ABDUL RAHIM IBRAHIM
Director of Electrical Safety Regulations,
Energy Commission
Products Safety Risk Assessment
Energy Commission (ST)
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
ST functions on Electrical Safety
List of 31 Categories of Regulated goods
Product Safety Risk Assessment
Level of Risk among ASEAN Countries
Closure
ST FUNCTIONS ON ELECTRICAL SAFETY
 Protect any person from danger arising from the
generation, transmission, distribution, supply and
use of electricity
 Protect any person from danger arising from the
supply of gas through pipelines and the use of gas
supplied through pipelines.
Legal Famework
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Energy Commission Act 2001
Electricity Supply Act 1990
Gas Supply Act 1993
Electricity Regulation 1994
Licensee Supply Regulations 1990
Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulations 2008
Licences’ terms and conditions
Grid Code and Distribution Code
FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL
SAFETY REGULATIONS
Electrical safety regulation, focusing on:
 Safe working and operation of electrical installations;
 Safe use of electricity & electrical equipment;
 Safety of personnel;
 Competency of electrical engineers, supervisors and workers;
 Safety of electrical products.
5
PERMITS ISSUED BY THE DEPT. OF
ELECTRICAL SAFETY REGULATIONS
UNDER THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990

Certificate of Approval (COA) of electrical
appliances

Accreditation of institutions for the training of
competent persons

Certificate of Competency for electrical Competent
Persons
Mandatory Standards
Certificate of approval (COA) for electrical appliances
The objective for the issuance of the COA under the Regulation
97(1), Electricity Regulations 1994, is to ensure that the activity of
manufacturing, importing, displaying, selling or advertising of
electrical appliances or equipments meets the specified safety
requirements and efficient use of electricity. The appliances or
equipments refer to are as follows:
• any domestic equipment;
• any equipment which is usually sold direct to the general public; or
• any equipment which does not require special skills in its operation,
List of 31 Electrical Appliances Requiring COA &
Labelling
Equipment
Standard
1. Plug Top (Plug)
: MS IEC 60320-1
2. Switches & Dimmers
: IEC 60669
3. S/O 15A & below
: MS 589, MS IEC 60320, IEC 60998
4. Lampholders
: MS IEC 60400
5. Ceiling Roses
: MS 770
6. Bayonet Caps & Multiway Adaptor
: MS 769
7. F/L fitting exl tubes if imported
: MS IEC 60598
8. Capacitors for flourescent lamp
: MS IEC 61049
9. Ballasts for flourescent lamp
: MS 141
10. Circuit breaker:- elcb & mcb
: MS IEC 61008, MS IEC 60898
11. Instant Waterheater incl heater
elements if imported separately
: MS 472, IEC 60335-2-35
List of 31 Electrical Appliances Requiring COA &
Labelling
Kelengkapan
Standard
12. Hand Operated Hairdryer
: MS IEC 60335-2-23
13. Table lamps having metal parts
: MS IEC 60598
14. Electric kettle including heating
element if imported separately
15. Electric Smoothing Irons
: MS IEC 60335-1,
MS IEC 60335-2-9,13,15,36,101
: MS IEC 60335-1, MS IEC 60335-2-3
16. Electric shavers excluding
battery operated
17. Food mixer/blenders
: MS IEC 60335-1, MS IEC 60335-2-8
18. Immersion W/heater
: MS IEC 60335-1, MS IEC 60335-2-73
19. Hi Fi Set
: MS IEC 60065
20. Mosquito mat vaporisers
: MS IEC 60335-1
21. Toasters
:
: MS IEC 60335-1, MS IEC 60335-2-14
MS IEC 60335-1,
MS IEC 60335-2,6,9
List of 31 Electrical Appliances Requiring COA &
Labelling
Kelengkapan
Standard
22. Table Fan
: MS IEC 60335-2-23
23. Television
: MS IEC 60065
24. Vacuum Cleaner
: MS IEC 60335-2-2,
25. Video Player
: MS IEC 60065
26. Washing Machine
: MS IEC 60335-2-4,7,
27. Refrigerator
: MS IEC 60335-2-24
28. Rice Cooker
: MS IEC 60335-2-15
29. Christmas Light & Running Light
: MS IEC 60598-2-20
30. Domestic Power Tool
: MS IEC 60745-2-1,3,4,5,7,11,14,15,
17,28,45
31. Wires/Cables/Cords
(non-armoured)
0.5mm2-35mm2
: MS 136, 140
MS IEC 60227-1,5
MS IEC 60245-1,4
Products Safety Risk
Assessment
ASEAN EEE Risk Assessment Guidelines
• ASEAN EEE Risk Assessment Guidelines was develop by the Joint
Sectoral Committee of Asean Electrical & Electronics Equipment
Regulatory Regime (JSC EE) base on EU Formula.
• The objective is to determine the conformity assessment regime
applicable for EEE based on the level of risk of the product, and are
also designed to harmonize the identification of risk level of EEE
through a uniform method of evaluation of risk, regardless of the
application, utilization and situation of the product in Member States.
ASEAN EEE Risk Assessment Guidelines
(Continue)
• High risk products will be subjected to System 5 conformity
assessment while medium and low risk products will be subjected to
System 1 conformity assessment.
• For low risk products the conformity assessment procedure SDoC
based on ISO/IEC 17050-1 or any other procedure/scheme may be
used.
Terms and definitions
• Risk - undesirable situation or circumstance that has both likelihood
of occurring and a potentially negative consequence on a project.
Risk is the chance of something happening that will have an impact.
• Risk Assessment – is a means of analyzing the risk and
consequences of an undesirable event. This can include assessing
the relative impact of the available options on the risk level.
• Conformity Assessment – means a systematic examination to
determine the extent to which a product, process or service fulfills
specified requirements.
System 1
• System 1 – Product certification system that includes testing;
samples of the product are assessed for conformity. The sampling
may or may not be statistically significant of the entire population of
product. This certification system includes the following:
a) samples requested by the certification body;
b) determination of characteristics by testing or assessment;
c) evaluation of the test or assessment report;
d) decision;
e) attestation.
System 5
• System 5 – Product certification system that includes testing and
assessment of the quality system involved. Surveillance of the
quality system is conducted and samples of the product may be
taken from either the market or the point of production, or both, and
are assessed for ongoing conformity. This certification system
includes the following:
a) samples requested by the certification body;
b) determination of characteristics by testing or assessment;
c) initial assessment of the production process or the quality system,
as applicable;
System 5
d) evaluation of the test and assessment reports;
e) decision;
f) license;
g) surveillance of the production process or quality system or
both of the organization;
h) surveillance by testing or inspection of samples from the
factory or the open market, or both.
Market Surveillance
No
Products
Total Product to Total product to
be sampled be sampled Product Based
Risk Based
Total number of
samples to be
purchased Risk based
A
8
5
8
2
1
3
B
8
6
6
4
4
6
C
7
7
7
26
11
11
D= B*C
56
42
42
104
44
66
3
1
2
4
4
4
3
6
7
12
24
28
6
7
2
2
3
2
2
6
2
14
2
10
9
2
2
5
2
3
2
1
14
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
6
2
144
134
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plug tops
Switches and dimmers
Socket outlets 15A and below (with or without elcb/rcd)
Lampholders
Ceiling roses
Bayonet caps and multiway adapters
7
8
9
Fluorescent lamp fittings excluding tubes if imported separately
Capacitors for fluorescent lamps
Ballast for fluorescent lamp
Cicuit breaker including AC current operated earth leakage circuit breakers and
miniature circuit breakers
6
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Intantaneous water heaters including heater elements if imported separately
Hand operated hair dryer
Table lamps having accessible metal parts
Electric smoothing irons
Electric shavers (excluding battery operated)
Food mixers/blenders
Immersion water heater
Hi-Fi sets
Mosquito mat vapourisers
Toasters
Table fans
Televisions
Vacuum cleaners
Video players
Washing machines
Refrigerators
Rice cookers
Christmas light and running light
Domestic power tools
31
Wires/Cables/Cords (non-armoured) of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2 to 35 mm2
10
Qty required per
sampling
42
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
644
Geographical Coverage For Market Surveillance Activities
1. Klang Valley
Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Puchong, Subang, Shah Alam, Klang, Gombak, Cheras, Sungai Buloh
2. Northern Region
a) Rawang, Kuala Kubu Baru, Tanjung Malim, Slim River, Bidor, Tapah, Kampar, Gopeng, Ipoh.
b) Ipoh, Tanjung Rambutan, Sungai Siput, Kuala Kangsar
c) Kuala Kangsar, Lenggong, Grik, Baling, Kulim, Bandar Baru.
d) Taiping, Kemunting, Bagan Serai, Parit Buntar, Nibong Tebal, Bukit Mertajam, Butterworth, Pulau Pinang
e) Sungai Dua, Sungai Petani, Gurun, Yan, Alor Setar, Jitra, Changlun, Arau, Kangar,Langkawi, Padang Besar.
f) Sungai Besar, Sabak Bernam, Bagan Datok, Teluk Intan, Setiawan, Pantai Remis.
g) Alor Setar, Langgar, Gajah Mati, Pokok Sena, Kuala Nerang
3. Southern Region
a) Melaka, Muar, Batu Pahat, Benut, Pontian
b) Klang, Banting, Port Dickson, Melaka
c) Kluang, Mersing, Kota Tinggi, Bandar Penawar, Ulu Tiram
d) Pontian, Johor Bahru, Kulai, Ayer Itam, Yong Peng, Pasir Gudang, Gelang Patah
e) Seremban, Kuala Pilah, Bahau, Segamat, Tampin, Rembau
4. Central Region
a) Balakong, Serdang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Semenyih
b) Nilai, Sepang, Dengkil, Banting
c) Meru, Kapar, Kuala Selangor, Sekinchan,
5. East Coast
a) Karak, Bentong, Temerloh, Jerantut, Gambang, Kuantan
b) Bentong, Kuala Lipis, Gua Musang, Kuala Kerai, Machang, Kota Bharu
c) Kota Bharu, Tumpat, Pengkalan Kubor, Pasir Mas, Rantau Panjang, Cameron Highland, Tanah Merah, Jeli.
d) Kemaman, Kuala Dungun, Kerteh, Kuala Terengganu, Setiu, Besut, Pasir Puteh
e) Bahau, Muadzam Shah, Kuala Rompin, Pekan, Kuantan
f) Bentong, Raub, Benta, Jerantut, Jengka, Maran, Gambang, Kuantan
6. Sabah
a) Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Tawau, Labuan, Lahad Datu
7. Sarawak
a) Kuching, Bintulu
a) Miri, Limbang
APEC Benchmarking
(as of 23 February 2010 by Daniel Ng)
Pg 1/2
Economy
Australia
Brunei
Darussalam
Chile
China
Chinese Taipei
1
Total population in your
economy (millions)
21
0.35
16
1300
23
2
Number of registered or
approved electrical and
electronic (EE) products
(cumulative figure)
25 500
27
8
109
15,722 (as of
Jan 2009)
14,647 (as of
Dec 2008)
3
Number of spot checks
(post market
surveillance) carried out
annually
100 spot checks
1250 product
complaint
investigations
Not Available
80
>2000
15,415
4
Number of accidents
(resulting in
injury/death/damage to
private property) from EE
products per million
population
Deaths = 5
Injury = 150
Property Damage
= unquantifiable
No record
No record
Not Available
1.87 (from Jul
2008 – Dec
2008)
5
Number of staff
(including management
and frontline officers)
involved in regulating EE
products
40
8
16
300
340
6
Estimated annual budget
to regulate EE products
(US$)
3 million
Under
government
operational
budget for whole
department-no
breakdown for
regulatory
activities
0.75 million
1.7 million
12.4 million
Pg 2/2
Economy
Hong Kong, China
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Singapore
1
Total population in your
economy (millions)
7
127
49
4.2
4.5
2
Number of registered or
approved electrical and
electronic (EE) products
(cumulative figure)
No such
requirement under
the current
arrangement.
Not Available
30,000
20 issued in NZ
(Note: NZ accepts
Australian
Certifications
under an MRA)
40,000
3
Number of spot checks
(post market
surveillance) carried out
annually
In the range of
4000
Not Available
465
400
240
4
Number of accidents
(resulting in
injury/death/damage to
private property) from
EE products per million
population
2.8
1346
(EE, Gas Appliance,
Petroleum Appliance)
(2007 FY)
Not Available
Electrical shock =
0
Fire = 1.2
(4 of these from
equipment
operating properly
& 1 from arc by
overloading
equipment)
Electrical
shock = 0
Fire = 0
5
Number of staff
(including management
and frontline officers)
involved in regulating EE
products
15
2~3
13
2.5
9
6
Estimated annual budget
to regulate EE products
(US$)
1 million
Not Available
0.6 million
32,000
0.4 million
Testing conducted on 13A plug top
Testing conducted on 13A plug top
Testing conducted on Instantenous Water
Heater
RISK Calculation for Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (EEE)
The risk calculation to determine the level of risk for EEE can be
obtained using the formula:
R=CxPxN
where:
R = The level of Risk of the product
C = The consequence of non-compliance
P = The probability of non-compliance occurring
N = The likely population of the product in the marketplace
x = multiplication sign
The Consequence of Non-compliance (C)
Hazard is the intrinsic property of the product that may cause an
injury to the consumer who uses the product. It can appear in the
following forms:
a.
Electric
b.
Extreme temperature
c.
Fire
d.
Mechanical
e.
Others (radiation, toxicity, etc.)
The Consequence of Non-compliance (C) – Cont.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
For the purpose of these Guidelines, hazards were grouped
according to the following:
·
size, shape and surface
·
potential energy
·
kinetic energy
·
electrical energy
·
extreme temperature
·
radiation
·
fire and explosion
·
product operating hazards
·
toxicity
The Consequence of Non-compliance (C) – Cont.
• Inherent hazard of products are identified and from which a typical
injury scenario is chosen to derive the typical injury. The injury that a
hazard can cause can have different degrees of severity. The
severity of injury thus reflects the effects of the hazard which is
considered as the Consequence of Non-Compliance (C).
The Consequence of Non-compliance (C) – Cont.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To get the (C), the following steps are to be observed:
a. Describe the product,
b. Determine the product’s hazards
c. Describe the typical injury scenario
d. Identify the typical injury
e. Determine the severity of injury
f. Identify the severity score per hazard grouping/sub-grouping that
corresponds to the severity of injury as follows:
slight = 1; moderate = 2 ; serious = 3 ; very serious = 4; fatal/death = 5
For each hazard and injury, the severity scores are compared. The higher
the score shall be considered the more serious is the hazard. The
consequence of non-compliance (C) is the highest severity score among the
hazard grouping.
The Consequence of Non-compliance (C) – Cont.
Below is the sample illustration of determining the
Consequence of Non-Compliance (C).
Hazard Grouping
Product
Electric
Overheat
Fire
Mech
Product 1
2
2
4
*
*
4
Product 2
2
*
2
*
3
3
Product 3
1
*
4
1
*
4
Product 4
2
1
2
1
*
2
Product 5
5
*
2
*
*
5
* hazard is not inherent to the product.
Others
C
Probability of non-compliance occurring (P)
A number of probability factors “P ” have been identified that
contribute to the probability of noncompliance. Factors that improve
or reduce compliance have been initially identified. Using the
Probability of Non-compliance Table, evaluate a product by
assigning a value to each factor. A scale of 1 – 5 will be used, 1
being the lowest and 5 the highest probability of non-compliance.
The highest score among all of the factors P01 to P09 shall be the
value of the Probability of non-compliance occurring.
Probability of non-compliance occurring (P)
Probability of Non-Compliance occurring for a given product
P01
Product uses new technology or lacks a relevant international
Standard
P02
Product is not controlled in international markets, or market of
dominant supplier
Score 1 - 5
P03
Product considered safe in local market only, with significant
variations to applicable
Score 1 - 5
P04
Product not suitable for safe local use can be converted to local
supply conditions w/o
significant alterations
Score 1 - 5
P05
Product is controlled internationally using standards considered
inadequate for local
application
Score 1 - 5
P06
Product Standard has recently been updated to address a
significant safety issue
Score 1 - 5
P07
Dominant supplier's market does not use international Standard or
local standard
Score 1 - 5
P08
Compliance with the applicable Standard is complex or difficult
Score 1 - 5
P09
There are cost disincentives for compliance…
Score 1 - 5
Score 1 - 5
Population of Product in Marketplace (N)
Population “N” of product in market place refers to the quantity of
electrical and electronic equipment purchased and utilized within the
ASEAN member states.
• The value for population of product “N”, referring to is set as:
N= 1.00
for item normally used in most household
N= 0.75
for item commonly used in most households
N= 0.5
for item used in many households
N= 0.25
for item occasionally used in many households
N= 0.1
for item occasionally used in some households
Final computation for the value of
risk factor “ R “.
• To determine the risk factor of a product the equation:
R = C x P x N will be used.
Below is a table containing all the elements to determine the risk factor.
Product
C
P
N
Risk factor
(R )
Product 1
4
1.1
0.5
2.20
Product 2
3
2.5
0.1
0.75
Product 3
4
3.8
1.0
15.20
Product 4
2
4.2
1.0
8.40
Product 5
5
4.0
1.0
20.00
Identification of the Level Risk
The value of risk will be the basis to identify the risk level of the
product whether it is high, medium or low risk product.
Level of Risk
Risk Factor
High Risk
14.1 - 25.0
Medium Risk
5.1 -14.0
Low Risk
0.1 - 5.0
Identification of the Level Risk
From the Risk Factor (R) of each product obtained , level of risk will
then be identified by colour code, such as red, orange or green.
Product
Risk factor Low Risk
(R )
Product 1
2.20
Product 2
0.75
Product 3
15.20
Product 4
8.40
Product 5
20.00
Medium
Risk
High Risk
The conformity assessment regime to be applied on the product based on the
level of risk are as follows.
 HIGH Risk uses System 5 as described in ISO/ IEC Guide 67.
 MEDIUM Risk - uses System 1 as described in ISO/ IEC Guide 67.
 LOW Risk may use Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity (SDoC)
based on ISO/IEC 17050-1 or any other conformity
assessment procedure/scheme.
SAMPLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT
MALAYSIA-6th Ed-KL
-based on 5th proposal paper
RISK FACTOR
Flat irons
Christmas
lights/Lighting
chains
15.55
Television sets
19.45
Rice cookers
15.00
Electric fans
18.90
Washing Machines
Toasters, grills,
roasters & similar
appliances
17.20
Switches (AC)
12.20
Refrigerators
17.80
Microwave ovens
16.10
15.00
8.60
LOW
MED
HIGH
Different Level of Risk Among Some ASEAN Countries
Malaysia
Flat irons
Lighting chains
Television sets
Rice cookers
Electric fans
Washing
Machines
Toasters, grills,
Switches (AC)
Refrigerators
Microwave ovens
Philippin
Indonesia
es
Vietnam
Loas
S’pore
CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT
(2002 – 2011)
Cause of Accident
Percentage
(%)
Total cases
1
Failure to maintain installations
36.7
220
2
Non-compliance with safe working procedures
30.4
182
3
Trespassing of utility substation
10.4
62
4
Activities nearby transmission/distribution
lines
10.2
61
5
Unsafe wiring installation
3.2
19
6
Defects on electrical equipment/tools
2.3
14
7
Other causes
6.8
41
Total
100
599
Water
Heater
Electric Water Heater
RCD
(10mA)
Other
Electrical
Equipment
Earth Bar
Water
Heater
Neutral Bar
RCD (100 mA)
60A Main Switch
Double
Pole
Switch
The installation of RCD with leakage
current sensitivity of 10mA in a wet area is
a statutory requirement under Regulation
36 (2), Electricity Regulation 1994.
BATHROOM
RCD
(10mA)
Other
Electrical
Equipment
Earth Bar
Neutral Bar
RCD (100 mA)
60A Main Switch
Double
Pole
Switch
Storage
Water
Heater
The installation of RCD with leakage
current sensitivity of 10mA in a wet area is
a statutory requirement under Regulation
36 (2), Electricity Regulation 1994.
BATHROOM
Conclusion
• Electrical appliances as specified under Regulation 97,
Electricity Regulation 1994 are regulated goods.
• Base on the same regulations Energy Commission has
listed 31 categories of appliances that need Certificate of
Approval (CoA) for importation or manufacture.
• JSC EE, a work group under the Asean EE MRA has
developed a Risk Assessment Guidelines for EEE, which
will then be a basis for analysing risk of electrical
products.
THANK YOU