INSTITUTE OF PHOTONICS & OPTICAL SCIENCE ANNUAL REPORT 2012-13 CONTENTS 02INTRODUCTION 03 DIRECTOR’S REPORT 05 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 10 RESEARCH REPORT 10 Project Highlights 16 Research Projects 22 Collaboration 23 Facilities 26PUBLICATIONS 40 GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT & MEMBERSHIP 40 Governance Structure, Executive & Management 41 Membership 2 INTRODUCTION The Institute of Photonics and Optical Science brings together the photonics and optics activities of the University of Sydney. The institute links research activities, groups and facilities, and teaching programs across the Faculties of Science and Engineering to create a world class centre with more than 50 state of the art research laboratories. The institute was established in 2008 with Professor Benjamin Eggleton as Director and formally launched in 2009. MISSION STATEMENT To provide Australia with the innovation, scientists and engineers to maintain and enhance a position of worldleadership in photonics in academia and industry. VISION To be the region’s leading provider of photonics research and education. 3 DIRECTOR’S REPORT Welcome to the 2012-2013 IPOS annual report. This represents another very successful period for the Photonics and Optics community at the University of Sydney. This annual report is a brief snapshot of the achievements and events and I hope you will find it enjoyable. Some of the highlights are summarized below with my personal perspective on the evolution of photonics and optics at the University of Sydney. The landscape for photonics research at the University of Sydney is changing with the construction of the Australian Institute of Nanoscience (AIN) that will be opened in 2015. This new project, which is funded by the Federal Government and the University of Sydney, will incorporate state of the art laboratories for photonics research and clean room space for a nanolithography facility. With this major investment we will see an emphasis in the University of Sydney research program towards nanoscience and nanotechnology, building on the University’s strengths in photonics, quantum science and material science. This new initiative builds nicely on much of the current IPOS research activities, particularly the CUDOS program in nanophotonics and will enhance other IPOS programs and stimulate new research. In this context the University is investing in new permanent positions, including the recent appointment of Dr Stefano Palomba in the School of Physics who leads a program in nanoplasmonics and bio-sensing. The expectation is that the University will invest in other permanent positions around nanotechnology and photonics, recognizing these areas as priorities for the University. The AIN will incorporate major facilities that will massively enhance IPOS research both in terms of basic science and technology transfer. A major focus of the AIN is the nanotechnology prototyping facility that will include a complete lithography facility, with an emphasis on silicon nanophotonics, and other facilities for deposition and processing of photonic materials, underpinning research in metamaterials and plasmonics and new frontiers of nanophotonics research. Built around this facility will be a prototyping facilities that will include electronics, packaging, 3D-printers, pigtailing of photonic components and other tools that are essential to developing practical prototypes of photonic devices so they can be showcased to end-users and industry partners. This initiative follows nicely from the strategic plans that were developed by IPOS in its early days. 2013 started very sadly with the death of Dr Peter Domachuk. Peter was a graduate of the University of Sydney and was an active member of the School of Physics and IPOS. He was leading an exciting research program in bio-photonics and was funded by the ARC postdoctoral fellowship scheme. Peter served on the IPOS executive and had been involved PROF. BEN EGGLETON in numerous initiatives, including the 2010 IPOS Symposium which he chaired and the IPOS Masters in Photonics and Optics, which he coordinated. The Peter Domachuk Memorial Lecture has been established and was launched in 2013 with the inaugural lecturer, Prof. Fio Omenetto from Tufts University. In 2015 we will be hosting Prof. Federico Capasso from Harvard University. Peter’s legacy will live long into the future and we will remember his contributions and his unique character. The 2012 annual IPOS Symposium was held in November with the theme “Low frequency photonics: Bridging the gap”. As in previous years, this meeting attracted numerous high profile international and national speakers and was well attended. Prof. Mary O’Kane, NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer, opened the meeting as she has done in previous years. Highlights of this meeting included various exciting presentations on topics ranging from microwave photonics (Prof. Jose Capmany) to midinfrared photonics (Prof. Laurie Faraone) and presentations that addressed applications of novel photonic instruments to next generation astronomy. The 2013 IPOS Symposium was replaced by the CUDOS Showcase event that was held at the Australian Technology Park and was attended by 300 people. This event promoted CUDOS technology but was more generally a celebration of 4 DIRECTOR’S REPORT photonics and optics research in Australia, and incorporated many collaborators and partners of the University of Sydney. As part of this event, the ANFF i-line stepper facility was launched by the Vice Chancellor of the University of Sydney. currently working for the Faculty of Science on developing a new postgraduate course on entrepreneurship and spends one day a week working with the CUDOS team on related training and providing strategic advice on commercialisation. IPOS researchers were successful in securing significant grant income. A highlight for 2012-2013 was the many fellowships, discovery projects and major infrastructure grants. In particular, our early career researchers have been very successful in securing fellowships through the DECRA scheme. 2014 promises to be another stellar year as we build on all of this positive momentum and achievements. The next few years will be very exciting with the opening of the AIN building and new opportunities for interdisciplinary programs, particularly with the Charles Perkins Centre. I hope you enjoy reading this report. I thank Vera Brinkel and Alex Argyros for their efforts in preparing it. IPOS has seen major research success in different areas that are highlighted in this report. Some important new initiatives include the new postdoc position which is jointly funded by AAO and CUDOS and establishes a new collaborative project that spans across IPOS, SIFA and AAO towards developing nanoscale photonic devices for next generation astronomical applications. In other news IPOS researchers have been recognized for their achievements. Prof. Ross McPhedran announced his retirement from the School of Physics and has been appointed as Emeritus Professor. It seems Ross is certainly not slowing down and continues to travel the world and spend time with his collaborators. We were thrilled to celebrate Ross’s career achievements at an event in early 2014 which was combined with the retirement celebration of Prof. Lindsay Botten, who retired from UTS; Lindsay is a long standing collaborator with the IPOS team at the University of Sydney. Prof. Robert Minasian has retired from the School of Electrical and Information Engineering and also takes the new role as Emeritus Professor. Robert has stepped down as a member of the IPOS Executive and has been replaced by A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi. We congratulate Robert for his appointment at Emeritus Professor and wish him the best for his retirement although we expect him to continue to be active and we look forward to working with Xiaoke. Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn continues to achieve major success for his stellar contributions and has been recognized with Fellow of the Optical Society of America and Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. Congratulations to Joss for these impressive achievements. A/Prof. Alex Argyros was recognized with a Tall Poppy Prize. A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi has established a strong international profile for her work in microwave photonics. Recently she secured funds from DSTO for a new project on photonic signal processing. Congratulations to Xiaoke. We were pleased to welcome A/Prof. Maryanne Large back to the University of Sydney in a part time role. Maryanne is Director, IPOS ARC Laureate Fellow 5 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 IPOS RESEARCHERS IN THE SCIENCE MEDIA Breakthrough research from IPOS has been featured in the science media. This included a story in Optics and Photonics News on the work of CUDOS-Sydney researchers Prof. Ben Eggleton, Dr Jochen Schröder and Yvan Paquot, which showed that combining linear and nonlinear optical signal processing can overcome some of the challenges faced by high-symbol-rate signals in data transmission. IPOS RESEARCHER ELECTED FELLOW OF AAS AND OSA IPOS Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn was elected as a Fellow to the Australian Academy of Science, and separately, as Fellow of the Optical Society of America in 2012. These honours recognise his research in pioneering the field of Astrophotonics and making significant contributions to experimental physics and astrophysics. Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn BOOK ON PCF BY IPOS RESEARCHERS Yvan Paquot, Dr Jochen Schröder, Prof. Ben Eggleton Work from IPOS researchers A/Prof. Alexander Argyros and Dr Sergio Leon-Saval on low-loss terahertz waveguides based on polymers was reported in Laser Focus World. A press release by the OSA covered advances made by Prof. John Canning from the School of Chemistry on self-assembling silica nanowires and the possibilities this processing technology holds for various technologies, including microwire devices and sensors, photon sources, and possibly silica-based integrated circuits. The work of Dr Alessandro Tuniz, A/Prof. Alexander Argyros, Prof. Simon Fleming and A/Prof. Boris Kuhlmey on terahertz hyperlenses was covered in a range of science media publications, including Laser Focus World, Australasian Science, phys.org, optics.org, photonics.com, T-Era Newsletter and others. The team demonstrated the first terahertz hyperlens, and showed that it can achieve a resolution an order of magnitude better than conventional lenses. IPOS researchers A/Prof. Boris Kuhlmey, A/Prof. Alexander Argyros and Dr Sergio Leon-Saval published a new book on Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF). The book is titled Foundations of Photonic Crystal Fibres, 2nd Edition, by Imperial College Press, and was released in 2012. It outlines progress in the field of PCF, including fabrication and applications, as well Book on PCF as giving an extensive review of numerical methods used for modelling these fibres. FUNDING BOOST FOR IT RESEARCH A University of Sydney research program involving IPOS researcher A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi from the School of Electrical and Information Engineering was among a handful of projects that received Federal Government funding in 2013. The program is focussed on photonic signal processing to improve defence capability and was awarded $13M under the Capability and Technology Demonstrator Program. Managed by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, the program supports Australian industry to develop and demonstrate new technologies that could contribute to defence capability. A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi LAUREATE FELLOWSHIP Prof. Simon Fleming, A/Prof. Boris Kuhlmey, Dr Alessandro Tuniz, A/Prof. Alexander Argyros IPOS Director Prof. Ben Eggleton was awarded a Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Research Council in 2012. He will receive $2.91 million over five years to work on ‘Nonlinear optical phononics: harnessing sound and light in nonlinear 6 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 nanoscale circuits’. The project will open a new field of physics by building the first integration platform in which light and sound interact in nonlinear nanoscale circuits. STUDENT AWARDS The success of IPOS students was recognised with various awards, including Dr Trung Vo who received the prestigious prize for best PhD thesis in the School of Physics at the University of Sydney in 2012, Yvan Paquot who won the SPIE Europe award for best presentation at the recent SPIE Photonics Europe 2012 conference, and Matthew Collins who received first place in the Australian Institute of Physics Ken Doolan Memorial Prize, also in 2012. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER SUCCESS An optics innovation by an IPOS researcher has been a financial and technology transfer success story creating a wave of sales for local company Finisar, that has used the new technology. IPOS researcher Dr Jochen Schröder created a new function for Finisar’s WaveShaper Programmable Optical Processors that allows light to be split in extremely sophisticated ways. The new technology makes the liquid crystal on silicon optical chips within the processor act as multiple optical circuits - a bit like circuit boards in traditional electronics, and earned Dr Schröder the CUDOS Innovation Prize, celebrating Australian innovations in optics and photonics. POSTDEADLINE PAPERS IPOS researchers were very successful with postdeadline paper submissions. A team led by IPOS researcher Dr Sergio Leon-Saval with collaborators at Bell Laboratories Alcatel Lucent were successful with two postdeadline papers at ECOC 2013 on their photonic lantern work for telecommunications. CUDOS researcher Dr Alex Clarke and co-workers had a successful submission at the previous ECOC in 2012 on their work heralded single photon sources. Dr Jochen Schroeder and co-workers had their wavelength selective switch work featured in a postdeadline paper at OFC in 2013, whist Profs Ben Eggleton and Martijn de Sterke’s teams had three postdeadline papers at the 2012 Nonlinear Photonics Conference. Other occasions included: four postdeadlines at ACTOFT 2012, two postdeadlines at OECC 2012, one at CLEO 2012, one at ANZCOP 2013, two at FiO 2013, one at the Nonlinear Optics Conference 2013, and two at CLEO-PR/OECC 2013. GRANT FUNDING SUCCESS IPOS research successfully attracted competitive research funding from the Australian Research Council. IPOS researchers were involved in two Discovery Projects, three DECRAs, two Future Fellowships, two Linkage Projects and two LIEF grants, in 2012, and five Discovery Projects, three DECRAs, and two LIEF grants in 2013. In addition, IPOS researchers are involved in the CUDOS ARC Centre of Excellence and received further funding from internal University of Sydney grants. In all, research funding commencing in 2012 totalled $7.4M, and funding commencing in 2013 totalled $5.8M. A list of selected projects can be found on page 16. Dr Michaël Roelens, Dr Jochen Schröder TRAINING COURSES IN FIBRE FABRICATION IPOS, in conjunction with ANFF OptoFab ran two training courses on optical fibre drawing, specifically focussing on the fabrication of microstructured polymer optical fibres (mPOF). The courses ran for a week each, in May and September 2013, and covered all aspects of preform and fibre fabrication, with a hands-on focus so the participants could get direct experience. The participants also attended lectures covering various relevant topics, such as the rheology of fibre drawing, and the physics governing the guidance of light in these microstructured optical fibres. The first course was attended by two researchers from the University of the Basque Country, Spain, and two local students. The second was attended by two researchers from the Multimedia University, Malaysia, and researchers from the University of Baghdad, Iraq, Beijing Jiaotong University, China, and Harbin Engineering University, China, and one local student. The course was taught by IPOS researchers A/Prof. Alexander Argyros, Dr Richard Lwin, Dr Sergio LeonSaval, A/Prof. Boris Kuhlmey and Dr Alessandro Tuniz. 7 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 IPOS STUDENT CONFERENCE On the 12th of June 2013 IPOS held its first Student Conference, in order to bring together the students from the various groups that comprise IPOS, to share ideas and find out more about each other’s research area, they being the ones who will make “Discoveries for the next generation” the theme of the conference. Students gave 20 minute talks in a relaxed and refreshing atmosphere of peers, and the day consisted of nine speakers spanning from Astrophotonics, Chemistry, Quantum Physics to Integrated photonics. IPOS awarded a prize of $150 to the best speaker, as voted by conference attendees, and the winner was Matthew Collins (PhD Physics - CUDOS) who gave an excellent talk about “Building the ideal single photon source”. Second and third place was awarded to Mitchell Quinn (PhD Chemistry) and Sam Richards (PhD Physics - Astrophotonics). All the students’ talks were very professional and of a very high standard. Overall, the conference served well as an opportunity for the students to discuss and exchange their ideas and possibilities for future collaborations. The general feedback from the students was positive, and they were surprised by the amount of similar research that was going on in different faculties – which they became more aware of through this conference. The IPOS Student Conference was of great value to the students and congratulations goes to the organisers Tomonori Hu, Andrew Danos, Rowan MacQueen, and Clare Galvin for a job well done. Sergio Leon-Saval were part of the Australian delegation representing the Australian Academy of Science in the 10th China-Australia Symposium on Science & Technology, focused on Astronomy and Astrophysics. The symposium was held in Nanjing, 10-12 November 2013 and hosted by the Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory. The Australian delegation was led by Prof. Suzanne Cory, President of the Australian Academy of Science (AAS) and Dr Alan Finkel, President of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE). The Chinese delegation was led by Prof. Jinghai Li, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). TALL POPPY PRIZE IPOS Deputy Director A/Prof. Alexander Argyros was awarded a NSW Young Tall Poppy Award in October 2012. Run by the Australian Institute of Policy and Science, the Young Tall Poppy Science Awards recognise individuals who combine world-class research with a passionate commitment to communicating science and who demonstrate great leadership potential. A/Prof. Argyros’s research focused on understanding how light interacts with microscopic structures in materials. The main platform of his research has been photonic crystal fibres, and more recently fibre-based metamaterials. IPOS MOURNS THE LOSS OF DR PETER DOMACHUK IPOS researcher Dr Peter Domachuk passed away in REVOLUTIONARY SPECTROMETER FUNDED December 2012 after a sudden The Astrophotonics Group, led by IPOS researcher Prof. illness, aged 33. Peter did his Joss Bland-Hawthorn, is a key partner in a revolutionary new undergraduate and postgraduate project at the University of Maryland to be funded by the degree in the School of Physics Keck Foundation and NASA. This is the first of a series of at the University of Sydney. new projects that will unite the resources of the University His PhD was on the topic of Maryland, the Goddard Space Flight Centre and IPOS at of optofluidics and he was the University of Sydney. In addition to the Astrophotonics supervised by Prof. Ben Eggleton. group, the interdisciplinary team includes renowned experts Dr Peter Domachuk He went on to a postdoctoral Dr Sylvain Veilleux, Project Leader; Dr Mario Dagenais, position at Tufts University with Prof. Fiorenzo Omenetto on Project Co-leader; Dr Stuart Vogel; Dr Andy Harris; Dr the topic of silk photonics. In 2009 he returned to the School Neil Gehrels; and Dr John Mather, 2006 Nobel Laureate in of Physics/IPOS at the University of Sydney as a Research Physics. The team has worked together for 20 years and has Fellow and was awarded a prestigious ARC Postdoctoral received worldwide acclaim for achievements in astronomical Fellowship. Peter published many high profile papers on the instrumentation and astrophotonics. topic of optofluidics and biophotonics and was active in the community. At the University of Sydney he initiated a new program in biophotonics (silk photonics and optofluidics) and ACADEMY OF SCIENCE DELEGATION TO CHINA had established new laboratories, supervised students and IPOS researchers Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn and Dr was building linkages and commercialisation opportunities. 8 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 He was the coordinator for the Sydney University Masters in Photonics program, a member of the IPOS Executive, and Chair of the IPOS 2010 Symposium on bio-photonics that was attended by over 180 people. Peter was a valued member of IPOS and a great colleague and friend to many – he will be sorely missed. DR PETER DOMACHUK MEMORIAL LECTURE technology applications. This new research platform was featured in MIT’s Technology Review magazine as one of the 2010 “top ten technologies likely to change the world”. Notably, Dr Domachuk had worked with Prof. Omenetto at Tufts Univeristy on this topic, and had initiated his own silk photonics activity when he moved back to Sydney in 2009. SYMPOSIUM 2012 The 4th IPOS Symposium on “Low Frequency Photonics: Bridging the Gap” was held on the 5th and 6th of November 2012 at the Eastern Avenue Auditorium and Lecture Theatre Complex of the University of Sydney. The Symposium was a great success with over 130 registrations. Audience at Dr Peter Domachuk Memorial Lecture The Dr Peter Domachuk Memorial Lecture series was established to honour and commemorate Dr Peter Domachuk’s outstanding contribution and commitment to optofluidics and biophotonics research. The lecture series was initiated by his parents in 2013 along with the collaboration of the School of Physics and the Faculty of Science, and will be administered by IPOS. The biennial Dr Peter Domachuk Memorial Lecture will attract the brightest minds and visionary thinkers in Optical or Experimental Physics and bring them together with students, academics and researchers to engage on ideas that contribute to a better understanding and stimulate new and important lines of enquiry in Physics. Prof. Fiorenzo Omenetto The inaugural lecture, titled “The multiple forms of silk - from ancient textile to future technology” was presented on the 4th of November 2013 by Prof. Fiorenzo Omenetto of Tufts University, Boston, USA. Prof. Omenetto was one of the pioneers of silk photonics, which explores the use of silk as a material platform for photonics, optoelectronics and high- The Symposium brought together researchers from Australia and around the world in the fields of photonics and optics with an emphasis on the science of the mid-infrared, terahertz and microwave frequency regions. The key goal of the Symposium was to examine the development of photonics in these frequency regions as a way Prof.José Capmany of “bridging the gap” between the visible and near-infrared and lower frequency radiation. Low frequency photonics will be crucial to many existing and future applications, such as agriculture, defense and medicine. The NSW Government Chief Scientist and Engineer, Prof. Mary O’Kane, opened the Symposium. The first day focused on the broader field and featured many high profile speakers, including Prof. José Capmany from the Institute of Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications, Universidad Politècnica de València, Spain, speaking about microwave photonics. He was followed by Prof. Lorenzo Faraone from the University of Western Australia, who spoke about hyperspectral imaging in the infrared. As has become a custom at these Symposia, the afternoon session showcased Audience at the IPOS Symposium 2012 9 HIGHLIGHTS OF 2012-13 the latest IPOS research in a series of brief talks, followed by a poster session. The second day continued with a more technical focus, with eminent international speakers with Dr Matteo Clerici representing Prof. Roberto Morandotti from the Ultrafast Optical Processing Group at INRS-EMT Université du Québec, Canada and Prof. Daniel Mittleman from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University, USA. They both spoke about different aspects of THz frequency photonics. nanofabrication tool to the suite of facilities available to researchers across Australia, it is the only one of its kind available for public access in Australia, and was funded by support of a grant awarded by ANFF. Currently it is housed in the Bandwidth Foundry but in 2015 will be moved to the newly completed Australian Institute of Nanoscience on the Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney. The Symposium was sponsored by the CUDOS ARC Centre of Excellence, the NSW Government through NSW Trade & Investment, Warsash Scientific, LasTek, Coherent, NewSpec, the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF), and the Australian Optical Society (AOS). A/Prof. Stuart Jackson led the organising committee, which consisted of A/Prof. Alexander Argyros, Prof. Ben Eggleton, Prof. Simon Fleming, Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn, A/Prof. Timothy Schmidt, Dr Shaghik Atakaramians, Dr Sergio LeonSaval, Dr Darren Hudson and Yvan Paquot. Vera Brinkel and Shelley Martin are thanked for their excellent organisational assistance. CUDOS PHOTONICS SHOWCASE 2013 The 2013 IPOS Symposium was replaced by the CUDOS Photonics Showcase, held at the Australian Technology Park in Sydney on 22 November 2013 which aimed to build links between researchers and those seeking the next industrial opportunity. It aslo provided educational resources to the teachers of the next generation of scientists, engineers and users of photonics technology. The Showcase was attended by 300 people with CUDOS researchers exhibiting a number of ‘industry-ready’ prototypes. The event celebrated photonics and optics research in Australia, and incorporated many collaborators and partners of the University of Sydney. Dr Michael Spence A plenary presentation on photonics was given by Dr Simon Poole, 2011 NSW ICT Entrepreneur of the Year, recipient of a 2013 ATSE Clunies Ross award and formerly Technical Director of the Optical Fibre Technology Centre at the University of Sydney, and Dr Michael Spence, ViceChancellor of the University of Sydney launched the ANFF i-line stepper facility. The launch celebrated the addition of a new CUDOS Photonics Showcase 2013 ACHIEVING SCIENTIFC EXCELLENCE IPOS researchers were again very successfully in publishing their research in top peer reviewed journals. In 2012 and 2013 IPOS researchers published four and seven articles respectively in Science or Nature group journals, along with 20 and 16 papers in Optics Express and 11 papers for both years in Optics Letters, the top two optics journals. Overall, IPOS produced 130 journal papers in 2012 and 120 in 2013, consistent with performance in previous years. A full list of journal publications can be found on page 26. High-quality articles were published in renowed journals like Nature Photonics 10 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS - SUPER-RESOLVED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING Fig. 1: Photo of a cuvette filled with two powders (left) and fake-colour representation of a hyperspectral image of the same (right) over the 0.2-0.9 THz range. The four substances appearing as white (A, air), magenta (B, lactose), red (C, PDPA) and black (D, PMMA) can be identified from their spectra. A/PROF ALEXANDER ARGYROS Hyperspectral imaging describes an image in which spectral information is retained, and each pixel represents a spectrum rather than an intensity value. This is an information rich tool for both research and many applications as spectral signatures can be used to identify and quantify various substances. Whilst we do this to some extent automatically with our colour vision, there is interest in utilising hyperspectral imaging in the mid-infrared and THz frequency ranges (wavelengths of several microns to several mm) as this range is rich in spectral fingerprints arising from bond vibrations, molecular conformations and inter-molecular interactions. THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is now a standard spectroscopy technique that can be combined with raster scanning to produce hyperspectral images. In our work we developed flexible low-loss THz waveguides based on hollow dielectric waveguides (Opt. Express, 2013), and demonstrated these as imaging probes which are scanned across an object to form an image (JLT, 2014). This is more practical than moving the object or the entire THz system as is usual. Imaging at these longer wavelengths however can be limited by the resolution. The diffraction limit dictates that resolution is approximately half a wavelength, which becomes problematic when small objects need to be seen with long wavelengths. Here, we used fibre drawing techniques to produce metamaterial hyperlenses based on wire array metamaterials. Such wire arrays are highly anisotropic Fig. 2:. (a) Schematic of fabrication of hyperlens. (b)Photo and (c) X-ray tomography of hyperlens (scale: 8 mm ), and (d) image of thinner end of the lens (scale: 1 mm). (e) Image of the field focused down to a FWHM of 1/28 of a wavelength (wavelength of 4 mm, scale: 0.2 mm). (conducting in one direction and dielectric in another), greatly affecting the propagation of electromagnetic waves through them (Adv. Opt. Mat., 2013). In particular, waves may propagate without diffracting, meaning the diffraction limit no longer applies, and near field information from an object will propagate and can be magnified into the far field. Using such a magnifying hyperlens we have demonstrated resolution and focusing to 30 times smaller than the wavelength in the low-THz range (Nat. Comms., 2013). The hyperspectral imaging and hyperlenses are recent major outcomes for our THz and metamaterials group, which has included A/Prof Boris Kuhlmey, Prof Simon Fleming, Dr Alessandro Tuniz, Dr Richard Lwin, Dr Shaghik Atakaramians, Dr Leon Poladian, Dr Martijn de Sterke, Damian Ireland, Neetesh Singh, Rachael Fulcher, Juliano Hayashi, and visiting students Valerio Setti, Osama Naman, Wenliang Lu and Ahmed Al-Chalaby. Our work continues in investigating the fabrication of hyperlenses on smaller scales, to increase the spatial resolution and the spectral range over which we can perform such super-resolved hyperspectral imaging, and its applications to biomedical imaging. Associate Professor Alexander Argyros 11 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS - FIBRE-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LABORATORY Fig. 1: Measured 33-tap square-top RF filter response. Fig. 2.: Measured (solid line) and simulated (dashed line) RF response of the widely and continuously tunable single bandpass filter. Fig. 3:. Measured conversion efficiency of the SBS carrier suppression photonic mixer versus input RF signal frequency. PROF. ROBERT MINASIAN, FIEEE FOSA The Fibre-optics and Photonics Laboratory (FPL) specialises in research into advanced optical techniques for photonic signal processing, microwave photonics, optical communications, nonlinear fibre optics, optically-controlled phased arrays, and terahertz/ gigahertz photonics in communication and radar systems. Our research into photonic signal processing explores new, powerful paradigms for processing high bandwidth signals. This approach allows direct processing of high-frequency signals that are already in the optical domain, and has applications to radar, radio over fibre, defence, and radio astronomy arrays. Filtering is a key signal processing function in many optical-wireless system applications. We have obtained a new switchable microwave photonic filter based on a novel spectrum slicing technique. The processor enables programmable multi-tap generation with general transfer function characteristics and offers tunability, reconfigurabiliy, and switchability, Fig.1. We have also obtained a simple microwave photonic processor structure with single passband response, and widely tunable capability. It is based on the new principle of shifted dispersion-induced radio-frequency (RF) fading where a spectral response equivalent to the curve of the dispersioninduced RF fading that is shifted from the conventional baseband location to high frequencies. Therefore, an equivalent single passband is formed without the requirement of the conventional tap coefficients. Experimental results have verified the structure and demonstrated a continuously tunable microwave filter exhibiting shape invariance and a single passband, Fig. 2. We have proposed a novel method for designing high channel-count fibre Bragg gratings. The proposed method utilizes tailored group delay to obtain a more even distribution of the refractive index modulation. This approach results in the reduction of the maximum refractive index modulation to physically realizable levels. The maximum index modulation reduction factors are all greater than 5.5. This is a significant improvement compared with previously reported results. Numerical results show that the thus designed high channel-count FBG filters exhibit superior characteristics including 30 dB channel isolation, a flat-top and almost 100% reflectivity in each channel. We have also investigated the existence and stability of gap solitons in nonuniform dual-core Bragg gratings. It is found that in certain parameter ranges the gap solitons develop sidelobes. For the first time, we have obtained exact analytical expressions for the sidelobes. Photonic microwave mixers bring advantages of extremely wide bandwidth of operation, near infinite isolation between the RF and the LO ports, and EMI immunity. However, conventional microwave photonic mixer structures suffer from very low conversion efficiency. We have obtained a new microwave photonic mixer structure that solves this problem is. It is based on using the inherent frequency selectivity of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) loss spectrum to suppress the optical carrier so as to enable high RF signal and LO sidebands to be incident onto the photodetector, thus increasing the conversion efficiency. The measured SBS based mixer conversion efficiency results in Fig. 3 have demonstrated an extremely wide bandwidth operation of 0.2 to 20 GHz, and a large conversion efficiency improvement of over 26 dB in comparison to the conventional microwave photonic mixer structure. Professor Robert Minasian 12 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS - HYBRID PLASMONIC PLATFORM FOR NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS Fig. 1: Schematic of a HPWG; λpump is the pump wavelength and λ4wm is the wavelength generated by the 4wm inside the low index dielectric Si3N4 gap. to large linear dimensions; (ii) opaque, absorbing materials like metals (plasmonics), which can enormously compress light, giving rise to huge light intensities, so long propagation lengths are not required, leading to compact structures. However, the high losses tend to prevent this approach from reaching its full potential. DR STEFANO PALOMBA Fast transfer and processing of information are crucial to our modern society. They are mostly carried out by a combination of electronics, for processing the information and converting the outcome into light signals, and photonics, for transmitting those light signals over long distances via optical fibres. However, these traditional roles are not enough to fulfil the increasing demands for more and more information. Electronics equipment has become increasingly the bottleneck because of its bulkiness, its high power dissipation and consumption, its slow processing capabilities, and its vulnerability to electromagnetic interference. Light-based devices are taking over some of its tasks such as the transfer of information between different circuit boards in large computers (interconnects), and the on-chip processing of information, rather than just its transfer. Photonics is attractive because photonic devices can respond very rapidly, are immune to electromagnetic interference, have very low power dissipation, and allow for parallel processing. Being able to take over some tasks from electronics requires light to interact with itself, which does not happen at low light intensities. If the light intensity in an appropriate material becomes high enough, it interacts with itself, generating, for instance, new colours (frequencies). These nonlinear phenomena are thus light intensity dependent. Nonlinear optical effects are very weak. Two approaches have been explored to exploit substantial nonlinear phenomena: (i) transparent materials like glasses or semiconductors (photonics), which cannot compress light more than half a wavelength and thus require long propagation distances, leading Fig. 2: (a) HPWG cross-section for a 20 nm thick Si3N4 core. The section is superimposed on to preliminary COMSOL simulations (red identifies the strongest fields). (b) HPWG forming a ring microcavity generating a comb of wavelengths from a single monochromatic pump. The Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Advancement Lab (NPAL) explores, through modelling and experiment, an alternative approach which combines the best characteristics of metals and dielectrics into a hybrid structure, which exhibits high light intensities, moderate losses and on-chip compatibility. Since the basic structure of every on-chip photonic device is a waveguide, our basic hybrid structure is a waveguide made of a nonlinear dielectric material (core), sandwiched between a metallic layer (plasmonic structure) and another dielectric material (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a). We call this a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG). We will develop a Hybrid plasmonic micro-cavity (HPµC), which will be the first of a new generation of on-chip hybrid plasmonic multi-wavelength coherent sources for telecommunication, precision optical frequency metrology (i.e. optical clocks), optical interconnects, highly precise sensing, spectroscopy and quantum information. Fig. 2b shows the operating principle of the HPµC, in which a single input wavelength generates a precisely separated comb of new wavelengths. Dr Stefano Palomba 13 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS - NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHONONICS ON-CHIP BRILLOUIN FREQUENCY COMBS DR IRINA KABAKOVA Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is one of the strongest nonlinear effects in optical fibers and has a range of applications in single processing, high coherence lasers and microwave photonics. SBS is based on photon-phonon interaction, in which strong optical pump coherently scatters from moving density fluctuations (acoustic phonons) giving rise to a frequency-shifted Stokes signal. The recent achievements of nonlinear optical phononics group, which is run under the umbrella of CUDOS and IPOS, demonstrated great potential of chalcogenide integrated platform for harnessing optoacoustic interactions in a small-footprint devices. In 2011, it was found that a few centimetre-long chalcogenide rib waveguides exhibit Brillouin gain stronger than hundred meters of the silica fiber. In 2012-2013 several functions based on SBS in chalcogenide rib waveguides have been demonstrated: single- and multiple frequency lasing, slow and fast light regimes, microwave tunable filtering and dynamic gratings. Currently, a particular interest is attracted towards the development of Brillouin frequency combs as a promising technology for integrated high-frequency picosecond pulse sources. Such combs can be produced from a relatively cheap, continuous wave laser by applying cascading of SBS process. Cascading occurs when the input pump power marginally exceeds the Brillouin threshold, so that the first Stokes wave is strong enough to initiate SBS process itself. Cascading SBS on-chip demands high input powers and, in many instances, is impractical due to the power-handling limitation of chalcogenide chips. However, the Brillouin power threshold can be reduced by many folds providing a distribute feedback for Fig. 1: Basic principle of the frequency comb generation in a chalcogenide rib waveguide. The waveguide is pumped by a single wavelength laser generating a broad comb at the waveguide output. A Bragg grating, inscribed inside the waveguide, provides field enhancement at the Stokes frequencies, leading to the comb amplification and spectral broadening. the Stokes signal. Our recent work reveals that combination of a periodic structure, resonant with several Stokes waves, and a high Brillouin gain medium can be promising for low-power Brillouin comb generation. Dr Irina Kabakova 14 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS - NANOPHOTONICS FOR SOLAR ENERGY Fig. 1: schematic of a nanowire array. Fig. 2: Absorption versus wavelength for four uniform arrays and four a single array incorporating nanowires with four different diameters (see inset). In all cases the quantity of silicon is the same. Fig. 3: Absorption versus wavelength for a uniform nanowire array (blue curve), and arrays with increasing clustering (as quantified by the parameter l. PROF. MARTIJN DE STERKE The search for a ubiquitous, inexpensive, and non-polluting source of energy is one of the major research challenges of our times. Solar energy is a promising candidate, but its cost per Watt generated is high compared to that of conventional fuels. A key contribution to the cost is that of the silicon which is used to absorb the sunlight. Though silicon is almost universally used in solar cells, it actually does not absorb sunlight particularly well. For this reason traditional solar cells use thick silicon films (approximately 50 μm). One of the challenges in solar energy research is to reduce the silicon thickness by an order of magnitude, while still absorbing most of the sunlight. We have analysed the absorption of arrays of nanowires. These wires are typically a few micrometers long, have a diameter of 100-200 nm and are spaced a several hundred micrometers apart. Figure 1 shows a schematic of such an array. Remarkably, if carefully tailored, these structures can absorb more sunlight than uniform thin films of the same thickness, which contain much more silicon. The reason is that a nanowire acts as a resonator for incoming light of some wavelength, increasing the absorption at that particular wavelength. While standard arrays consist of identical nanowires which are arranged in a periodic fashion, we evaluated the effect of variations in both their diameters and their positions, both of which can increase the absorption. If different nanowires have different diameters, then each nanowire resonates with a different part of the solar spectrum, enhancing the solar absorption at a number of different wavelengths, rather than just at a single one. This is illustrated in Fig. 2 which shows the absorption versus wavelength for five different nanowire arrays. The four dashed and dotted curves correspond to uniform arrays in which the nanowires have diameters of 120, 140, 210, 250 nm. Each of these exhibits enhanced absorption for a wavelength range of 100 nm. In contrast, an array which incorporates all four of these nanowires (see inset) exhibits strong absorption over a much wider wavelength range (solid curve). The absorption decreases at longer wavelengths since the intrinsic silicon absorption is very low there. If the positions of the nanowires can vary then it is inevitable that structures arise in which two or more nanowires are clustered together. Such clusters have their own resonances which increase the absorption. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 which shows absorption versus wavelength for increased degrees of clustering (as quantified by the parameter l). As in Fig. 2 in all cases the quantity of silicon is the same. While the absorption increases with clustering, the effect is not as strong as for variations in the nanowire diameter. Though studies like these are useful and necessary, many other aspects need to be considered before nanowire arrays are used in large scale, solar cell applications. Professor Martijn de Sterke 15 RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS – ASTROPHOTONICS Fig. 1: Balloon prototype PIMMS spectrograph fed by a photonic lantern (not shown) where optics are placed accurately within a casing made by our in-house 3D printer. The instrument is fully diffraction limited, i.e. the resolving power (R~2000) matches the number of optical fringes across the 1 mm pupil. PROF. JOSS BLAND-HAWTHORN This has been an interesting year for astrophotonics in part because of the wider use of photonic lanterns that arose from this field. Sergio Leon-Saval explored lanterns for telecommunications systems through separate collaborations with Nick Fontaine (Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs) and Joel Carpenter (CUDOS), which led to several postdeadline papers at major optical conferences such as ECOC, FIO, OFC. PhD Chris Betters demonstrated the revolutionary PIMMS concept in a paper that drew special praise from an anonymous referee for its breathtaking originality and execution. We propose to repeat the balloon flight of 2012 with an array of these new devices. Furthermore, this year also saw the first on-sky demonstration of this technology at the UKST telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. In recent years, numerous papers describe the use of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light. This concept has been extensively studied and simulated in a laboratory setting. So why do we care? This year, researchers from the University of Padova took the first step towards detecting celestial OAM. They claim that 17% of the total power one particular star is from OAM specifically. But is the OAM power due to the atmosphere or an instrumental artefact? Can it really be intrinsic to the star or the star’s environs? Our goal is to repeat the measurement and to understand it. In collaboration with Gabriel Molina-Terriza (Macquarie University), PhD Richard Neo is developing a telescopemounted instrument to measure OAM states. We are presently calibrating the instrumental and environmental (turbulent) effects on the OAM content of light. Our first problem is to extend OAM measurement from a narrow band (<10nm) to a broader band (~100 nm) to ensure we get enough signal from faint celestial sources. Richard Neo’s initial work uses a spatial light modulator to compensate for the generation of spurious OAM modes due to aberrations along the optical path (manifested as a ‘splitting’ of higher order singularities in a beam of OAM l ≥2). The compensation scheme and its results are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: (a) Experimental setup used to generate OAM modes using a spatial light modulator (SLM). (b) l=2 Laguerre-Gauss mode (b) prior to compensation and (c) after compensation. The applied compensation reforms the central singularity, previously split by aberrations. Furthermore, Honours student Anna Zovaro demonstrated that acrylic paint applied to glass slides has the same structure function as turbulent seeing. We can use these slides to investigate whether turbulence can impose or suppress OAM in a beam. Professor Joss Bland-Hawthorn 16 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS IPOS brings together researchers from across the University of Sydney. This research is supported primarily through the Australian Research Council (ARC), but also through a variety of other funding sources. The majority of these ARC supported projects are included here in summary form to provide an overview of the scale and scope of the IPOS research portfolio. Further information on the status and progress of these projects can be found on the IPOS website. ARC CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE (A SCHEME FUNDED UNDER THE ARC NATIONAL COMPETITIVE GRANTS PROGRAM) CE110001018 CUDOS (CENTRE FOR ULTRAHIGH BANDWIDTH DEVICES FOR OPTICAL SYSTEMS) 2012 - 2013 During 2012 and 2013 CUDOS made substantial progress towards achieving several significant milestones along its seven-year path; delivering internationally-competitive research outcomes through strong local and international collaborations, exploring opportunities to add value to its research outcomes through commercialisation, and engaging actively with the broader community. The Centre either met or exceeded its target key performance indicators for research in high impact journals (Nature photonics, Nature Communications and Nature Materials, Physical Review Letters, and Advanced Materials, to name a few) and post-deadline presentations. In 2013 CUDOS published 77 papers in (A/A*) journals and scored 12 post deadline presentations. CUDOS personnel delivered over 88 international plenary, keynote and invited presentations, 77 visits to overseas labs were undertaken and the centre hosted over 30 visiting scholars from around the world. To further validate the quality of its published research, CUDOS sought additional peer review by establishing a scientific advisory committee of four internationally respected experts to review research achievements against international progress. Professor David Miller of Stanford University accepted the role of chair and is to be joined by Emeritus Professor Hans Bachor of the ANU, Dr Igal Brenner of Sandia National Laboratories, and Professor Costas Soukoulis of Iowa State University. The committee is to attend, observe and evaluate the Centre at its Annual Workshop in February 2014. [Stop Press: June 2014 The Centre has received the committee’s report which recognises the outstanding achievements of CUDOS and the calibre and quality of staff and students: “CUDOS has convincingly established itself in optics as the major centre in Australia and one of the major centres internationally, and continues to justify that reputation.” The report also makes constructive observations and recommendations that will influence the direction the centre takes in the coming years]. The Centre’s goals are focused not just on scientific excellence but on links with industry and the community. During 2013 significant steps were taken in this direction. Several areas of commercial development are in progress, with substantial patent activity (ten patent applications filed) in quantum photonics, mid infrared and OFDM technologies. Substantial resources were also invested in the delivery of a ‘Photonics Showcase’ at which prototypes of technologies developed in the Flagship projects were demonstrated to the Centre’s peers and to prospective commercial partners. These included a quantum-based generator of random numbers, a laser source of mid-infrared light for sensing, a 3D nano-printer, and photonic filters for applications from seeing through haze to descrambling microwave signals. The CUDOS Photonics Showcase, Photonics and Optics: Pivotal technologies for 21st century Australia, held at the Australian Technology Park on 22 November 2013, was attended by 280 people drawn from industry, the education sector as well as from research groups, including 120 CUDOS staff and students. Sydney-based groups in CSIRO, DSTO, ANFF, and local company Finisar were also invited to exhibit their technology capabilities, products, and services. In addition to showcasing commercialisation-ready technologies the Showcase was the platform to launch two well-received outreach initiatives: the Optics Discovery Kit, which targeted secondary school science teachers and the “Own It!” careers video http://www.cudos.org.au/outreach/media.shtml which profiles a number of CUDOS graduates, their skills, and the wide range of career choices they have made. The feedback from attendees was overwhelmingly positive; buoyed by this support, the Centre will exhibit its commercial prototypes at the 2014 International Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics (CLEO) in San Jose in June 2014. Of course the CUDOS Annual Workshop is one of the signature achievements of the Centre, representing a key element in its strategy of building strong collaborative links across the seven participating Australian universities and our local and international partner organisations. The 2012 Workshop was held in Port Stephens, NSW and in 2013 the centre went to Philip Island, Victoria. With over 150 attendees, including the majority of the centre’s PIs, these workshops are larger in size than all but the most significant Australian conferences. Their value was attested by one of 17 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS the centre’s PIs, who in 2013 rated it as his ‘best networking meeting’. The achievements of CUDOS researchers and students based at Sydney University were again recognised in 2012 & 2013. Prof Ben Eggleton received an ARC Laureate Fellowship to further his research in the area of Nonlinear optical phononics: Harnessing sound and light in nonlinear nanoscale circuits. Dr Jochen Schröder with Dr Michaël Roelens from Finisar Australia, a former researcher at CUDOS, were finalists in the Eureka Prize for Commercialisation of Innovation 2013. Prof Martijn de Sterke was appointed Chair of the Board of Editors of the OSA. Students Matt Collins was awarded Best presentation, Nonlinear Optics Conference, Hawaii 2013 and the Wanda Henry Prize at ACOFT 2012 was won by Stephanie Crawford. Looking forward, in mid 2014 CUDOS will be reviewed by the ARC to assess its performance against “the Scheme objectives outlined in the Funding Rules and the specific Centre objectives as set out in the Centre Proposal, and the specific performance targets or milestones in the Centre Proposal and in the Funding Agreement.” In advance of this, the Centre is conducting its own review of progress over the last three years and asking itself “how have we performed against the targets we set for ourselves in 2011?” ARC DISCOVERY PROJECTS DP0986960 DR SD JACKSON Microfibre photonics: function densification on a wavelength scale 2009 – 2013 The project will contribute to Australia’s nanoscale device research and nanomanufacturing development. The project will create microfibre fabrication technologies for the creation of new optical systems of miniature proportions that will be used for cell illumination, for the creation of sensors for detection in small environments and as light tools for fundamental experiments in physics. Specialist fabrication methods will be developed that will add to the nation’s skill base. The outcomes of the project will enhance Australia’s knowledge capacity, research capability and will contribute significantly to each of the National Research Priorities. DP0987580 PROF RA MINASIAN New paradigms for high-resolution microwave photonic signal processing 2009 – 2013 In today’s society there is an unrelenting push for increasing bandwidth requirements. Thus there are unprecedented challenges to provide systems that can optimally condition high-speed signals. Many systems carry not only the desired information but also high-level interference signals. Tuneable interference mitigation is essential to address different interferers actively while having minimal impact on the required signal. The new dynamically reconfigurable photonic signal processors in this project have important applications for science, business and security services. The results have widespread uses in enhancing fibre-fed distributed antenna systems, with national benefits in the fields of radioastronomy and radar systems in defence. DP1093789 DR A ARGYROS Scaling up microstructured fibres for terahertz radiation 2010 – 2014 Terahertz radiation is the last region of the electromagnetic spectrum to be fully utilised. Many applications have been identified but their practicality has been limited by a lack of low loss flexible waveguides. The waveguides to be developed in this project will build on Australia’s existing international lead and investments in photonics as well as extend the dynamic field of microstructured optical fibres, identified as the ‘future’ of optical fibres. Low loss flexible waveguides will enable imaging and spectroscopy applications that can reveal and object’s internal structure and composition. This will have immediate applications in security, quality control, medical imaging and other safety or industrial applications. DP1093445 PROF CM DE STERKE Frozen linear and nonlinear light 2010 – 2012 Frozen light refers to the observation that light inside particular media can be much brighter than outside it, essentially because it bounced around many times before leaving. Such light has many advantages which have applications in optical signal processing, lasers, and in other optical devices. Until now frozen light has only been studied in a small range of geometries and only at low intensities. In this fundamental research project we will investigate frozen light, its generation and its properties at low and high 18 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS intensities, systematically, and we will assess how it can be harnessed for potential applications. DP1096831 DR P DOMACHUK Silk Fibroin Optofluidic Chips 2010 – 2013 Unlike any other material, even any other biologically occurring material, silk is unique in being very transparent, able to be shaped on a very small scale and can keep natural chemicals like proteins and enzymes active. This project will use silk to make optical devices and sensors. Optics made from silk will have all these properties, which means that they can be used as sensors and devices in biochemistry applications that have never been possible before. These cost effective devices will have the potential to enhance healthcare, emergency medicine and assist early medical diagnosis. DP1096838 PROF BJ EGGLETON & DR R PANT Stimulating light scattering in periodic structures: How slow can it go? 2010 – 2012 Proof of concept experiments have already proven that it is possible to reduce and control the speed of light within the laboratory. This fundamental change in our understanding of light properties generated a frenzy of scientific interest and we now have a basic understanding of the physical processes involved in slowing light. What we do not have, however, is a method of doing so that can be harnessed into useful applications outside of the lab. Our proposed approach offers a low power solution that can be readily incorporated into a myriad of engineered devices. DP1096567 DR SG LEON-SAVAL Light Matter Interactions In Nanoparticle doped Microstructured Polymer Fibres 2010 – 2012 Microstructured optical fibres have been defined as the ‘next generation’ of optical fibres. This proposal offers the opportunity to make major advances in this dynamic new area, not only changing the fibre properties by means of its microstructured but also by its material properties. The proposed research will enable us to fabricate new types of optical fibre by exploiting three completely different technologies: polymer materials, microstructured polymer fibres (mPOF) and nanoparticles. This project will build on our existing success in developing mPOF, and create major new opportunities, both in fundamental science and in applications that could and would be commercialised. DP110105484 PROF RC MCPHEDRAN, DR CG POULTON & PROF LC BOTTEN Beyond metamaterials: new composites for transforming photonics 2011 – 2013 Composites containing metamaterials, new materials with extraordinary electromagnetic properties, are opening new horizons in optical physics, with the potential to deliver a range of unprecedented functionalities. This project will clarify the exotic physics of these revolutionary new materials, leading to new photonics applications. DP110100003 A/PROF DJ MOSS, DR C MONAT & PROF Y FAINMAN Breaking the glass ceiling: silicon nitride (SiN) and doped silica glass for ultra high speed Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible optical processing and measurement chips 2011 – 2013 The global internet demands for energy and technology will soon be unsustainable. This project will pioneer faster, cheaper, far smaller, and more energy efficient optical signal processing and measurement chips compatible with silicon CMOS technology, for applications in telecommunications, silicon integrated circuits, and fundamental science. DP110102243 DR X YI & PROF RA MINASIAN New multi function wideband microwave and radio frequency signal conditioning based on photonic approaches 2011 – 2015 The demand for more bandwidth, more functionality and higher sensitivity creates unprecedented challenges for optimally conditioning wideband signals. The project leverages breakthroughs in photonics to develop new programmable microwave processors, with benefits to Australia in radar/antenna systems for defence and broadband wireless networks. 19 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS DP120102559 A/PROF T SCHMIDT, PROF SH KABLE, DR MC MCCARTHY & PROF JF STANTON Double resonance spectroscopy for astrochemistry that can switch, modulate and modify light. Currently this requires problematic materials. This project will innovatively combine breakthroughs in two areas: poling and laser writing, to produce active devices in standard silicate glass chips. 2012 – 2014 We will use advanced laser techniques to probe simulated astrophysical environments with a view to identifying molecules in space. The types of molecules under study are also of direct relevance to other fields such as combustion, and will reveal details of the chemistry of pollution and atmospheres. DP120103942 DR BT KUHLMEY & DR A ARGYROS Drawn metamaterials: scalable nanofabrication for optical components of the future 2012 – 2014 The project will create practical metamaterials (artificial nanostructured materials) using our breakthrough drawing technique. With these metamaterials the project will create extraordinary devices capable of controlling light in otherwise unobtainable ways: rendering objects invisible, imaging and patterning on nanoscale and flexibly guiding Terahertz radiation. DP120104562 PROF J BLAND-HAWTHORN, PROF K FREEMAN & DR SC KELLER Galactic Archaeology: a new probe of the cold dark matter paradigm DP130103715 PROF SD BARTLETT & A/PROF AC DOHERTY Bulk-boundary correspondence in quantum many-body systems 2013-2015 This project will develop theoretical and numerical methods to explore how the bulk properties of quantum materials at low temperature are manifested on the edge of the material. Characterising this bulk-boundary correspondence will uncover new regimes of physics and underpin the development of powerful quantum technologies in the laboratory. DP130104326 PROF SH KABLE, D MJ JORDAN & DR DL OSBORN Chemistry at the threshold: unusual mechanisms and unexpected products 2013-2015 The chemical processes in combustion and in the atmosphere are complex and understood incompletely; for example 30-60 million tonnes of acids in the atmosphere are unaccounted for. The project will measure and model three new chemical processes that may account for the atmospheric acids, and other unexplained occurrences in combustion chemistry. 2012-2014 The project capitalises on Australia’s technological leadership in carrying out wide-field surveys, and on Australia’s intellectual leadership in stellar astronomy and galactic archaeology. HERMES is the new Anglo-Australian Telescope instrument that will keep Australians competitive in a field that is set to explode in the coming decade. DP130102348 PROF SC FLEMING Teaching old dogs new tricks: making ordinary glass both guide and modulate light in photonic chips 2013-2015 The continued revolution of telecoms, and other industries, by photonics demands active integrated photonics: chips DP130101009 DR KYLIE R CATCHPOLE & PROF CAREL M DE STERKE Nanophotonics for strong absorption in extremely thin solar cells: moving beyond silicon 2013-2015 This project will lead to the development of extremely thin solar cells made of novel low-cost materials, which would likely reduce the cost of photovoltaic technology. If the cost of photovoltaics was sufficiently low then it could have a major impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution in Australia and worldwide 20 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS ARC LINKAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES PROJECTS LE120100199 PROF J BLAND-HAWTHORN, A/PROF SM CROOM, DR MJ IRELAND, DR S LEON-SAVAL, A/PROF JW O’BYRNE, PROF M COLLESS, DR SC ELLIS & DR JS LAWRENCE GNOSIS-J: completing the revolutionary OH suppression spectrograph 2012 One of today’s research frontiers is to design materials with tailored physical, chemical and mechanical properties which would be suitable for new uses. Equipment for melt spinning and high-pressure torsion will be used to process materials to achieve novel microstructures. These will pave the way to new types of advanced materials for future applications in lightweight transport, energy technologies and biomaterials. LE130100146 DR DR MCCAMEY, A/PROF GM MORAN, DR LJ BROWN, DR DJ REILLY, PROF JP MACKAY, PROF AR HAMILTON, PROF PA LAY, A/PROF T SCHMIDT & PROF AS DZURAK Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: an enhanced capability for research in quantum physics, materials science, chemistry and biological sciences 2013 By improving our ability to investigating materials which impact fields ranging from disease and ageing to renewable energy and quantum information, the pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer provided will allow the project to address some of the fundamental questions facing society. LE130100198 PROF J BLAND-HAWTHORN, A/PROF SM CROOM, DR H JONES, PROF QA PARKER, DR JS LAWRENCE, PROF M COLLESS, PROF WJ COUCH, PROF K GLAZEBROOK, DR JJ BRYANT & DR SG LEON-SAVAL The SAMI facility: a revolutionary multi-object hexabundle spectrograph 2013 SAMI is a new Australian instrument concept that uses fibre bundles to obtain detailed spectroscopic data at many positions across the face of numerous galaxies at a time. Now that the technology has been shown to work, with spectacular results, the project aims to turn this concept into a general-user facility at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. ARC LINKAGE PROJECTS LP0990871 PROF ML ASLUND & PROF J CANNING The photonic immunochip: retrieving individual Enzymelinked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) array-units using optical waveguide multicolour fluorescence 2009 – 2012 Improving the sensitivity and availability of in-vitro immunodiagnostic tests is a critical goal towards developing real time efficient tools for the detection of infectious diseases, cancers, allergies and auto-immune diseases. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of these tests by reducing background noise that has been a feature of the commonly used ELISA technology. This will be achieved by developing a novel optical integrated waveguide array supporting a large range of distributed tests, including several based on a novel multi-colour detection scheme. This massively parallel approach will underpin a new generation of low-cost, efficient diagnostic tests. LP120100661 PROF BJ EGGLETON, DR JB SCHRÖDER & DR MA ROELENS A versatile optical wavelength and mode switching device for future telecommunication networks 2012 – 2014 This project will develop a next generation switching device for future fibre optical communication networks that will divide their information among several modes of specialty fibre. This device will be a key component for allowing network operators to move to these novel mode-multiplexed networks in order to overcome the looming capacity crunch. Projects funded from 2014 ARC DISCOVERY PROJECTS DP140100975 PROF J CANNING & A/PROF M LANCRY 2014-2016 This application will elucidate, optimise and apply the art, science and technology of glass processing on a sub-micron scale to develop a range of optical fibre, waveguide and glass devices including sensors, lasers, two and three- 21 RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH PROJECTS dimensional components and masks for operation in harsh and extreme environments, particularly those operating above 1000 degrees celsius. A connection between changes in optical spectra, structural relaxation and viscous flow is used to optimise the thermal and optical resistance of glass technologies in the all-critical industrial 1000 to 1200 degrees celsius window. Fundamental and device studies will show that regeneration is the only current approach that will enable photonic technologies to operate in such harsh environments. DP140104065 PROF PG TUTHILL & DR O GUYON 2014-2016 Understanding the origins of the Earth and our Solar System comprises one of the landmark challenges for contemporary astronomy. This project will commission the VAMPIRES instrument which will open a unique window upon planetary nurseries around distant stars. These dusty disks will be perturbed by any newborn planets orbiting within causing several subtle signatures which our instrument is designed to read. Such data will make a critical contribution to our understanding of planetary assembly. Revealing the primordial state, before the onset of structural changes as the system evolves, informs expectations for exoplanetary system architecture and for the chance that life is harboured around distant stars. DP140104116 EM/PROF GW BARTON & PROF SC FLEMING 2014-2016 Exploitation of ‘smart materials’ is a major opportunity for 21st century Australian manufacturing if cost effective bulk production is available. Metamaterials are ideal building blocks for such new-age materials, being dielectric/metal composites structured on sub-wavelength dimensions, offering diverse properties unavailable in natural materials. Fibre drawing is a proven mass-production technology for translating the structure of a (macroscale) preform to microscale and has recently been applied it to fabricate microscale metamaterials. By overcoming fundamental instabilities, this project will transform the technique to manufacture nanoscale structured composites and demonstrate practical metamaterial-based optical devices with unique properties. ARC LINKAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES PROJECTS LE140100062 DR JB SCHRÖDER, PROF AJ LOWERY, PROF B LUTHERDAVIES, DR MD PELUSI, DR C HUSKO, PROF BJ EGGLETON & DR MA ROELENS 2014 Universal optical transmitter for rapid prototyping and system emulation: This Project proposes an integrated, multiuser facility for the generation of extremely wide-bandwidth optical communication signals that will help to dramatically improve the data-handling capability of optical fibres and improve the energy efficiency of optical communication networks. The project will modulate the input of an advanced optical transmitter with multi-level, multi-phase signals at multi-Gb/s rates to generate ‘higher-order’ modulation formats at multi- terra bits per second rates including orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), Nyquistwavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), regular WDM and Optical Time-Division Multiplexing (OTDM). With this transmitter the project will investigate advanced optical communications concepts including ‘constellations’ of phase and intensity, limitations of nonlinearity in optical fibres, signal regeneration, and all-optical routing. LE140100131 DR AS CLARK, DR BC GIBSON, PROF TM MONRO, PROF A MITCHELL, PROF DJ REILLY, A/PROF AD GREENTREE, DR A PERUZZO, DR C XIONG & DR C HUSKO 2014 National facility for cryogenic photonics: The project will establish a multi-disciplinary, multi-user facility for the development and analysis of photonic materials and devices at cryogenic temperatures, heralding a new paradigm in quantum optical research in Australia. The two nodes, one for photonic materials development and one for quantum device characterisation, will enable new physical phenomena to be discovered, new materials to be developed and will ultimately result in the creation of ground-breaking new photonic technologies. This collaborative facility will play a role in the quantum revolution, hailed as the next major step in societal evolution, providing breakthroughs in modern technology and placing Australia at the forefront of this field. 22 RESEARCH REPORT COLLABORATION COLLABORATING ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONAL Aston University, UK BAM, Germany DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, Amsterdam, The Netherlands University of California San Diego, USA University of California Santa Barbara, USA University of Colorado, USA University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA University of Karlsruhe, Germany University of Liverpool, UK University of Maryland, USA Ghent University, Belgium University of Michigan, USA Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie University of Pittsburgh, USA Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK University of Potsdam, Germany Imperial College London, UK University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK Infinera, USA University of the Basque Country, Spain INL Laboratory, Lyon, France University of Toronto, Canada INRS Montreal, Canada University of York, UK Institute Fresnel, Marseille, France Yale University, USA K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran Keio University, Japan AUSTRALIA Lund University, Sweden Australian National University Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA ASPIC Consortium uniting the University of Sydney and AAO Monitoring Division Inc., California, USA Australian National Fabrication Facility Pty Ltd NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, Maryland, USA BAE Systems National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan CAA Consortium uniting the University of Sydney and AAO National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra National Research Council of Canada Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA Finisar North Carolina State University, USA Macquarie University Optics and Electronics Laboratory, Fujikura Ltd, Chiba, Japan Monash University Queens University, Canada National ICT Australia Sandia National Laboratories, USA RMIT University SOFI Consortium, Europe Silanna Semiconductor Pty Ltd SPLASH (Slow Photon Light Activated SwitchH) European Consortium Swinburne University of Technology Stanford University, USA Tel Aviv University, Israel Thales Research and Technology, France University of Aberdeen, UK University of Auckland, New Zealand University of Bath, UK University of Bristol, UK CSIRO ICT Centre Thales Underwater Systems, Sydney University of Adelaide University of Melbourne, Melbourne University of New South Wales University of Technology, Sydney 23 RESEARCH REPORT FACILITIES The Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS) has significant experimental research laboratories across the Faculties of Science and Engineering. Many of these laboratories are dedicated to specific projects or groups of similar projects managed by individual senior researchers. Some of the more major experimental laboratories are research facilities that serve a wide range of projects within IPOS. Some facilities have been acquired or are supported through schemes such as the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF) with the specific intent of making them available to the wider Australian research community. The laboratory is also equipped with advanced optical signal test and measurement equipment, including high resolution optical spectrum analyzers and a state of the art oscilloscope with a realtime sampling rate of 160 Giga samples per second to receive broadband optical signals operating near the limits of high speed opto-electronics. This advanced facility provides the capability to investigate novel optical devices and signal processing techniques to address the physical limits on higher bit rate data transmission in optical fibre networks spanning the globe. FIBRE BRAGG GRATING (FBG) PROTOTYPING AND CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY CUDOS SYDNEY RESEARCH FACILITIES Several critical facilities have been built up through the involvement of a substantial fraction of IPOS researchers in CUDOS. These facilities are used almost exclusively to support the CUDOS research program and partners in the CUDOS collaboration. These facilities include: Fibre Bragg gratings are written in this facility using a resilient custom-built UV-laser based near-field grating writing system. A swept-wavelength source (SWS) system is used for characterization of the optical loss of the gratings written with this system and this system has been extended by CUDOS researchers to permit measurement of the dispersion. TERABIT LAB FEMTOSECOND SUPERCONTINUUM PULSE FACILITY The Terabit per second optical communication test bed at IPOS is a world class facility underpinning the research of staff and students (both PhD and undergraduate) in the field of optical signal processing for high capacity data transmission. It employs lasers and state of the art electrical signal generators and electro-optic modulators for generating optical signals with extreme bit rates exceeding 1 Terabit per second. It also contains thousands of kilometres of optical fibre for exploring the fundamental limits of long distance propagation. High speed optical receivers using advanced coherent detection techniques are used to evaluate optical signals encoded with advanced data encoding formats including polarization multiplexing. The femtosecond pulse facility provides invaluable support to the many areas of photonics research. Eighty fs pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser are used to generate the nonlinear spectral broadening, and a specialized extended wavelength optical spectrum analyzer (AndoAQ315E) and home-built frequency-resolved optical grating(FROG) acts to characterize the output pulse characteristics. Nonlinear Silicon Photonics Setup in the CUDOS main laboratory MICROWAVE PHOTONICS LABORATORY The microwave photonics laboratory at CUDOS-IPOS is a state-of-the-art facility that underpins the world leading research in the area of integrated microwave photonics. The testbed combines a 40 GHz vector network analyzer with intermodulation and harmonic distortions characterization capabilities, with narrow linewidth lasers, high speed optical modulators and detectors, and fully automated six-axis chip coupling stages for complex (magnitude and phase) microwave and optical characterizations of on-chip integrated RF photonic signal processors. The laboratory also employs a 40 GHz microwave signal generator, a 50 GHz RF spectrum analyzer, and an 26 GHz Agilent Fieldfox, a portable multi-purpose spectral and network analysis instrument. 24 RESEARCH REPORT FACILITIES BRILLOUIN LASERS FACILITY Brillouin lasers laboratory, part of the nonlinear optical phononics group at the University of Sydney, aims to develop novel on-chip Brillouin lasers and frequency comb sources. The facility is funded through Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship of Prof. Benjamin Eggleton, and incorporate state-of-the-art optical and radio-frequency (RF) characterization and measurement equipment within University’s School of Physics. The range of instrumentation includes Agilent Vector Network Analyser, Agilent FieldFox RF Analyser, 100 MHz resolution Finisar Spectrum Analyser, wavelength-swept LUNA system and 64 GHz Agilent digital real-time optical oscilloscope. These instruments allow stateof-the-art characterization of optical and RF waveforms, gigahertz frequency temporal measurements of short pulses, high-resolution spectrum measurements and optical frequency time-domain reflectometry measurements (LUNA system). Currently located at the Australian Technology Park, they will relocate to campus into the Australian Institute of Nanoscience by the end of 2015. Housed in a cleanroom, the major items are an i-line stepper and a laser mask writer, together with a substantial suite of deposition, etching and characterisation equipment. The stepper can lithographically fabricate photonic, electronic and micromechanical devices with features as small as 100 nm on substrates as large as 150 mm. POLYMER FIBRE FACILITY This facility comprises a custom built commercial polymer draw tower and a suite of equipment for fabricating preforms and characterising fibre and some capabilities for post processing the fibre. The facility is especially geared towards microstructure fibres. NANOWIRE/FIBRE TAPERING FACILITY This facility comprises a number of specially built rigs for tapering fibres. This allows the fabrication of a number of important research components, such as the nanowires required for supercontinuum sources. The different rigs permit the tapering of fibres made from a wide range of materials, including polymers. Moritz Merklein, Dr Irina Kabakova and Iman Aryanfar at the Brillouin Lasers Laboratory OPTOFAB This is a node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility (ANFF). ANFF is funded by the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) to “provide researchers with major research facilities, supporting infrastructure and networks necessary for world-class research”. The OptoFab node includes three universities and one company and provides a broad suite of optical micro- and nano-fabrication facilities to the research community. IPOS houses the following: BANDWIDTH FOUNDRY A suite of optical lithography tools is operated by the Bandwidth Foundry, a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of Sydney. MID-IR FACILITY The Mid-infrared Photonics facility contains a wide variety of laser sources that provide a broad range of mid-infrared wavelengths in continuous wave and pulsed form. The high peak power optical parametric amplifier source is capable of producing 160 fs pulses between 1 μm and 4 μm, at 80 MHz repetition rate. The laser is complimented with a triple-grating spectrometer in combination with a variety of photodiodes.This facility can now boast the supply of two quantum cascade lasers that emit centre wavelengths of 4 μm and 5 μm and each tuneable over >200 nm bandwidth. The research into high power mid-infrared fibre laser sources also provides access to sources currently not available commercially, such as tunable holmium-doped fluoride fibre lasers that provide the facility with >1 W of laser radiation tuneable between 2.83 μm and 2.9 μm. The facility contains a variety of spectrometers and detectors. Two dedicated mid-infrared spectrometers based on diffraction grating monochromators allow the measurement of spectra out to 14 μm. A range of cooled photodiodes allows the measurement of both the spectral and temporal properties of mid-infrared light. A Yokogawa optical spectrum analyser allows the high resolution and high sensitivity detection of light in the 1.2 μm to 2.4 μm region. 25 RESEARCH REPORT FACILITIES THZ SPECTROSCOPY This facility consists of a THz time-domain spectroscopy system based on photoconductive antennas gated by a femtosecond Ti:Sapph laser. An important aspect of such systems is that the electric field is recorded, rather than power, allowing phase information to be easily extracted. The current system operates between approximately 0.1 – 2 THz. THz Spectroscopy Facility LASER SPECTROSCOPY GROUP RESEARCH FACILITIES The Laser Spectroscopy group situated in the School of Chemistry specialises in spectroscopy on femtosecond to nanosecond time scales. The Femtosecond Spectroscopy Laboratory operates a Clarke MXR Regenerative Amplifier with two optical parametric amplifiers, used in transient absorption, time resolved photoluminescence and timecorrelated single-photon counting experiments. AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE FOR NANOSCIENCE (AIN) The AIN (Australian Institute for Nanoscience) building is currently being constructed behind the School of Physics on the University campus. Funding for this $80M facility was provided by the University and by the Commonwealth Government under the EIF scheme. The Funding was based upon the University’s research strengths in nanoscale science, including that of IPOS researchers. The 10,000 m2 building will be well-integrated in the University campus and will have a large (over 700 Construction site of the new AIN building m2) state-of-the-art cleanroom, two transmission electron microscope suites, 25 high-quality laboratories of 40 m2 each, as well as work spaces and innovative teaching spaces. The group’s Nanosecond Spectroscopy Laboratory features various dye lasers used for laser-induced fluorescence, resonant 2-colour 2-photon ionisation spectroscopy and velocity map imaging. The group also operates a Slow Spectroscopy Laboratory, mainly for performing quantum efficiency measurements on photovoltaic devices. This facility moved to University of NSW in 2014. Construction site of the new AIN building Femtosecond Spectroscopy Laboratory While the AIN building will be a resource for the country and for the university, it will benefit IPOS researchers in particular: not only will it provide additional laboratory space, the clean room will, for the first time, allow IPOS researchers to fabricate nanophotonic devices in their own facility, located close to the research labs. Teaching in the AIN building is scheduled to commence in July 2014, and the research spaces will come on-line in the months after that. 26 PUBLICATIONS 2012 1. Alpaslan M.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Driver, S.; Norberg, P.; Peacock, J. A.; Baldry, I.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Brough, S.; Hopkins, A. M.; Kelvin, L. S.; Liske, J.; Loveday, J.; Merson, A.; Nichol, R. C.; Pimbblet, K., “Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): estimating galaxy group masses via caustic analysis”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 426(4) , 2832-2846 (2012) 2. an, H.; Fleming, S., “Investigating the effectiveness of thermally poling optical fibers with various internal electrode configurations”, Opt Express 20(7), 7436-7444 (2012) cladding: modal equations and guidance conditions”, J Opt Soc Am B 29, 2462-2477 (2012) 11. Baldry, I. K.; Driver, S. P.; Loveday, J.; Taylor, E. N.; Kelvin, L. S.; Liske, J.; Norberg, P.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Brough, S.; Hopkins, A. M.; Bamford, S. P.; Peacock, J. A.; BlandHawthorn, J.; Conselice, C. J.; Croom, S. M.; Jones, D. H.; Parkinson, H. R.; Popescu, C. C.; Prescott, M.; Sharp, R. G.; Tuffs, R. J., “Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the galaxy stellar mass function at z < 0.06”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 421(1), 621-634 (2012) 12. Baratali, B. H.; Atai, J., “Gap solitons in dual-core Bragg gratings with dispersive reflectivity”, J Opt 14(6) (2012) 3. an, H.-L.; Fleming, S., “Controlling spatial distribution of thermal poling induced second-order optical nonlinearity with multilayered structures”, Appl Phys Lett 101(10) (2012) 13. Bedoya, A. C.; Domachuk, P.; Grillet, C.; Monat, C.; Maegi, E. C.; Li, E.; Eggleton, B. J., “Reconfigurable photonic crystal waveguides created by selective liquid infiltration”, Opt Express 20, 11046-11056 (2012) 4. Andrews, D. U.; Heazlewood, B. R.; Maccarone, A. T.; Conroy, T.; Payne, R. J.; Jordan, Meredith J. T.; Kable, S. H., “Photo-Tautomerization of Acetaldehyde to Vinyl Alcohol: A Potential Route to Tropospheric Acids”, Science 337(6099), 1203-1206 (2012) 14. Bland-Hawthorn, J., “Editorial: The LAMOST survey at the Guo Shou Jing Telescope”, Research in Astron Astrophys 12(7), E1-E2 (2012) 5. Anthony, J.; Leonhardt, R.; Leon-Saval, S.; Argyros, A., “Air-core microstructured fibers provide low-loss, broadband terahertz guidance”, Laser Focus World 48(3), 61-63 (2012) 15. Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Kern, P., “Molding the flow of light: Photonics in astronomy”, Physics Today 65(5), 31-37 (2012) 16. Blown, P.; Fisher, C.; Lawrence, F. J.; Gutman, N.; de Sterke, C. M.; “Semi-analytic method for slow light photonic crystal waveguide design”, Photonics Nanostruct 10, 478-484 (2012) 6. Antoja, T.; Helmi, A.; Bienayme, O.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Famaey, B.; Freeman, K.; Gibson, B. K.; Gilmore, 17. Brownless, J. S.; Lawrence, F. J.; Mahmoodian, G.; Grebel, E. K.; Minchev, I.; Munari, U.; Navarro, J.; S.; Dossou, K. B.; Botten, L. C.; de Sterke, C. M., Parker, Q.; Reid, W.; Seabroke, G. M.; Siebert, A.; Siviero, “Supermodes of hexagonal lattice waveguide arrays”, J A.; Steinmetz, M.; Williams, M.; Wyse, R.; Zwitter, T., Opt Soc Am B 29, 1338-1346 (2012) “Kinematic groups beyond the solar neighbourhood with 18. Bruns, L. R., Jr.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; RAVE”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 426(1), L1-L5 (2012) Dijkstra, M., “Clustering of Lya emitters around luminous 7. Argyros, A.; Lwin, R.; Leon-Saval, S. G.; Poulin, J.; quasars at z=2-3: an alternative probe of reionization Poladian, L.; Large, M. C. J., “Low Loss and Temperature on galaxy formation”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 421(3), Stable Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers”, J 25543-2552 (2012) Lightwave Technol 30(1), 192-197 (2012) 8. Asatryan, A. A.; Botten, L. C.; Byrne, M. A.; Freilikher, V. D.; Gredeskul, S. A.; Shadrivov, I. V.; McPhedran, R. C.; Kivshar, Y. S.; “Transmission and Anderson localization in dispersive metamaterials”, Phys Rev B 85, 45122 (2012) 19. Buettner, T. F. S.; Kabakova, I. V.; Hudson, D. D.; Pant, R.; Li, E.; Eggleton, B. J., “Multi-wavelength Gratings formed via cascaded Stimulated Brillouin Scattering”, Opt Express 20, 26434-26440 (2012) 9. Aslund, M. L.; Canning, J.; Canagasabey, A.; de Oliveira, R. A.; Liu, Y.; Cook, K.; Peng, G.-D., “Mapping the thermal distribution within a silica preform tube using regenerated fibre Bragg gratings”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55(11-12), 3288-3294 (2012) 20. Buettner, T. F. S.; Hudson, D. D.; Maegi, E. C.; Bedoya, A. C.; Taunay, T.; Eggleton, B. J.; “Multicore; tapered optical fiber for nonlinear pulse reshaping and saturable absorption”, Opt Lett 37, 2469-2471 (2012) 21. Byrnes, A.; Pant, R.; Li, E.; Choi, D.-Y. ; Poulton, C. G.; Fan, S.; Madden, S.; Luther-Davies, B.; Eggleton, B. 10. Atakaramians, S.; Argyros, A.; Fleming, S. C.; Kuhlmey, J., “Photonic chip based tunable and reconfigurable B.T., “Hollow-core waveguides with uniaxial metamaterial 27 PUBLICATIONS narrowband microwave photonic filter using stimulated Brillouin scattering”, Opt Express 20, 18836-18845 (2012) 22. Cao, H.; Atai, J.; Shu, X.; Chen, G., “Direct design of high channel-count fiber Bragg grating filters with low index modulation”, Opt Express 20(11), 12095-12110 (2012) 23. Casas-Bedoya, A.; Husko, C.; Monat, C.; Grillet, C.; Gutman, N.; Domachuk, P.; Eggleton, B. J., “Slow-light dispersion engineering of photonic crystal waveguides using selective microfluidic infiltration”, Opt Lett 37, 4215-4217 (2012) Hawthorn, J.; Brough, S.; Cameron, E.; Conselice, C. J.; Croom, S. M.; Frenk, C. S.; Gunawardhana, M.; Jones, D. H.; Kelvin, L. S.; Kuijken, K.; Nichol, R. C.; Parkinson, H.; Pimbblet, K. A.; Popescu, C. C.; Prescott, M.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Sharp, R. G.; Sutherland, W. J.; Taylor, E. N.; Thomas, D.; Tuffs, R. J.; van Kampen, E.; Wijesinghe, D., “Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): colour- and luminosity-dependent clustering from calibrated photometric redshifts”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 425(2), 1527-1548 (2012) 32. Chu, R. H.; Minasian, R. A.; Yi, X., “Inspiring student learning in ICT communications electronics through a new integrated project-based learning approach”, Int J Elec Eng Educ 49(2), 127-135 (2012) 24. Chalyavi, N.; Troy, T. P.; Bacskay, G. B.; Nauta, K.; Kable, S. H.; Reid, S. A.; Schmidt, T. W., “Excitation Spectra of the Jet-Cooled 4-Phenylbenzyl and 4-(4 ‘-Methylphenyl) 33. Clady, R.; Tayebjee, M. J. Y.; Aliberti, P.; Koenig, D.; benzyl Radicals”, J Phys Chem A 116(44), 10780-10785 Ekins-Daukes, N. J.; Conibeer, G. J.; Schmidt, T. W.; (2012) Green, M. A., “Interplay between the hot phonon effect 25. Chan, E. H. W.; Minasian, R. A., “Microwave Photonic and intervalley scattering on the cooling rate of hot Downconverter With High Conversion Efficiency”, Mon carriers in GaAs and InP”, Prog Photovoltaics 20(1), 82Not R Astron Soc 30(23), 3580-3585 (2012) 92 (2012) 26. Chan, E. H. W.; Zhang, W.; Minasian, R. A., “Photonic 34. Clark, A. S.; Collins, M. J.; Judge, A. C.; Maegi, E. C.; RF Phase Shifter Based on Optical Carrier and RF Xiong, C.; Eggleton, B. J., “Raman scattering effects on Modulation Sidebands Amplitude and Phase Control”, J correlated photon-pair generation in chalcogenide”, Opt Lightwave Technol 30(23), 3672-3678 (2012) Express 20, 16807-16814 (2012) 27. Charles, N.; Jovanovic, N.; Gross, S.; Stewart, P.; Norris, B.; O’Byrne, J.; Lawrence, J. S.; Withford, M. J.; Tuthill, P.G., “Design of optically path-length-matched; threedimensional photonic circuits comprising uniquely routed waveguides”, Appl Optics 51, 6489-6497 (2012) 35. Clubb, A. E.; Jordan, M. J. T.; Kable, S. H.; Osborn, D. L., “Phototautomerization of Acetaldehyde to Vinyl Alcohol: A Primary Process in UV-Irradiated Acetaldehyde from 295 to 335 nm”, J Phys Chem Lett 3(23), 3522-3526 (2012) 28. Chen, P. Y., Byrne, M. A.; Asatryan, A. A.; Botten, L. C.; Dossou, K. B.; Tuniz, A.; McPhedran, R. C.; de Sterke, C. M.; Poulton, C. G.; Steel, M. J., “Plane-wave scattering by a photonic crystal slab: Multipole modal formulation and accuracy”, Wave Random Complex 22, 531-570 (2012) 36. Colquitt, D. J.; Jones, I. S.; Movchan, N. V.; Movchan, A. B.; McPhedran, R. C., “Dynamic anisotropy and localization in elastic lattice systems”, Wave Random Complex 22, 143-159 (2012) 29. Chen, T.; Yi, X.; Li, L.; Minasian, R., “Single passband microwave photonic filter with wideband tunability and adjustable bandwidth”, Opt Lett 37(22), 4699-4701 (2012) 30. Cheng, Y. Y.; Fueckel, B.; MacQueen, R. W.; Khoury, T.; Clady, R.G. C. R.; Schulze, T. F.; Ekins-Daukes, N. J.; Crossley, M. J.; Stannowski, B.; Lips, K.; Schmidt, T. W., “Improving the light-harvesting of amorphous silicon solar cells with photochemical upconversion”, Energy & Environmental Science 5(5), 6953-6959 (2012) 31. Christodoulou, L.; Eminian, C.; Loveday, J.; Norberg, P.; Baldry, I. K.; Hurley, P. D.; Driver, S. P.; Bamford, S. P.; Hopkins, A. M.; Liske, J.; Peacock, J. A.; Bland- 37. Cook, K.; Padden, W.; Canning, J.; Fevrier, S.; Li, B., “Bragg Gratings in the Germanium-Doped Concentric Rings of a Yb3+-Doped Core Solid Photonic Bandgap Fiber”, IEEE Sens J 12(1), 103-106 (2012) 38. Cook, K.; Shao, L.-Y.; Canning, J., “Regeneration and helium: regenerating Bragg gratings in helium-loaded germanosilicate optical fibre”, Opt Mat Express 2(12), 1733-1742 (2012) 39. Collins, M. J.; Judge, A. C.; Clark, A. S.; Shahnia, S.; Maegi, E. C.; Steel, M. J.; Xiong, C.; Eggleton, B. J., “Broadband photon-counting Raman spectroscopy in short optical waveguides”, Appl Phys Lett 101 (2012) 40. Collins, M. J.; Clark, A. S.; He, J.; Choi, D.-Y.; Williams, R. J.; Judge, A. C.; Madden, S. J.; Withford, M. J.; Steel, 28 PUBLICATIONS M. J.; Luther-Davies, B.; Xiong, C.; Eggleton, B. J., “Low Raman-noise correlated photon-pair generation in a dispersion-engineered chalcogenide As2S3 planar waveguide”, Opt Lett 37, 3393-3395 (2012) “Photonic chip based ultrafast optical processing based on high nonlinearity dispersion engineered chalcogenide waveguides”, Laser & Photonics Reviews 6, 97-114 (2012) 41. Croom, S. M.; Lawrence, J. S.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Bryant, J. J.; Fogarty, L.; Richards, S.; Goodwin, M.; Farrell, T.; Miziarski, S.; Heald, R.; Jones, D. H.; Lee, S.; Colless, M.; Brough, S.; Hopkins, A. M.; Bauer, A. E.; Birchall, M. N.; Ellis, S.; Horton, A.; Leon-Saval, S.; Lewis, G.; Lopez-Sanchez, A. R.; Min, S.-S.; Trinh, C.; Trowland, H., “The Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 421(1), 872893 (2012) 48. Ellis, S. C.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Lawrence, J.; Horton, A. J.; Trinh, C.; Leon-Saval, S. G.; Shortridge, K.; Bryant, J.; Case, S.; Colless, M.; Couch, W.; Freeman, K.; Gers, L.; Glazebrook, K.; Haynes, R.; Lee, S.; Loehmannsroeben, H. -G.; O’Byrne, J.; Miziarski, S.; Roth, M.; Schmidt, B.; Tinney, C. G.; Zheng, J., “Suppression of the nearinfrared OH night-sky lines with fibre Bragg gratings first results”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 425(3), 1682-1695 (2012) 42. Cvetojevic, N.; Jovanovic, N.; Betters, C.; Lawrence, J. S.; Ellis, S. C.; Robertson, G.; Bland-Hawthorn, J., “First starlight spectrum captured using an integrated photonic micro-spectrograph”, Astronomy and Astrophysics 544, L1 (2012) 49. Fogarty, L. M. R.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Croom, S. M.; Green, A. W.; Bryant, J. J.; Lawrence, J. S.; Richards, S.; Allen, J.T.; Bauer, A. E.; Birchall, M. N.; Brough, S.; Colless, M.; Ellis, Simon C.; Farrell, T.; Goodwin, M.; Heald, R.; Hopkins, A. M.; Horton, A.; Jones, D. H.; Lee, S.; Lewis, . Lopez-Sanchez, A. R.; Miziarski, S.; Trowland, H.; Leon-Saval, S. G.; Min, S.-S.; Trinh, C.r; Cecil, G.; Veilleux, S.; Kreimeyer, K., “First Science with SAMI: A serendipitously discovered galactic wind in ESO 185G031”, Astrophys J 761(2) (2012) 43. Cvetojevic, N.; Jovanovic, N.; Lawrence, J.; Withford, M.; Bland-Hawthorn, J., “Developing arrayed waveguide grating spectrographs for multi-object astronomical spectroscopy”, Opt Express 20(3), 2062-2072 (2012) 44. de Wit, G.; Heazlewood, B. R.; Quinn, M. S.; Maccarone, A. T.; Nauta, K.; Reid, S. A.; Jordan, M. J. T.; Kable, S. H., “Product state and speed distributions in photochemical triple fragmentations”, Faraday Discuss 157, 227-241 (2012) 45. Dossou, K. B.; Botten, L. C.; Asatryan, A. A.; Sturmberg, B. C. P.; Byrne, M. A.; Poulton, C. G.; McPhedran, R. C.; de Sterke, C. M., “Modal formulation for diffraction by absorbing photonic crystal slabs”, J Opt Soc Am A 29, 817-831 (2012) 50. Fontaine, N. K.; Ryf, R.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Leon-Saval, S. G., “Geometric requirements for photonic lanterns in space division multiplexing”, Opt Express 20(24), 2712327132 (2012) 51. Foster, C.; Hopkins, A. M.; Gunawardhana, M.; LaraLopez, M. A.; Sharp, R. G.; Steele, O.; Taylor, E. N.; Driver, S. P.; Baldry, I. K.; Bamford, S. P.; Liske, J.; Loveday, J.; Norberg, P.; Peacock, J. A.; Alpaslan, M.; Bauer, A. E.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Brough, S.; Cameron, E.; Colless, M.; Conselice, C. J.; Croom, S. M.; Frenk, C. S.; Hill, D. T.; Jones, D. H.; Kelvin, L. S.; Kuijken, K.; Nichol, R. C.; Owers, M. S.; Parkinson, H. R.; Pimbblet, K. A.; Popescu, C. C.; Prescott, M.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Lopez-Sanchez, A. R.; Sutherland, W. J.; Thomas, D.; Tuffs, R. J.; van Kampen, E.; Wijesinghe, D., “Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the mass-metallicity relationship”, Astron Astrophys 547 (2012) 46. Driver, S. P.; Robotham, A. S. G.; Kelvin, L.; Alpaslan, M.; Baldry, I. K.; Bamford, S. P.; Brough, S.; Brown, M.; Hopkins, A. M.; Liske, J.; Loveday, J.; Norberg, P.; Peacock, J. A.; Andrae, E.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Bourne, N.; Cameron, E.; Colless, M.; Conselice, C. J.; Croom, S. M.; Dunne, L.; Frenk, C. S.; Graham, Alister W.; Gunawardhana, M.; Hill, D. T.; Jones, D. H.; Kuijken, K.; Madore, B.; Nichol, R. C.; Parkinson, H. R.; Pimbblet, K. 52. Gai, X.; Wang, R. P.; Xiong, C.; Steel, M. J.; Eggleton, B. A.; Phillipps, S.; Popescu, C. C.; Prescott, M.; Seibert, J.; Luther-Davies, B., “Near-zero anomalous dispersion M.; Sharp, R. G.; Sutherland, W. J.; Taylor, E. N.; Thomas, Ge11.5As24Se64.5 glass nanowires for correlated photon D.; Tuffs, R. J.; van Kampen, E.; Wijesinghe, D.; Wilkins, pair generation: design and analysis”, Opt Express 20, S., “Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the 0.013 < z < 776-786 (2012) 0.1 cosmic spectral energy distribution from 0.1 mu m to 1 mm”, Mon Not R Astron Soc 427(4), 3244-3264 (2012) 53. He, J.; Xiong, C.; Clark, A. S.; Collins, M. J.; Gai, X.; Choi, D. Y.; Madden, S. J.; Luther-Davies, B.; Eggleton, 47. Eggleton, B. J.; Vo, T. D.; Pant, R.; Schroeder, J.; Pelusi, B. J., “Effect of low-Raman window position on M. D.; Choi, D.-Y.; Madden, S. J.; Luther-Davies, B., 29 PUBLICATIONS correlated photon-pair generation in a chalcogenide Ge11.5As24Se64.5 nanowire”, J Appl Phys 112 (2012) 54. Hu, T.; Hudson, D. D.; Jackson, S. D., “Actively Q-switched 2.9 mu m Ho3+Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber laser”, Opt Lett, 37, 2145-2147 (2012) 55. Huang, S.-W. ; Cirmi, G.; Moses, J.; Hong, K.-H. ; Bhardwaj, S.; Birge, J. R.; Chen, L.-J.; Kabakova, I. V.; Li, E.; Eggleton, B. J.; Cerullo, G.; Kaertner, F. X., “Optical waveform synthesizer and its application to highharmonic generation”, J Phys B 45 (2012) 56. Huang, T. X. H.; Yi, X.; Chen, T.; Minasian, R. A., “PhaseModulation-Based Microwave Photonic Bandpass Filter Using a Programmable-Induced Frequency Response”, IEEE Photonic Tech L 24(14), 1197-1199 (2012) 57. Hudson, D. D.; Maegi, E. C.; Judge, A. C.; Dekker, S. 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J., “Efficient inscription of Bragg gratings in As2S3 fibers using near bandgap light,” Opt Lett 38, 3850-3853 (2013) 40 GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT & MEMBERSHIP GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE, EXECUTIVE & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH STAFF EXECUTIVE AND MANAGEMENT MEMBERS The Institute of Photonics and Optical Science has an Executive Committee consisting of Prof. Benjamin Eggleton (Director) A/Prof. Alexander Argyros (Deputy Director) Prof. Simon Fleming Prof. Martijn de Sterke Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi Shelley Martin Dr Stefano Palomba Dr Peter Domachuk served on the Executive until the end of 2012, his position was taken on by A/Prof. Stuart Jackson until the end of 2013, and then by Dr Stefano Palomba. A/ Prof. Tim Schmidt served on the executive from 2012 until his research group left the University in 2014. Prof. Robert Minasian withdrew from the Executive in 2013 when he was appointed as Emeritus Professor, and his position was taken on by A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi. Dr Honglin An A/Prof. Alexander Argyros A/Prof. Javid Atai Dr Shaghik Atakaramians Prof. Stephen Bartlett Dr Ian Bassett Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn Dr Albert Canagasabey Prof. John Canning Dr Joel Carpenter Dr Alvaro Casas Bedoya Dr Erwin Chan Dr Alex Clark Dr Kevin Cook Dr Nick Cvetojevic Prof. Martijn de Sterke Dr Peter Domachuk Prof. Ben Eggleton Prof. Simon Fleming Dr Feng Gao Dr Christian Grillet Dr Nadav Gutman Dr Thomas Huang Dr Darren Hudson Dr Chad Husko Dr Shih-Hsin Hsu A/Prof. Stuart Jackson Dr Alexander Judge Dr Irina Kabakova Prof. Scott Kable A/Prof. Boris Kuhlmey Dr Mikhail Lapine Dr Maryanne Large Dr Kwang Jo Lee Dr Simon Lefrancois Dr Sergio Leon-Saval Dr Enbang Li Dr Fangxin Li Dr Richard Lwin Dr Eric Magi Dr David Marpaung Dr Pam McNamara Prof. Ross McPhedran Prof. Graham Milton Dr Seong-Sik Min Prof. Robert Minasian Prof. David Moss Dr John O’Byrne Dr Stefano Palomba 41 GOVERNANCE MEMBERSHIP Dr Ravi Pant Dr Mark Pelusi Dr Alberto Peruzzo Dr Leon Poladian Dr Chris Poulton A/Prof. Tim Schmidt Dr Jochen Schröder Mr Shayan Shahnia Dr Mike Smith Mr Mike Stevenson Dr Alessandro Tuniz Prof Peter Tuthill Dr Chris Walsh Dr Chunle Xiong A/Prof. Xiaoke Yi Dr Lin Er Zou Dr Joseph Zheng VISITING SCHOLAR Mr Christian Reimer (University of St Andrews) Mr Henrik Steffensen (DTU Denmark) Prof. Shanhui Fan (Stanford University) Prof. Herb Winful (University of Michigan) PHD, MASTERS & HONOURS STUDENTS Ali Altaki Iman Aryanfar Scott Brownless Adam Byrnes Thomas Büttner Nahid Chalyavi Tong Chen Zicong Chen Parry Chen Dennis Cheng Sam Chorazy Saddam Chowdhury Matthew Collins Stephanie Crawford Sahan Dasanayaka Stephen Dekker Justin Donnelly Fernando Diaz Caitlin Fisher Rachael Fulcher Clare Galvin Bligh Gibson Ryuichiro Goto Dale Grant El Abed Haidar Babak Hajibaratali Juliano Hayashi Jiakun He Brianna Heazlewood Tomonori Hu Zixin Huan Damian Ireland Md Jahedul Islam Nikolas Iwanus Iman Jizan Tamal Joy Rejvi Kaysir Felix Lawrence Gang Li Liwei Li Rebecca Lodin Rowan Macqueen Sahand Mahmoodian Moritz Merklein Hannah Moore Blair Morrison Osama Naman Richard Neo Anh Tuan Nguyen Gerrard O’Connor Mattia Pagani Frank Paino Yvan Paquot Fahimeh Shahvarpour Neetesh Singh Björn Sturmberg Murad Tayebjee Tyler Troy Xudong Wang Andrew Watts Yanbing (Young) Zhang MASTERS BY COURSEWORK STUDENTS Ahmed Alchalaby Tasnima Ahsan Matthew Briggs Ashley Lisle Xiaoqi Liu Wenliang Lu Scott Matthew-Case Emma Mujic Joel Salazar INSTITUTE OF PHOTONICS & OPTICAL SCIENCE T +61 2 9351 2637 F +61 2 9351 7725 E ipos@physics.usyd.edu.au sydney.edu.au/ipos INSTITUTE OF PHOTONICS & OPTICAL SCIENCE Produced by IPOS, The University of Sydney, 11/2014. 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