TICKET TO THE GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL CERTIFICATION
Rudolf Pommé
KEMA Quality B.V.
Ultrechtseweg 310
6802 ED Arnhem
The Netherlands
Mario Colpa
BACAB SA, member of the
BARTEC Group
Rue de l'Industrie 19
1450 Sainte-Croix
Switzerland
Abstract - This joint paper will outline the experiences of a
manufacturer and a certification body in their continuous
drive to improve the process of global certification. The
process can be well defined and control of the process will
result in cost savings by avoiding re-testing and faster timeto-market for Ex-equipment manufacturers.
New technologies along with globalization result in neverending changes in the petro-chemical industry. Equipment
meant for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (Exequipment) is no exception.
Certification is an important factor determining the speed
and success of those changes. But to date each of the major
marketplaces maintains their individual certification
requirements.
Where the ATEX Directive has led to a harmonized
certification scheme for the European Union, certification
schemes and standards committees such as IECEx and IEC
are a major step towards global certification. Unfortunately
global market access with a single Ex-certificate has yet to
be achieved.
Index Terms — Certification, Test Reports, Certification
Schemes, IEC, IECEx, National Differences, National
Regulations.
I.
INTRODUCTION
In many countries development of industry has led to
national safety regulations. Each of those countries have
selected methods of protection best suitable for their
situation taking into account the application, environment
and state of the art of technology.
However within the process of globalization it has become
clear that national safety regulations of those countries do
not only provide personal safety, but can also form trade
barriers. Trade barriers can have a heavy impact on time
planning and cost of construction of industrial installations.
National safety regulations can become trade barriers
when they are not based on the same principles and
standards as the safety regulations of other countries. A very
effective way of minimizing differences between safety
regulations is developing internationally recognized
standards and certification schemes. Two well known
organizations for international standardization are ISO and
IEC. Under the umbrella of IEC certification schemes such
as the IECEE CB Scheme or the IECEx scheme are
developed. In most countries these schemes are not
mandatory, but support of those schemes will eventually
lead to the elimination of trade barriers while providing the
necessary safety regulations.
While it is the ultimate goal of such organizations to
provide globally recognized standards and a globally
recognized certification scheme, today manufacturers still
Karel Neleman
BARTEC NL b.v.
Boelewerf 25
2987 VD Ridderkerk
The Netherlands
Frédérique Plumeré
BACAB SA, member of the
BARTEC Group
Rue de l'Industrie 19
1450 Sainte-Croix
Switzerland
have some more hurdles to take in order to be able to gain
global market access.
Based on the experiences of the authors of this paper, this
paper will describe processes for certification for Europe, the
United States of America and Canada. However certification
for other countries or combination of countries can be
handled in simultaneous ways.
II.
A.
NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESS TO
MARKET OF EX-EQUIPMENT
Europe
In Europe regulations were developed in order to enable
free trade between the individual European countries that in
the past used to have their own safety regulations. These
regulations are called the new approach. In the new
approach mandatory directives define essential health and
safety requirements, for miscellaneous applications and
equipment.
The party bringing equipment to the European Economic
Area (EEA), usually the manufacturer, is responsible for
meeting the requirements of all directives applicable to the
equipment. Therefore the manufacturer has to supply two
documents with the equipment, an instruction manual,
describing the safe installation, use and maintenance, and a
manufacturer’s declaration of conformity.
The requirements of the directives are rather generic. The
manufacturer’s declaration of conformity can be based on
standards in order to comply with the requirements of the
directives. It is up to the discretion of the manufacturer of the
equipment to decide which standards to apply for
assessment as long as it is ensured that all applicable
requirements of the directives are met.
For equipment meant for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres (Ex-equipment) the certification scheme is
defined in the ATEX Directive 94/9/EC, which is also called
ATEX 95 because it is based on Article 95 of the EC Treaty.
Compliance of the equipment with the ATEX 95 directive
can be achieved by complying with the essential health and
safety requirements of ANNEX II of that directive.
Compliance with the essential health and safety
requirements may be achieved by a checklist addressing all
applicable requirements or compliance with Harmonized
Standards. For the checklist all kinds of standards, even non
European standards may be applied. European standards
(EN-standards) are developed by the European Committee
for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC).
Depending on the application and type of equipment,
assessment and certification is either mandatory by a
Notified Body or can be done by the manufacturer. I.e. under
certain conditions self certification is authorized.
1
B.
United States of America
B.
In the United States of America the applications are
defined by the National Fire Protection Association in:
1) NFPA 497, Classification of Flammable Liquids,
Gases or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations
for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas.
2) NFPA 499, Recommended practice for the
classification of combustible dusts and of Hazardous
(Classified) Locations for Electrical Installation in Chemical
Process Areas.
Requirements for installation of equipment in Hazardous
(Classified) Locations are listed in Article 500 of the National
Electrical Code (NFPA 70).
The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)
has accredited Nationally Recognized Test Laboratories
(NRTL’s) for certification of equipment for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres as described above. OSHA may also
accredit Test Laboratories with head offices based outside
the US as NRTL’s.
NRTL’s use American National Standards accredited by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). They may
add additional requirements in order to issue test reports, list
the equipment or issue certificates. ANSI only facilitates the
co-ordination of standards, it does not develop standards.
For example IEEE, NEMA or NIST develop standards for the
US, but also the NRTL’s develop standards.
Test reports, listings or certificates issued by a Nationally
Recognized Test Laboratory are needed for access to the
US market in the appropriate applications. Self certification
is not possible.
C.
Canada
Requirements for installation of equipment in Hazardous
Locations are listed in Section 18 of the Canadian Electrical
Code (C22.1).
The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) has accredited
so-called Accredited Certification Bodies (ACB’s) for
certification of equipment for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres.
Also SCC may accredit Certification Bodies with head
offices based outside Canada as ACB’s.
In Canada some ACB’s are accredited to develop
standards by SCC. This may be done under the Canadian
National standards system.
Certificates or listings issued by an Accredited
Certification Body are needed for access to the Canadian
market in the appropriate applications. Self certification is
not possible.
The IECEx certification scheme provides the mechanics to
obtain a Certificate of Conformity (CoC) based on the
standards for explosive atmospheres issued by IEC TC31.
IECEx Certificates of Conformity are always accompanied
by IECEx Test Reports (ExTR’s). These ExTR’s are detailed
test reports providing sufficient evidence for compliance of
the equipment with the applicable standards.
Within the IECEx scheme Testing Laboratories (ExTL’s)
are qualified to issue IECEx Test Reports. Certification
Bodies (ExCB’s) are qualified to issue Certificates of
Conformity. The Commonality between Canada, the EEA
countries and the USA is that many Accredited Certification
Bodies, Notified Bodies and Nationally Recognized Test
Laboratories are nationally accredited as well as qualified as
IECEx Testing Laboratories and IECEx Certification Bodies.
The example of this paper describes projects in which
certification was applied for:
1.
2.
ATEX from certification body being an ATEX Notified
Body, IECEx ExTL and ExCB.
The US and Canadian from a certification body being
an ACB, NRTL, IECEx ExTL and ExCB.
IV. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IEC AND THE
NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF EUROPE, USA
AND CANADA
A.
National Differences
Countries which are IECEx member states, but have not
fully adopted the IEC standards are in a so-called transition
level. This is often caused by the existence of national
standards in those member states. These national standards
can not be made obsolete on short term. Usually differences
exist between the national standards and the IEC standards.
For each IECEx member state in transition level the
“National Differences” are listed in the IECEx Bulletin [1].
The differences listed in the bulletin regard differences in the
standards applicable for explosive atmospheres (hazardous
areas).
An equipment manufacturer can address the certification
of the national differences in several ways.
For example an equipment manufacturer seeking access
to the European, US and Canadian markets can work from
the basis of IECEx certification addressing all applicable
national differences for Europe, the US and Canada. There
are several options for this approach:
III. COMMONALITIES OF THE NATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS OF EUROPE, USA AND CANADA
A.
International certification scheme IECEx
1.
International standards IEC
The Technical Committee 31 (TC31) of the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) develops international
standards for explosive atmospheres (hazardous locations).
Within that technical committee stakeholders from around
the world work together and make sure that the international
standard covers as much safety requirements for explosive
atmospheres as possible. It is fair to say, that over the last
decades more and more countries participate in the IEC
work and that it is now truly globally supported.
Obviously the standards developed and issued by IEC
represent the best commonality between the national safety
regulations of the participating countries.
2.
2
Apply at an IECEx Certification Body (ExCB) and
Testing Laboratory for an IECEx Certificate of
Conformity accompanied by an IECEx Test Report
(ExTR) covering the requirements of the applicable
IEC standards and the national differences for
Europe, the US and Canada.
All testing work can be done by a single IECEx
Testing Laboratory.
The ExTR covering the national differences,
approved by the ExCB, can be sent to the national
certification bodies in order to apply for certificates,
listings or registrations providing access to the
national markets.
Apply at an IECEx Certification Body (ExCB) and
Testing Laboratory for an IECEx Certificate of
Conformity accompanied by an IECEx Test Report
(ExTR) covering the requirements of the applicable
IEC standards only.
Then apply at the national certification bodies and
testing laboratories for assessment of the applicable
national differences separately. In this case
miscellaneous testing laboratories can be involved in
the testing work.
Under the IECEx scheme for both options following
applies:
The national certification body usually has to be an IECEx
ExCB in order to accept the ExTR’s.
Both methods should result in avoiding re-testing if the
other national bodies are qualified by the IECEx scheme for
the applicable IEC standards. It should be noted that the
national bodies remain the right to review the ExTR’s.
A mix of both options is also possible. Due to time
constrains, national conditions (see IV B below) and other
issues (see V below) a mix of both options is often
beneficial.
per Certification body and testing laboratory are listed
on the IECEx WEB site.
The essence of the above mentioned qualifications is
applicable to any certification body and testing laboratory,
regardless if it is under the IECEx scheme or a national
certification scheme / regulation. Translating these
qualifications into requirements this basically means for
certification bodies and testing laboratories that they shall:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
National Conditions
Certificates, for explosive atmospheres alone do seldom
provide market access.
The national differences listed in the IECEx Bulletin do not
address requirements for the equipment outside of the
scope of the IEC standards for hazardous area issued by
TC31. For each country there may be additional
requirements.
The additional requirements may be dictated by national
regulations for Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC),
general electric safety like installation / wiring methods or
other environmental and safety regulations.
In most countries the equipment shall be assessed and
certified by the national certification bodies of the applicable
states where market access is sought.
All these requirements may have controversial effects on
the design of the equipment. In order to avoid re-designs of
the equipment it is beneficial for the manufacturer to have
the equipment assessed for all requirements in the earliest
design stage as possible. In case design changes are
necessary it is crucial that all parties involved in the testing
and assessment of the product are provided with the details
of those design changes.
Communication is a key factor for success. The amount of
parties involved in assessment and certification should be
limited and communication channels between certification
bodies and testing laboratories involved should be set-up
and maintained till the end of the certification process of the
equipment.
V.
A.
OTHER ISSUES AFFECTING GLOBAL
CERTIFICATION
Qualifications
laboratories
of
certification
bodies
and
testing
Certification bodies and testing laboratories must be
qualified for the assessments they are performing.
Under the IECEx scheme certification bodies and testing
laboratories have to be qualified for the following:
1.
2.
3.
6.
B.
Know the procedures for assessment testing and
certification.
Have personnel qualified to perform assessments
against the applicable standards.
Have personnel qualified to perform tests against the
applicable standards.
Have adequate test facilities / equipment to perform
the tests or have personnel qualified to witness tests
at the manufacturers laboratory.
Operate on basis of a quality system which has to
ensure:
- Impartiality of the body or laboratory.
- Discretion to the customer, regarding the
exchange of proprietary information necessary for
assessment and certification.
- Complete and accurate, thus reliable assessment.
- The correct level of confidence of the testing.
- Customers requests are translated into the correct
service.
Be able to communicate with the manufacturer. In
some cases manufacturers have to use
representatives if language barriers occur.
Accreditations of certification bodies and testing
laboratories
National certification bodies and testing laboratories
usually have to be accredited by an official body assigned by
the government of the applicable state.
The difference between accreditation and qualification
under the IECEx scheme is that different rules of procedure
and / or requirements may apply. Another difference is the
fact that the IECEx scheme is not mandatory in IECEx
member states in transition phase such as states in the
European Economic Area (EEA), the US and Canada. In
these states national accreditation is mandatory.
C.
Qualifications of the manufacturer
It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to make sure
that the equipment, he puts on the market, complies with the
requirements of those markets.
Assessment of the equipment by testing laboratory is
basically a verification of compliance with a defined set of
requirements of the applicable standards.
Certification of the equipment by a certification body is
basically giving evidence of compliance with the
requirements of the applicable standards mentioned in the
certificate.
The manufacturer needs to know for example:
1.
IECEx Rules of Procedure.
ISO/IEC 17025 [2] General requirements for the
competence of calibration and testing laboratories.
For each IEC standard, against which the equipment
needs to be assessed, individually. The qualifications
2.
3.
3
Area classification of the explosive atmosphere for
which the equipment is to be designed.
The type of protection applied in order to comply with
the requirements of the applicable explosive
atmosphere.
The standards applicable to his equipment in relation
to the types of protection applied.
4.
5.
6.
The requirements mentioned in the applicable
standards.
The ratings of the equipment.
The national conditions of the markets.
In order to gain this knowledge the manufacturer can carry
out market studies, attend trainings, study the requirements
in regulations and standards them self and / or seek the help
of consultancy companies.
With most type certification, assessment of the production
facilities of the manufacturer is necessary. The assessment
comprises of periodical audits, inspections by certification
bodies. Upon positive result of the assessment notifications,
or certificates may be issued to the manufacturer and /or the
manufacturer will be listed by the certification body.
D.
Relation between the manufacturer and certification
bodies / testing laboratories
Certification bodies can only work on basis of the
information provided by the manufacturer. Often proprietary
information has to be exchanged. This means that the
relation between manufacturer and certification body /
testing laboratories can only be based on trust.
The manufacturer shall be able to provide a full set of
information clear definition of the scope with his inquiry to
the certification body / testing laboratory.
Furthermore a clear level of communication must be
established. The manufacturer needs to know the
information and samples the certification body / testing
laboratory needs. The standards are a guideline for the
manufacturer to provide the information in a technical
construction file. However certification bodies and testing
laboratories may provide guidance in order to assure that
complete assessment and testing is possible.
The better the manufacturer knows the requirements the
better he will be able to provide the appropriate information
and samples for assessment and / or testing.
Communication about missing information or samples and
the resulting reactions are generally very time consuming
and have an impact on project planning and costs.
Certification bodies and testing laboratories however
should inform the manufacturer about any missing
information, non-conformities or any other issues having an
effect on the project plan or cost.
E.
laboratories will provide information about acceptance of
assessment reports or test results.
Sometimes these relations have to be established per
certification project.
Project managers of the selected certification bodies /
testing laboratories and the manufacturer should
communicate with each other and establish a project plan in
which every body’s activities are defined.
VI. EXPERIENCES OF AN EUROPEAN
MANUFACTURER IN GAINING MARKET ACCESS
FOR EUROPE, USA AND CANADA
Below find a case which is described by a manufacturer
who applied for certification which provides market access to
Europe, Canada, the United States and preferably other
markets.
A.
Description of case
This example shows the case of a self limiting heating
cable manufacturer and its holding.
Fig. 1 Self limiting heating cables
The holding designs, manufactures and supplies heat
tracing components and complete systems for industrial
applications including areas where hazardous substances
such as flammable gas / vapours and combustible dusts
might de present. Their product line includes connection
systems, control systems, installation accessories and the
trace heating cables.
Relationships between certification bodies / testing
laboratories
In case certification for multiple markets is sought, the
goal is to avoid as much re-assessment and re-testing as
possible. It is than essential that the certification bodies and
testing laboratories accept test / assessment reports from
each other. The relations between certification bodies /
testing laboratories under the IECEx scheme are well
defined.
The IECEx rules do not apply in case an IECEx
Certification Body / Testing Laboratory is not qualified for a
particular standard or national conditions are to be
assessed. In this case the relations between certification
bodies have to be based on trust as well. Some certification
bodies / testing laboratories have contracts or agreements
with each other about acceptance of test results and
qualification of each others laboratory or personnel.
Manufacturers may benefit from this by selecting certification
bodies / testing laboratories which have such contracts or
agreements established. Certification bodies and testing
Fig. 2 Accessories for trace heating cables
The holding and the manufacturer initially applied for
updated certification for the European Economic Area, and
new certificates for the US and Canada. For Europe they
chose a notified / certification body which had already
certified their equipment for the ATEX. For the US and
Canada a certification body in Canada was selected. This
certification body is accredited to issue certificates for both
Canada and the US. Both certification bodies are members
of the IECEx scheme, have their own testing laboratories
and on top of that they have agreements amongst each
other for acceptance of assessment reports and test results.
4
B.
ATEX
All components and systems did already meet the
requirements of various test agencies.
The equipment intended for use in Ex-applications have
been certified for many years in accordance with the ATEX
directive 94/9/EC for use in surface installations with
explosive atmospheres where combustible dust or
flammable gas / vapour are likely to occur. In ATEX terms
Group II, Category 2 G/D (see the Ex standard guide in the
appendix). For that purpose the majority of the equipment
was assessed, tested and certified according to EN 50014
and EN 50019.
Later, due to harmonization between IEC and the
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
(CENELEC), the applicable standards for the trace heating
were modified and changed. Under ATEX this meant that
the state of the art of technology changed. For full
compliance with the ATEX directive re-assessment and recertification of the complete product range was necessary.
The new standards against which the trace heating had to
be assessed were: EN-IEC 60079-0, EN-IEC 62086-1, ENIEC 61241-0 and EN-IEC 61241-1.
C.
IECEx
ATEX is about removing trade barriers within the
European Economic Area but is not helping European
manufacturers to export to the rest of the world. To facilitate
the expansion of its business into new markets outside
Europe, the manufacturer of the heating cable decided to
combine the IECEx certification with the ATEX certification.
Indeed the global acceptance of IECEx equipment test and
assessment reports will facilitate the manufacturer’s future
Ex-certification in countries where regulations still require the
issuing of national Ex-certificates or approvals.
Due to the fact that under VI. B. mentioned EN-IEC
standards were used for ATEX certification; the IEC
requirements including the national differences for Europe
were already assessed. For IECEx certification an IECEx
Test Report (ExTR) based on the results of the assessment
and testing had to be compiled. Compared to the total work
load for testing and assessment this meant a little more
work.
For the manufacturer of the heating cable this was the first
IEC Certificate of Conformity to be issued. Therefore their
production facility had to be audited and an IECEx Quality
Assessment Report (QAR) established. Around that time
their manufacturing facility was due for a periodic ATEX
audit. Because of the similar requirements for ATEX and
IECEx production facility assessments, the QAR and ATEX
Quality Assessment Notification were issued by the
European notified / certification body based on the same
audit. This was saving costs for separate audits.
Based on the IECEx Quality Assessment Report (QAR)
and Test Report (ExTR) the IECEx Certificate of Conformity
on the trace heating cables was issued.
D.
Market access for North America
Even if the trace heating does meet the requirements
specified in the European directives and the IECEx scheme,
for the manufacturer to be able to sell their products in North
America, the equipment has to meet the individual national
certification requirements. The equipment has to be certified,
in this case by a certification body accredited to issue
certificates for Canada and the US. For certification the
equipment was assessed against C22.2 No. 130, [3] and
IEEE Std 515 [4] “Requirements for Electrical Resistance
Heating Cables and Heating Device Sets”. These two
standards are similar to each other. Furthermore the
equipment was assessed against other standards and
requirements for compliance with the Canadian Electric
Code (CEC) and the US National Electric Code (NEC).
The main difference between the European and North
American certification is that in the US and Canada, it is not
possible to certify a component alone. The complete heat
tracing system including accessories has to be assessed
and certified. Not only against Ex requirements but also
generic electric safety requirements. This assessment called
for good communication and cooperation between the
heating cable manufacturer and its holding, the accessories
manufacturer.
Although the USA and Canada are members of the IECEx
scheme, their national standards differ from the IEC
standards. Because of the large numbers of national
differences between the IEC standards and C22.2 No. 130 /
IEEE Std 515 the Canadian certification body did decide not
to qualify within the IECEx scheme for the tracing standards
yet. However the agreements between the European
certification body and Canadian certification body made it
possible to change the initial project plan for European
certification in order to facilitate also US and Canadian
certification.
E.
Project management
For trace heating a large amount of specific testing
requirements are applicable. The manufacturer, the
European and Canadian certification body agreed on a
mutual test plan. Almost the complete product range of the
heating cable manufacturer was to be certified in a single
project. The amount of tests was extensive. Therefore the
effort to set up such agreements and test plans paid off.
The test plan for ATEX and IECEx now did address all
those national differences for the US and Canada which had
an effect on testing against the EN-IEC standards. This fact,
combined with the agreements made for this project caused
the Canadian certification body to accept the IECEx Test
Report (ExTR), addressing applicable national differences,
issued by the European certification body. Visa versa the
European certification body accepted test reports of the
Canadian certification body for tests carried out in their
testing laboratory.
This practice allowed the amount of testing to be reduced
significantly. Tests, only specific to American standards,
were done at the Canadian testing laboratory or at the
manufacturer witnessed by either the Canadian testing
laboratory or the European testing laboratory. Tests specific
to IECEx, and ATEX were carried out at the Canadian or
European testing laboratory or at the manufacturers testing
laboratory under witness. The location was depending on
the availability of the necessary test equipment and other
resources. This arrangement resulted in a significant cost
reduction for the heating cable manufacturer.
For this plan to be successful, good planning and good
communication between the manufacturers, Canadian and
European certification body was essential.
The samples provided by the manufacturer were, to some
extend, accessories which were already approved for the US
and Canada. This way the scope for assessment against the
national conditions was limited. Due to the extensive number
of national differences using IECEx certified accessories in
this project did not matter. This situation can only improve
when the US and Canadian standards are becoming more
harmonized with the IEC standards.
5
CSA
Because of the complexity of the project it took longer
than anticipated. Forcing good cooperation between two
manufacturers of Ex-equipment and two approval agencies
was a good exercise. This was only possible by maintaining
good contact and having frequent meetings to review the
results and re-define the objectives and priorities where
necessary.
EC
EEA
EMC
EU
ExCB
ExCoC
ExTL
ExTR
FM
IEC
IECEE
VII. CONCLUSIONS
The IECEx scheme is a serious solution for global
certification. It provides a structured system to achieve
global acceptance for equipment intended for use in
explosive atmospheres. The goal is to protect users against
equipment which does not comply with the required level of
safety.
The petro-chemical industry will benefit from this as
eventually the same equipment can be applied, no matter
where a plant is located. This enables the industry to set up
and maintain global safety and maintenance programs.
The IECEx scheme members declare that they will
remove any national differences for product requirements in
their countries during the coming years. IEC TC31 Technical
Committee’s working group members are working close
together with national standards working groups in order to
reduce and eventually eliminate the national differences.
An example of which is the latest IEEE515 working group
meeting, to which participants of the IEC 60079-30-1
working group were invited in order to harmonize those
standards. Both standards contain assessment and testing
requirements for trace heating, intended for use in Zone 1
explosive atmospheres. IEEE515 for the US and IEC 6007930-1 under the IECEx scheme.
As there is still quite a list of national differences, there are
some hurdles to take.
For global certification these hurdles can be overcome by
smart project planning and management with regards to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
IECEx
ISO
NEC
NFPA
NRTL
OSHA
QAR
QAN
SCC
TC31
UL
US(A)
Canadian Standards Association, NRTL,
USA.
European Community.
European Economic Area.
Electro Magnetic Compatibility.
European Union.
IECEx Certification Body.
IECEx Certificate of Conformity.
IECEx Testing Laboratory.
IECEx Test Report.
Factory Mutual, NRTL, USA.
International Electrotechnical Commission.
Worldwide System for Conformity Testing and
Certification of Electrotechnical Equipment
and Components.
International Electrotechnical Commission
Scheme for Certification to Standards
Relating to Equipment for use in Explosive
Atmospheres (IECEx Scheme).
International Organization for Standardization.
National Electric Code, NFPA 70, USA.
National Fire Protection Association, USA.
Nationally Recognised Test Laboratory, USA.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration, USA.
IECEx Quality Assessment Report.
ATEX Quality Assessment Notification.
The Standards Council of Canada.
IEC Technical Committee: Equipment for
explosive atmospheres.
Underwriters Laboratory, NRTL, USA.
United States of America.
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Special thanks to:
1. Mr. Marco Rog from ENRAF Honeywell for his
constructive input and comments.
2. Mr. Todd Hamden from CSA International for his
active and constructive participation in the
certification work.
3. The standards committees members who help make
the standardization work possible and strive for
harmonization of national and international standards.
Knowing the requirements of the market places
where the equipment to be sold.
Setting up a technical construction file containing all
relevant specifications and documentation.
Selecting the right partners for certification.
Maintaining sufficient communication between all
parties involved.
X.
REFERENCES
VIII. NOMENCLATURE
ACB
Accredited Certification Body, Canada.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
API COPM American Petroleum Institute, Committee Of
Petroleum Measurement
ATEX
French: "ATmosphere EXplosible"
European Directive, 94/9/EC, obligatory
certification scheme for Equipment intended
for use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres
(ATEX).
CEC
Canadian Electrical Code, C22.1, CSA.
CENELEC French: "Comité Européen de Normalisation
ELECtrotechnique”,
English: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
CB
IECEE CB Scheme, international system for
mutual acceptance of test reports and
certificates dealing with the safety of electrical
and electronic components, equipment and
products.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6}
6
IECEx WEB-site: www.iecex.com.
NFPA 70, 1996 National Electrical Code, Quincy, MA:
NFPA.
C22.2 No. 130, Requirements for Electrical Resistance
Heating Cables and Heating Device Sets.
IEEE Std 515, IEEE standard for the Testing, Design,
Istallation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance
Heat Tracing for Industrial Applications.
C. Agius, “IECEx A Global Solution for the Ex
Industry”, in PCIC Europe 2006 conference record,
AM-35.
B. Johnson, P. House, R. Mulder, T. Pijpker, R.
Pommé, “The relationship in product standardization,
third party product testing and IECEx certification”, in
PCIC Europe 2006 conference record, AM-39.
XI. VITA
Rudolf Pommé, Project Manager Explosion Safety with an
IECEx Certification Body, IECEx Testing Laboratory and
ATEX Notified Body in The Netherlands, thirteen years of
experience in application engineering, production, product
development and certification of equipment for use in
potentially explosive atmospheres in the Petrochemical
Industry. He graduated from the Institute of Technology with
a Bachelor of Engineering in Applied Science, Industrial
Engineering and Management Science. He is a member of
NEC31, IEC MT 60079-30 and WG IEEE515. He was coauthor of a previous paper called “The relationships in
product standardization, third party product testing and
IECEx certification”
Mario Colpa is Managing Director of a manufacturer of self
limiting heating systems located in Switzerland.
He has been active in various management positions in
manufacturing, marketing and sales following a 7 year’s
period as engineering officer in the Royal Dutch Navy. He
graduated in 1995 from the University of Technology in Delft
with a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering,
followed by an MBA at the Edinburgh Business School.
Ing. Karel Neleman (B Eng) graduated as Bachelor of
electrical- and electronic
engineering (information
technology) at the University of Professional Education
Rotterdam in 1989. Since 1990 he is working for the Dutch
division of a German holding where he started as sales
engineer for explosion proof electrical equipment. He started
an international successful control panel and switchgear
building division with an ATEX Production Quality
Assessment Notification within BARTEC. He is a member of
the Dutch standardization committee NEC 31 international
SC MT 60079-14 and is ATEX authorized contact.
Frédérique Plumeré, for the past three years has been the
R&D Manager at a manufacturer of self-limiting heating
cable in Sainte Croix Switzerland. She is primarily involved in
product development, product improvement and product
certification by the various worldwide approval agencies.
She graduated from the University of Dijon (France) with a
Bachelor of Science Degree in Material Sciences.
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APPENDIX, EX STANDARD GUIDE FOR EU, US AND CSA MARKET ACCESS, PAGE 1 OF 2.
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APPENDIX, EX STANDARD GUIDE FOR EU, US AND CSA MARKET ACCESS, PAGE 2 OF 2.
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