Precast Show 2016
Soiltight
‘Flat’ Isoprene
BSCS BIOLOGY,
DISSECTION OF ASTM PRECAST
CONCRETE GASKETED JOINT
STANDARDS
Nitrile
JOINTS & GASKETS
Gasket Deformation
Rounding Ring
Siltight
Self-Lubed Gasket
SRJ
Dimensional Tolerances
ASTM
Jacking
Bell Stress
Spigot Headers
Off-Center
Tongue Formers
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C1618
C990 – Bitumin
Butyl
Centered
Hydrostatic Test
Bell Rings
Gaskets
Joint Shear
Eric A. Carleton, P.E.
V.P. Technical Services, NPCA
Precast EXPERTS
Watertight Profile
Nitrile
T&G
2016 NPCA PRECAST SHOW
Neoprene
Double O-Ring
Installed Testing
O-Ring
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C1628
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
C443
C1677
C361
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
ASTM
INTERNATIONAL
• 35,000 members from industry, government and academia
• 130 balanced technical committees: steel, petroleum,
environment, construction
• Over 100 years experience in standards development
• Worlds largest provider of voluntary consensus standards
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ASTM MEMBERSHIP
WWW.ASTM.ORG
Indiana WEF Collection Committee
8
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
•Title of the Standard
• Applicants must be
involved in or have
expertise in the topics
covered in the Committee
scope.
• ASTM membership - $75
• One Book of Standards!
• Return Letter Ballots
• …and if you can, come to
the committee meetings
11/18/03
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Title ASTM C443
Standard Specification for Joints for
Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using
Rubber Gaskets
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
•1. Scope
• Title ASTM C1628
Standard Specification for Joints for
Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using
Rubber Gaskets
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Scope - ASTM 443
1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for concrete pipe and precast
manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or
exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the
requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, …provided that if there is conflict in
permissible variations in dimensions the requirements of this specification for joints shall
govern.
Scope - C1628
1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints for concrete gravity flow sewer
pipe using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration or
exfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the
requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other
respects to Specifications C 14, C 76, C 655, C 985, and C 1417, provided that, if there is
conflict in permissible variations in dimension, the requirements of this specification shall
govern for joints.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
•4. Basis of
Acceptance
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Basis of Acceptance –C443
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be
determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in
this specification, if and when required, and by inspection to
determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to
this specification as to design and freedom from defects
• Basis of Acceptance – C1628
•5.or 6. Materials
and Manufacture
for Gaskets
4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gasket shall be
determined by the approved design submittal information,
results of the physical tests prescribed in this specification, and
by inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets
conform to this specification as to design and freedom from
defects.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• 5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets – C443
5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with Specification C1619 in
terms of materials and manufacture. The gaskets shall be extruded or
molded to the specified size within a tolerance of ±6 % on any
dimension, measured at any cross section.
• 6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets – C443
6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements —All rubber gaskets shall meet
the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of
Specification C1619, Class C.
6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket Requirements—All rubber gaskets shall
meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical requirements of
Specification C1619, Class D.
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• 5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets – C1628
5.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound.
The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or
a blend of both meeting the physical requirements prescribed in
Specification C 1619.
5.1.1 Gaskets for standard use shall meet Class E requirements.
Gaskets which require oil resistant properties shall meet
Class B requirements.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets – C1628
5.2 Circular Cross-Section or “O-Ring” Gaskets:
5.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section or “ Profile” Gaskets:
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
•6. or 7. DESIGN OF JOINTS
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Design of Joints – C443
• Design of Joints – C1628
7. Design of Joints
7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the
detailed design of the joint or joints including design and
durometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to be
furnished under this specification.
6.1 When requested at time of purchase, the pipe manufacturer
shall furnish the owner with a detailed design of the joint or
joints to be furnished under this specification. Included within
this submittal shall be gasket shape, dimensions, tolerance, and
hardness, joint geometry, pipe, and joint dimension tolerances,
gasket deformation analysis including manufacturing tolerances,
proof of design; hydrostatic and structural test information,
manufacturer’s quality assurance testing, and documentation
procedures. The manufacturing tolerances required in joint
design shall be specified by the manufacturer and verified by the
manufacturer’s written quality assurance testing procedures and
documentation.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Design of Joints – C1628
6.2 Confined Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:
6.2.1 In joints that utilize spigot grooves and solid gaskets of circular
cross-section, the smallest potential volume of the annular space
provided for the gasket, with the engaged joint design closure in
concentric position, shall be not less than the design volume of the
gasket furnished.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Joint Gasket Design:
When the joint is assembled, the gasket shall be compressed to
form a watertight seal.
bell
bell
bell
spigot
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spigot
gasket groove
gasket space
Gasket groove
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Design of Joints
6.2.2 The gasket shall be of such diameter that when the outer surface of the spigot
and the inner surface of the bell come into contact at some point in their periphery
(off-center position), the deformation in the gasket shall not exceed 50 % at the
point of contact nor be less than 15 % at any point. When determining the
maximum percent deformation of the gasket, the minimum depth of groove and the
stretched gasket diameter shall be used and calculations made at the centerline of
the groove. When determining the minimum percent deformation of the gasket, the
minimum groove width, the maximum bell diameter, the minimum spigot diameter,
the maximum depth of groove, and the stretched gasket diameter shall be used and
calculations made at the centerline of the groove. For gasket deformation
calculations, stretched gasket diameter shall be determined as being the design
diameter of the gasket divided by the square root of (1 + x) where x equals the
design percent of gasket stretch divided by 100.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Design of Joints
6.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:
6.3.1 In joints that utilize gaskets of non-circular cross section
placed on a single offset spigot configuration, the annular space
between the gasket contact surfaces of the assembled joint shall
have the rubber gasket deformed not less than 15 % or more than
60 % when the pipe is joined with maximum joint surface
eccentricity (off-center) with all manufacturing and gasket
tolerances being considered. ………
For gasket deformation calculations the stretched height shall be
determined by 8.1.2.
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STRETCHED HEIGHT OF
PROFILE GASKETS
ASTM C497
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
NPCA
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• Design of Joints – C1628
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Joint Gasket Design:
.
6.3.2 In lieu of the deformation limit design method described in 6.3.1, the
manufacturer is not prohibited from submitting a gasket force analysis.
This design method shall analyze the annular space between the gasket
contact surfaces of the assembled joint and compare it to the compression
versus force characteristics for the proposed non-circular gasket as
described in gasket compression curves as furnished by the gasket
manufacturer, pipe joint manufacturer, or an independent testing laboratory.
The joint design analysis shall have the rubber gasket deformed within the
limits of the specified design force limits when the pipe is joined off-center
with all manufacturing and gasket tolerances being considered.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
LUBE MATTERS!!!!
Greasy Snot
Lube Co.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• 9. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS – C443
• 9.PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS
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9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall pass
the following performance tests without leakage at the joints,
and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the
assembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, for
a maximum of 24 h prior to the test:
9.1.1 Pipes in Straight Alignment — …internal hydrostatic pressure of
13 psi (30 ft) pressure head for 10 min.
9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected Position— …the test sections shall
be deflected to create a position 1⁄2 in. wider than the assembled
position on one side of the outside perimeter of each joint and shall be
subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 min
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• 9. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS – C1628
9.1 The hydrostatic and structural tests are conducted to serve as a proof-of-design
test and the results shall be included within the joint submittal documents to the
owner. The hydrostatic and structural tests and results shall be witnessed and
certified by an independent testing agency, an owner’s representative, or
manufacturer’s employee who is identified within the manufacturer’s quality
assurance program.
9.1.1 At or before the time of placing an order the owner is permitted to require an
additional proof-of-design test to verify compliance to this specification.
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LUBE MATTERS!!!!
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS –C1628
9.1.2 Any modifications to a previously proof tested and approved
joint which met this specification such as, but not limited to; gasket
profile or hardness, manufacturing tolerance revision, a reduction of
concrete compressive strength or reinforcement which affect the
joint design or performance shall require a new proof-of design
tests described in the appropriate sections of 9.2, 9.3, or both.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS –C1628
9.2 Hydrostatic Tests for Joints—The manufacturer shall conduct off-center hydrostatic joint
tests described in Test Method C 497 and herein on joint types covered by this specification.
Greasy Snot
Lube Co.
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JOINT OFF CENTER HYDROSTATIC PROOF OF DESIGN TESTING
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINTS –C1628
9.3 Structural Test for Joints—The manufacturer shall conduct joint shear tests described in
Test Method C 497 and herein on joint types covered by this specification.
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Precast Show 2016
JOINT SHEAR PROOF OF DESIGN TESTING
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Performance Requirements for Joints – C1628
•11. INSPECTION
9.4 The manufacturer shall have the option to conduct
concurrently the hydrostatic test described in 9.2 and the
structural test described in 9.3. If proven watertight under
these combined conditions, hairline cracks that do not leak
shall not be cause for rejection.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
11. Inspection – C443
11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe joint
and gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by an
inspector employed by the owner.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Measure/Gage ALL Joints
11. Inspection – C1628
11.1 The quality of the finished pipe joint and the gasket shall be
subject to inspection and approval by an inspector employed by the
owner.
11.2 Compliance with the joint design tolerances of Section 6 shall be
verified for each pipe produced by physical measurement of bell and
spigot diameters relative to design annular spaces.
11.3 Compliance with the gasket design tolerances and
finished gasket splice tests of Section 5 shall be verified…
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
Inspecting ALL Equipment
Inspecting ALL Equipment
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
INSPECTING ALL FINISHED JOINTS
– UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
INSPECTING ALL FINISHED
JOINTS
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
•14. REPAIR
•15. REJECTION
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
14. Repairs – C443
14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damage during handling, of each
pipe end, are not prohibited from being repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion
of the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2; provided the
circumferential length of a single area to be repaired shall not exceed one fourth of the
inside diameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential length of
several areas combined does not exceed one half of the inside diameter or equivalent
diameter of the pipe.
14. Repairs – C1628
14.1 Repairs of joint manufacturing imperfections, or damage during handling are
acceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the defects do not subject the joint to
rejection as specified in Section 15 and the repairs are sound, properly finished, and
cured.
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Precast Show 2016
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
14. Repairs – C443 & C1628
14.2 At the option of the owner, a pipe joint that has been repaired shall
be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test in accordance with 9.1.1
(9.2) and is acceptable if it passes the hydrostatic test requirements.
DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
• APPENDIX (non-mandatory information) – C1628
15. Rejection – C443 & C1628
15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejection upon failure to
conform to any of the requirements of this specification…
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
X1.1 Table X1.1 is to assist the owners review process of
submitted joint design and related information by manufacturers
declaring adherence to this specification.
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628 & C443
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Precast Show 2016
BSCS Biology,
Dissection of C1628 & C443
Gasketed SEWER JOINTS
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DISSECTION ASTM C1628
• Special thanks to
• Dave Anderson – Forterra Companies
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2016 NPCA PRECAST SHOW
BSCS BIOLOGY,
DISSECTION OF ASTM PRECAST
CONCRETE GASKETED JOINT
STANDARDS
Eric A. Carleton, P.E.
V.P. Technical Services, NPCA
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NPCA
14