Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
12
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and
live harmless bacteria?
a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.
b. The mice developed pneumonia.
c. The harmless bacteria died.
d. The mice were unaffected.
2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b. ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
3. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
4. During mitosis, the
a. DNA molecules unwind.
b. histones and DNA molecules separate.
c. DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d. nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
5. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. adenine.
c. phosphate groups.
b. uracil.
d. thymine.
6. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a. transfer RNA only
b. messenger RNA only
c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
7. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
a. that is complementary to both strands of DNA.
b. that is complementary to neither strand of DNA.
c. that is double-stranded.
d. inside the nucleus.
8. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a. 3
c. 9
b. 6
d. 12
9. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
a. intron
c. polypeptide
b. tRNA
d. anticodon
1
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 10. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a. rRNA
c. mRNA
b. tRNA
d. RNA polymerase
____ 11. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
a. inversion
c. deletion
b. insertion
d. substitution
____ 12. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A promoter determines whether a gene is expressed.
b. An expressed gene is turned off.
c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed.
d. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
____ 13. A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by binding to
a. the promoter.
c. the operator.
b. tRNA.
d. the lac genes.
____ 14. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
a. usually involves operons.
b. is simpler than in prokaryotes.
c. allows for cell specialization.
d. includes the action of DNA polymerase.
____ 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Mutations do not occur in hox genes.
b. Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
c. Hox genes control the normal development of an animal.
d. Hox genes occur in clusters.
____ 16. Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
a. RNA.
c. proteins.
b. DNA.
d. carbohydrates.
____ 17. Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)
Figure 12–5
a.
b.
DNA molecule.
amino acid.
c.
d.
2
RNA molecule.
protein.
Name: ________________________
____ 18. DNA is copied during a process called
a. replication.
b. translation.
____ 19. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
____ 20. RNA contains the sugar
a. ribose.
b. deoxyribose.
____ 21. Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a. messenger RNA
b. transfer RNA
____ 22. What is produced during transcription?
a. RNA molecules
b. DNA molecules
____ 23. What does Figure 12-6 show?
ID: A
c.
d.
transcription.
transformation.
c.
d.
is located in the ribosomes.
is circular.
c.
d.
glucose.
lactose.
c.
d.
ribosomal RNA
RNA polymerase
c.
d.
RNA polymerase
proteins
Figure 12-6
a. anticodons
b. the order in which amino acids are linked
c. the code for splicing mRNA
d. the genetic code
____ 24. What happens during the process of translation?
a. Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made.
3
Name: ________________________
ID: A
____ 25. Genes contain instructions for assembling
a. purines.
c. proteins.
b. nucleosomes.
d. pyrimidines.
____ 26. A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
a. chromosomal mutation.
c. point mutation.
b. inversion.
d. translocation.
____ 27. A promoter is a
a. binding site for DNA polymerase.
b. binding site for RNA polymerase.
c. start signal for transcription.
d. stop signal for transcription.
____ 28. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
a. breakdown of lactose.
c. breakdown of glucose.
b. production of lactose.
d. production of glucose.
____ 29. Which of the following is NOT generally part of a eukaryotic gene?
a. operon
c. promoter sequences
b. TATA box
d. enhancer sequences
____ 30. Hox genes determine an animal’s
a. basic body plan.
c. skin color.
b. size.
d. eye color.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 12–4
31. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?
32. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.
33. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon?
4
Name: ________________________
ID: A
34. Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this
relationship important?
35. Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 12–8
36. Classifying What general type of mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D in Figure 12-8?
37. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?
38. Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12-8.
39. Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12-8 does a segment of a chromosome become
oriented in the reverse direction?
40. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process produces two chromosomes with translocations?
5
ID: A
12
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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30.
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B
D
C
C
B
D
D
A
A
C
A
C
C
C
B
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
D
B
C
C
B
A
A
A
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p. 288
p. 291
p. 299
p. 296
p. 300
p. 300
p. 301
p. 302
p. 302
p. 301
p. 308
p. 310
p. 310
p. 311
p. 312
p. 289
p. 294
p. 297
p. 295
p. 300
p. 301
p. 301
p. 303
p. 304
p. 306
p. 307
p. 309
p. 310
p. 311
p. 312
OTHER
31. ANS:
Translation (or protein synthesis) is illustrated.
REF: p. 304
1
ID: A
32. ANS:
Structure C is a ribosome.
REF: p. 304
33. ANS:
Structure F is a codon.
REF: p. 302
34. ANS:
The codons and anticodons have complementary nitrogenous bases, allowing them to base pair. Since each
tRNA carries only one kind of amino acid, the base pairing between the anticodons and codons brings a
specific sequence of amino acids to the ribosomes.
REF: p. 304
35. ANS:
The bond between the methionine and its tRNA will be broken. The tRNA will move away from the
ribosome, allowing the ribosome to bind with another tRNA. The ribosome will move down the mRNA to the
next codon.
REF: p. 304
36. ANS:
A chromosomal mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D.
REF: p. 308
37. ANS:
Process D involves two chromosomes.
REF: p. 308
38. ANS:
Process A results in the deletion of a segment of a chromosome. Process B results in the duplication of a
segment of a chromosome.
REF: p. 308
39. ANS:
A segment of a chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse direction during process C.
REF: p. 308
40. ANS:
Process D is a translocation.
REF: p. 308
2
12 [Answer Strip]
B
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1.
ID: A
C 10.
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A 18.
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C 25.
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A 11.
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A 19.
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C 26.
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C 12.
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A 20.
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B 27.
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B 21.
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D
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2.
A 28.
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C 13.
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A 22.
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A 29.
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C 14.
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D 23.
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C
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3.
A 30.
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B 15.
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C
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4.
B 16.
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B
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5.
A 17.
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D
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6.
D
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7.
A
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8.
B 24.
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A
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9.