CHAPTER 4 list of criteria. The researchers then weighted them based from these 4.1 Site Selection assessments. The proposed site for the Queen Pavilion would be situated in From the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Daet, Camarines Norte. The Local Government through the Daet Tourism Camarines Norte by 2012-2032 the designated areas for tourism Development provided the Provincial Development and Physical building and development shall conform to the following sites: Framework Plan (PPDFP) from 2012-2033. This proposal upholds its vision, furthers the province’s advocacies, and provides 1. Barangay Awitan development that will cater to sports and public events in Camarines 2. Barangay Bagasbas Norte. 3. Barangay Gubat To finally choose the site, the researchers had ascertained three (3) sites obejectively found appropriate for the development and summarized the assessments of these potential sites based from a Justification Evaluation results revealed that Site B (Barangay Gubat, Daet Camarines Norte) garnered the highest score of 83 points. Hence, it will be the site best suited for the Queen Pavilio 44 | P a g e FIGURE 4.1 Site Selection 45 | P a g e EVALUATION SUMMARY POTENTIAL SITES: (BAGASBAS, GUBAT, AWITAN) POTENTIAL SITES EVALUATION CRITERIA MEASUREMENT SITE ACCESSIBILILTY Site A POTENTIAL LOCATION Site B Site C Associated with Associated with Associated with green field site semi urban semi urban concept and half concept and far Potential locations can be divided into concept and away from the from the Central three broad categories; central urban, location for Central Business Business Park of semi urban and greenfield sites tourism growth of District of Daet. Daet. Assesses connectivity potential of site to The nearest place Potential for surrounding areas from the Terminal developmental the Municipality. INTEGRATION 46 | P a g e The boom of of Daet and few commercial status Tourism kilometers from of the place and Development is the Tourism Zone few within the site of the Municipality. establishments plus the vistas of are within. Pacific Ocean. VISUAL IMPACT The availability of The site is mostly The site is mostly vistas from the covered by its own hamlet kind of Pacific Ocean is element of occupancy that Imposes potential for views and vistas major key to dwelling from results into a access from the site and in between introduce a major different kind of intention way of surrounding areas impact for occupancy that’s travelling the potential vsisbility results a less vistas from people of the site value of visibility and commercial 47 | P a g e from other entity of the surroundings Municipality. Site is accessible Site is accessible with the use on foot but Site is easy pedertrian or by walking is not access for those Imposes accessibility and safety onto foot within the desirable during who are within the arterial roadway barangay but sunny days as the barangay but kilometers away walkways to kilometers away VEHICULAR, PEDSEDTRIAN , from the Centro of thesite are highly from the CBD of ACCESSIBILITY AND SAFETY Daet. exposed to the the Municipality. DESIGN SCHEME heat of the sun. There were no There were no cultural/historic cultural/historic There were no resources that resources that cultural/historic could be affected. could be affected. HISTORIC RESOURCE Avoids impacts to historic resources 48 | P a g e resources that could be affected. Imposes the need for relocation of existing No existing No existing No existing development no required development to development to development to residential/business relocation is preferred relocate. relocate. relocate. SIGNIFICANCE OF RELOCATION Site is classified Site is classified as a Tourism Spot Site is classified as as a Tourism Spot LAND USE COMPATABILITY Assesses consistency with comprehensive land use plan future designation and zoning classification of General Zoning a Tourism Spot of of General Zoning of the General Zoning of of the the Municipality. Municipality. Municipality. 49 | P a g e Location of the site is within the Tourism Location of the site Location of the Development is more site is more Growth of the focused on focused on Municipality and business and business and the main objective commercial commercial activities. activities. Site is covered by Site is covered by trees and cutting. trees and SUPPORTS COMMUNITY The consistency with vision plans, GOP's is Water front GOALS AND OBJECTIVE and comprehensive plans, and other Development adopted plans from the Local Government. ENVIRONMENTAL COLLISION Minimizes well and floodplain impacts vegetation and 50 | P a g e No harmful effect cutting cannot be to environment avoided. DEFINING THE SITE and full of bushes. SITE AREA SECURITY ISSUES The area of the The area of the The area of the site is in total of site is in total of site is in total of 2.9 hectares 0.63 hectares that 1.2 hectares Large enough to comfortably projecting to Cory belongs to semi achieving the accommodate the Queen Pavillion and Aquino urban concept of green fields allow easy pedestrian circulation around Boulevard. the local concept of local the perimeter. ordinance. ordinance. Efficiency to response in any emergency Site is highly Site is highly The site is within visible to the visible to the the Aquino public. public. situation 51 | P a g e Boulevard and characterized by safety and security solutions SITE OWNERSHIP Site is owned by Owned by the Owned by the Manuel Castro a Government for Government for private future future Verification of that the correct deeds of practitioner and developmental developmental ownership have been secured and legal open for public growth and growth and obligations on the land/property being private recreation recreation acquired partnership (PPP) 52 | P a g e Far from the Far from the CONNECTION TO PUBLIC Central Business Central Business UTLITIES District the main Nearest site for an District the main The main connections to electrical, gas, supplier of all open public supplier of all water and waste services. connections to all utilities. connections to all public utilities. public utilities. The character The character The character within the site is within the site is within the site is basically sloping surrounded by covered by trees and some parts of green fields way of and vegetation sites ones with minimal, older the site was full of concept. and surrounded improvements are preferred contour. Assesses extent and condition of any EXISTING CONDITIONS existing development on the site. vacant by bushes. 53 | P a g e The site is FUTURE EXPANSION Weight Factor essentially open The site is The site is for future essentially open essentially open Adjacent areas are available for facility expansion that for future for future expansion corresponds to its expansion that expansion that value of property corresponds to its corresponds to its value of property value of property Point System 5 – Very Important 2- Excellent 4 – Important 1- Good 3 – Essential 0- Fair 2 – Somewhat Important -1 - Poor 1 – Not Important -2 - Unacceptable 54 | P a g e WEIGHT POTENTIAL SITES FACTO EVALUATION CRITERIA MEASUREMENT R PS Site A x WF Site B x WF Site C x WF (WF) SITE ACCESSIBILILTY Potential locations can be 5 2 2 divided into three broad POTENTIAL categories; central urban, LOCATION semi urban and green field sites 2 10 10 10 55 | P a g e Assesses connectivity potential of site to INTEGRATION 4 2 surrounding areas 2 8 2 8 8 Imposes potential for views and vistas access from the site and in VISUAL IMPACT 5 1 2 1 between surrounding areas 5 10 5 VEHICULAR, PEDSEDTRIAN , Imposes accessibility and ACCESSIBILITY safety onto arterial AND SAFETY roadway 4 1 2 4 2 8 8 56 | P a g e DESIGN SCHEME 1 HISTORIC Avoids impacts to historic RESOURCE resources 4 1 4 1 4 4 Imposes the need for relocation of existing SIGNIFICANCE development no required 5 -1 1 1 OF residential/business -5 5 5 RELOCATION relocation is preferred Assesses consistency with LAND USE comprehensive land use 3 1 3 2 6 2 6 COMPATABILIT plan future designation Y and zoning classification 57 | P a g e SUPPORTS COMMUNITY The consistency with GOALS AND vision plans, GOP's and OBJECTIVE comprehensive plans, and 5 2 ENVIRONMENT Minimizes well and AL COLLISION floodplain impacts 10 5 0 0 2 10 1 5 10 0 0 Large enough to comfortably accommodate SITE DEFINING THE other adopted plans 2 10 5 5 SITE AREA the Queen Pavillion and 5 2 1 1 allow easy pedestrian 58 | P a g e circulation around the perimeter. SECURITY Efficiency to response in ISSUES any emergency situation 4 -2 -8 -1 -4 -2 -8 Verification of that the correct deeds of ownership have been SITE secured and legal OWNERSHIP obligations on the land/property being 5 2 2 1 10 10 4 0 3 6 acquired 59 | P a g e CONNECTION The main connections to TO PUBLIC electrical, gas, water and UTLITIES waste services. 3 0 1 2 3 2 0 1 Assesses extent and condition of any existing development on the site. EXISTING vacant sites ones with CONDITIONS minimal, older improvements are 6 0 preferred 3 FUTURE EXPANSION -4 2 -2 3 1 6 2 60 | P a g e Adjacent areas are available for facility expansion 53 83 72 Total 61 | P a g e 4.2 Profile of the Site thirty or forty estados in depth." In the thriving settlement of Daet, the Daet is an ancient settlement. Its history dates back from the Spaniards noted that the houses were clustered together for safety time the Tabon cave men, from either Kalanay Caves of Masbate or and protection. Thus, the word Daet was derived from the Bicol word the Kagraray Cave in Albay, who escaped from their Rajah. The myth “dait-daitan” which means “close to each other.” about the Malayan traders as the first people in the Bicol region has been debunked by the excavations made in the Kalanay and Kagraray caves. Based on the excavations, archeologists indicated that Malayan settlers came later. In 1521, Governor General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi sent Geographic Location The Municipality of Daet is the capital of Camarines Norte and is geographically nestled approximately 112 Degrees-54 Minutes to 123 Degrees-1 Minute East Longitude and 14 Degrees-2 Minutes to Captain Juan de Salcedo to locate the rich gold mines of Paracale. 14 Degrees-10 Minutes North Latitude. It is 365 kilometers away On his arrival, Salcedo found thriving settlements built around the from Metro Manila or eight hours drive by bus and forty-five minutes gold mines in Paracale and Mambulao (now the municipality of Jose trip by plane. Panganiban) as well as in Daet and Indan. Salcedo found the mines of Mambulao and Paracale "to be excellent, very rich and more than 62 | P a g e Daet was the first major growth center at the northern entry Territorial Jurisdiction point of the Bicol Region when the Quirino Diversion Road was not Daet has a total land area of approximately 5,146.49 yet in existence. The northing coordinates definitely shows Daet hectares or equivalent to 2.22% of the total land area, 232,007 geographically located as the first of the major centers in the hectares of Camarines Norte province. The municipality is composed Legazpi-Iriga-Naga-Daet Growth Corridor (LINDGC) from Metro of 25 barangays. The table shows that Calasgasan has the largest Manila. land area of about 844.30 hectares of 14.41% followed by Dogongan with 8.64% or 506.2 hectares. The Barangay VI (Centro) has the The Pacific Ocean serves as Daet’s boundary in the north, the Municipality of Mercedes in the east, the Municipality of Basud in the least area comprising of about 12.50 hectares or 0.21% of the total land area of the municipality. south, the Municipality of San Lorenzo Ruiz (formerly Imelda) in the southwest, the Municipality of San Vicente in the west, and the Municipality of Talisay in the north-west. Demography Based on the 2007 Socio-economic Profile of the municipality, Daet has the largest share in the population of the Province of Camarines Norte with 94,184 or 18.33% of the provincial population of 513,785 as of the August 2007 Census. Profile of the municipality 63 | P a g e or equivalent to 18.33% of the provincial population of 513,785 as of the urban communities is computed at 2.16%. The barangay having the August 2007 census. The study of population is important to the lesser projected increase is Barangay Bibirao. determine its relationship with the inherent physical resources. The combination of population and physical resources give rise to social, economic, infrastructure, local administration, Land Use environmental It is hereby adopted as an integral part of this Ordinance, the management and land use concerns, which should be addressed a) growth centers and zoning description summarized below and b) accordingly by the Local Government Unit of DAET. the Official Zoning Maps (OZM) found in Annex 1. The Growth The 2007 population of Daet is expected to increase at an Centers/Corridors namely 1) Poblacion-Calasgasan-Camambugan- average of 66,510 by Year 2032 at a constant 2.16 percent annual Bibirao-Magang Growth Center (or New Daet Growth Center) growth rate. The population of the municipality is projected to grow covering Barangay I to VIII, Camambugan, Calasgasan, Magang, in twenty years with an additional 66,510, where Barangays Bibirao, Lag-on and Gahonon; 2) Bagasbas-Awitan-Gubat Growth Alawihao, Barangay IV (Mantagbac), and Camambugan are the top Center covering Barangays of Bagasbas, Awitan, Gubat and three as shown in Table 6 with expected new populations of 15,357, Borabod; 3) Alawihao-Lag-on Growth Center covering Barangays of 12,873, and 12,824. The average increase in barangay population of Alawihao, Lag-on, Mancruz, Pamorangon, Cobangbang and Gubat; 64 | P a g e and 4) Circumferential and Radial Road Corridors covering crops require relatively cool temperature in order to grow and bear developments along circumferential and radial. roads in Daet. fruit successfully. General Zoning Map Slope The official zoning map for the entire municipality, wherein the The Municipality of Daet is characterized as generally flat designation, location, and boundaries of the districts/zones herein terrain. The slope ranges 0-3% which is described as level to very established are shown, are hereby adopted as an integral part of this gently sloping as shown. Sharp slope can be found only in some Ordinance. Such official General Zoning Maps shall be signed by the embankments of Daet River local chief executive and duly authenticated by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan. Soil Condition The soils of the municipality of Daet are classified by the Elevation Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) into two groups, Elevation plays an important role in the growing of crops due namely, (1) soils of the plains and the valleys, and (2) soils of to its influence on moisture availability and thermal regimes. Certain miscellaneous land types. There are also materials which cannot be classified as true soils because they are not the product of 65 | P a g e weathering of the horizons and are not related to one another as far Table - (EM01) Area Distribution of Soil Type, Daet, Camarines Norte as soil formation is concerned. Soil Type Also included under this group are non-agricultural soils with physical characteristics or features like slope stoniness and with 1) soils of the plains Indan Clay 596.47 and the valleys San Manuel 4109.97 San Manuel Loam 259.47 chemical composition which do not warrant cultivation. Included in this group is the Hydrosoil type. The sub-type of soils of Daet are 2) soils San Manuel Clay Loam, San Manuel Loam, and Indan Clay as miscellaneous shown. All of these three types are good for agriculture. San Manuel land types types are good for coconut, abaca, vegetables, corn, sugarcane, watermelon, melon, and root crops. culture. Area (Ha.) of Unknown Total 180.58 5,146.49 Indan clay is best for rice Natural Drainage The 23-kilometer Daet River is the only river in the municipality. It is also the second largest river in Camarines Norte province. It flows through 11 barangays Calasgasan, Dogongan, Bibirao, Alawihao, Camambugan, Lag-on, San Isidro, Gubat, 66 | P a g e Cobangbang, Pamorangon, Mambalite, Barangay I, III, IV, and VIII). located. Contributing factors to the poor water quality are the domestic At the upstream, it is fed by three river bodies, namely sewage from households along the river banks and the garbage and Manama River, Daet River Branch (Mampurog River), and Matsug wastes from the municipal slaughterhouse directly dumped into the River. The confluence of these three rivers is considered the river. Other contributing factors include the sand and gravel headwater of Daet River. In turn, the headwater of the three rivers in quarrying at the upper reach and the agricultural effluents from farm Mount Labo which lies to the west of Daet. lots containing chemicals and pesticides which find its way to the The confluence is located at Daculang Bolo in the municipality of San Lorenzo Ruiz. The Daet River is joined by the Basud River at river. The seven creeks found in Daet namely Mabulao, Aswang, Luigi, Libho, Magon, Calasgasan, and Casistas. about four kilometers from its discharge point before it finally drains Mabulao creek is mainly a convergence of Libho, Magon, to the Pacific Ocean through the municipality of Mercedes. The Calasgasan, and Casitas creeks. It is found in the southern portion present condition of the river on the uppermost portion does not show of the municipality. any sign of deterioration. However, in the midpoint of the river, the through barangays Bibirao, Magang, Barangay II, Barangay I and water quality of the river is slightly deteriorated. This is where the Cobangbang before it connects the Daet River in Mambalite. thickly populated urban barangays of Barangay I, III, IV, and VIII are Mabulao creek starts from Calasgasan and Mabulao creek is a source of communal irrigation system in 67 | P a g e Barangays Cobangbang and some parts of Barangay Mambalite. During the rainy season, they usually overflow and submerged (EM03a) Area Distribution of Flood Type and its Suitability, Daet, Camarines Norte portions of residential and agricultural areas. Flood Type Suit Area (Ha.) Flood Hazard RainInduced Low 658.9 Flooding is an environmental concern and its one of the RiverFlooding Moderate 4.87 recurring problems in the broad alluvial plains and active tidal flats RiverFlooding High 208.66 especially during the wet season. Heavy rains are usually the cause RiverFlooding High 69.35 of flashfloods in Daet. Absence of comprehensive drainage system RunOffFlooding Moderate 1,486.59 RunOffFlooding High 2,160.25 TidalFlooding High 36.22 TidalFlooding High 521.65 and poor maintenance of both natural and manmade drainage systems increased runoff resulting from concretization in the poblacion area. The occurrence of flood is related to river overflow, high rainfall intensities, and run-off upstream areas during peak rain periods. TOTAL 5,146.49 Source: MPDO Daet Maps 68 | P a g e Climatic Conditions (thunderstorm) cloud; (c) strong turbulence within the cumulonimbus The climate in the municipality of Daet as shown in Map cloud; (d) gusty winds (up to 120 kph) at the surface before and at belongs to the Type II climate. This climate type is characterized by the start of heavy rains; (e) occurs from March to October; (f) may a no dry season and a very pronounced rainy period particularly form the ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergent Zone), Southwest during the months of November to January. Monsoon; and (f) Low pressure area, Tropical Cyclone can develop due to localized convective activity. Tropical Cyclones: There are 19 to 21 occurrences of typhoon per year in the Philippines. Typhoons usually bring tragic impact and Cold Front: Cold front is another weather system which is mistaken major destructions to lifelines and facilities as had been to be a simple weather disturbance. This is formed when cold air demonstrated by the occurrences of Typhoons. moves over the warmer air. Since cold air is heavy, warm air is pushed aloft by cold air giving rise to widespread cloudiness. Thunderstorms: These come in all sizes and shapes with some cells only a few kilometers in diameter, while some form clusters of Southwest Monsoon (Habagat): During the summer of the storms. The characteristic features of thunderstorms are: (a) thunder Northern Hemisphere, the Asiatic Continent becomes warmer than and lightning; (b) hailstones at the upper part of the Cumulonimbus 69 | P a g e the surrounding seas and a low pressure cell develops over the towering clouds of cumulonimbus accompanied by showers and continent. widespread thunderstorms. The axis of convergence, which is usually oriented in the east to west direction does not remain Northeastern Monsoon (Amihan): During winter in the Northern stationary at the equator but migrates north or south of the equator. Hemisphere, the Asiatic Continent is snowbound and the high It oscillates over the Philippines during the months of May to October. pressure cell over China sends northeasterly winds over the ITCZ can be breeding sources of tropical cyclones. The major Philippines giving us cold temperatures, and causing much rainfall disastrous effects of ITCZ are flood, landslide and mudflow. over the eastern coast of the country, with a prolonged intense rain that might cause flooding in low lying areas. This happens from November to February. Soil Erosion Hazard Soil erosion is the process of wearing away of soils and the transportation of soil particles on the surface of the land. The removal Intertropical Convergent Zone (ITCZ) of soils is caused by the action of water or wind, and influence by the This is the region where the northern hemisphere trade wind activities of man. Erosion and its rate of occurrence need to be meets the southern hemisphere trade wind. A region where two considered in agricultural development planning because they affect tropical winds converge. The characteristic features, include: (a) a soil productivity and crop performance. Erosion results to low yields 70 | P a g e since plant nutrients are removed with the soil. The degree and extent of erosion are shown in table below shows around 949.48 hectares suffers from slight erosion as shown in map. Tsunami Hazard Tsunami is an infrequent hazard brought by large earthquake. Daet is vulnerable to tsunami threats that are both locally generated and coming from other countries within the Pacific basin. There are about 1,672.16 hectares or 25.91 percent of the total land area vulnerable to tsunami. The barangays that are likely to be affected are Borabod, Gubat, Awitan, Bagasbas, Mambalite, and San Isidro. 71 | P a g e 4.3 MAPS Figure 4.2 General Zoning Map of Daet 72 | P a g e Figure 4.3 Erosion Map of Daet 73 | P a g e Figure 4.4 Flood Map of Daet 74 | P a g e Figure 4.5 Elevation Map of Daet 75 | P a g e Figure 4.6 Slope Map of Daet 76 | P a g e Figure 4.7 Soil Type Map of Daet 77 | P a g e Figure 4.8 Tsunami Map of Daet 78 | P a g e Infrastructure Transport System The land transport system includes major buses plying the Road Network Circulation Manila/Cubao – Daet route and vice versa. There are also buses and The municipality of Daet has three national roads located air-conditioned vans that serve passengers going to other areas of along Froilan Pimentel Avenue, Vinzons Avenue and Bagasbas Bicol such Daet-Naga and Naga- Daet route. Public utility vans, Road. These roads serve as the main thoroughfare leading to the jeepneys and mini buses convey commuters to different towns of central business district of Daet. Most of the roads in the Central Camarines Norte. The most common mode of transportation inside Business District of Daet are two way street. One-way street and left the municipality is the tricycle. The streets of Daet are alive with turn restrictions are enforced along the main thoroughfare colorful tricycles with unique accessories plying around the town and particularly along Vinzons Avenue where vehicular flow is usually nearby municipalities on a minimum fare of P8.00 for the first two- heavy in all directions. Traffic circulation along the public market kilometer distance. Kalesas or horse drawn carriages are also need to be studied to ease congestion in the area. Lack of parking present in the area. At night, tricycle fare in far flung barangays facilities and unresponsive parking management policies has ranges from P15.00 and more depending upon the distance and become a major issue of Daet CBD. agreement by the driver and passenger. 79 | P a g e Parking Area Parking Area in Daet has become a major traffic issue brought the 25 barangays of the municipality are served and completely energized. by lack of parking facilities and parking management policy. The common use of the roadway as parking especially on the national Communication highway and vicinity of the public market and major establishments The following communication facilities are available in the in the commercial district where traffic tends to be heavy and municipality of Daet, the Philippine Postal Services, operational vehicle/pedestrian conflicts are widespread. Parking restrictions in management information system, and local telephone providers, some areas are visible but this should be studied in order to come Bayantel and Digitel. up with a more comprehensive parking plan policy. Water Supply Power Supply One of the best tasting potable water in the country sufficiently Majority of the electrical connection in Daet are residential. supplied by Camarines Norte Water District (CNWD). Almost all Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative, whose office is located at barangays completely are served with the Level III water system at Barangay 1, supplies the electric power needs of the municipality. All the commercial and household level. Presently, Daet still boasts of having adequate water supply and one of the cleanest potable water 80 | P a g e in the province. For now, the present problem related to water supply disposal, there will surely be an impact on local water resources as may prevail in squatter settlements and in households mired in Daet continues to grow. With rivers, creeks and springs as sources poverty. Such households usually lack adequate water supply and of water and as outlets for wastewater and the like and as the number sanitation facilities. On the other hand, while the Daet local of people of increase, water quality will be a bigger problem in the coming years. government and the Camarines Norte Water District continue their efforts to increase access to water supply, the bigger challenge is for them to implement parallel efforts in providing wastewater treatment facilities. Drainage and Sewerage Presently, there is no well-planned, centralized drainage and sewerage system in Daet. With the existing drainage and sewerage system and open drainage systems, pollution of indiscriminate waste 81 | P a g e Figure 4.9 Existing Structures and Road Network near the Site 82 | P a g e Figure 4.10 3D View of Existing Structures and Road Network near the Site 83 | P a g e Figure 4.11 Lot Bearing SCALE Line Bearing Distance (M) BLLM S 89°46’ E 1426.70 M 1-2 S 23°58’W 63.01 M 2-3 S 29°23’W 18.28 M 3-4 N 73°37’W 109.09 M 4-5 N 54°53’W 15.00 M 5-6 N 74°39’W 128.14 M 6-7 N 52°29’W 94.85 M 7-8 N 60°47’W 96.82 M 8-9 N 78°10’W 98.52 M 9-10 N 78°11’W 23.62 M 10-11 N 14°04’E 159.75 M 11-12 S 86°30’E 175.54 M 12-13 S 71°29’E 92.56 M 13-14 S 19°18’E 159.38 M 14-15 S 46°02’E 73.44 M 15-1 S 77°30’E 1:3000 84 153.20 | P a g eM The area is sixty five thousand and sixty five (65,065) square meters. on the SW, along lines1-2-3-4-4-5-6-7-8-9 by river control; on the All points are marked on the ground as follows; points 3-8 inclusive NW, along line 9-10 on the N and along the line of 10-11 by national by Stakes; points 16 and 17 by X’s on trees; point 21 by stake; and road along lines 11-12-13-14-15-16. This lot was surveyed in the rest by P.S. Cyl. Conc. Mons. Bounded on the SE, along lie 1-2 accordance with the law and existing regulations promulgated, thereunder by the Deputy Public Land Surveyor. 85 | P a g e