MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. Tucop Dinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
Endogenic Processes
(Earth and Life Science)
Group 7
Submitted by:
Gino Viray
Justyn Jay Magtanong
Karylle Punzalan
Jhayshian de Guzman
Jamaine Sampang
Submitted to:
Teacher Shiela Villanueva
Endogenic Processes
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. Tucop Dinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
➡️ are processes involving the use of energy from deep within
the Earth
➡️ are responsible for volcanism and plate movement.
Why is the Earth's interior hot?
➡️ The source of this heat is attributed to leftover heat from its formation 4.45 billion
years ago as gravitational energycaused particles to accrete and collide with each other.
➡️ Another source of Earth's internal heat is the disintegration of natural radioactive
elements inside earth.
➡️ Scientists estimate that temperatures in the Earth's core
are between 5000 to 7000 degrees Celsius.
Magmatism
➡️ Magma - The molten rocks that are found beneath the Earth's
surface.
➡️ Magmatism refers to the formation and movement of magma.
Magma is formed when conditions are right to cause preexisting
solid rocks to melt.
Magma can be generated in several ways:
> Decompression Melting - melting occurs when the temperature stays the same but the
pressure decreases.
> Flux Melting - when volatiles or gaseous substances are added into the hot solid rocks.
> Heat Transfer Melting - melting of surrounding rocks caused by very hot magma bringing in
additional heat.
Plutonism
➡️ Is the process by which magma rises through the crust and
crystallizes as an intrusive igneous rock beneath the Earth’s
surface.
Volcanism
➡️ Volcanoes - are visible manifestation of the process of rock
formation. It is a vent that serves as the conduit of lava or
the molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface.
MOTHER MARGHERITA DE BRINCAT CATHOLIC SCHOOL, INC.
Kamias Road Brgy. Tucop Dinalupihan, Bataan
Contact # (047) 633 – 2975 (047) 633 - 2996
“Peace and Good through Quality Education”
➡️ Volcanism is part of the process of bringing material from
the deep interior of a planet and spilling it forth on the
surface.
➡️ The difference in temperature of the magma compared to the
sorrounding rocks allows it to become more bouyant to rise to
the surface.
Types of Volcanoes
> Shield Volcano - shield volcanoes are like very broad shield with very low slopes because
runny lava tends to spread easily.
> Cinder Cones - are mostly made with pyroclastic fragments which sustains steep slopes.
> Stratovolcanoes or composite Volcanoes - are alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic
materials.
Metamorphism
➡️ is the change that takes place within a body of rock as a
result of it being subjected to conditions that are different
from those in which it formed. Pressure and temperature plays a
huge role in this process.
➡️ During metamorphism the protolith undergoes changes in
texture of the rock and the mineral make up of the rock.
These
changes take place mostly in the solid state and are caused by
changes in physical or chemical conditions, which in turn can be
caused by such things as burial, tectonic stress, heating by
magma or interactions with fluids.
Behavior of Rocks Under Different Types of Stress
> Compression - is the stress that squeezes rocks together, this causes rocks to fold or
fracture.
> Pulling Apart - rocks that are being pulled apart are under tension. Tension causes rocks to
lengthen or break apart.
> Shearing - when forces act parallel to each other but in opposite directions, the stress is
called shear. Shear stress causes two planes of material to slide past each other. This is the
most common stress found at transform plate boundaries.