روائع الترجمة براعة المترجم
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ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ:ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ()ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺳﺤﺮ... ﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﱐ Charming Sentimental Art Ramadan in Cairo .. How does art taste in the ﻣﺬﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻦ... ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ shade of history? ﰲ ﺃﺣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ Every year a charming guest pays us a very nice, ﻣـﺎ، ﻃﻴﻔـﻪ ﲞﻔﱠـﺔﺿﻴﻒ ﺳﺎﺣﺮ ﳝﺮ yet short-lived, visit. Just after that pleasant guest ﺨ ﱢﻠﻔﹰــﺎ ﻣ،ﺇﻥ ﺗﻨﺘﺒــﻪ ﳌــﺮﻭﺭﻩ ﻳﺘﺮﻛــﻚ pays farewell, a feast comes. .ﺍ ﺑﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯﺍ ﻭﻭﻋﺪﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻋﻴﺪ It is … Ramadan! A very sought-after guest with a magic wand that amazingly transforms souls, makes Mercy gates wide open for us and paves our way to Forgiveness. It eventually gives us a chance to avoid dwelling in Hell in the hereafter. During Ramadan our hearts worship our most beloved Creator devotedly, our souls soar in divine spheres, we are given a chance to tame our shrewd selves, and our souls dive into the fantastic ‘Ramadan Ocean’ to collect invaluable pearls. 28 ﻣﻦ1 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴــﺤﺮ ﺍﻟــﺬﻱ ﳝ ـﺮ... ﺭﻣﻀــﺎﻥ - ﺍ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺛـﲏ ﻋﺸـﺮ ﺷـﻬﺮ- ﺑﻚ ﻭﻳﻔـﺘﺢ،ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺳﺤﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺣـﻚ ﻭﻣِـــﻦ ﺛﹶـــﻢ،ﳍـــﺎ ﺃﺑـــﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﲪـــﺔ ﺭﺣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺃﻣﻠﹰـﺎ ﻗﹸﺮﺏﻬﺪﻳﻚ ﻟﻴ،ﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ، ﻳﺬﻭﺏ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﻧﻚ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ.ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻭﲡﺎﻫــﺪ،ﻔــﻮ ﺭﻭﺣــﻚ ﺑﺴــﻤﺎﺣﺔﻭ ﻭﺗﻐــﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﻭﺣــﻚ،ﻧﻔﺴــﻚ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﹰــﺎ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺃﲨﻞ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻦ .ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ :ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 1 )ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ( 2 ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ The Struggle for Women's Rights ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﺎ Continues in the Congo ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ﻝ 3ﺃﻭﺩﻭﻧﻮﻻ ﺃﻭﺟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﰲ Odunola Ojewumi is a student at ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﺭﺩ .ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ Howard University. She is serving as List ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ Population ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﻡ 2009ﻡ. at Intern Management Action International for the Spring 2009 semester. ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﻁ/ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ On February 21st, I attended a meeting ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻣﺆﲤﺮﺍ ﲢﺖ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ sponsored by Friends of The Congo. "It ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ .ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ "is our call to action to save the Congo 1ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. 2ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻷول ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ "ﺳﺒﺎق اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ" اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وﺣﻮار اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت )ﻋﺘﯿﺪة( ﻋﺎم 2011م .وﻗﺪ اﺗﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻧﮭﺞ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة ﻹﯾﺼﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاد. 3 اﻟﻤﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎرس /آذار ﻋﺎم 2009م – اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻢ. ﻧﺸﺮ ھﺬا ُ ُ ِ َ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 2ﻣﻦ 28 ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎ "ﳓﻦ stood as the message and slogan for ﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻹﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ" .ﻭﻗﺪ this conference. The meeting offered a ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕٍ ﻭﻓﲑﺓﹰ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﺳﺎﺓ great amount of information about the ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻳﻼﺗِﻬﺎ ﺳﻜﺎﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ .ﻭﻗﺪ devastating tragedy in the Congo. There ﺃﹸﻟﹾﻘِﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕٍ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ،ﻛﺎﻧﺖ were four key speakers including a ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﲔ Congolese speaker who fled from the violence there. ﺍﳍﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ. ﻭﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺬﺍﺑﺢ ﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓٍ Nearly six million Congolese have been ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔٍ ﺣﺼﺪﺕ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﻫﺰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻼﻳﲔ ﻛﻮﻧﻐﻮﱄ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ killed in this genocide yet the average American knows nothing of their ﻋﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﺼﻮﺭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ struggle. We viewed a slide show of the ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻈﺔ organization's last expedition to the ﲟﻦ ﺷﺮﺩﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ .ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺟﺌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ .ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ large A camps. refugee Congo percentage of the refugee camps they ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﲢﻜﻲ ﻣﺄﺳﺎﺓ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺪﻣﻰ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐvisited were heavily populated by ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻯ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳉﺒﲔ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺯﺕ women and children. Each photograph ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﲟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻗﻠﱯ ﻭﻣﻠﹶﻜﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﺣﻲ .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻜﻨﻪ told a story of hardship. One picture truly stood out for me. It was a picture ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 3ﻣﻦ 28 ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ .ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ of a home for a family of five, made of ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥ؛ ﻭﺗﱪﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔِ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺍﻥ ﻭﻏﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺷﺎﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﰎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ wood and twigs which truly re-defined the term "singe family home." This ﺑﺸﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻣﺮﻭﻋﺔ conference made me re-evaluate my ﺧﻠﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ priorities and examine the effects of ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﲏ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ war on the innocent. ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ. ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺻﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ The conference also included the ﻋﺒﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺎ. ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻙ perspectives of Congolese women. ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺿﻬﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﹸﺮﺓ؟ Rape has been used against women as ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲡﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺓﹶ ﻛﺄﺱِ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺷﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺸﻴﺔ؟ an instrument of war in the Congo. ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪِﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﻙ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕMany women are raped with blunt ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﹲ ﴰﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻞ؟ objects, sticks, and machetes. The ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺪﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﺪﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺼﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ women are scarred physically and ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺀ ﺗﻐﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻦ؟ emotionally, and many must have ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻀﻌﻦ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﺔ surgical operations to repair their ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﻌﺔ؟ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 4ﻣﻦ 28 ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ reproductive organs from the damage. ﲜﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺗﻠﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ Friends of the Congo is currently ﳍﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ؟ raising money to fund these surgeries. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻴﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﺓAttending this meeting opened my eyes ... ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻩ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ to the fact that the struggle for ﻟﺘﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ .ﻭﲤﺜﻞ women's rights is still very much alive. ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺬﳍﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ Friends of the Congo's work in the ﰲ ﺃﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺑﺜﺎ ﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ international community shows the ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﱵ spirit of International Women's Day-- ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻀﺎﻓﺮ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﲔ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ .ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﳛﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﺬﹶﻟﹾﻦ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﺍ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﺆﻭﺩ ﻭﻧﺠﺤﻦ ﰲ ﲣﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻘﱠﻘﹾﻦ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﹰﺎ ﺻﻌﺒﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻝ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻳﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺏ ﻟﺪﻯ men and women unifying to advocate for the rights of women. This day celebrates the lives of women, who insurmountable overcome have struggles and highlights causes that promote reproductive health rights, and condemns sexual violence against ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ women and children. ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﲔ Congo is the one of the world's ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 5ﻣﻦ 28 ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﺘﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ largest producers of coltan, or ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺎﻧﺘﺎﻻﻳﺖ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻸ ﻋﺎﳌﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺟﻮﺍﻟﺔٍ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﳏﻤﻮﻟﺔٍ material a columbite-tantalite, found in almost all of our cell ﻭﻛﺎﻣﲑﺍﺕِ ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔٍ ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓِ ﺑﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ .ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﻫﺬﺍ phones, laptops, video cameras, ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺪﻫﺶ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ devices. ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻨﻌﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣِﻨﺎ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﲨﻬﺎ -ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺪﻫﺶ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ other and Bluetooth Congolese mine workers are so underpaid that they can barely ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺩ ﳚﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺪ ﺭﻣﻖ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﺋﻼﻢfeed their families. The average ، ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ! ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ annual income for a Congolese ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﻸﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ. family is $800 and $100 for an individual person. ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺷﻌﺮﺕAs the conference came to an end, I ﺑﺄﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻤﻠﹾﺖ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻓﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ learned as a consumer it is my ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ .ﻭﻟِﻢ ﻻ ﻭﳓﻦ obligation to protect the people of ﻧﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﲟﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ the Congo. We use the products they ﻳﻄﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥﹸ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ help produce yet this issue remains a ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﻢ ،ﻭﻻ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﺪ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﺸﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻨﻚ silent issue. The voice for the women of Congo shall not be silenced on the ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 6ﻣﻦ 28 ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺆﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ؟ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ eve of International Women's Day. ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺼﺮﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ The Friends of The Congo have set up ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺎ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻈﻤﺖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔﹸ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀِ fundraiser events in Maryland and ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﲡﻤﻌﺎﺕٍ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕٍ ﲢﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻉ D.C. For more information visit their web site at: ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ ﺳﺘﻌﻘﹶﺪ ﰲ ﻣﲑﻳﻼﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﻄﻦ .ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ www.friendsofthecongo.org ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ: www.friendsofthecongo.org ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻮﺯ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 7ﻣﻦ 28 ﺗﺮﲨﺔ :ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 4 )ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ( ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺣــﻰ ﺍﳊــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﻋـــﺎﻡ 1939ﻡ ﺣـــﱴ ﻋـــﺎﻡ 1945ﻡ ،ﻭﻗـــﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﻮﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺩﻭﻝ .ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻗــﻮﻉ ﻧﺰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘــﺔ ﺑﺘﻠــﻚ ﺍﳊــﺮﺏ .ﻭﻗــﺪ ﺷــﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻠــﻚ ﺍﳊــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴــﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤـــﻰ ﻣـــﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌـــﺎﱂ، ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﻣــﻦ ﺑﻴﻨــﻬﺎ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤــﻰ ،ﻭﻗــﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﺴـــﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻤـــﺎ ﺑﻴﻨـــﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﻠـــﺘﲔ ﻣﺘﺤﺎﺭﺑﺘﲔ :ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﳊﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﶈـﻮﺭ .ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﻧــﺎﺭ ﺣـــﺮﺏٍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘــﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺜﻠﻤـــﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻧﲑﺍﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ،ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺷـﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ 100ﻣﻠﻴـﻮﻥ ﺷـﺨﺺ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﻛﺜــﺮ ﻣــﻦ 30ﺩﻭﻟــﺔ .ﻭﻷــﺎ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ "ﺣﺮﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ" ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺨﺮﺕ ﻛﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺸـــﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻬـــﺎ ﻛﺎﻓـــﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎـــﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼـــﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـــﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـــﺔ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺮﰊ ،ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔـﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ. World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world’s nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of “total war”, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.5 4ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 8ﻣﻦ 28 5 ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 6 ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﻕ ﺧﻄﺮ ﳑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪﺓ! MORTIFYING A MORTAL AND THREAT ﻋـــﺎﻡ 1776ﻡ ...ﻳـــﻮﻡ ﻭﺟـــﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـــﻮﻥ IN I776, SUDDENLY, AMERICANS ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺄﺯﻕ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﻫﻢ WERE ON THEIR OWN. ﻛــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠــﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﻮﻥ -ﻭﺍﻟــﺬﻳﻦ ﻛــﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﺮﻓــﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺘــﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺠــﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌــﺎﱂ ﺍﳉﺪﻳــﺪ – ﻛــﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﻣﻀــﻰ ﻳﺒﺤــﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣــﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻴﻄــﺎﺕ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣــﱳ ﻗــﻮﺍﺭﻢ ﻭﺳــﻔﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﲪﺎﻳﺔِ ﺃﻗـﻮﻯ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﲝـﺮﻱ ﻋﺮﻓـﻪ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺭﻳﺦ – ﺍﻷﺳـﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـــﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄـــﺎﱐ .ﻭﻟﻜـــﻦ ﺑـــﲔ ﻋﺸـــﻴﺔ Previously, merchants from the New World blithely sailed the oceans in their brigs, sloops, and schooners, confident of the protection of history's most powerful navy. That security vanished overnight, however, with the outbreak of the 6ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 9ﻣﻦ 28 ﻭﺿــﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺨــﺮ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣــﻦ ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻧــﺪﻻﻉ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ .ﺇﺫ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄـﺎﱐ ﺍﳍﺎﺋــﻞ -ﺍﻟــﺬﻱ ﻛــﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣــﺎ ﻣــﺎ ﳝﺜــﻞ ﻋــﲔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ -ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻠـﺪﻭﺩ .ﻭﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﲝﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﻟﺴـﻔﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ ﺗﺘﻌــﺮﺽ ﻟﻠــﻬﺠﻮﻡ ﻣﻨــﺬ ﳊﻈــﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬــﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺳــﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺗﻜـﺎﺩ ﺗﺼــﲑ ﺑــﻼ ﺣــﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗــﻮﺓ ﺇﻥ ﲡــﺮﺃﺕ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟــﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ. ﺇﻥ ﻏﻴـــﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘـــﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـــﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳـــﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ،ﺑـﻞ ﺟﻌـﻞ ﺑﻘـﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺮ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ – ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸـﺮ -ﺩﻭﻟـﺔ ﲝﺮﻳـﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﰲ ﺩﺧﻠـــﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـــﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴـــﺔ ،ﻭﻛـــﺎﻥ ﺳـــﻜﺎﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﻛـــﺰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻃـــﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴـــﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗـﻨﻌﻢ ﲟﺮﺍﻓﺌﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﻭﻭﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻤﺘـﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻨــﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴــﻔﻦ .ﻭﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﺿــﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺣــﺪﺓ ﳍــﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠــﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﻔــﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻘﻀــﻲ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟــﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟـﻞ ﺍﳊﻔـﺎﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﻟــﻮﺍﻫﻲ ،ﻭﺗـﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻓـﻼﺱ. ﻭﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﺍﻟﻘــﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــﺔ ﺣﻴﻨــﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﺟــﻪ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻔﻮﻗﻬـﺎ ﺗﺴــﻠﻴﺤﺎ ﻭﺗــﺪﺭﻳﺒﺎ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃــﺎ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﻣﺘﺸــﺒﺜﺔ ﺑﺸــﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎــﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟــﺬﻱ ﻛــﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣــﺎ ﻣــﺎ ﲢــﺖ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻝ .ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﳝﺘﺪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴـﺔ، ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷـﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺧـﺮ -ﻻ ﻳﻘـﻞ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ -ﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﱪ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ ﺷﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﱐ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ Revolution. The massive British fleet that had once shielded American commerce from harm was now its lethal enemy. With no real navy of their own to defend them, American vessels were exposed to attack from the moment they left their moorings and almost helpless in the open sea. The absence of a naval capability not only endangered American sailors but also imperiled the country's survival. Concentrated along the eastern seaboard, blessed with natural harbors and an abundance of superior shipbuilding wood, eighteenth-century America was in large part a seafaring nation, dependent on foreign trade. A blow to that commerce could pitch the fledgling United States, struggling to preserve its tenuous independence, into bankruptcy. As Continental troops battled against betterarmed and trained British forces, the former colonies clung to their maritime lifeline. One of these led south to the West Indies, but another, no less critical route, extended across ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 10ﻣﻦ 28 ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ. the Atlantic eastward to the blue-water ports of the Mediterranean. ﻛــﺎﻥ ﺣــﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺮ ﺍﻷﺑــﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳــﻂ – ﻭﺍﻟــﺬﻱ ﳝﺘــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻀــﻴﻖ ﺟﺒــﻞ ﻃــﺎﺭﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺎﺿﻮﻝ -ﳝﺜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻗــﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜــﻦ ﺣﻴﻨــﻬﺎ ﲣﻀـــﻊ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺰﺍﻝ ﺑـﲔ ﺃﻳــﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠــﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣــﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ ﻓﺮﺻــﺔ ﻟﻠﺘــﺮﺑﺢ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻉ .ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜــﺎ ﺍﻟﺸــﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺮ ﺍﻷﺑــــﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳــــﻂ ﻛﺎﻧــــﺖ ﳏﻔﻮﻓــــﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨـــﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﻣﻠﻴﺌـــﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼـــﻌﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧـــﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺇﲝﺎﺭﺍ ﳌﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﱳ ﺳﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﻈﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳـﻂ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻷﻃﻠﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻼﻃﻤﺔ ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻳﻄﻐﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻮﺏ ﻫـﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻨــﺪﻓﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺮ ﻏــﲑ ﻣﺒــﺎﻟﲔ ﲟــﺎ ﻗــﺪ ﳛﺼــﻞ ﳍــﻢ .ﻭﻛــﺎﻥ ﲡــﺎﺭ ﺣــﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺮ ﺍﻷﺑــﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﻳﻔﺮﺣــﻮﻥ ﺑــﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﻄــﻮﺍ ﻧﻈــﺮﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣــﺮﻳﻜﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗــﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴــﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳـﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﱂ ﺍﳉﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺧﺸــﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﺒــﻎ ﻭﺳــﻜﺮ .ﻭﻣــﻦ ﺑــﲔ ﺃﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺠــﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻫــﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﺗﺼــﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﻴــﻞ ﺍﻟﻀــﺨﻤﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺷــﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟــﺮﻭﻡ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﻛـــﺔ "ﺑﻮﺳـــﻄﻦ ﺑـــﺎﺭﺗﻴﻜﻴﻮﻻﺭ" -ﻭﺍﻟـــﱵ ﺃﻋــﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﺣﻔــﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﺸــﺪﺩﻱ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜــﺎ )ﺇﳒﻠﺘــﺮﺍ ﺍﳉﺪﻳــﺪﺓ( ،ﻭﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﺗــﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻀــﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﻴــﻞ ﺍﻟﺸـــﺮﺍﺏ ﺗﻠـــﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـــﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﻴـــﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻴـــﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴـــﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟـــﱵ ﻛـــﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴـ ـﺘﻌﻤﺮﻭﻥ ﻗـــﺪ ﻧﻘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻃﺎﻢ Stretching from the Rock of Gibraltar to the Levantine and Anatolian coasts, the Mediterranean basin represented one of the world's last remaining spheres free of European domination, where enter- prising Americans could still seek their fortunes unchecked. Though the trip from North America to the Mediterranean was rarely 'pleasant, requiring six weeks sailing time aboard cold, cramped, and unsanitary vessels, the profits often outweighed the hardships. Local merchants were delighted to exchange capers, raisins, figs, and other Oriental delicacies for New World commodities such as timber, tobacco, and sugar. A singularly brisk business involved the export of puncheons of rum -"Boston Particular" - brewed by the descendants of New England Puritans and traded for barrels of Turkish opium, which the colonists then conveyed to Canton, China or brought home for medicinal purposes. By the 1770s, an estimated one-fifth of ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 11ﻣﻦ 28 ـــﺪﻑ ﺍﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﻴـــﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻏـــﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴــﺔ .ﻭﻗﺒــﻞ ﺣﻠــﻮﻝ ﺳــﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘــﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜـــﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸـــﺮ ﻛـــﺎﻥ ﻣـــﺎ ﻳﻘـــﺪﺭ ﲞﻤـــﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﺟـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ،ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﱳ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ .ﻭﻋﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄـﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻗـﺎﺋﻼ: "ﺷﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﺑﻮﺍ! ﻓﻠﻦ ﲡﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺎ.... ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﻓـﺄ ﺳـﺘﺠﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺎ ﻳﺴـﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺴــﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻــﻠﻴﲔ ﻣﺴــﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛــﻖ ﻣــﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺘﻪ". ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﻻﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻬﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻳـﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳـﻂ .ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﻗﺮﺍﺻــﻨﺔ ﻋـــﺮﺏ ﺗﺰﻳــﻮﺍ ﺑـــﺰﻱ ﺍﺎﻫـــﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻳﻌﺘـﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻭﻳﺼــﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﲪﻮﻻــﺎ ﻭﻳﺴــﺘﺮﻗﱡﻮﻥ ﻣــﻦ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻣﺘﻮــــﺎ .ﻭﻛــــﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴــــﻮﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘـــﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـــﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺳـــﻢ "ﻟﺼـــﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ" ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺻﻨﺔ ﻳﺒﺤـﺮﻭﻥ ﻣــــﻦ ﺍﳌﻐــــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟــــﱵ ﻛﺎﻧــــﺖ ﺣﻴﻨــــﻬﺎ ﺇﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭﻳــﺔ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻠﺔ ،ﻭﻛــﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻛــﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺒﺤﺮﻭﻥ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﺗـﻮﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋـﺮ، ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﻘـﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺳـﻂ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ "ﺑـﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﻐـﺮﺏ" .ﰲ ﺣــﲔ ﻛــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴــﻮﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘــﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ ﺍﲰــﺎ ﺁﺧــﺮ ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣــﻦ ﲰﻌﺘــﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴـــﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟـــﱵ ﻛﺎﻧـــﺖ ﺗﻨﻄـــﻮﻱ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺍﳉﺸﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺳﺔ :ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﲰﻮﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻼﺩ the colonies' annual exports were destined for Mediterranean docks, borne in the holds of some one hundred American ships. "Go where you will," one British businessman in the area grumbled, "there is hardly a petty harbor ... but you will find a Yankee ... driving a hard bargain "with the natives. Prior to the Revolution, the only major threat to America's vital Mediterranean trade came from the Middle East. Styling themselves as mujahideen- warriors in an Islamic Holy war - Arabic-speaking pirates preyed on Western vessels, impounding their cargoes and enslaving their crews. These corsairs, as early Americans called them, sailed from the independent empire of Morocco and the semiautonomous Ottoman regencies of Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers, an area of the Middle East known collectively "in Arabic as al-Maghrib, "the West. Westerners, though, had a different name for the region, one that evoked its notoriety for greed and ferociousness. They called it Barbary. ﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 12ﻣﻦ 28 ﻭﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﺣـﱴ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﻮﺳﺎ ﳚـﺜﻢ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻـﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑـﻴﲔ .ﻓﻜـﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟـــﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻌـــﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻳـــﺪﻱ ﻫـــﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺻـــﻨﺔ - ﻭﺍﻟــﺬﻳﻦ ﻛــﺎﻥ ﻣــﻦ ﺑﻴﻨــﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋــﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴــﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﻷﺳـــﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻜـــﺒﲑ ﻣﻴﺠﻴـــﻞ ﺩﻱ ﺳـــﺮﻓﺎﻧﺘﺲ )1547ﻡ – 1616ﻡ( ،ﻭﺍﻟــــﺬﻱ ﺟﻌــــﻞ ﳏﻨﺘــــﻪ ﻣﻌﻬـــﻢ ﺃﺳـــﺎﺱ ﻣﺴـــﺮﺣﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ -ﻛـــﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬــﻢ ﻳﺒــﺎﻉ ﻛﻤــﺎ ﻳﺒــﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴــﺪ ،ﻟﻴﻠﻘ ـﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺗﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺪﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨـﺎﺟﻢ ﻭﻣﻄـﺎﺑﺦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ. From the twelfth century to the eighteenth, Barbary was Europe's nightmare. Most of the men the pirates capturedamong them Miguel de Cervantes, who based his first play on the ordeal-were sold as slaves destined for deadly toil in mines and galleys. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 13ﻣﻦ 28 7 ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ:ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻡ1973 ﺣﺮﺏ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ On the sixth of October 1973, our brave soldiers succeeded in crossing the Suez Canal and smashing the Bar-Lev Line in a stunning surprise that threw Israel off balance. Consequently, Israel’s ‘invincible’ army was crushed. The Gap issue was the fly in the ointment, it gave Egypt a very hard time. However, the cease-fire resolution put an end to the conflict. ﳒﹶــﺢ1973 ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴــﺎﺩﺱ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﻛﺘــﻮﺑﺮ ﻋــﺎﻡ ِﻧـﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺳـﻞﹸ ﰲ ﻋﺒــﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻨـﺎﺓ ﻭﲢﻄــﻴﻢﺟﻨﻮﺩ ﺧــﻂ ﺑــﺎﺭﻟﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻣﻔﺎﺟــﺄﺓ ﻣﺬﻫﻠــﺔ ﺃﻓﻘــﺪﺕ ـﺰﻡ ﺍﳉـﻴﺶ ﺍﻹﺳـﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻫ،ﺎﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻜﱢـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ.ﻘﻬﺮ" ﻫﺰﳝﺔﹰ ﻧﻜﺮﺍﺀ"ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﻮﻛﺔﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻗـﻒ ﺇﻃـﻼﻕ.ﰲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ .ﻨﻬﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻟﻴ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ After the end of World War I, and while ـﻖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺎ ﺗﻠﻌ the defeated Germany was licking its ﺍﳊــــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴــــﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻗﹼﻌــــﺖ ﺍﻟــــﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي7 28 ﻣﻦ14 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ wounds, the conflicting powers signed the Treaty of Versailles, which officially brought down the curtain on the Great War. That Treaty imposed the strictest controls and restrictions on the German military machine so that Germany could not wage a new war. Nonetheless, when Hitler came to power in Germany, he was keen to rebuild the German war machine in contravention of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Meanwhile, the German leader managed to keep it a secret. Later, he started World War II by sweeping the European countries in succession, and eventually dominated the entire continent. ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻓﲑﺳﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺳـﺪﻟﺖ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳊـﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﲰﻴ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀـﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫـﺪﺓ ﺃﺷـﺪ.ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻵﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺷـﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﻫﺘﻠـﺮ ﺇﱃ.ﻧﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺓ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺎ ﺣـﺮﺹ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓﺪﺳ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰـﺎ ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ ﻣـﺎ ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ ﳒـﺢ،ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻓﲑﺳﺎﻱ ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺳﺮﺍﻟﺰﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﺃﺷـــﻌﻞ ﻓﺘﻴـــﻞ ﺍﳊـــﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـــﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـــﺔ ﺩﻭﻟـﺔ ﺣـﱴﺑﺎﺟﺘﻴﺎﺣﻪ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺛﹾـﺮ .ﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻭﺍﺩﺓ According to myth, when the Greeks despaired of conquering the longbesieged Troy they resorted to a trick: They made a huge hollow wooden horse where soldiers hid inside. When the Trojan people swallowed the bait, the Greek soldiers came out and opened the gates of the city to the defeat of the Trojan people. ﺗﻘــﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺳــﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻏﺮﻳــﻖ ﺣــﲔ ﻳﺌﺴــﻮﺍ ﻣــﻦ ﺣﺼــﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻟﻄــﺮﻭﺍﺩﺓ ﳉــﺄﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﻠــﺔ ﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺒـﺄﺎ ﺿـﺨﻤﺎ ﺧﺸـﺒﻴﻓﺼﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺣﺼﺎﻧ ﻭﺣﲔ ﺍﺑﺘﻠـﻊ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﻃـﺮﻭﺍﺩﺓ.ﺟﻨﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﹸﻌـــﻢ ﺧـــﺮﺝ ﺍﳉﻨـــﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﺘﺤـــﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺍﺑـــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﳍﺰﳝـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺼـﻴﺐ ﺃﻫـﻞ .ﻃﺮﻭﺍﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺟﻢ؟:ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀ .ﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺴﺒﻮﻙﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺗﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍ http://www.facebook.com/TranslationSecretsMagazine/ 28 ﻣﻦ15 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ :ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻦ ﻟﻮﺛﺮ ﻛِﻨﺞ 8 ) (9 ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻦ ﻟﻮﺛﺮ ﻛِﻨﺞ ﺍﻻﺑـﻦ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﺃﺑـﺮﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺻـﺮﻱ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ. ﻭﻛــﺎﻥ ﻳﺘــﺒﲎ ﺃﺳــﻠﻮﺑﺎ ﺳــﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺠــﺎﺝ ﳜﺎﻃﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺮ ،ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ،ﻭﺃﺩﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣـﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ. Martin Luther King Jr was one of America’s most influential civil rights activists. His passionate, but non violent protests, helped to raise awareness of racial inequalities in America, leading to significant political change. ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎﺭﺗﻦ ﻟـﻮﺛﺮ ﻛِــﻨﺞ ﺧﻄﻴﺒـﺎ ﻣﻔﻮﻫـﺎ ﺗﺄﺳــﺮ Martin Luther King was also an ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒـﺎﺏ ﻭﲤـﺲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺗـﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﻮﺏ ،ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ eloquent orator who captured the ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺛﲑ ﻳﺸـﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒـﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ imagination and hearts of people, 8ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. 9ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr6xXti338I&list=PLuGNadlaR3cXB5Rv2zoFPkPJR1NJPfGpl ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 16ﻣﻦ 28 ﺳﻮﺍﺀ. both black and white. ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ: In one of his speeches he said: ﺃﺣﻠــﻢ ﺑﻴــﻮﻡ ﺗﻨــﻬﺾ ﻓﻴــﻪ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ ـﺔ ﻟﺘﻌــﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘـﻲ ﳌـﺎ ﺍﲣﺬﹶﺗـﻪ ﻳﻮﻣـﺎ ﻋﻘﻴـﺪﺓﹰ ﳍـﺎ ﻭﻧﱪﺍﺳــﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻟــﺖ" :ﻭﻧــﺆﻣﻦ ﺑــﺄﻥ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘــﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﺿــﺤﺔ ﻭﺿــﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺸــﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺑﻌــﺔ ﺍﻟﻨــﻬﺎﺭ" ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺳﻴﺔ". ﺃﺣﻠﻢ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻼﻝ ﺟﻮﺭﺟﻴـﺎ ﺍﳊﻤـﺮﺍﺀ ﻷﺭﻯ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﳚﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﺓ ﻃﺎﻭﻟـﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. )ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ( ﻭﻛﻤــﺎ ﺳــﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼــﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑــﻊ ﻣــﻦ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺃﹸﺟﺮِﻳـﺖ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉـﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﺳﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻘــﺎﺏ ﺛــﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻛــﺎﱐ ﻓــﺎﺋﻖ ﱂ ﻳﺴــﺒﻖ ﻟــﻪ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺳـﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻟـﻒ ﻋـﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻨـﺎ ﻟـﻮ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻴﺶ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨـﺎ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﺣـﻮﺍﱄ ﲬﺴــﺔ ﻭﺳــﺘﲔ ﻣﻠﻴــﻮﻥ ﻋــﺎﻡ ﻋﻨــﺪﻣﺎ ﺿــﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻮﻳﻜﺐ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻨـﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺛﺮﻧﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺻﻮﺭﺍﺕ. As I will address in Chapter 4, recent studies on human DNA have revealed that our race came within a hair’s breadth of extinction following the unprecedented super-eruption 74,000 before present, and if we had been around 65 million years ago when a 10-kilometre asteroid struck the planet we would have vanished alongside the dinosaurs. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 17ﻣﻦ 28 ﺗﺮﲨﺔ :ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 10 )ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ( ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﻟﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﻋﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺪﻑ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ ﺗﺘــﺂﻣﺮ -ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣــﺪ ﺯﻋﻤﻬــﺎ -ﻟﺘﻘﻤــﻊ "ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸـــﻌﺐ" ﺍﻟـــﱵ ﻛﺎﻧـــﺖ ﺗﺴـــﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻨـــﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﻟـــﺔ ﺍﺷــﺘﺮﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴــﺎ ﺍﻟﺸــﺮﻗﻴﺔ .ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘــﺔ ﺍﻷﻣــﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﻟﲔ ﺃﻥ ﲢـﻮﻝ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﻷﻋـﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﺣﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺸﻘﲔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻳﺸـﻜﻞ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻻ ﰲ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴـــﺎ ﺍﻟﺸـــﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺣـــﺪﻫﺎ ﺑـــﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠـــﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻠـﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﻘﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.11 10ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 18ﻣﻦ 28 11 ﻭﺍﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﺰﱐ 12 ()ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ Walt Disney was a rare person whose creativity dazzled the entire world in the field of animation. At first, he led a poor life, living in a house shared by mice. However, the man did not leave himself sink into misery. Unleashing his imagination, he imagined that these mice experience adventures. He wrote and drew those ‘adventures’. This is how Mickey Mouse came to the world, followed by other cartoon characters. When the talented man passed away he was one of the richest men in America. ﻗﻠﻤــﺎ ﲡــﺪ ﺷﺨﺼــﻴﺔ ﺗﺸــﺒﻪ ﺷﺨﺼــﻴﺔ ﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺈﺑﺪﺍﻋـﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﺰﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛــﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟــﺖ.ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳــﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛــﺔ ﺍ ﻳﺴــﻜﻦ ﰲﺩﻳــﺰﱐ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳــﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗــﻪ ﻓﻘ ـﲑ ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻞ.ﺑﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺌـﺮﺍﻥ ،ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﻐﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺆﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﺑﻞ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﳋﻴﺎﻟـﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺨﻴـﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌـﻴﺶ ﻣﻐـﺎﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﺧـﺬ ﻳﺴـﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣـــﻦ ﻫﻨـــﺎ،ﺑﻘﻠﻤـــﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﲰﻬـــﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺸـــﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺍﻟــﺖ،(ﺧﺮﺟــﺖ ﻓﻜــﺮﺓ )ﻣﻴﻜــﻲ ﻣــﺎﻭﺱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺣﻞ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ.ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ .ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﲎ ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ . اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻟﯿﻒ أﺷﺮف ﻋﺎﻣﺮ12 28 ﻣﻦ19 ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 1 ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 13 ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺘـﺮﺟﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺗـﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗﺮﲨــﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒــﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣــﺪﺓ ﺑــﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣــﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻭﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻠﻘﻲ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: She is too beautiful for words. ﺗﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﲨﺎﳍﺎ. ﺗﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﲨﺎﳍﺎ. Towards the end of the 19th … century ﺣﲔ ﺷﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ... ﳌﺎ ﺁﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻴﻞ ... The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure. ﺃﻛﱪ ﻋﺎﺋﻖٍ ﻳﻘﻒ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖِ ﳒﺎﺣِﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻮﻓﹸﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ. ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻘﺒﺔٍ ﺗﻘﻒ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖِ ﳒﺎﺣِﻚ ﻫﻲ ﺧﻮﻓﹸﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ. ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳒﺎﺣﻪ ﺧﻮﻓﹸﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ. Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm. ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔﹸ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﻣِﺮﺍﺭﺍ. ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔﹸ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﲪﺎﺳﻚ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﺖ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺗﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻠﺔ. ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔﹸ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺟﺬﻭﺓﹸ ﲪﺎﺳِﻚ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔﹰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺼﻔﺖ ﺑﻚ ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ. ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔﹸ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻗﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺭﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﻛﺄﺳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺄﺱ. 13ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 20ﻣﻦ 28 What keeps me going is goals. ﺃﻫﺪﺍﰲ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺃﻫﺪﺍﰲ ﻗﺎﻃﺮﺓﹸ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺃﻫﺪﺍﰲ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻴﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ. ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﰲ ﻟﻈﻠﻠﺖ ﺣﺒﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺎﱐ. ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﰲ ﻟﹶﻤﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ. Great generosity is one of his characteristics. ﻣﻦ ﺷِﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ.14 ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ. ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ ﻃﺒﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ. ﺟﺒِﻞﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﲤﻲ. I got not a wink of sleep. ﱂ ﺗﻐﻤﺾ ﱄ ﻋﲔ. ﱂ ﻳﻐﻤﺾ ﱄ ﺟِﻔﻦ. ﱂ ﺃﺫﹸﻕ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻡ ﻃﹶﻌﻤﺎ. ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﲏ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ. The disaster became front page news for months. ﺗﺼﺪﺭﺕ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻧﺒﺎﺀُ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ. ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻻ ﺣﺪﻳﺚﹶ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺛﺔ. Unfortunately, all their efforts came to naught. ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﻛﻞﱡ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﺳﺪﻯ. ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﻛﻞﱡ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ. 14ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 21ﻣﻦ 28 ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻛﻞﱡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻮﻩ ﻫﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺜﻮﺭﺍ. She seemed especially enthusiastic about my translation, praising it in glowing terms. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺠﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﱵ ،ﻓﺄﺛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻨﺎﺀً ﻋﻄﺮﺍ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺠﺒﺔ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺏ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﱵ ،ﻓﺄﻃﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﳝﺎ ﺇﻃﺮﺍﺀ. ﺃﺛﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﲨﱵ ﺇﻋﺠﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻓﻤﺪﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕٍ ﺭﻧﺎﻧﺔ. He is the unquestioned master of translation. ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ! ﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﻯ! ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﻻ ﳝﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ! ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺎﻫﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ! ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺑﻼ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻉ! ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﻻ ﻳﺸﻚ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ! ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻋﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ! ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻠﹶﻚ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﻻ ﳚﺎﺩﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ! ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮﺵ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ! ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ :ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ؟ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺷـﻐﻒٍ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻣـﻦ ﰒ ﺇﺩﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻻﺳـﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺎﺕِ ﻣـ ﻦ ﻳﺤﺴِﻨﻮﻥ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻠﻐـﺔ ﺳـﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺳـﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﺍﻻﻃـﻼﻉ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﺮﲨـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒـﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲝﺮ ﺯﺍﺧﺮ ﻳﻨﻬﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺒﺘـﺪﺉ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘـﺪﺭ ﺑـﺜﻤﻦ ،ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘـﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟـﺬﺍﰐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻳـﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ،ﺃﺿـﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﻛﺜـﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜـﺎﻙ ﺑـﺎﳌﺘﺮﲨﲔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﹶﺪ ﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻭﺭﺵِ ﻋﻤـﻞٍ ﻭﻣﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕٍ ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ ﻳﺜـﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﳝﺎ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ. )ﻳﺘﺒﻊ( ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 22ﻣﻦ 28 2 ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ 15 ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻌﻜـﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻋـﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﺘـﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻳـﻪ ﳌـﺎ ﺃﻟِﻔﹶـﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺮﲨـﺎﺕٍ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳـﺔ ﻓﹶﺠـﺔ ﺗﺄﺑﺎﻫـﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﺴـﻨﺔ ﺟـﻞﱢ ﺍﳌـﺬﻳﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳـﻠﲔ ﻭﺿـﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟـﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻴﻐﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌـﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻃﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻋـﻦ ﺃﻟﻔـﺎﻅ ﺟﺰﻟـﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﻨــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺇﺧــﺮﺍﺝ ﺗﺮﲨــﺔٍ ﻓﺼــﻴﺤﺔٍ ﺑﻠﻴﻐــﺔٍ ﻭﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﱡﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﺮ. ﻭﻗﺪﳝﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ :ﺑﺎﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ! ﻓﻤــﻦ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺗﺮﲨــﺔ ﻫــﺆﻻﺀ ﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ ،Exceptionalﻓﻘــﺪ ﺻــﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺭﺅﻭﺳــﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺘــﻬﺎ ﻫﻜــﺬﺍ "ﺍﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ" ﻭﻛـﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻋﻘِﻤـﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺨــﺮﺝ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻟﻔﻈﹰـﺎ ﻓﺼـﻴﺤﺎ ﻳﻮﺻِـﻞ ﺍﳌﻌـﲎ ﺍﳌــﺮﺍﺩ، ﻓﺘﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: He was an exceptional man. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ(. ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣِﺜﹾﻠﹶﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻴﻞﹲ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺼﺮِﻩ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ / .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺔﹶ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡِ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﲡﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﲑﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘِﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥﹸ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ) (16ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﺬﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﲑ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﻠﱠﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ. 15ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺪﻗﻖ ﻟﻐﻮي. ﻛﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺎل. 16أﻋﻨﻲ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﺪرﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺪورات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﺪھﺎ ُ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 23ﻣﻦ 28 ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﺩﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ. ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﲑ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﻛﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀُ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﻳﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘﻤﺖ ﺃﺭﺣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻣِﺜﹾﻠﻪ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: That book made a big difference in my life. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺑﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﺳﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ. ﺷﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ! ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ: ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻗﻠﹶﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺭﺃﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘِﺐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻎﹸ ﺍﻷﺛﺮِ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺛﺮِ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺃﺛﱠﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺃﻳﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﲑback to square one : ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ!( ﺃﻭ )ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ!( ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 24ﻣﻦ 28 ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺗﻴﻨﺎ. ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃﻧﺎ. ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻏﺰﻳﺖ! )ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ( ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓThe result was catastrophic. : ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﻴﺔ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻔﺠﻌﺔ. ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﺔ. ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﻣﺔ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻡ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ :ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ / .ﺃﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺫﺭﻳﻊ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: I experienced that before. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﱪﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ :ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﺮ ﰊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ / .ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ / .ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲜﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: If something goes wrong. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﺇﻥ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ :ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ / .ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺧﻠﻞ / .ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴِﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲦﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ / .ﺇﻥ ﻃﺮﺃﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ / .ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻣﺎ. ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴِﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 25ﻣﻦ 28 3 ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻋﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻳـﻪ ﳌـﺎ ﺃﻟِﻔﹶـﻪ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﲨﺎﺕٍ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﹶﺠﺔ ﺗﺄﺑﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﰊ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺸـﺮﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻟﺴـﻨﺔ ﺟـﻞﱢ ﺍﳌﺬﻳﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳـﻠﲔ ﻭﺿـﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟـﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭﻳـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻴﻐﻮﺹ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳌﻌـﲎ ﺍﳌـﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﹰـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ﻃﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﺛﻨـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺟﺰﻟـﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﻨـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺇﺧـﺮﺍﺝ ﺗﺮﲨـﺔٍ ﻓﺼــﻴﺤﺔٍ ﺑﻠﻴﻐ ـﺔٍ ﻭﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﻧﺎﺋﻴــﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴــﻪ ﻋــﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﱡــﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﺮ. ﻭﻗﺪﳝﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ :ﺑﺎﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ! ﻓﻤــﻦ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺗﺮﲨــﺔ ﻫــﺆﻻﺀ ﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ ،Exceptionalﻓﻘــﺪ ﺻــﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺭﺅﻭﺳــﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺘــﻬﺎ ﻫﻜــﺬﺍ "ﺍﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ" ﻭﻛـﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻋﻘِﻤـﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺨــﺮﺝ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻟﻔﻈﹰـﺎ ﻓﺼـﻴﺤﺎ ﻳﻮﺻِـﻞ ﺍﳌﻌـﲎ ﺍﳌــﺮﺍﺩ، ﻓﺘﺠﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: He was an exceptional man. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ(. ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣِﺜﹾﻠﹶﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻴﻞﹲ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺼﺮِﻩ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ / .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺔﹶ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡِ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﲡﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﲑﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘِﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥﹸ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ) (17ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﺬﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﲑ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﻠﱠﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﺩﺍ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ. ﻛﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺎل. 17أﻋﻨﻲ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﺪرﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺪورات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻘﺪھﺎ ُ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 26ﻣﻦ 28 ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﲑ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻻ ﻛﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀُ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﱂ ﻳﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ / .ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻘﻤﺖ ﺃﺭﺣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻣِﺜﹾﻠﻪ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: That book made a big difference in my life. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺑﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﺳﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ. ﺷﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ! ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ: ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻗﻠﹶﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺭﺃﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘِﺐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻎﹸ ﺍﻷﺛﺮِ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺛﺮِ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ. ﺃﺛﱠﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﺃﻳﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﲑback to square one : ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ!( ﺃﻭ )ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ!( ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺗﻴﻨﺎ. ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃﻧﺎ. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 27ﻣﻦ 28 ﻛﺄﻧﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻏﺰﻳﺖ! )ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ( ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: The result was catastrophic. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﻴﺔ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ: ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻔﺠﻌﺔ. ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﺔ. ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﻣﺔ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻡ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ :ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ / .ﺃﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺫﺭﻳﻊ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: I experienced that before. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﱪﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ :ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﺮ ﰊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ / .ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ / .ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲜﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ. ***************************** ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺘﺮﲨﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ: If something goes wrong. ﻫﻜﺬﺍ) :ﺇﻥ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ(. ﻭﺃﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ :ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ / .ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺧﻠﻞ / .ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴِﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ. ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲦﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ / .ﺇﻥ ﻃﺮﺃﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ / .ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻣﺎ. ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴِﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ. ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 28ﻣﻦ 28