Coastal and Marine issues for the
European Biodiversity Strategy
5 Questions
Tim O’Higgins
28/6/2016
The AQUACROSS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642317.
Session structure
Colla4ngandgroupingAquacross-challenges
specificallyrelatedtofreshwatersystems
45´
!BREAK!
checkingbackwithfreshwaterbreak-outsession
toiden4fyrelatedchallenges
15´
Challenge1:
Ques4on Challenge2:
Ques4on
28/6/2016
Challenge4:
Challenge Ques4on
3:Ques4on
Challenge5:
Ques4on
60´
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In Session 6…
FRESHWATER Challenge5:
Challenge1:
Outcome
Outcome Challenge2: MARINE
Challenge4:
Outcome
Challenge1:
Challenge3: Outcome Challenge5:
Outcome
Outcome Challenge2: Outcome
Challenge4:
Outcome
Challenge3: Outcome
Outcome
+
+
+
+
+
NEEDSFORINNOVATION
(HowtobedealtwithinAquacross?)
28/6/2016
www.aquacross.eu/
Session structure
Colla4ngandgroupingAquacross-challenges
specificallyrelatedtofreshwatersystems
45´
!BREAK!
checkingbackwithmarinebreak-outsessionto
iden4fyrelatedchallenges
15´
Ecosystembased
management Uncertainty
Biodiversity
Ecosystem
services
28/6/2016
Resilience
60´
www.aquacross.eu/
QUESTION 1: WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM BASED
MANAGEMENT IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
28/6/2016
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28/6/2016
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Ecosystem Services
How can ecosystem services contribute to practical
management of freshwaters?
What role can trade-offs and co-benefits between
ecosystem services and biodiversity or among different
ecosystems services play for on-ground management?
28/6/2016
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Quantifying objectives: Value function
AssessmentNitrate
[mgN/L]
verygood
-
good
poor
-
-
bad
andmore
moderate
Advantagesofcon4nuousfunc4on:
→improvementwithinaclassisvisible
→avoidsroundingerrors
→qualityclassescanbederivedanyhow
NO3 [mgN/L]
+hierarchicalaggrega4on
Langhans,Reichert,Schuwirth(2014):ThemethodmaWers:aguideforindicatoraggrega4oninecologicalassessments.
EcologicalIndicators45,494-507
Eawag:SwissFederalInsOtuteofAquaOcScienceandTechnology
Propagation of uncertainty
1. define probability distributions
of attributes
2. draw sample from distributions
of attributes
3. calculate value for each
attribute sample to get a
sample of values
4. estimate mean and quantiles
MonteCarloSimulaOon
NO3 [mgN/L]
Eawag:SwissFederalInsOtuteofAquaOcScienceandTechnology
Visualization of uncertainty
90% probability interval
median
before
after
Reichert,R.,Schuwirth,N.,Langhans,S.D.(2013):Construc4ng,evalua4ng,andvisualizingvalueandu4lityfunc4onsfordecisionsupport.
EnvironmentalModellingandSo4ware46,283-291;R-packages"u4lity"and"ecoval"
Eawag:SwissFederalInsOtuteofAquaOcScienceandTechnology
28/6/2016
www.aquacross.eu/
Spatial Classification of service production and
benefits
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Resilience
Thecapacityofasystemtoabsorbdisturbanceandreorganize
whileundergoingchangesoastos4llretainessen4allythesame
func4on,structure,iden4ty,andfeedbacks.
=>Lossofresiliencemayleadtoaregimeshic
Folkeetal.2004
Likelihood of regime shifts may increase if
resilience is reduced
How can resilience be reduced?
o  Removing diversity
o  Removing whole functional groups of species
o  Removing whole trophic levels
o  Impacting on ecosystems via emissions of waste,
pollutants etc.
o  Climate change
o  Altering the magnitude, frequency, duration of
disturbances
=> Combined and synergistic effects!!
Folkeetal.(2004)
Resilience thinking
Inves4gateshowinterac4ngsystemsofpeopleandnature
(=social-ecologicalsystems)canbestbemanagedtoensurea
sustainableandresilientsupplyoftheessen4alecosystemservices
onwhichhumanitydepends.
7principlesforbuildingresilience(fromtheSRC):
Maintaindiversity
&redundancy
Manage
connec4vity
Manageslow
variables&
feedbacks
Fostercomplex
adap4ve
systemsthinking
Encourage
learning
Broaden
par4cipa4on
Promotepolycentric
governance
structures
Principlesforbuildingresilience;Biggs,Schlüter,Schoon(2015)
e.g. managing connectivity in Scottish
Aquaculture
Theeconomyofscaleisthescalemismatch
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Resilience
What are the challenges in making resilience thinking
operational in marine management?
Which are the most pressing research gaps to make
resilience thinking operational?
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QUESTION 2: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
MARINE BIODIVERSITY?
,
28/6/2016
Alan Wilson
- www.naturespicsonline.com
www.aquacross.eu/
QUESTION 2: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
MARINE BIODIVERSITY?
,
Alan Wilson
- www.naturespicsonline.com
ECRINS-10,000,000km2
8/7/16
Event:
Author:
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CONSERVATIONSSTATUSOFSPECIESOFEUROPEAN
INTEREST
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Event:
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Author:
CostelloeEmblowandWhite(eds)2001.EuropeanRegisterofMarineSpecies,
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X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X X X X
8/7/16
Event:
Author:
X
X X
X X
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