1.
Characteristics of Pterophyta and Lycophyta
a. Possess Vascular Tissues Called
a. Phloem
b. Xylem
B. Plants are Seedless and flowerless
c. Reproduce spores in Leaf-like structure called sporophylls
d. The sporophyte stage is dominant – diploid form dominant
2. Two Phylla
A. Pterophyta
a. Ferns
b. Horsetails
c. Whisk ferns
b. Lycophyta
a. Club Mosses
Phylum: Pterophyta (Ferns, Whisk Fern, Horsetail)
Ferns (>10,000 species)
List of Major Parts of a Fern and Describe their Function:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Frond: Photosynthesis
Sori (sorus): Reproduction
Prothallium (Gametophyte): Reproduction
Stalk (Stipe): Transport
Rhizome – Horizontal stems for support
Roots – suck up water, nutrients
Actual Fern
1. Spore developed into Protonema
2. Protonema develop into Prothallium, Prothallium is a heart-shape gametophyte with both
archegonia and antheridia
3. Fertilization of egg ultimately produces sporophyte growing out of archegonium
4. As sporophyte grows and develop into the fern plant, the gametophyte withers away
Observe the Fiddlehead of Fern
Fiddlehead contain vitamins, omega 3 and 6
Whisk Fern
Procedure 29.3 (examine Psilotum)
Horsetails
Club Moss (Lycophyta)
Procedure 29.4 (examine club moss strobilus)