Topic 1: Heat
(1) Heat energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of an object
(2) Internal energy is independent of mass
(3) Temperature is dependent of mass
(4) Heat stops when two objects in contact have same temperature
(5) More heat is stored in a hotter object
(6) No energy transfers when two objects with same temperature are in contact
(7) Internal energy is proportional to mass
(8) Temperature is independent of mass
(9) Water boils at different temperature for different atmospheric pressure
(10) Convection take place in liquid only
(11) Molecules transfer during conduction
(12) Molecules transfer during convection
(13) 1kg ice and 1kg water in melting ice has same internal energy
(14) Objects at same temperature has same internal energy
(15) Conductive material has a low specific heat capacity
(16) The lowest possible temperature is 0 o
C
(17) There is a limit in the highest temperature
(18) Same amount of energy is needed to lower 1kg ice and 1kg water by 1K
(19) Energy transfers from the sun to the earth by conduction
(20) Energy transfers from the fire in BBQ to the food by convection
(21) The clothes provide energy to keep your body warm
(22) Heat energy is released when liquid water becomes ice
(23) Molecular potential energy changes only when the state changes
(24) Molecular potential energy decreases when the temperature decreases
(25) Glass only allow infrared radiation to pass through
(26) Water is a good coolant because of its high latent heat
(27) 100 o
C water gives more harm to skin than 100
o
C steam
(28) The final temperature of the mixture (30
o
C A + 40
o
C B) cannot be 40
o
C
(29) Liquid-in-glass thermometer always underestimate the temperature of a hot object
(30) Only when the resistance of a material is linear proportional to the temperature, the

material can be used to make thermometer
(31) When water and alcohol droplets are placed one each hand, that with alcohol feels cooler because of the higher latent heat of alcohol
(32) The feeling of hotness of our human sensor depends on the temperature of the contacting object
(33) Ideal gas can never be achieved because gas molecules occupies a finite volume
(34) The internal energy of ideal gas is its kinetic energy only
(35) The volume of gas is the volume occupied by the gas molecules
Topic 2: Mechanics
(1) Path of the motion with const. speed can be straight or curve.
(2) Path of the motion with const. velocity can be straight or curve.
(3) Average velocity is the average of the initial and final velocities
(4) The magnitude of displacement is always less or equal to distance
(5) When the object moves with const. velocity, there is no force acting on it.
(6) When the object moves with const. velocity, there is no net force acting on it
(7) When the object moves with const. speed, there is no force acting on it
(8) When the object moves with const. speed, there is no net force acting on it
(9) When no forces act on an object, it must be at rest
(10) When no net forces act on an object, it must be at rest
(11) Force is needed to keep an object in motion
(12) Net force is needed to keep an object in motion
(13) Action and reaction pair compensate each other such that net force is zero
(14) Weight and normal reaction form action and reaction pairs
(15) Normal reaction becomes zero when two objects lose contact
(16) Weightlessness occurs when the weight is zero
(17) Spaceman in the space feels weightlessness since the net force is zero
(18) The net force of a man in the free-falling lift is zero
(19) Kinetic energy changes when the velocity changes
(20) Mechanical energy changes with temperature
(21) Net force changes the kinetic energy
(22) When mechanical energy changes, net force acts on the object
(23) (Kinetic/potential/mechanical/total) energy unchanges when no net force

(24) Work is needed to move an object horizontally with const. velocity
Topic 3: Wave
(1) Water wave pushes water molecules fro and back
(2) All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
(3) Direction of travel changes after refraction
(4) Speed changes after refraction
(5) Light travels faster in _______________ medium
(6) Water wave travels faster in _______________ region
(7) Sound wave travels faster in ______________ region
(8) Total internal refraction takes place when incident angle = critical angle
(9) Total internal refraction takes place when incident angle > critical angle
(10) Interference only occurs when two coherent sources are used
(11) Interference pattern cannot be seen when two incoherent sources are used
(12) Interference pattern can only be seen with two coherent sources
(13) Anti-nodal line is where destructive interference takes place
(14) Constructive interference takes place when path difference is integral number of wavelength
(15) Nodal line takes place when slit separation is less than one wavelength
(16) The line which is equidistance to two coherent sources is antinodal line
(17) Two sources which oscillate in opposite direction are out of phase
(18) Particle at the point of compression has zero speed
(19) Particle at the point of crest is momentarily at rest
(20) In a travelling wave, particles separated by a distance of half wavelength is in anti-phase
(21) 2 particles in a travelling wave in anti-phase have different amplitude
(22) 2 particles in a travelling wave in anti-phase have different frequency
(23) 2 particles in a stationary wave in anti-phase may have different amplitude
(24) 2 particles in a stationary wave in anti-phase have different frequency
(25) Wavelength in visible light is smaller than that of sound
(26) Particle in the point of compression has zero velocity
(27) Distance between the adjacent point of compression and rarefraction is wavelength
(28) Wave in the string of guitar is longitudinal wave
(29) Frequency in vibrating string is different to that of the sound produced in that string.

(27) Number of fringes ___________ when the whole Young's double slit set-up is placed inside water
(28) State the difference of the fringes seen by double slit and diffraction grating using the same source
(29) Only diffraction occurs when water wave passes through a barrier
(30) When you come closer to the plane mirror, image of you becomes bigger
(31) Convex lens is also called ___________ ; concave lens is also called _____________
(32) Virtual image is always diminished
(33) Magnifying lens can only magnify objects
(34) Convex lens is used in glasses for short-sighted people
(35) Image of concave lens can not be photoed
(36) Image of concave lens is always at the same side as the object
(37) Parallel light forms image at focus after passing through a convex lens
(38) Image is formed at the original position of object when object is placed at the original position of image
(39) Image cannot be formed when half of lens is blocked or cut
(40) Object at focus of convex lens forms an magnified image
(41) Image of a fish seen outside water is real
(42) Some of scene outside water can not be seen under water because of fish-eye effect
(43) Mirage takes place because of refraction
(44) Rainbow is formed by refraction of light in rain droplet
(45) Refractive index of different colour of light in glass is the same
(46) Image formed by a periscope made of prism is brighter than that made of plane mirror
(47) Law of reflection doesn't obey in diffuse reflection
(48) Light bends in reflection and refraction
(49) Colour of light changes when the light travels from glass to air
(50) Red light bends more than violet in glass
(51) Black object doesn't reflect and emit light
(52) Light is more difficult to diffract than sound
(53) The sound produced by human approximately ranges from 20Hz to 20000Hz
(54) No sound can be detected in 0dB
(55) People feel most comfortable in 0dB environment
(56) Ultrasonic wave is transverse wave
(57) Double the decibel , double the sound energy
(58) Double the amplitude of sound, double the loudness
(59) Pitch depends on wavelength
(60) Colour of light depends on wavelength
(61) Energy of sound depends on amplitude but energy of light does not
(62) Longitudinal wave can't form stationary wave
(63) In stationary or travelling wave, particle in equilibrium position has zero energy
(64) In travelling wave ,energy of the particle in amplitude is larger than that in equilibrium position
(65) Zero energy in the position of destructive interference of two coherent source with same amplitude
(66) Sound travels faster in air than in water
(67) Refraction can only occur in transverse wave
(68) Longitudinal wave can't be interfered
(69) Longitudinal wave doesn't interfere with transverse wave
(70) Particle in rarefraction moves opposite to that in compression
(71) Energy in compression is larger than that in rarefraction
Electricity and Magnetism
(1) Electron in insulator does not move
(2) Electron is responsible for the electrical conductivity
(3) Electrostatic induction does not take place in insulator
(4) Earthing is sharing with the earth
(5) Proton is transferred to the earth when positively charged metal is earthed

(6) Finger can earth object
(7) Electrons and protons are destroyed when positively and negatively charged objects are touched
(8) Neutral objects have no charges
(9) Charging by friction is more difficult in metal than in insulator
(10) Electric field lines never intercept
(11) Direction of electric field lines = direction of force of positive charge placed there
(12) Electric field lines points from low potential to high potential
(13) High potential means high potential energy
(14) Zero potential means no energy there
(15) Positive charge moves along the electric field lines when it is released from rest
(16) (Only two charges) Larger force is experienced by a larger charge
(17) Electric field lines of a point charge is uniform
(18) Net positive charge is produced when a negatively charge rod is placed near a neutral insulated ball
(19) Total induced charge of an insulated object is zero
(20) Electric field lines are perpendicular to the equipotential lines
(21) Total energy decreases when two opposite charges are released from rest
(22) Momentum is not conserved when two charges are released from rest
(23) Charges never touch each other no matter how much force is applied
(24) Electric field strength decreases when two isolated ,oppositely charged plates are placed farther apart
(25) Charge moves with constant speed along the line perpendicular to the electric field lines
(26) No electric force is experienced at the mid-point of two equal charge since no force is acted by these two charges at that point
(27) No energy is needed to separate two equally charged plate
(28) Neutral point is where potential is zero
(29) Electron flows in the same direction as current
(30) Resistor stores charges when current passes through
(31) Electric potential is the work done by electric force
(32) Electromotive force is the energy gained per unit charge
(33) Potential difference is zero wherever no current passes through
(34) Current flows from low potential to high potential
(35) Short circuit occurs when ideal ammeter is connected in parallel to a resistor
(36) Energy dissipated in resistor is equal to energy provided by battery in a circuit with battery and resistor only
(37) Equivalent resistance increases when resistor of larger resistance is connected parallel to the resistor
(38) Larger current passes through the larger resistor connected in parallel
(39) Resistor dissipates energy because it slows down the electrons passes through
(40) Resistor dissipates energy because conductive electrons lose kinetic energy during collision
(41) The thicker the resistor , the larger the resistance
(42) Resistivity depends on the shape of the resistor
(43) Current decreases after passing through a resistor
(44) Short circuit occurs when an ideal voltmeter is connected in series to a resistor
(45) Ideal ammeter has infinite resistor
(46) Since no current passes through ideal voltmeter, there is no potential difference across it
(47) Resistance of metal increases with the temperature
(48) Charge loses emf after passing through a resistor
(49) 1J is the energy when 1 mole of charge passes through 1V battery
(50) Two identical battery provides double energy when connected in parallel
(51) Potential of a live wire ranges from 0V to 220V in Hong Kong
(52) Potential of a neutral wire ranges from -220V to 0V
(53) Potential of a earth wire increases when there is a short circuit
(54) Earth wire provides a return path for the current
(55) Current flows from live to neutral wire

(56) Switch are fuse placed at the neutral wire
(57) Fuse melt when voltage increases too large
(58) It is suitable to choose 5A fuse for a "1A,5W" appliance
(59) Ring circuit can ensure appliance work with same current
(60) Circuit breaker can break the circuit when there is electric shock
(61) Appliances are connected in series under ring circuit
(62) Fuse can protect the appliance when overloading
(63) Overloading occurs when open circuit
(64) It is unsafe to touch the neutral wire in the electric sock
(65) It is always dangerous when there is no earth wire connected from the appliance to the electric sock
(66) Moving charge produces magnetic field
(67) Magnetic field lines can never intercept
(68) Magnetic field lines flow from North Pole to South Pole
(69) North Pole and South Pole can be separated by cutting a magnet
(70) Iron fillings can be used to determine the North Pole and South Pole of a magnet
(71) Only iron can produce magnetic field since it is soft magnetic material
(72) Soft magnetic material can be easily magnetised but difficult to demagnetise
(73) Magnetic field lines show the direction of magnetic force experienced by a North Pole
(74) Magnet can attract rest charge
(75) Iron fillings can show the magnetic field lines because it can be easily magnetised
(76) Magnetic field strength of a wire with current is uniform
(77) No magnetic field can be produced when ac passes through a wire
(78) Magnetic field strength of a solenoid is uniform inside
(79) It is assumed no magnetic field outside a solenoid
(80) Magnetic field strength increases when two identical solenoids are connected
(81) Magnetic force does not obey Newtons 3rd Law
(82) Parallel current in the same direction attracts
(83) Magnetic force is parallel to the magnetic field line
(84) Magnetic force can increase KE of a charge
(85) Rest charge moves along the magnetic field line
(86) Energy of the charge is unchanged when it is moving perpendicular to the magnetic field lines
(87) When a charge moves parallel to the magnetic field, it moves in a circle
(88) The larger the radius , the larger the period of the circular motion of a charge in a magnetic field
(89) Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux, induced current exists
(90) Magnetic flux of a loop unchanges when it rotate 180o inside a uniform magnetic field
(91) Magnetic flux is maximum when a loop is parallel to the magnetic field lines
(92) Magnetic flux is a vector
(93) When a current flows through a circular loop, the loop trends to shrink
(94) Eddy current forms when the magnetic flux of a loop changes
(95) Magnetisation and demagnetisation needs energy
(96) Electromagnetic induction occurs when a magnet comes closer to a sheet of copper
(97) When two magnets move closer to each other, EM induction occurs
(98) When an iron bar move inside a solenoid, EM induction occurs
(99) Iron bar inside a solenoid is used to concentrate the magnetic field
(100) Iron bar can increase the magnetic filed of a solenoid; therefore, energy doesnt conserve
(101) A square loop moves perpendicular to a magnetic field is equipotential since no current pass through
(102)