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GT Living Systems Mid Year Review
1. Write out the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest, beginning with atom
and ending with organism
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
2. Match the Organelles to their function
C
D
B
F
A
E
G
H
K
J
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Flagella
Cilia
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Nucleolus
A. Hair-like structures used for movement
B. Organelle in which photosynthesis occurs
C. Synthesizes proteins
D. Release energy from food (cellular respiration)
E. Center of the cell, directs cell activities
F. Whip-like used for movement
G. Used for storage
H. Selectively Permeable boundary around the cell
J. Site where ribosomes are made
K. Modifies proteins and lipids before shipping them out of
the cell through vesicles
3. Name at least 3 organelles that are present in plants that are not present in animal cells.
Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
4. Complete the chart on tissues
Tissue Type
Purpose
Lining, transport, secretion,
absorption
Examples
Skin, glands, intestines,
bladder
Movement
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Support, strength, elasticity
Tendons, ligaments,
nose/ears, fat
Information, synthesis,
control, communication
Neurons and support cells
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous
Picture
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5. Define negative feedback and provide an example in the human body.
a stimulus causes an opposite output in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated
Homeostasis of blood sugar levels and body temperature
6. Define positive feedback and provide an example in the human body.
output increases the original stimulus
Childbirth, fruit ripening, blood clotting
7. Complete the chart of macromolecules
Macromolecule
Building Block
Examples
Function
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA
8. Identify which vitamin or mineral this person is lacking.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bloody gums, slow wound healing
Osteoporosis, Ricketts
Inability to clot properly, bruising
Production of hemoglobin
___ Vitamin D and Calcium
___ Iron
___ Vitamin C
___ Vitamin K
9. Draw a water molecule. The oxygen is held to the hydrogens by covalent bonds, but electrons are not
shared evenly resulting in a polar molecule. Be sure to include the charges on your water molecule.
10. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
11. Cohesion results in both surface tension and capillary action. Provide an example of these two terms.
12. Why does ice float on liquid water?
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13. Due to its many hydrogen bonds, water has a high specific heat. What does this term mean?
14. Complete the analysis of the two food labels shown below.
Calories per serving / grams per serving
= calories per gram
Calories per gram x 100 = calories per
100 grams
Food
Main nutrient
Calories per
serving
Grams per
serving
Calories per
gram
Calories per
100 grams
Pop Tart
Butter
15. Which food provides the most energy per 100 grams? What is the main type of nutrient found in this
food?
16. Fill in the blanks about enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts which means that they function to ______________ chemical
reactions by reducing the ___________ energy required for the reaction to occur. You can identify an
enzyme because they usually end with the suffix _____. When an enzyme functions, it binds to a
____________ at the active site, converting it into a ____________. Enzyme function can be reduced
by exposure to __________ or __________.
activation
product
acid
substrate
ase
heat
speed up
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17. Examine each beaker below. Use an arrow to indicate whether water will move into or out of the cell.
Label the cell as either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
_____________
_____________
____________
18. Create a T chart or to compare active and passive transport. Be sure to include energy use, direction in
which molecules move, and list the examples of each type of transport.
19. Cell membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer is selectively permeable. Define the
term selectively permeable and explain how the dialysis tubing lab provides evidence for this
characteristic.
20. Complete the table comparing photosynthesis with cellular respiration
Characteristic
Location
Photosynthesis
Equation
Reactants
Products
Purpose
21. Why are plants green? Why do deciduous trees change color in the fall?
Cellular respiration
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22. When oxygen is not available what type of respiration do we do? What is one of the side effects of this type of
respiration?
23. Complete the diagram using picture provided.
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24. Label the 4 blanks of the cell cycle diagram
25. Identify which stage of the cell cycle / mitosis each of the cells below is in. Write an “I” in the cell for
interphase, a “P” for prophase, “M” for metaphase, “A” for anaphase, and “T” for telophase.