ECEN4827/5827
Announcem ents
• Homework 1 is posted on the course website
• Due (for all students) Friday Sept. 2
• Handout slides are posted on the website before lectures for easier note
taking
• Typically posted the day before lecture
• Complete annotated slides will be posted after lectures
• Link to lecture recordings and course blog invitation sent out to students
• Off-campus students:
• Send an email to daniel.costinett@colorado.edu from your preferred
email address; otherwise I will use your colorado.edu email
• Use 5827 in the subject line for e-mail questions
• How to succeed in this course:
• Set a fixed schedule: ~10 hours per week
• Stay ahead of lectures: read course notes and text references
• Attend and participate in lectures
• Complete your own assignments
1
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN
TWO-SEMESTER COURSE SEQUENCE
Fall 2010: ECEN 4827/5827
ANALOG IC DESIGN
Spring 2011: ECEN 4837/5837
MIXED-SIGNAL IC DESIGN LAB
This course presents a practical
approach to transistor-level design of
analog integrated circuits. Topics include
• Real op-amp characteristics,
limitations and impact on design
This lab introduces full custom integrated
circuit design for real-world applications
where analog and digital signal
processing meet. Topics include:
• Transistor-level analysis and design
of CMOS amplifiers
• Design of analog-to-digital and
digital-to-analog data converters
• Full custom IC design and layout
• Current and voltage reference
circuits
• Final project: group based project
targeting a real-world application
• Frequency response, stability and
design-oriented feedback analysis
• Opportunity for fabrication and
testing of final project IC!
• IC application examples
Micro-photograph
of a 2mm x 2mm
custom IC design
in a 0.35u CMOS
process
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
2
ECEN4827/5827
Design Tools From Analog IC Design
Thurein Paing; Falkenstein, E.A.; Zane, R.; Popovic, Z.; , "Custom IC for Ultralow Power RF Energy Scavenging," Power Electronics,
IEEE Transactions on , vol.26, no.6, pp.1620-1626, June 2011
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
3
Im plem entation in Mixed IC Design
Thurein Paing; Falkenstein, E.A.; Zane, R.; Popovic, Z.; , "Custom IC for Ultralow Power RF Energy Scavenging," Power Electronics,
IEEE Transactions on , vol.26, no.6, pp.1620-1626, June 2011
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
4
ECEN4827/5827
ECEN 4827/ 5827 outline
1. Real op-amp characteristics and limitations, impact on application circuits
• Open-loop gain, input and output impedance, output voltage swing
• Introduction to feedback
• Voltage offset and drift, input bias current and offset
• Introduction to component tolerances and temperature drift
• Input common-mode voltage range, CMRR, PSRR
2. Transistor-level analysis and design of a two-stage CMOS op-amp
• CMOS process technology, 0.35u CMOS process example
• Basic principles of analog IC design via examples: matching, process and temperature
variations
• DC biasing
• Small-signal modeling and design of gain stages
3. Current and voltage references
• Current mirrors, design of current sources
• Temperature drift and supply voltage sensitivity
• Bandgap references
4. Frequency responses of gain stages
• Device high-frequency models and parasitic capacitances
• Design-oriented analysis techniques: zero-value time constant (ZVTC) method, and N-extra
element theorem (NEET) method
5. Frequency response, stability and design-oriented analysis of negative feedback circuits
• Loop gain, phase margin and compensation
6. IC application examples
• Design of linear voltage regulators
• Design of pulse-width modulation controllers for switched-mode power converters
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
5
Op-am p characteristics
_
+
Ideal op-amp:
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
6
ECEN4827/5827
Real op -am p characteristics
Op-amp data sheets:
10’s of pages
Objectives:
• Understand
impact of
various op-amp
imperfections in
applications
• Motivate followup study of
transistor-level
design
techniques
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
7
(1) DC and low -frequ ency small-signal characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Open-loop low-frequency voltage gain Ao = vo/(v(+) - v(-))
Output resistance, rout
Input resistance, rin
Supply voltages VDD, -VSS (or VCC, -VEE); supply currents IDD, ISS (or ICC, IEE)
Output saturation limits, VOmin, VOmax
Output voltage swing VOmin < VO < VOmax
Maximum output (source or sink) current
Input offset voltage, VOS; temperature drift of the input offset voltage VOS/ T [mV/oC]
Input bias current, IB = (IB+ + IB-)/2; temperature drift IB/ T
Input offset current, IOS = IB+ - IB-; temperature drift IOS/ T
Common-mode rejection ratio CMRR
Power-supply rejection ratio PSRR
Input common-mode voltage range, VCMmin < VCM < VCMmax
Common-mode input: VCM = (v(+) - v(-))/2
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
8
ECEN4827/5827
(2) Sm all-signal and large-signal d ynam ic characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Open-loop transfer function AOL(s)
Gain-bandwidth product GBW, or unity-gain bandwidth
Input and output impedances, Zin(s), Zout(s)
Slew-rate SR
Frequency-dependent common-mode rejection ratio CMRR(f)
Frequency-dependent power-supply rejection ratio PSRR(f)
Input noise
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
9
Ap p lication examp le 1: inverting amp lifier
R2
VDD
R1
_
vO
+
vI
+
–
VSS
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
10
ECEN4827/5827
Mod el w ith finite open -loop gain A o
+
+
– Ao(v(+) v( ))
11
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
Mod el w ith finite open -loop gain A o
R2
R2
VDD
R1
vO
+
vI
+
–
R1
_
+
–
+
– A (v(+) v( ))
o
vi
VSS
vo
+
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
12
ECEN4827/5827
R2
Find closed-loop gain
ACL = vo/vi
+
–
R1
+
– A (v(+) v( ))
o
vi
vo
+
13
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
Loop gain T
R2
R1
+
–
+
– A (v(+) v( ))
o
vi
vo
+
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
14
ECEN4827/5827
Mod el w ith finite op en -loop gain A o, rin and rou t
+
rout
+
– Ao(v(+) v( ))
rin
15
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
Mod el w ith finite op en -loop gain A o, rin and rou t
+
rout
rin
+
– Ao(v(+) v( ))
R2
R1
rout
+
–
rin
vi
+
– A (v(+) v( ))
o
vo
+
ACL
ACL
T
ideal
1 T
T
Ao
rout
rout
rin
1
R2 R1 || rin rin R1 1 T
R1 || rin
R1 || rin R2 rout
ECEN4827/5827 Analog IC Design
16