/b/ /b/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
/k/ /g/
2- the air stream is egressive
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
3- /p/ the vocal folds are apart, /b/ the vocal
folds in vibration
2- the air stream is egressive
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
3- /k/ the vocal folds are apart, /g/ the vocal
folds in vibration
5- the active articulator lower lip
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
6- the passive articulator upper lip
5- the active articulator the back of tongue
7- there is a stricture of complete closure
6- the passive articulator is soft palate (velum)
7- there is a stricture of complete closure
/t/ /d/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
/θ/ /ð/
2- the air stream is egressive
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
3- /t/ the vocal folds are apart, /d/ the vocal
folds in vibration
2- the air stream is egressive
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
3- / θ / the vocal folds are apart, /ð/ the vocal
folds in vibration
5- the active articulator the blade of tongue
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
6- the passive articulator is the alveolar
5- the active articulator the tip of the tongue
7- there is a stricture of complete closure
6- the passive articulator is the upper teeth
7- there is a stricture of approximation closure
/f / /v/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
/s/ /z/
2- the air stream is egressive
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
3- /f/ the vocal folds are apart, /v/ the vocal
folds in vibration
2- the air stream is egressive
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
3- / s/ the vocal folds are apart, /z/ the vocal
folds in vibration
5- the active articulator the lower lip
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
6- the passive articulator is upper teeth
5- the active articulator the blade of the
tongue
7- there is a stricture of approximation closure
6- the passive articulator is the alveolar ridge
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
7- there is a stricture of approximation closure
5-/r/ the active articulator the blade of the
tongue /j/ front of the tongue
/ʃ/ /ʒ/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
6- the passive articulator is the hard palate
7- there is a stricture of approximation open
2- the air stream is egressive
3- /ʃ/ the vocal folds are apart, /ʒ/ the vocal
folds in vibration
/m/ /n/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
2- the air stream is egressive
5- the active articulator the blade of the
tongue
3- the vocal folds in vibration
6- the passive articulator is the hard palate
7- there is a stricture of approximation closure
/ ʧ/ /ʤ/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
4- there is no velic closure (nasal)
5-/m/ the active articulator the lower lip /n/
tip of the tongue
6- /m/ the passive articulator is the upper
lip./n/ alveolar ridge
7- there is a stricture of complete closure
2- the air stream is egressive
3- / ʧ / the vocal folds are apart, / ʤ / the
vocal folds in vibration
/ŋ/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
2- the air stream is egressive
5- the active articulator the blade of the
tongue
3- the vocal folds in vibration
6- the passive articulator is the hard palate
7- there is a stricture of approximation closure
4- there is no velic closure (nasal)
5-the active articulator the back of the tongue
6-the passive articulator is the soft palate
7- there is a stricture of complete closure
/r/ /j/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
2- the air stream is egressive
3- the vocal folds in vibration
/w/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
2- the air stream is egressive
3- the vocal folds are in vibration
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
5-the active articulator the lower lip
6- the passive articulator is the upper lip
7- there is a stricture of approximate open
/l/
1- the air stream mechanism is pulmonic
2- the air stream is egressive
3- the vocal folds in vibration
4- there is a velic closure (oral)
5-blade/ tip of the tongue
6-the passive articulator is the alveolar ridge
7- there is a stricture of approximant open
/h/
the articulator for the glottal sound is the two
vocal cords. the sound is produced by an
obstruction, or a narrowing causing friction,
but not by vibration, between the vocal cords.