Flor Sanchez
C Block
Chapter 1: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown
Vocabulary:
Taille: the direct tax on the French peasantry
Estates General: the medieval French parliament. It consisted of three separate
groups, or “estates”: clergy, nobility, and commoners. It last met in 1789 at the
outbreak of the French Revolution
Fragmentation: the process or state of breaking or being broken into small or
separate parts
Papal Authority: declared the Church’s saints, disposed benefices to clergy, and
created a centralized papal monarchy with a strong political mission
Unam Sanctum: this famous statement of papal power declared royal, temporal
authority to be “subject” to the spiritual power of the church
Curia: the papal government
Ecclesiastical: of or relating to a church especially as an established institution
Donatism: the heresy that taught the efficacy of the sacraments depended on
the moral character of the clergy who administered them
Conciliar Theory: the argument that general councils were superior in authority
to the pope and represented the whole body of the faithful
Boyars: The Russian nobility
Impotent: lacking in power, strength, or vigor
Legitimate: having full filial rights and obligations by birth