by
Dr. SIVANANTHAN ELAGUPILLAY1
RAHMAT TOPANI1
ZALEHA 2
1. Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia
2. Department of Town and Country Planning, Malaysia
1
CONTENTS
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Tiger Landscape
Issues
Planning Tools
• National Tiger
Conservation Action
Pl (NTCAP)
Plan
• Central Forest Spine
(CFS)
• Incorporating
p
g Smart
Green Infrastructure (SGI)
01/10/10
TIGER LANDSCAPE
 49,000 sq. km of tiger
habitats
 Estimated
E ti t d population:
l ti
500
tigers
 Mean tiger density: 1 and 3
tigers/100km2
 Malaysia could support a
larger tiger population
 Classified as new Malayan
tiger subspecies in 2004
ISSUES WITH TIGER LANDSCAPE
•FRAGMENTATION
• Islands of habitats
• Road kills
•HUMAN
TIGER
CONFLICT
(HTC)
• About 100 reports per year
• livestock loss
• occasional
attacks
on
humans
ed ate act
action
o ta
taken
e by
• Immediate
the DWNP to capture the
tiger
• LACK OF AWARENESS
ISSUES
01/10/10
PLANNING TOOLS FOR TIGER CONSERVATION
TIGER LANDSCAPE
SPECIES
CONSERVATION
POLICY
National Physical Plan National Policy on
Biodiversity
INSTITUTIONAL
& LEGISLATIVE
MECHANISM
•
National Physical
Planning Council Chaired by the Prime
Mi i t
Minister
• Town and Country
Planning
g Act 1986
•
SPECIFIC PLAN
FOR TIGERS
Central Forest Spine
(CFS), 2011
•
6
National Biodiversity
Council – chaired by the
Deputy Prime Minister
• Wildlife Conservation Act
2010
• National Parks Act
Act, 1980
• Department of Wildlife and
National Parks (DWNP)
National Tiger
Conservation Action Plan
(NTCAP), 2009
PLANNING TOOL:
NATIONAL PHYSICAL
PLAN (NPP)
NATIONAL TIGER CONSERVATION
ACTION PLAN (NTCAP)
• 80 actions to be implemented to achieve the
t
target
t off h
having
i up to
t 1000 ti
tigers b
by 2020
CENTRAL FOREST SPINE (CFS)
FOREST SPINE LINKAGES
…. as identified by NPP
South China Sea
CFS: CONCEPT
Primary linkages
Secondary linkages
- Most critical
- Important for large mammals
- Linear corridors
-Where primary link
unfeasible
-Birds and small
mammals
-Stepping
Stepping stone
approach
CFS: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Presentation
(PL1 and SL2)
Focus Group
Discussion of
SL2
Focus Group
Discussion of
PL1
CFS: 37 ECOLOGICAL LINKAGES
PERLIS
Kangar
1
THAILAND
Alor Setar
SL7
Kota Bharu
KEDAH
SL8
2
PL5
PL8
George
PULAUTown
PINANG
3
PL4
SL10
SL5
PL2
SL13
SL1
KELANTAN
SL3
PERAK
PL7
SL6
PL10
Kuala Terengganu
TERENGGANU
PL9
SL12
4
SL9
PL11
PL3
SL4
Ipoh
PL6
SL11
PL1
CFS 1
CFS 2
5
PAHANG
Kuantan
SL2
SL3
SL1
6
SL2
7
SELANGOR
PL5
Kuala Lumpur
Shah Alam
SL6
LEGEND
11.KEDAH
KEDAH SINGGORA FOREST COMPLEX
2.BINTANG HIJAU FOREST COMPLEX
3.MAIN RANGE FOREST COMPLEX
4.GREATER TAMAN NEGARA FOREST COMPLEX
5.BENOM FOREST COMPLEX
6.CINI-BERA FOREST COMPLEX
7.SOUTH EAST PAHANG FOREST COMPLEX
8.ENDAU ROMPIN – SEDILI FOREST COMPLEX
Primary linkages
Secondary Linkages
Forest Complex
Forest Cover
State capital
PL6
NEGERI
SL7SEMBILAN
PL2
Seremban
8
PL4
PL1
MELAKA
Bandar Melaka
SL4
JOHOR
PL3
SL5
Johor Bahru
SINGAPORE
CFS PL1 SUNGAI YU CORRIDOR
• Linking Greater Taman Negara
N i
lP
k with
ihS
National
Park
Sungaii Y
Yu F
Forest
Reserve
10km to Merapoh
• The narrowest point is about 400m
400m.
Railway
400m
12km
• Sungai Yu Ecological Corridor is
pp
y 12 km long
g and 9 km
approximately
wide.
• It covers approximately 4,233
hectares.
h t
Road
• Sg. Yu Ecological Corridor is located
within 10 kilometers of the national
premier tourism destination Taman
Negara which has its entry point at
Merapoh
Merapoh.
9km
CFS PL1: IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
No Road widening within
corridor
Sign posting and speed control
Gazette State Land as
Forest Reserve
Human settlement : No further
expansion within the corridor
Immediate Strategy : Include
Tanum Forest Reserve into core
area. Gazette state/ scrub land
and forest reserve as Protected
Forest under section 10 NFA
(Wildlife Sanctuary).
Convert Sg. Yu Recreation
Park as ecotourism/ research
and information centre
centre.
Sg. Yu
Recreation Park
Oil palm plantation apply RSPO
guidelines.
g
Long Term Strategy Extend
Taman Negara to include the
core area.
Stage 2 : Overpass
Gazette State Land as Forest
Reserve
Create riparian reserve
Rubber plantation apply
Sustainable Plantation
Guidelines
Look out tower
Stage 2 : Underpass viaduct
Sign posting and speed control
CFS PL7: SGI TO ESTABLISH
WILDLIFE CROSSING
Road for
vehicles
CFS PL1: COSTS AND FUNDING
•
•
•
DIRECT COSTS -proposed infrastructure works: road and drainage works,
structural works, landscape, road signs, monitoring costs, and viewing
towers.
INDIRECT COSTS -costs of lands . The costs of lands include all state forestlands,
scrub and g
grasslands, all of which are in the proposed linkage
g and ideally,
y are to be
conserved to facilitate wildlife crossings. The estimated area of state forestland (1476
hectares) and scrub and grasslands (726 hectares) totalled 2,202 hectares.
Total cost of development is estimated at RM89.4 million.
Total Cost
of PL1
Category
Infrastructure
Imputed Cost of
Area: 2,202
2 202 ha
Cost Items
Road & Drainage Works
Structural Works
Landscaping
Road signs
Monitoring Devices &
Maintenances
Viewing Tower
Contingency
Sub-total
Cost of State Forests (Core &
Buffer)
Total Development Cost
RM
2,700,000
31,950,000
325 000
325,000
25,000
4,700,000
240,000
240 000
7940000
47,880,000
41,503,000
89,383,000
CFS: INCORPORATING SGI
Implementation of CFS PL7
3 viaducts or ‘eco‐
‘eco‐bridge’ built at a cost of
RM30
RM
30 million
illi
at Ketiar
K i northeastern
h
part
linking Taman Negara with Tembat FR
completed in 2007
• elephants and wild boar use it frequently
• a DWNP monitoringg unit established
CFS:
INCORPORATING SGI
Conditioning
Wildlife Movement
Electric Fencing
Needs management
01/10/10
CFS:
INCORPORATING SGI
Habitat enrichment:
Pastures
Artificial salt lick
01/10/10
CFS:
CO O
G
INCORPORATING
SGI
• 3 viaducts at Taman Negara NP
North – Tembat FR completed in
2007
• IIncorporated
t d att the
th design
d i
stage of the highway
• 3 viaducts at Taman Negara
g
NP
west – Sg Yu FR started in 2011
• Incorporated at the
upgrading stage of the
highway
• 2 viaducts at Belum State Park
– Temenggor FR announced
recently
• Highway has to be
upgraded for wildlife
01/10/10
crossings
SGI AS A LINK
• Between fragmented
tiger habitats
• To mainstream
conservation with
development
1
3
SL7
SL8
4
Ulu Muda
PL5
2
Royal
Belum
Sokortaku S. Durian
Kelian Intan
PL4
SL7
SL10
SL9
PL2
PL8
Temenggor
Selama
PL9
SL1
SL3
Setiu
SL5
G. Korbu
Maxwell Hill
Taman
PL7
Negara
PL3
Matang
mangroves
PL11
SL6
PL10
SL12
Tembat
Lojing
PL6
G. Bubu
Ringlet
SL11
Raja Musa peat
swamp forest
5
Lentang
SL2
Krau
SL3
Bukit
Kutu
SL4
PL1
6
Bera
PL6
Bukit Bauk
CFS1
Berkelah
SL1
SL2
Chini
PL5
CFS2
7
Pekan
PL2
SL6 SL7
G. Angsi
PL4
Endau-Rompin
National Park
Endau Kota Tinggi
Endau-Kota
Wildlife Reserve
8
PL1
SL4
Jamaluang
PL3
Panti Bird
Sanctuaryy
Forest Complexes:
1. Kedah – Singgora Range
2. Bintang Hijau Range
3. Main Range
4. Greater Taman Negara
5. Benom massif
6 Cini – Bera
6.
7. South-East Pahang peat swamp forest
8. Endau-Rompin – Sedili
Primary Linkage (PL)
Secondary Linkage (SL)
SL5
Kuala Sedili
TERIMA KASIH – THANK YOU
http://www.wildlife.gov.my
http://www.townplan.gov.my