IBM Platform LSF®
Best practices
Using Affinity Scheduling in IBM
Platform LSF
Rong Song Shen
Software Developer: LSF
Systems & Technology Group
Sam Sanjabi
Senior Software Developer
Systems & Technology Group
Issued: October 2013
Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 3
Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4
Cluster Configuration.......................................................................................... 5
Configuring LSF to load the affinity scheduling plugin .......................... 5
Enabling and disabling affinity scheduling on batch hosts ..................... 5
Viewing Affinity Information for Hosts ........................................................... 6
Submitting and Monitoring Affinity Scheduling Jobs.................................... 7
Example 1: A job requesting 2 cores ............................................................ 7
Example 2: A job with a memory requirement.......................................... 8
Example 3: A more complex allocation ...................................................... 9
Example 4: Verifying the bindings of running tasks .............................. 10
Example 5: Automatically binding OpenMPI tasks................................ 11
Example 6: Automatically binding tasks with Platform MPI ................ 11
Example 7: binding MPI jobs with IBM Parallel Environment ............. 12
Best practices....................................................................................................... 12
Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 13
Further reading................................................................................................... 13
Contributors .................................................................................................. 13
Notices ................................................................................................................. 14
Trademarks ................................................................................................... 15
Contacting IBM ............................................................................................ 15
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 2 of 15
Executive Summary
IBM Platform LSF (LSF) is a powerful workload management platform for demanding
distributed HPC environments. It provides a comprehensive set of intelligent, policydriven scheduling features that enable you to utilize all of your compute infrastructure
resources and ensure optimal application performance.
When executing workload on multi-core hosts with non-uniform memory architectures
(NUMA), it is optimal for many applications to ensure that their instructions are bound
at the operating system level to:
 Always execute on a specific subset of CPUs on the host in order to maximize
hits on internal caches or ensure exclusive use of these resources.
 Always allocate memory from the nearest memory node where the application
executes if possible.
IBM Platform LSF 9.1.1 introduced new features to give end users control over these
kinds of allocation and binding behavior. This document presents guidelines for using
the LSF affinity scheduling features for common tasks such as CPU and memory binding
for sequential jobs and parallel jobs run through several popular MPI implementations.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 3 of 15
Introduction
This document serves as a best practice guide for how to use the affinity scheduling
features of LSF 9.1.1. This document covers the following topics:
 How to enable and configure affinity scheduling in Platform LSF 9.1.1 and above
 Several usage examples including:
– Querying affinity-related information for hosts and jobs
– Submitting jobs with CPU binding requirements
– Submitting jobs with memory binding requirements
– Checking the binding of tasks managed by LSF
– Submitting OpenMPI jobs with binding requirements
– Submitting IBM Platform MPI jobs with binding requirements
– Submitting jobs with binding requirements to the IBM Parallel Operating
Environment
Currently, Platform LSF Affinity Scheduling is supported on hosts running Linux with
kernel version 2.6.18 or above on both x86 and Power architectures.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 4 of 15
Cluster Configuration
This section discusses the configuration of LSF Platform cluster. The example cluster has
4 hosts with the following configurations:
Table 1. Cluster Host Information
Host Name
Hardware Information
lsf_master
UMA
1 processor socket
4 cores / socket
UMA
1 processor socket
4 cores / socket
2 NUMA nodes
1 process socket / node
4 cores / socket
2 hardware threads / core
2 NUMA nodes
1 process socket / node
4 cores / socket
2 hardware threads / core
aff_none
aff_part
aff_full
Affinity Enabled
Not enabled
Not enabled
Enabled partially for a
subset of CPUs
Enabled for all CPUs
Configuring LSF to load the affinity scheduling plugin
To enable the affinity scheduling feature, the LSF administrator configures LSF to load a
special scheduler plugin which enables the appropriate policies. Make sure the following
line is in the lsb.modules file:
Begin PluginModule
SCH_PLUGIN
...
schmod_affinity
End PluginModule
RB_PLUGIN
SCH_DISABLE_PHASES
()
()
Enabling and disabling affinity scheduling on batch hosts
You also need to configure individual hosts to tell the LSF job scheduler whether it can
use a specific host in affinity scheduling. Configure those hosts in the lsb.hosts file:
Begin Host
HOST_NAME
lsf_master
aff_none
aff_part
aff_full
End
Host
MXJ
!
!
!
!
r1m
()
()
()
()
AFFINITY
(N)
(N)
(CPU_LIST="1,3,5,7,8-15")
(Y)
In this example, affinity scheduling is disabled on lsf_master and aff_none, only
partially enabled on a subset of CPUs on aff_part, and fully enabled on aff_full. Note
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 5 of 15
that a single configuration can be shared across all hosts by using the special host name
default.
Viewing Affinity Information for Hosts
After a host is configured to enable affinity scheduling, use bhosts -l -aff host_name
to view its internal hardware topology available for affinity jobs:
$ bhosts -l -aff aff_host
HOST aff_host
STATUS
CPUF JL/U
ok
60.00
-
MAX
16
CURRENT LOAD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
Total
Reserved
0.0
0.0
0.0
NJOBS
0
ut
0%
-
LOAD THRESHOLD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
ut
loadSched
loadStop
-
RUN
0
pg
0.0
-
pg
-
SSUSP
0
io
0
0
io
-
ls
0
-
ls
-
USUSP
0
it
0
-
it
-
RSV DISPATCH_WINDOW
0
tmp
0M
-
tmp
-
swp
0M
-
swp
-
mem
64G
0M
slots
16
-
mem
-
CONFIGURED AFFINITY CPU LIST: all
AFFINITY: Enabled
Host[64G]
NUMA[0: 0M / 32G]
Socket0
core0(0 8)
core1(2 10)
core2(4 12)
core3(6 14)
NUMA[1: 0M / 32G]
Socket0
core0(1 9)
core1(3 11)
core2(5 13)
core3(7 15)
Note that the numbers inside the cores are the physical CPU IDs detected on the host – in
this case each core contains 2 hardware threads, all of which are enabled on aff_full.
The host named aff_part has CPUs 1,3,5,7 and 8-15 enabled (excluding CPUs 0, 2, 4,
and 6), yielding the following display:
$ bhosts -l -aff aff_part
HOST aff_partial
STATUS
CPUF JL/U
ok
60.00
-
MAX
16
CURRENT LOAD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
Total
Reserved
0.0
0.0
0.0
LOAD THRESHOLD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
ut
loadSched
loadStop
-
NJOBS
0
ut
0%
-
RUN
0
pg
0.0
-
pg
-
SSUSP
0
io
0
0
io
-
ls
-
ls
0
-
USUSP
0
it
0
-
it
-
RSV DISPATCH_WINDOW
0
tmp
0M
-
tmp
-
swp
0M
-
swp
-
mem
64G
0M
slots
16
-
mem
-
CONFIGURED AFFINITY CPU LIST: 1,3,5,7,8-15
AFFINITY: Enabled
Host[64G]
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 6 of 15
NUMA[0: 0M / 32G]
Socket0
core0(8)
core1(10)
core2(12)
core3(14)
NUMA[1: 0M / 32G]
Socket0
core0(1 9)
core1(3 11)
core2(5 13)
core3(7 15)
Note the sections highlighted in red: the cores on the socket containing the excluded CPU
now only show a single thread each (the excluded CPU IDs have been omitted).
For host without affinity scheduling turned on, LSF does not show host topology
information in bhosts, and affinity scheduling is shown as disabled:
$ bhosts -l -aff aff_none
HOST aff_none
STATUS
CPUF JL/U
ok
60.00
-
MAX
4
CURRENT LOAD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
Total
Reserved
0.0
0.0
0.0
LOAD THRESHOLD USED FOR SCHEDULING:
r15s
r1m r15m
ut
loadSched
loadStop
-
NJOBS
0
ut
0%
-
RUN
0
pg
0.0
pg
-
SSUSP
0
io
0
0
io
-
ls
-
ls
0
-
USUSP
0
it
0
-
it
-
RSV DISPATCH_WINDOW
0
tmp
0M
-
tmp
-
swp
0M
swp
-
mem
32G
0M
slots
4
-
mem
-
AFFINITY: Disabled (not configured in lsb.hosts)
Host[-]
Submitting and Monitoring Affinity Scheduling Jobs
Example 1: A job requesting 2 cores
$ bsub -n 2 -R "affinity[core(1)]" sleep 9000
Job <102> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
After this job starts to run, use bjobs –l –aff jobID to check the affinity allocation of
the job:
$ bjobs -l -aff 102
Job <102>, User <rshen>, Project <default>, Status <RUN>, Queue <normal>, Comma
nd <sleep 9000>
Fri Sep 27 16:58:53: Submitted from host <bp860-04>, CWD <$HOME/LSF/proj/lsf/ut
opia/lsbatch/cmd>, 2 Processors Requested, Requested Resou
rces <affinity[core(1)]>;
Fri Sep 27 16:58:54: Started on 2 Hosts/Processors <aff_part> <aff_part>;
SCHEDULING PARAMETERS:
r15s
r1m r15m
loadSched
loadStop
-
ut
-
pg
-
io
-
ls
-
it
-
tmp
-
swp
-
mem
-
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT DETAILS:
Combined: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1)*1]
Effective: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1)*1]
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
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AFFINITY:
HOST
aff_part
aff_part
CPU BINDING
-----------------------TYPE
LEVEL EXCL
IDS
core
/0/0/0
core
/0/0/1
MEMORY BINDING
-------------------POL
NUMA SIZE
-
Here, the AFFINITY: section displays the following information about the job:

Each of the two requested tasks (-n) has been allocated on host aff_part
according to the HOST column.

The TYPE column shows that each allocation unit is a core (because the job
requested core(1) in the affinity[] string).

The IDS column shows the specific logical ID on the host for that allocation: in
this case the first task is on NUMA node 0, socket 0, core 0 (0/0/0), and the
second is on the same NUMA and socket, but is allocated core 1 ( 0/0/1).
Example 2: A job with a memory requirement
$ bsub -n 2 -R "affinity[core(3):membind=localonly] rusage[mem=100]" sleep 9000
Job <105> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
This job has two tasks/ranks, and each task is allocated three cores, therefore the job will
be allocated a total of 2*3 = 6 cores and 100MB of memory. Any memory allocated to
these tasks must come from the NUMA node closest to the core on which that task is
bound – this is the effect of the membind=localonly clause. If no memory is available on
this node, then the job will swap.
Use bjobs –l –aff jobID to monitor this allocation:
$ bjobs -l –aff 105
Job <105>, User <rshen>, Project <default>, Status <RUN>, Queue <normal>, Comma
nd <sleep 9000>
Fri Sep 27 17:07:07: Submitted from host <bp860-04>, CWD <$HOME/LSF/proj/lsf/ut
opia/lsbatch/cmd>, 2 Processors Requested, Requested Resou
rces <affinity[core(3):membind=localonly] rusage[mem=100]>
;
Fri Sep 27 17:07:08: Started on 2 Hosts/Processors <aff_part> <aff_part>;
SCHEDULING PARAMETERS:
r15s
r1m r15m
loadSched
loadStop
-
ut
-
pg
-
io
-
ls
-
it
-
tmp
-
swp
-
mem
-
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT DETAILS:
Combined: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] rusage[mem=100.00] affinity[cor
e(3)*1:membind=localonly]
Effective: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] rusage[mem=100.00] affinity[co
re(3)*1:membind=localonly]
AFFINITY:
HOST
aff_part
aff_part
CPU BINDING
-----------------------TYPE
LEVEL EXCL
IDS
core
/0/0/0
/0/0/1
/0/0/2
core
/1/0/0
/1/0/1
/1/0/2
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
MEMORY BINDING
-------------------POL
NUMA SIZE
local 0
50.0MB
local 1
50.0MB
Page 8 of 15
Here LSF has allocated the first task to the first NUMA node on aff_part, and the
second task to the second. The reason for this is that membind=localonly implicitly
requires that all the CPUs allocated to a given task access the same memory node. The
MEMORY BINDING subsection of the display shows us the ID of the NUMA node each task
is using, and the amount of memory allocated to each task on this node.
Example 3: A more complex allocation
A variety of fine-grained task allocations can be achieved through LSF affinity
scheduling submission syntax. For example, the following job has just a single task, but it
requires two cores, and these two cores should come from different NUMA node:
$ bsub -R "affinity[core(1,exclusive=(numa,intask))*2]" sleep 9000
Job <108> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
This is achieved using the following syntactic constructs:
 The exclusive=(numa,intask)clause inside the single core request tells the LSF
affinity scheduler the following:
a) The single core must run exclusively within the NUMA node in which it
is allocated
b) The scope of this exclusivity should be within an individual task– that is,
no other cores allocated to this task can share the NUMA node
 Once this condition is encapsulated within the core(1,..) requirement, two
exclusive cores are requested with the *2 syntax, since both of these are part of
the same task, they must come from different nodes.
You can verify that LSF provides the expected allocation with bjobs –l –aff:
$ bjobs -l -aff 108
Job <108>, User <rshen>, Project <default>, Status <RUN>, Queue <normal>, Comma
nd <sleep 9000>
Fri Sep 27 17:34:05: Submitted from host <bp860-04>, CWD <$HOME/LSF/proj/lsf/ut
opia/lsbatch/cmd>, Requested Resources <affinity[core(1,ex
clusive=(numa,intask))*2]>;
Fri Sep 27 17:34:06: Started on <aff_part>;
SCHEDULING PARAMETERS:
r15s
r1m r15m
loadSched
loadStop
-
ut
-
pg
-
io
-
ls
-
it
-
tmp
-
swp
-
mem
-
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT DETAILS:
Combined: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1,exclusive=(numa
,intask))*2]
Effective: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1,exclusive=(num
a,intask))*2]
AFFINITY:
HOST
aff_part
CPU BINDING
-----------------------TYPE
LEVEL EXCL
IDS
core
numa
/0/0/0
/1/0/0
MEMORY BINDING
-------------------POL
NUMA SIZE
-
The sections in red show that LSF displays the exclusivity level of the task in the EXCL
column and properly shows that each core is allocated from a different NUMA node.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 9 of 15
Example 4: Verifying the bindings of running tasks
The examples above described how the job allocation assigned by the LSF affinity
scheduling can be viewed using the bjobs command. This example shows how to verify
the actual OS-level binding of the running job. The example uses the following example
job (a sequential job requesting a single core):
$ bsub -R "affinity[core]" sleep 9000
Job <137> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
To verify the actual dispatched process binding, you must get the process IDs of the
dispatched job using bjobs -l –aff after the job is running:
$ bjobs -l 137
Job <137>, User <rshen>, Project <default>, Status <RUN>, Queue <normal>, Comma
nd <sleep 9000>
Mon Sep 30 14:02:24: Submitted from host <lsf-master>, CWD <$HOME>, Requested
Resources <affinity[core]>;
Mon Sep 30 14:02:25: Started on <aff_host>, Execution Home </home/rshen>, Execu
tion CWD </home/rshen>;
Mon Sep 30 14:02:41: Resource usage collected.
MEM: 6 Mbytes; SWAP: 0 Mbytes; NTHREAD: 4
PGID: 27645; PIDs: 27645 27646 27648
MEMORY USAGE:
MAX MEM: 6 Mbytes;
AVG MEM: 6 Mbytes
SCHEDULING PARAMETERS:
r15s
r1m r15m
loadSched
loadStop
-
ut
-
pg
-
io
-
ls
-
it
-
tmp
-
swp
-
mem
-
RESOURCE REQUIREMENT DETAILS:
Combined: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1)*1]
Effective: select[type == local] order[r15s:pg] affinity[core(1)*1]
AFFINITY:
HOST
aff_host
CPU BINDING
-----------------------TYPE
LEVEL EXCL
IDS
core
/0/0/0
MEMORY BINDING
-------------------POL
NUMA SIZE
-
Notice that the job was dispatched to aff_host and started three processes, one of which
is the actual sleep 9000 command. This process was allocated to NUMA 0, socket 0, and
core 0 on aff_host, and according to the bhosts output shown for this host, this
corresponds to physical CPUs 0 and 8.
You can verify that the affinity binding for all of these processes by logging in to
aff_host and running taskset -pc pid to get the list of CPUs to which the process has
been bound:
$ taskset -pc 27645
pid 27645's current affinity list: 0,8
$ taskset -pc 27646
pid 27646's current affinity list: 0,8
$ taskset -pc 27648
pid 27648's current affinity list: 0,8
Note that each process is bound to the CPU IDs contained in the correct core.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 10 of 15
Example 5: Automatically binding OpenMPI tasks
To run OpenMPI jobs through LSF with a binding requirement, make sure of the
following:
 The LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable includes the location of the
OpenMPI libraries.
 Your LSF cluster has been set up as above, it must be at least LSF version 9.1.1 or
higher version, either LSF Standard or Advanced Edition
 The DJOB_ENV_SCRIPT parameter must be set to openmpi_rankfile.sh in your
job’s application profile in lsb.applications:
Begin Application
NAME
= openmpi
DESCRIPTION
= OpenMPI 1.6.5
DJOB_ENV_SCRIPT
= openmpi_rankfile.sh
End Application
The last step is required in order to generate the appropriate OpenMPI rank file that will
enable it to bind each job task to its own allocation. When jobs are submitted to this
application using the –app option of bsub, LSF creates the appropriate rank file, and sets
the variable LSB_RANK_HOSTFILE in the job execution environment to its path. This file
can then be passed to mpirun with the –rf option to have the tasks bound correctly.
Finally, in order for your job to properly escape the LSB_RANK_HOSTFILE variable, you
should include your mpirun command line inside a job script. The script can either be
installed on a shared file system or spooled as the standard input to bsub. Here is an
example using the latter approach:
$ cat /tmp/my_script
#!/bin/sh
mpirun –rf $LSB_RANK_HOSTFILE /share/bin/hello_c
$ bsub -I -n 4 –app openmpi -R "affinity[core]" < /tmp/my_script
Job <134> is submitted to default queue <interactive>.
<<Waiting for dispatch ...>>
<<Starting on bp860-04>>
Hello, world, I am 1 of 4
Hello, world, I am 0 of 4
Hello, world, I am 2 of 4
Hello, world, I am 3 of 4
Example 6: Automatically binding tasks with Platform MPI
IBM Platform MPI has a tighter integration with the LSF affinity scheduling feature than
OpenMPI: neither the DJOB_ENV_SCRIPT parameter, nor application profiles are required
to perform the task-level binding. The user only needs to specify blaunch as the remote
shell command for Platform MPI to use:
MPI_REMSH=blaunch; export MPI_REMSH
After this, affinity jobs can be submitted as normal:
$ bsub -n 16 -R "affinity[core]" $MPI_ROOT/bin/mpirun –lsb_mcpu_hosts ./pmpi_prog
Job <1423> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 11 of 15
Example 7: binding MPI jobs with IBM Parallel Environment
Similarly, LSF’s affinity feature is tightly integrated with the IBM Parallel Environment
Runtime Edition (PE), and requires no additional configuration to fully bind each task:
$ bsub –n 2 –R "affinity[core]" –network "type=sn_all: usage=dedicated" poe ./pempi_prog
Job <1427> is submitted to default queue <normal>.
Each task in this job reserves two windows on its execution host (one window per
network), and be allocated a single core to which it will be bound by the OS. Use the
taskset command to verify this as described in “Example 4: Verifying the bindings of
running tasks”
Best practices

Use LSF’s affinity scheduling feature to bind the CPUs on which
jobs can run, as well as the NUMA nodes from which they are
allocated memory.

In conjunction with a supported MPI implementation – either
OpenMPI, Platform MPI, or IBM Parallel Environment Runtime
Edition -- individual tasks of a parallel job can be bound to
specific CPUs

Use the –aff option of the bjobs and bhosts commands to
monitor job affinity allocations and host resource availability.
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 12 of 15
Conclusion
This document describes the usage of the affinity scheduling feature in IBM Platform LSF
9.1.1, and how it integrates with OpenMPI, Platform MPI, and IBM Parallel Environment
Runtime Edition to bind individual tasks to CPUs and NUMA memory nodes.
Further reading

Administering Platform LSF Version 9 Release 1.1
http://publibfp.dhe.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/c2753021.pdf
o Controlling CPU and memory affinity for NUMA hosts
o Affinity string
Contributors
Rong Song Shen
Software Developer: LSF
Sam Sanjabi
Senior Software Developer
Chong Chen
Principal Architect: LSF Product Family
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 13 of 15
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Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
Page 14 of 15
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trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law
trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may
also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current list of IBM
trademarks is available on the Web at “Copyright and trademark information” at
www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or
both.
UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.
Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
Contacting IBM
To provide feedback about this paper, contact wanghbin@cn.ibm.com.
To contact IBM in your country or region, check the IBM Directory of Worldwide
Contacts at http://www.ibm.com/planetwide
Affinity Scheduling in IBM Platform LSF
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