PRESENT
VERB ``TO BE´´
AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE:
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + OBJECT
VERB TO BE
SUBJECT
-
AFFIRTMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I
AM (‘M)
AM NOT
YOU / WE / THEY
ARE (‘RE)
ARE NOT (AREN’T)
HE / SHE / IT
IS (’S)
IS NOT (ISN’T)
Ex. I am tired / I’m not tired
INTERROGATIVE:
VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + OBJECT
Ex. Am I tired?
PRESENT SIMPLE
We use it to:
- talk about repeated actions, habits, general facts, emotions, permanent wishes
- to give instructions
- talk about planned events
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE
—> 3rd person (he/she/it) verb ends with an s
Ex. I/you/we/they play
He/she/it plays
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + DO/DOES NOT + PRESENT SIMPLE
—> 3rd person goes with ``doesn’t´´
—> as ``does´´has already got an s, we don’t add it to the verb
Ex. I/you/we/they don’t play
He/she/it doesn’t play
INTERROGATIVE: DO/DOES + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE
Ex. Do I/you/we/they play?
Does he/she/it play?
PRESENT CONTINIOUS
We use it to:
-
talk about something that’s happening right now
talk about an action that’s happening in the present (but not in the exact moment)
talk about a planned activity
describe a temporal event
We DON’T use it with state verbs (emotions, wishes, opinions, etc)
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (verb -ing)
Ex. I’m writing
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + NOT + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Ex. I’m not writing
INTERROGATIVE: VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Ex. Am I writing?
PAST
VERB ``TO BE´´
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + OBJECT
Ex. I was tired
SUBJECT
VERB TO BE
-
AFFIRTMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I/YOU / WE / THEY
WERE
WERE NOT (WEREN’T)
HE / SHE / IT
WAS
WAS NOT (WASN’T)
PAST SIMPLE
We use it to:
- talk about an action that finished in the past
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE
Ex. I played
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + DID NOT + VERB INFINITIVE
Ex. I didn’t play
INTERROGATIVE: DID + SUBJECT + VERB INFINITIVE
Ex. Did I play?
PAST CONTINUOUS
We use it to:
- describe the context
- describe an action that was interrupted by another action
- to express a change of mind
AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Ex. She was playing
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Ex. She wasn’t playing
INTERROGATIVE: WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Ex. Was she playing?
CONDITIONALS
ZERO CONDITIONAL
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE
Ex. If you heat water it boils
We use it to:
- talk about things that always happen
- to give instructions
FIRST CONDITIONAL
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + FUTURE SIMPLE
Ex. If it rains I will get wet
We use it to:
- express possibility
- make promises
- make warnings
SECOND CONDITIONAL
IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD/COULD + VERB INFINITIVE
Ex. If I had money I would buy a car
We use it to:
- talk about unlikely events
- give advise
- talk about situations that are not real now
THIRD CONDITIONAL
IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex. If you had come earlier, you would have had a better seat
We use it to:
- talk about things that could have happened but didn’t
- express regret