International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 Single Phase to Three Phase Converter with a Variation-Tolerant Phase Shifting Technique by Two Phase Interleaved PFC Boost Converter Kommoju V V Pavan Kumar1, Grandhi Ramu2, Koppineni RNV Subba Rao3 1 M.Tech Scholar, Department of EEE, Chaitanya Institute of science and Technology Associate Professor, Chaitanya Institute of Science and Technology, Kakinada, India 3 Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology 2 Abstract: This paper presents a two-phase interleaved critical conduction mode (CRM) power factor correction boost converter with a variation-tolerant phase shifter (VTPS), which ensures accurate 180◦ phase shift between the two interleaved converters, which converters single phase 230V to three phase 410V. A feedback loop similar to a phase-locked loop controls the amount of the phase shifting of the VTPS. The proposed VTPS has better immunity of process, supply, and temperature variations than the conventional phase shifter. This boosted DC source applied to hybrid multilevel inverter, It consists of a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and H-bridge in series with each inverter leg. The three phase inverter output voltages, harmonic performance of induction machine current, induction machine outputs and THD is available by using simulation of MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Keywords: Critical conduction mode (CRM), interleaved boost converter, multilevel inverter (MLI), power factor correction (PFC), variation-tolerant phase shifter (VTPS). 1. Introduction In recent years, three phase applications increases for high power industries. Mostly single phase wiring adopted in rural areas, but the rural small industries require three phase supply. Single phase to three phase converters required. POWER factor (PF) defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power is desired to be 100% because the smaller the PF, the larger the power loss and harmonics, which may travel down the power line and disrupt other devices connected to the line [1], [2]. For a higher PF, a power factor correction (PFC) circuit is employed which shapes the input current waveform to be in phase with the input voltage waveform [3]. PFC circuits can be classified as either passive or active PFC among which active PFC is preferred due to its small form factor and higher PF [4]. The operation modes of an active PFC converter can be classified as the continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), or critical conduction mode (CRM) depending on the current flowing through the inductor [3]. For a heavy load, the CCM is usually employed because it can handle more current than the DCM and CRM [5]. At the CCM, however, the hard switching of the freewheeling diode may result in decreased power conversion efficiency. On the contrary, the freewheeling diode is switched softly at the DCM and CRM and thus higher power efficiency can be expected. For an interleaved power converter operating at the CRM, a master–slave scheme has been widely used [7]–[20]. Among the multiple paralleled converters, a master converter operates as a stand-alone one, while the switching of the other converter, that is, a slave converter, is synchronized with that of the master. For a two-phase interleaved converter, a phase shifter measuring the switching period of Paper ID: OCT141392 the master converter can be used to generate the switching signal of the slave converter, so its switching instant is 180◦ out of phase from that of the master converter [7]. The simplest way of measuring the switching period of the master converter is to use a ramp generator with UP and DOWN current sources [7]. The mismatch between the two current sources, however, results in the error of the phase shifting, increasing the current ripple ΔIin . A sample-and-hold circuit can be used to measure the period where only one current source is required [8]. The sampling capacitor has to be discharged at every cycle and the time required for this results in phase shifting error. The basic concept of a multilevel converter is to use a series of power semiconductor switches that properly connected to several lower dc voltage sources to synthesize a near sinusoidal staircase voltage waveform. The small output voltage step results in high quality output voltage, reduction of voltage stresses on power switching devices, lower switching losses and higher efficiency. Hybrid multilevel inverter includes a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for reach phase) and H-bridge in series with each inverter leg. The multilevel inverter has gained much attention in recent years due to its advantages in high power possibility with low switching frequency and low harmonics. In this paper, a two-phase PFC boost converter operating at the CRM is described which employs a variation-tolerant phase shifter (VTPS) ensuring the accurate 1800 phase shifting. Input 230V is converted into DC source step up into 410V, this single dc source converted into three phase supply by hybrid multilevel inverter. Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 2403 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 2. Proposed concept of single phase to three phase with a Two-Phase Interleaved CRM PFC Boost Converter With A VTPS Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the two-phase interleaved PFC boost converter with the proposed VTPS operating at the CRM of single phase to three phase. The upper converter consisting of LM, DM, and SM is the master and the lower one consisting of LS, DS, and SS is the slave. The output voltage level is compared with the reference level generated by the bandgap reference (BGR) to generate the error voltage VCOMP. For the master converter, the fixed slope ramp signal VRM is compared with the error voltage VCOMP and the switching signal ΦM becomes LOW when VRM is larger than VCOMP, decreasing the inductor current IM . The voltage level of the secondary winding of the transformers is utilized to detect the zero current of the primary winding. The zero current detector (ZCD) generates the pulse VDTM, setting ΦM to HIGH when the voltage level of the secondary winding is lower than the reference level. Figure.1: Two-phase interleaved PFC boost converter. Figure.1(a): Block diagram of Proposed VTPS. Figure 2: Proposed single phase to three phase with PFC boost with a VTPS. The operation of the slave converter is similar to that of the master except that the slope of the ramp signal VRS is variable to get the accurate 180◦ phase difference between the master and slave converters. The slope of VRS is adjusted by the phase shifting loop consisting of the phase-frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), loop filter, and ramp generator, so the rising edge of the ZCD output VDTS of the slave converter is locked to that of ΦHP which is 180◦ phase shifted from VDTM by the phase shifter. Because the switch SS of the slave converter is turned ON by the rising edge of VDTS, the turn-ON instant of the slave converter is 180◦ phase shifted from that of the master converter. Fig. 1(a) shows the proposed VTPS block diagram, while the conventional phase shifter requires UP and DOWN current sources whose matching is critical but cannot be very good, the proposed one requires only UP current sources, which can be easily matched. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to see the achievable accuracy of the phase shift under environmental variations and the results. The x-axis is the phase difference between the input signal VDTM and the output signal ΦHP; the y-axis represents the number of events. In order to compare the phase shifting accuracy with the conventional ones, the conventional phase shifters with UP and DOWN current sources [7] and with a sample-and-hold circuit [8] are also simulated. As can be seen in the figure, the The proposed hybrid multilevel inverter, the bottom is one leg of a standard 3-leg inverter with a dc power source. The top is an H-bridge in series with each standard inverter leg. The H-bridge can use a separate dc power source or a capacitor as the dc power source. Single phase (230V) is converted into DC (230V) by bridge rectifier with two phase interleaved CRM PFC boost converter with a VTPS. Then, this boosted voltage (400V) applied to hybrid multilevel inverter which converted into three phase five level inverter. The output voltage v1 of this leg (with respect to the ground) is either +Vdc/2 (S5 closed) or −Vdc/2 (S6 closed). This leg is connected in series with a full H-bridge which in turn is Paper ID: OCT141392 Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 2404 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 supplied by a capacitor voltage. If the capacitor is kept charged to Vdc/2, then the output voltage of the H-bridge can take on the values +Vdc/2 (S1, S4 closed), 0 (S1, S2 closed or S3, S4 closed), or −Vdc/2 (S2, S3 closed). When the output voltage v = v1 + v2 is required to be zero, one can either set v1 = +Vdc/2 and v2 = −Vdc/2 or v1 = −Vdc/2 and v2 = +Vdc/2. It is this flexibility in choosing how to make that output voltage zero that is exploited to regulate the capacitor voltage. When only a dc power source is used in the inverter, that is, the H-bridge uses a capacitor as the dc power source, the capacitor’s voltage regulation control. During θ1 ≤ θ ≤ π, the output voltage is zero and the current i > 0. If S1, S4 are closed (so that v2 = +Vdc/2) along with S6 closed (so that v1 = −Vdc/2), then the capacitor is discharging (ic = −i < 0 ) and v = v1 + v2 = 0. On the other hand, if S2, S3 are closed (so that v2 = −Vdc/2) and S5 is also closed (so that v1 = +Vdc/2), then the capacitor is charging (ic = i > 0) and v = v1+v2 = 0. The case i < 0 is accomplished by simply reversing the switch positions of the i > 0 case for charge and discharge of the capacitor. Consequently, the method consists of monitoring the output current and the capacitor voltage so that during periods of zero voltage output, either the switches S1, S4, and S6 are closed or the switches S2, S3, S5 are closed depending on whether it is necessary to charge or discharge the capacitor. Figure 4: Three Phase output voltage. 3. Simulation Results In order to verify the performance of the proposed single phase to three phase converter with a Variation-Tolerant Phase Shifting Technique by two phase interleaved PFC Boost Converter. The following are results of proposed concept. Figure 3: Single phase to three phase converter with a Variation-Tolerant Phase Shifting Technique by two phase interleaved PFC Boost Converter. Paper ID: OCT141392 Figure 5: Boost converter DC voltage. Figure 6: Single phase Power Factor. Fig.4. shows the three phase output voltage of proposed converter. Fig.5. shows the PFC boost converter voltage. The PFC boost converter provides 410V dc output from the ac input line voltage of 230*1.4142 VRMS. In Fig.6, the PF and power efficiency of the PFC boost converter are shown for the input line voltage of 325.26 VRMS with the proposed VTPS. Volume 3 Issue 11, November 2014 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 2405 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 4. Conclusion A simulation model for the Single phase to three phase converter with a Variation-Tolerant Phase Shifting Technique by two phase interleaved PFC Boost Converter hybrid multilevel inverter is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The three phase inverter output is a 5-level phase voltage. The PFC boost converter with the proposed phase shifter shows the lowest input current ripple because the proposed variation-tolerant phase shifter provides the most accurate 1800 phase shift. 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