Analog and Digital Trainer Kit
M21-7000
• Introduction
• Technical Specifications
• Concept of Logic gates
• Logic Gates ICs
• FULL Adder
• Gray Code to Binary Conversions
Introduction
•
Analog and digital trainer Kit M21-7000 has been
designed with the idea of providing facilities essential
for conducting simple experiments in the laboratory.
• High level, high quality digital-analog trainer
• Combines all essential function of analog and digital
experiment
• Using these facilities one get oneself familiarized with
the various digital Ics
Technical Specifications
• Solder less Breadboard
• DC Power Supply ±5V, ± 15V
• Potentiometer
• Function generator
• 16 Bit Data Switch
• Two Pulse Switch
• Speaker
• Four Channel Adaptor
• Two Digitals of 7 Segment led display
• 16 bit display
• Universal Connector fixed holder
Concept of Logic gates
• Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic
gates.
•
These gates are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR,
EXOR and EXNOR gates.
• The basic operations are described below with the aid of
truth table
AND Gate
• The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high
output (1) only if all its inputs are high.
• A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation i.e. A.B.
•
Bear in mind that this dot is sometimes omitted i.e. AB
OR Gate
• The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if
one or more of its inputs are high.
• A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation.
NOT
• The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted
version of the input at its output.
•
It is also known as an inverter.
•
If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT A.
NAND
• This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by
a NOT gate.
• The outputs of all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low.
• The symbol is an AND gate with a small circle on the output.
• The small circle represents inversion.
NOR
• This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a
NOT gate.
• The outputs of all NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high.
• The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on the output.
• The small circle represents inversion.
Exclusive-OR
• The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if
either, but not both, of its two inputs are high.
• An encircled plus sign () is used to show the EOR operation.
EXNOR gate
• The 'Exclusive-NOR' gate circuit does the opposite to the EOR gate.
•
It will give a low output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are
high.
•
The symbol is an EXOR gate with a small circle on the output.
• The small circle represents inversion
Logic Gates ICs
• Standard logic gates are available in 14 pin or 16 pin DIL (dual in
line) chips.
• The number of gates per IC varies depending on the number of
inputs per gate.
•
Two−input gates are common, but if only a single input is required,
such as in the 7404 NOT(or inverter) gates, a 14 pin IC can
accommodate 6 (or Hex) gates.
• The greatest number of inputs on a single gate is on the 74133
13 input NAND gate, which is accommodated in a 16 pin package.
Pin Diagrams of ICs
QUAD 2-Input AND GATE
• 54/7408
• 54H/74H08
• 54S/74S08
• 54LS/74LS08
QUAD 2-Input OR GATE
• 54/7432
• 54S/74S32
• 54LS/74LS32
Cont’d
HEX Inverter
• 54/7404
• 54H/74H04
• 54S/74S04
• 54LS/74LS04
HEX Inverter Buffer/Driver(With
Open-Collector A high-Voltage
Output)
• 54/7406
Cont’d
QUAD 2-Input NAND GATE
• 54/7400
• 54H/74S00
• 54S/74S00
• 54LS/74LS00
QUAD 2-Input NOR GATE
•54/74S02
•54S/74S02
•54LS/74LS02
Cont’d
TRIPLE 3-Input And Gate
• 54/7411
• 54/74H11
• 54H/74S11
• 54LS/74LS11
QUAD 2-Input Exclusive OR
GATE
• 54LD/74LS86
Full Adder
Gray Code to Binary Conversions