאא
   א   א א   א   א 
؟אא
٢K
؟א  I a
אא
؟אאא  
؟אאא  L א
٣K
٤K
٥K
 
 
١٧

  EFאאא אאאא
 
 
אא א
  א      אא  א 
        

  Wאא
 א  אא א
    
W א
 
 
       אאE ١  J ٤ F
  א א  אא
١٨

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wאאא
  אאא E Circuit Breaker F  S  ١K
  אאא  
  אא 
אE
 
  א   E ٤ F 
 
٤
  
  

F   
א  א
  L א
 
  E
 
    
Wא
E ١ F ١K
 
Oscilloscope

א




E
E
FאאE
٢
١
١
F
F
F
٢K
٣K
٤K
٤K
٥K
٢K
٣K
٦K
٧K
٨K
  W  אא  א 
  Wאאא
אאא  ١K
Armature Terminals EאF אאא    א  A2, A1
Field Terminals  א  א  F2, F1


  α Z ١٨٠  א א  א
  אא


 E Armature F  א אאאא
EK Armature F אא
א  I f
אאאאא
א
אאF  AC  אא  S  
E  α Z ١٨٠  א א  
٢K
٣K
٤K
١٩

  EFאאא אאאא
  אא אWאאEF
   α Z ١٥٠    ١٨٠  אא 
 E Armature F א אאא
Kא  אא
٥K
٦K
א  N א، E Armature F   I a
א  V a
אאא
KאE ١  J ٤ Fא
٧ ، ٦ א אא  E ١  J ٤ Fא אאא  
א
٧K
٨K
  α Z ١٨٠ אא ٩K
אא  א Wא אEF
K ١٠ يف امك EאF אאא
א   ،
   א א
א EF א א    ٨  ،
D
٧  ، ٦
 אא א  
ليصوتلا ططخم
 ، ٥ אא  
אE ٢  J ٤ F
  α Z ١٨٠ אאאאאא
AC אא  S  א א
אאא
Wאאאא
K ١١
K ١٢
K ١٣
K ١٤
K ١٥
 
V a
 I
KI f
 
א א a
R a
E ١  J ٤ F
  ٣٠   ٤٥   ٦٠   ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V a
א
  E A F  I a
א
                E r.p.m
F N  א
 
٢٠

  ٣٠
  EFאאא
  ٤٥   ٦٠
א אE ٢  J ٤ F
  ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
אאאא
  EF  α  אא
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E v
E A
F V a
F I a
א
א
                E r.p.m
F N  א
 
  אא  א W
  W אא אאא
 אא  אא E ١٥٠ Fאא،א
אא א  א   ،א
  Kא  ،
  W אא  א אא  
א א  אא  א ،E ١٥٠ Fאא
 אא א  א   Kא  א
  KאאK E Armature F א אא
 
א   א 
  EFWא  
  W א
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
٢K אאא،א،אא   
אא ( Armature )
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )     א
אא    אא א  אא   אא
٣K
٤K
אאאאא
אא
٥K
٦K
٢١

  EFאאא אאאא
؟ אא
W אאא ٧K
  W 
؟אא  אא א ةدئاف ام ١K
אאאאא ٢K
؟
؟ א אאא  א
אא אאא  א
Fאאאא א
  اھيلع كتاظحلام بتك او ، E  א
٣K
٤K
٥K
٢٢

  EFאאא אאאא
  א  א
        א  א
  א    א
  Wא א
   
  


 E א  F  א    א 
א             
١K
  אאא
V a
 א
  Wאאא
 α א  אא 
N  א α א  אא 
N א   V a
 אא
N א  I a
א   א


٢K
٣K
،אאא E Circuit Breaker
  Wאאא
F S 
،E Dual switch Fאאאאא
١K
،א  B א  A א
  ٢ אא  ، EאאאFאא
  E Armature
  א  S2  S1
F אאא    
  אא    
A   א   E ٤ F 
  B  א   E ٤ F 
A 
B  
 אE
אE
٤
٤
F
F
 
 
٤K
٥K
٢K
٣K
٦K
٧K
٢٣

  EFאאא אאאא
L א
   
  Wא
 
٨K
٩K
   אא א  E ١  J ٥ F
אא
  E
 
    
Wא
E ١ F ١K
 
Oscilloscope

א




E
E
FאאE
٢
١
١
F
F
F
٢K
٣K
٤K
  Wא
  Wאאא
 אא ١K
Armature Terminals EאF אאא    א A2, A1 
Field Terminals  א  א F2, F1 
٢٤

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
 
  α Z ١٨٠ א  B א  A  א    א 
  B א  A אא 
E Armature F  א  א  א א א  
EK Armature Fאא
א  I f
אאאאא  
א
  α Z ١٥٠ אאא א  I a
 א
    ، E Armature F  א   א  א א  
٣K
 א  א F  AC א  א       S    ٤K
E   α Z ١٨٠  א  B א  A  א   
 
  W A א EF
   
E α Z ١٨٠  א  B  א   אF
  A   א  α  אאEFא ٥K
٦K
Kא  א  V a
א
   N  א   ، E Armature F    I a
 א  V a
 א אא 
KאE ١  J ٥ Fאא
אE ١  J ٥ Fאא  A   α אא
אא  V a
א
٢K
٧K
٨K
 
A א E ١  J ٥ F
 ٣٠  ٤٥  ٦٠  ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V a
א
  E A)  I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N א
 
٢٥

  EFאאא אאאא
 A  א    ،E ١  J ٥ Fאא
α Z ١٨٠  א
  
٩K
 
 
  W B אE  F
E α Z ١٨٠  א 
 
A  א   אF
 A  א   א      א א    א S
 S
1
א  ، EאאF  א  B 
E Dual
s witch F
 א   
 א  ٥ אF  B
א  S
2
א
EFאא אא K ١٠
E ٢  J ٥ Fא،E ٩
 
B אE ٢  J ٥ F
 
 
 
٠  ٣٠
 
 
 ٤٥
 
 
 ٦٠
 
 
 ٩٠
 
 
 ١٢٠
 
 
 ١٥٠
 
 
 ١٨٠
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V a
א
  E A F I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F  N א
א א  א ، B   
 
א  א א  א 
  α Z ١٨٠ א   B א A 
AC אא   S
2
  א א
אאא
Wאא אא
K ١١
K ١٢
K ١٣
K ١٤
 
V a
 I
KI f a
R a
 
 
٢٦

  EFאאא אאאא
  W 
 א    א    א 
א  – אא
: ( Dual Converter)  א
Fאא א   J ١
 א    א
B 
 F
 A אא  Eא
אא א   J ٢
  K אא   ، E  α Z ١٨٠    א   א
 
 
 
 
א   א 
  EFWא
  W א 
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא   
אא ( Armature )
٢K
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )     א
אאאאא
אא
  ؟ א  B א
W אאא
 A א نيب
  W 
نراق ١K
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
 
  ؟אא
؟אאא 
،אאאאאאא
  ؟
٢K
٣K
٤K
٢٧

  EFאאא
 אא
אאאא
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
אא  א
 א אאאא
٢٨

  EFאאא אאאא
 
  W אא
  א  אאא א אאאא א  
     W א  אא
א     א א א   א   ١K
 א  א   א אא א  
Kא
א    
K
אאאאאא  א   
א א   א        ، א
  K א
אאאא א   
 אא    א  א א   
  K א
٢K
٣K
٤K
٢٩

  EFאאא אאאא
  א  א
          א
   א     א
W  אא
         א    J
    א        אא
V a
 
  אאא   J
  Wאא א   J
א  α א  אא 
N  א  α א  אא
N א    V a
אא


N  א I a
א   א 
א אאאא   J
  
 
  Wא  אא
  אאאE Circuit Breaker F  S  ١K
  E Armature Fאאא 
  אא 
א  
אE
   
 
 
٣


E ٣ F 
F  
L א
 
    
Wא
E ٢ F ١K
     E ٢ F ٢K
٤K
٥K
٢K
٣K
٦K
٧K
٣٠

  EFאאא אאאא
  E
  א 
Oscilloscope
 E
FאאE
١
١
F
F
٣K
٤K
Wא
  א א  א E ١  J ٦ F
א    א  
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא   ١K
Armature Terminals EאF  אאא    א A2, A1 

Field Terminals  א  א F2, F1
  α Z ١٨٠  א א    א
  אא



E Armature F א אאאא  
EK Armature Fאא
٢K
א  I f
אאאאא  
א
٣K
٣١

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
אאF  AC אא    S  א 
E   α Z ١٨٠  א א  
אא  EF،   α Z ١٨٠ אאא
אא  א  I a
 א  
  α Z ١٥٠ א
، E Armature F א א  אא
Kא  א  V a
א
  N א، E Armature F   I a
א  V a
 אאא
KאE ١  J ٦ Fאא
אE ١  J ٦ F אא α אא
אא  V a
א
 
E ١  J ٦ F
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K
٨K
 ٣٠
 
 
 ٤٥
 
 
 ٦٠
 
 
 ٩٠
 
 
 ١٢٠
 
 
 ١٥٠
 
 
 ١٨٠
 
 
  EF
  E v F V a
א
  E
 α
A
אא
F I a
א
               
  α Z ١٨٠ אאא،אא אא
AC אא  S  א א K ١٠
٩K
אאא K ١١
Wאאאא K ١٢
 
V a
 I a
R a
KI f
 
 
٣٢
  E r.p.m
F N א

  EFאאא אאאא
  W א
   ،אא  א  ، א  אא     J ١
  א א   ،   א     ،   א     
K  
  א אאאאאאאא  J ٢
 א         ،
 א  א
 א    א 
K ، א
 ،
،
א

א   א 
  EFWא
  Wא
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא     
אא ( Armature )
.
٢
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )      א
אאאאא
א אאאא
  EאאF
W
אא
אאא
.
٣
אאא
  W 
אאאאא א ١K
٦K
٧K
٤K
٥K
אא،אאאאא  V a
 א  ٢K
؟
אא،אאא  N א
؟
٣K
٣٣

  EFאאא אאאא
  אא
     א
  א     א
W  אא
         א   J
     א         אא
  אאא  J
V a
 
  Wאא א  J
א  α א  אא 
N א  α א  אא 
N א    V a
אא 
N א  I a
א   א 
א       אאאא   J
 
  Wא  אא
  אאאE Circuit Breaker F S حاتفم
  E Armature Fאאא    
  אא    
א   E ٣ F 
אE ٣ F  
א E ٣ F 
L א
     
١K
٢K
٧K
٨K
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
٣٤
 

  EFאאא אאאא
E
 
    
Wא
E ١ F ١K
 
Oscilloscope

א




E
E
FאאE
٢
١
١
F
F
F
 
٢K
٣K
٤K
Wא
 
  א אאE ١  J ٧ F
אא  
 
 
  Wא  אא
Wאאא ١K
Armature Terminals EאF  אאא    א A2, A1

Field Terminals  א  א  F2, F1 
  α Z ١٨٠  א א    א 
٣٥

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
 E Armature F א
  אא 
אאאא  
EK Armature Fאא
א I f
אאאאא  
א
אאF  AC אא  S  א  
E   α Z ١٨٠  א א  
אאEF،   α Z ١٨٠ אא  א
אא  א  I a
 א    
  α Z ١٥٠ א
    ، E Armature F  א   א 
   N  א  ، E Armature F   
א א 
I a
 א  V a
 
Kא  א  V a
א
א אא 
KאE ١  J ٧ Fאא
אE ١  J ٧ F אא  α אא
אא  V a
א
٢K
٣K
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K
٨K
 
E ١  J ٧ F
 ٣٠
 
 
 ٤٥
 
 
 ٦٠
 
 
 ٩٠
 
 
 ١٢٠
 
 
 ١٥٠
 
 
 ١٨٠
 
 
  EF
  E v F V a
א
  E
 α
A
 אא
F I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N  א
  α Z ١٨٠ אאא،אאא  א  ٩K
AC אא    א א K ١٠
אא  א K ١١
Wאאאא   K ١٢
٣٦

  EFאאא אאאא
 
V a

KI f
I a
R a
אE ٣
  W א
Fאאאא  J
אE DC Fאאא  א E ٣ F
 E Ripple F א     א ،א א   
   א
    ١٢٠ אאא  J
 
א   א 
  EFWא
  W א
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא     
אא ( Armature )
٢K
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )      א
אאאאא
א        אאאא
  E א אF   
W
אא
אאא
٦K
٧K
  W 
٣K
٤K
٥K
א؟אא  א א ١K
؟אאא  אאאא ٢K
 Fאאאא
 א،Eא
א ٣K
٣٧

  EFאאא אאאא
 F א א   א    א  ٤K
  ؟،Eא
 
٣٨

  EFאאא אאאא
א  א
     א
  א    א
 
W  אא
         א    J
      א      אא 
  אאא   J
V a

  Wאאא   J
א  α א  אא 
 N  א  α א  אא
N א    V a
אא
N א I a
א   א


א       אאאא   J
  
 א             אא  א א   -
  
  Wא  אא
  אאאE Circuit Breaker F S 
  E Armature Fאאא    
  אא    
א   E ٦ F 
אE ٦ F  
L א
       
١K
٥K
٦K
٧K
٢K
٣K
٤K
٣٩

  EFאאא אאאא
 
    
Wא
E ١ F ١K
    E ٢ F
א   E ١ F
  E Oscilloscope FאאE ١ F
٢K
٣K
٤K
  Wא
 
  א  אא E ١  J ٨ F
אא  
 
Armature Terminals
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא ١K
EאF  אאא    א  A2, A1

Field Terminals  א  א F2, F1 

  α Z ١٨٠  א א    א 
  אא 
E Armature F א אאאא   ٢K
٤٠

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
EK Armature Fאא
א  I f
אאאאא  
א
אאF  AC  אא   S  א  
E   α Z ١٨٠ א א  
אאEF  ،   α Z ١٨٠ אאא
אא א  I a
 א    
  α Z ١٥٠ א
    ، E Armature F  א   א  א א   
   N  א  ، E Armature F    I a
Kא  א  V a
א
 א  V a
 א אא  
KאE ١  J ٨ Fאא
אE ١  J ٨ Fאא α אא
אא  V a
א
E ١  J ٨ F
٣K
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K
٨K
 ٣٠  ٤٥  ٦٠  ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V a
א
  E A F I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N א
  α Z ١٨٠ אאא،אאאא   ٩K
AC אא  S  א א K ١٠
א אא K ١١
Wאאאא  K ١٢
 
V a
 I a
KI f
R a
٤١

  EFאאא אאאא
א   א 
  EFWא
  W א
 א  אא  א  א 
א
١K
אאא،א،אא    ٢K
אא ( Armature )
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، α ) ، ( V a
، α )      א
אאאאא
א       אאאא
E א אF  
 א       אאאא
.
٣
٦K
E א אF
אא
W אא  א
  W 
  ؟אאאא لھ ١K
٧K
٨K
٤K
٥K
٢K

  Wאא
  EאFאאא   J 
  Eא Fאאאא   J 
  EאFאאא   J 
 

؟א؟אא   J 
٤٢

  EFאאא אאאא
 
 א א
א  א        א
א  א   א
٤٣

  EFאאא אאאא
  W אא
  א אאאאא  א 
     א א א  
     W א  אא
א   א   ١K
אא
א אאא  א ٢K
א
אא  א  א א   א   
K א
אאא אא
  Kא،א
אאאא  א   
Kאא
٣K
٤K
٤٤

  EFאאא אאאא
   א א
  אא  א        א
 
Wאא
    א  J
  אא   אאאא
  אאא  J
V a
  א E f  א
  Wאאא  J
 F  k א א 
N  א E f אF  k א א 
N א    V a
 אא
N  א  I a
א   א


 א    א 
DC
אא     
DC Chopper
אא  א  
א  א אא ،א 
DC
אא 
    א   א  
DC
    
ON-OFF
   א 
( PT )
  K א א

  אא
:
א  
E Pulse Width Modulation F PWM א ١K f אא  T on
אא
E Pulse Frequency Modulation F PFM א
 
T on
אא  f אא  
א 

E PWM א F אא
٢K
٤٥

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wא
   א  א אא  א  E ١  J ٩ F
אא  א א  א     
  Wא  אא
אאE Circuit Breaker F S  E ١ F
  א  DC
 א  א    א   DC     
  E Armature F
אא  DC   
  E   א אא F MOSFET    IGBT     א  E ١ F  
א
 א E PWM  א   F   
אE PFM א  F  
אE ١ F
٤٦
١K
٢K
.
٣
٤K
٥K
٦K
٧K

  EFאאא אאאא
 
L א

 
     
Wא
E ١ F ١K
  
א 
  

E
E
٢
١
F
F
٢K
٣K
E Oscilloscope FאאE ١ F ٤K
٨K
٩K
Armature Terminals 
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא ١K
EאF  אאא    א  A2, A1

Field Terminals  א  א F2, F1
 k Z 0        PWM  א      א f Z 0      PFM א    א



 
Q
אאא 
E Armature F א אאאא  
EK Armature Fאא
٢K
א  I f
אאאאא   ٣K k Z 0  א  
א
  PWM אאWאא
   PWM א   א
 
٤K
  f Z 2 kHz
   k
א 
אא  DC 
Z 0 א 
א
  PWM 
 א
א   
א   S 

א  
  א   א
 אא א  I a
א  
א   א א א    ، k Z 0.2
 א     א
Kאא  V a
א،E
Armature
F
א ٥K
٦K
٧K
٤٧

1.0
  EFאאא אאאא
א  N א،E
Armature
F   I a
א  V a
 אאא  
KאE ١  J ٩ Fא
٨K
אE ١  J ٩ Fאא  k א    ٩K
אא  V a
 א
 k Z 0 אא  ، אאאאאא K ١٠
Kאא  f Z 0 א
E ١  J ٩ F
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
  k א  
                  E v F V a
א
                  E A F I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N  א
  P F M א   אW א א
  f Z 0  א   PFM א    א K ١١ k Z 0.5
      PWM א    א K ١٢
     f Z 0 א    PFM א   א K ١٣
      א א   א   I a
  א   
א   א א א    ، f Z 100Hz       א
Kאא  V a
א،E
Armature
F
א  N א،E
Armature
F   I a
א  V a
 אאא   K ١٤
KאE ٢  J ٩ Fא
 אא F  ، E ٢  J ٩ F  א א  f  א      K ١٥
 Eא  ، אא  ،אא  אא
אא  V a
 אא
 
٤٨

  EFאאא אאאא
E ٢  J ٩ F
5000
 
 
3000
 
 
2000
 
 
1500
 
 
1000
 
 
800
 
 
400
 
 
100
 
 
  E Hz F f א  
  E v F V a
א
  E A F I a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N  א
 
 k Z 0 אא ،אא אא אא   K ١٦
Kאא f Z 0 א
אא  DC א  אא   S  א א K ١٧
אאא K ١٨

W אא   א  K ١٩
  V a
= (T on
*f) V s
= k*V s
V a

T on
T
V s

   
V a
 I
KI f a
R a
  EFWא
  W א
א   א   א  אא  א  א  ١K
،א  ، f א   ، k  א      
א
  
אא ( Armature ) אאא
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، k ) ، ( V a
، k )      א
( I a
، N ) ، ( V a
، N ) ، ( N ، f ) ، ( V a
، f )      א
א  אאאא
אא
.
.
.
٢
٣
٤
٥K
٦K
٤٩

  EFאאא
אאאא
W אא א
؟ אאא אאא
٧K
  W 
١K
؟א  D אא ٢K
٣K   PWM א  אאא
؟אא؟ PFM  א
؟ ؟א אאאאא ٤K
٥٠

  EFאאא אאאא
  א  א
אאא           א
 
  א  א   א  א 
  W א א
א    J
        א   J
  אא  אאאא
  אאא     J
  אאא   J
  אאא   J
T b
T b
  Wאאא   J
א   k א א 
א  V a
  א  א 
T b
א   R b
א א 
  Wא  אא
  S3  ,S2 ,S1  אE Circuit Breaker FE ٣ F ١K
٢K  א  א    א   DC    
  E Armature F
  אא DC 
א  Eא אא F  MOSFET    IGBT   א E ٢ F 

٣K
٤K
Q2 ، Q1 אE PWM אFא E ٢ F
Q2 ، Q1 אE PFM אFא E ٢ F

אE ١ F
، EאF    ٢٣٠٠ 
٧K
٨K
٥K
٦K
٥١
 

  EFאאא אאאא
א  I a

L א ٩K
 K ١٠
 
 
    
Wא
E ١ F ١K
     E ٢ F ٢K
א 
( Stop-Watch)
 E
 E
١ F
١ F 
E Oscilloscope FאאE ١ F
٣K
٤K
٥K
  Wא
 
 
  אאא
אאא   
E ١  J ١٠ F
   
٥٢

  EFאאא אאאא
 
 
Armature Terminals
 
  Wאאא
Wאאא ١K
EאF  אאא    א  A2, A1

Field Terminals  א   א  F2, F1

 PFM א     ، PWM א    f Z 0   k Z 0   

   , Q1 ,Q2
  
 א
א 

Q2, Q1 אאא 
  S3 אאאE R b
=2300 Ω Fאא  
E Armature F א אאאא 


EK Armature Fאא
א  I f
אאא  אא  
 k Z 0.5
     PWM א   ، Q2  אא    א 
א
  f = 500 Hz   PFM א
א
٢K
٣K
٤K f = 2 kHz  א    Q1 א PFM א    א
     Q1 א PWM  א   א k Z 0  א
 
  T b
 א  k א  Wאא
D  אא   S2   א    ٧K
אא
 k Z 0 א Q1 א 
 DC א  אא  S1 א
PWM א א
٨K
٩K
٥K
٦K
אא א I a
א      
אא، k Z 0.2
א  PWM  א 
א E
Armature
Fאא
٥٣

1.0
 
  EFאאא אאאא
KאE ١  J ١٠ Fאא  N א، V a
 אאא K ١٠
E אא F א   ، א
،E אא  DC אאא   F S1  א א
K

١١
 E R b
א Q2 אאF  S3 א 
D EאאF  S2 א א 
א   E S2 F א    T b
 א  k Z 0      Q1 א  PWM  א     א K ١٢
  א  ( S3 ) אא K ١٣
Q1 א  k א   E ١  J ١٠ F   T b
א   K ١٤
 k א  א E ٩ אF E ١٤   ٧ Fאא  K ١٥
אE ١  J ١٠ F  א
  א  ،א  א  א א א  א  K ١٦ k Z 0        Q1  א  PWM א 
 
E ١  J ١٠ F 
0.9
 
0.8
 
0.7
 
0.6
 
0.5
 
0.4
 
0.2
  k א  
  Q1 א
  E v F V a
א
                  E r.p.m
F N א
                  T b
א
 
  T b
א  R b
א  Wאא
 ، EאF    R b
     א K
( S3 ) אא E ٢  J ١٠ Fא
١٧
D  אא   S2  א    K ١٨
אא  DC אאא  S1  א   K ١٩
٥٤

  EFאאא אאאא
 k Z 0 א  Q1  א  PWM אא K ٢٠
אא א  I a
א   
אא، k Z 0.5
א  PWM  א
א E Armature Fאא
אאא E ١٣   ١٠ Fאא K ٢١
אא  R b
אE ٢  J ١٠ F   T b
א   K ٢٢
  א    R b
 E ٢٢   ١٧ Fאא K ٢٣
E ٢  J ١٠ F א
   א ،א  א  א א א  א  K ٢٤ k Z 0 א   Q1  א PWM א
אא  DC א  אא  S1  א   א K ٢٥
אא  א K ٢٦

Q2, Q1
 אE PFM א  PWM אF א   א K ٢٧ f Z 0   k Z 0   
E ٢  J ١٠ F 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  E Ω F R b
א
  E v F V a
א
  E r.p.m
F N א
                  T b
א
  E N  א  V a
א F    ، E ٢  J ١٠ Fא
 

  k Z 0.5
   Q1 א PWM  א
 
 
 
 
٥٥

  EFאאא אאאא
 
  EFWא
  W א
  V a
 א אאאאא ١K
א،א ، f  א ، k א     
אא

אא ( Armature ) א א
٢K
E ١  J ١٠ Fא
E ٢
( T b
، N ) ، ( T b
، V a
) ، ( T b
، k )
 J ١٠ Fא  ( T b
، R b
)

 
 

 
 
א
א
אאאא אא  
א א
W אא א ٧K
  W 
٥K
٦K
٣K
٤K
  ؟، T b
א  k אא ام ١K
  ؟، T b
א  R b
אא ٢K
א א،אאא 
א
٣K
٥٦

٤

  EFאאא

אאאא
 
אאא
 א א  א א
٥٧

  EFאאא אאאא
  W אא
  אאאאאאאא

    W א  אא
אאא  אא א ١K
 אא  אא א  אא ٢K
א א
  אאא 
אא אאא א  ٣K
K
אאאא  א   
 
Kא

٥٨

  EFאאא אאאא
     א  א
  א אאא
  אאא   
  
  Wאא
 א  א א     א   J
   א א      אא  א
אא  א    אאא  J
V
1
  א
  W אאא   J
  α א 
  אא
אא  n  א  α א  אא  n א   V
1
 א א n א  I
1
 א    א


אE Circuit Breaker F
  Wא  אא
S  E ١ F ١K
  
אאא  א ٢K
אE ٦ F ٣K
אE ٦ F
     א
٤K
٥K
     
Wא
E ١ F ١K
      E ١ F
  א   E ١ F
E Oscilloscope FאאE ١ F
٢K
٣K
٤K
٥٩

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wא
       אא  א E ١  J ١١ F
  אא א     א
 
  Wאאא
אא א ١K
K א  אאאא  
  α Z ١٨٠   א   א    א
א  א   
אאF  AC אא  S 
E α = ١٨٠ אא
אאEF،   α Z ١٨٠ א   א  א
  ، אא  א  I a
 א    
  α Z ١٥٠ א
٦K
٢K
٣K
٤K
٥K
٦٠

  ٠
 
 
  EFאאא אאאא
 V
1
 א     ، א   א  א א  
Kא  א 
אא  n א،  I
1
א  V
1
 אאא
٧K
٨K
KאE ١  J ١١ F
אE ١  J ١١ Fא א  α אא ٩K
אא  V
1
א
  α = ١٨٠ אאא،אאאא   K ١٠
AC אא  S  א א K ١١
א  א K ١٢
E ١  J ١١ F
 ٣٠  ٤٥  ٦٠  ٩٠  ١٢٠  ١٥٠  ١٨٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  EF  α אא
  E v F V
1
א 
  E A F I
1
א 
                  E r.p.m
F n א
  EFW א 
  W א
א  א   א  אא  א  א  ١K
א
  א א ،א  ،א א      .
٢
אא  א
( I
1
، n ) ، ( V
1
، n ) ، ( n ، α ) ، ( V
1
، α )  א .
٣
א אאאא
אא
٤K
٥K
٦١

  EFאאא אאאא
W אא  א ٦K
  W 
  ؟אאאאא ١K
אאא
אא

אא،א
 α אאא
אאא  אא
٢K
٣K
٤K
 
٦٢

  EFאאא אאאא
  א  א
  אאאאא  א
 
   
  Wאא
 א  א א     א   J
   א     א  א
א  א 
V
1
 
  Wאאא   J
א  α א  אא  n
א   אאא  J
  אא
א α א  אא n א   V
1
 א א

 n  א  I
1
א   א 
  Wא  אא
אE Circuit Breaker F S  E ١ F ١K
  
  א    א ٢K
٣K
٤K
א  אאאE ٦ F
א  Eא אא F  MOSFET    IGBT     א E ٦ F 
אא  
אאE PFM אF  
אא E PWM אF  
אאאאאE ٦ F
אאא  L א
  א
٧K
٨K
٩K
٥K
٦K
٦٣
 

  EFאאא
  
אאאא

٦٤

  EFאאא
אאאא
 
      E ١
Wא
F ١K
      E ١ F
א   E ١
E Oscilloscope FאאE ١
F
F 
٢K
٣K
٤K
  Wא
 
    אאאE ١  J ١٢ F
  אאא  
 
  Wאאא
 
א אאאא
אאאא 
  ( Pulse Frequency Modulation )
אא
PFM
א ١K
    אא  PFM א א
f Z 0
٢K
٦٥

  EFאאא אאאא
    א א  PWM  א     א
k Z 0  
א     א  א א א  
K א א
א א  AC  אא   S א  
  אא  PWM  א א
    א א   PFM  א
k Z 0.5     
       א
א  א  I a
 א        f = 0 א
א ، f = 100Hz    א  א
Kאא  V
1
א  א אא
 א    n
 א  ،    I
1
 א  V
1
 א אא  
KאE ١  J ١٢ Fא
 א א   א א  f  א     
،אא،אא  א א אאF، E ١  J ١٢ F
 V
1
 א       א   Eא    
 אא 
٣K
٤K
٧K
٨K
٩K
٥K
٦K
 
E ١  J ١٢ F
5000
 
 
3000
 
 
2000
 
 
1500
 
 
1000
 
 
800
 
 
400
 
 
100
 
 
  E Hz F f א  
  E
  v
E A
F V
1
F I
1


א
א


                  E r.p.m
F n  א
 
 k Z 0 אא ،אא אא אא   K ١٠
אא  אא f Z 0 א
AC  אא  S  א א K ١١
٦٦

  EFאאא אאאא
  f Z 0   אאא אא K ١٢
k Z 0
א א K ١٣
  EFWא
  Wא
א  א  א  אא  א  א  ١K
א
 א א ،א ، f  א       ٢K
אא  א
( I
1
، n ) ، ( V
1
، n ) ، ( n ، f ) ، ( V
1
، f ) א
אאאאא
אא
אאאאאא 
  ؟אא
٥K
W אא  א
  ؟אאא
٦K
  W 
  ؟אא،אא ١K
٢K
٣K
٣K
٤K
٦٧

  EFאאא אאאא
   א א
  א  א  א  א
  א  אא  
 אא   א  א א    
  Wאא
א 
  א  א
 J
V
2
   אאא
  אאא   J
  W א אאא   J
  α א  אא  n  א  α א  א  א  n א    V
2
   אאא  א 
 
  Wא
 
 
  אא א  א  E ١  J ١٣ F
  אאא  א  א
٦٨

  EFאאא אאאא
  Wא  אא
אE Circuit Breaker F  S  E ١ F K ١٠
  
א K ١١
  א    א  ،א   E ٦ F K ١٢
א  E ٦ F    K ١٣
  ٢٠٠٠   K ١٤
א K ١٥
    
Wא
 E ١ F ١K
      E ١ F
       E ١ F
  א   E ١ F
  E Oscilloscope FאאE ١ F
٣K
٤K
٥K
٢K
  אא  א 
  Wאאא
אא ١K
  α Z ١٨٠   א   א   א א ٢K
א  א אאאא ٣K
K א א
א א  AC א א   S א 
 ،   α Z ١٥٠   א   א   א  א
א   V
2
א   א אאא
Kא
    I
R
א،  V
R
א  n א،  V
2
אאא   ٦K
٤K
٥K
٦٩

  EFאאא אאאא
KאE ١  J ١٣ Fאא  
א א    א    אא    א     ٧K
א  V
2
 א     ، ٦    א   E ١  J ١٣ F 
א
 
 
 
٠ ٣٠
 
 
 
٤٥
 
 
 
٦٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
E ١  J ١٣ F
٩٠ ١٢٠
 
 
 
 ١٥٠
 
 
 
  E v F V
2

    α א
  אאא 
  E r.p.m
F  n א
V
R
א
                I
R
א
   א א،אאאאאא
  α Z ١٨٠
AC אא  S  א א ٩K
א  א K ١٠
 
٨K
  EFWא
  W א
א  א  א  אא  א  א  ١K
א
א א،א، α  א א   .
٢
אא    אא
( V
2
، n ) ، ( n ، α ) ، ( V
2
، α ) א .
٣
אאאאא ٤K
٧٠


  EFאאא אאאא
W
אא
אא  א
  W 
  אא  V
2
، α  אא ١K
  אא  n ، α אא ٢K
٥K
٦K
  א  R אאאא
  ٣K ، ٢ ، ١ אא
  ؟אא  א
٣K
٤K
٥K

٧١

  EFאאא אאאא
 
  א
 
  א
Austin Hughes, Heinemann Newnes,
1990
Gopal K. Dubey Prentice Hall, 1989
ISBN:0-13-686890-8
M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall, 1994
ISBN:81-203-0869-7
W. Shepherd, L. M. Hulley, and D. T.
W. Liang, Cambridge, 1995
  L
  אא

Electric Motor and Drives: Fundamentals,
Types and Applications
 Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives

Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and applications
 Power Electronics and Motor Control
  אא
 
٧٢