AP Psychology Review
Important Names to Know
Psychologist
Wilhelm Wundt
(1832-1920)
Subfield
History
William James
(1842-1910)
History
Ivan Pavlov
(1849-1936)
Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Learning
Alfred Binet
(1857-1911)
Edward
Thorndike
(1874-1949)
John Watson
(1878-1958)
Jean Piaget
(1896-1980)
Personality,
clinical
Intelligence
Learning
Learning
Developmental
Benjamin Whorf
(1897-1941)
Erik Erikson
(1902-1994)
Cognition
(language)
Developmental
Carl Rogers
(1902-1987)
Therapy
B.F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Learning
Harry Harlow
(1905-1981)
Developmental
Best-known for:
Established first psychology laboratory in Leipzig,
Germany (1879)
Founder of structuralism
Introspection
Founder of functionalism
Pioneering American psychologist
o Published 1st psychology text
Classical conditioning (dogs & saliva)
Emphasis on unconscious motivations (sexual,
aggressive)
Founder of psychoanalysis (therapy)
4 stage psychosexual theory of personality
development
o Oral, anal, phallic, genital
Dream interpretation, free association
Defense mechanisms
Creator of first intelligence test with Theodore
Simon (1905)
Law of Effect
o Provided basis for behaviorism
Founder of behaviorism
Little Albert
4 stage theory of cognitive development
o Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, formal operational
Whorf’s hypothesis
o Language influences cognition
8 stage theory of psychosocial development
o Conflicts that yield certain personality
characteristics, depending on resolution
Humanistic psychology
Client-centered (person-centered) therapy
o Unconditional positive regard
Operant conditioning
Reinforcement theory
o Skinner box (rats & lever pressing)
Attachment styles among monkeys (fake mothers)
Solomon Asch
(1907-1996)
Abraham Maslow
(1908-1970)
Mary Ainsworth
(1913-1999)
Stanley Schachter
(1922-present)
Albert Bandura
(1925-present)
Lawrence
Kohlberg
(1927-1987)
Noam Chomsky
(1928-present)
Stanley Milgram
(1933-1984)
Phil Zimbardo
(1933-present)
Howard Gardner
(1943-present)
Elizabeth Loftus
(1944-present)
Social
Motivation &
emotion;
Therapy
Developmental
Motivation &
emotion
Learning
Developmental
Cognition
(language)
Social
Social
Intelligence
Cognition
(memory)
Conformity
o Line Length study
Humanistic psychologist
Hierarchy of psychological needs
o Self-actualization
Attachment styles
“Strange situation”: infants & strangers
Two-factor theory of emotion
Social learning theory/modeling
Bobo doll study
3 stage theory of moral development
 preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
nativism: innate, universal grammar
critical period for language development
Obedience to authority
o Deliver shocks to learner
Stanford Prison Experiment
o Importance of social roles
Theory of multiple intelligences
Unreliability of eyewitness testimony
Memory as active construction