References Adler, P. S. (1990). Shared learning. Management Science, 36, 938–957. Aiken, L. S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Alderfer, C. P. (1987). An intergroup perspective on organizational behavior. In J. W. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp.190–222). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 414-435. Allen, V. L., & Levine, J. M. (1971). Social support and conformity: The role of independent assessment of reality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7(1), 48–58. Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1984). Testing the "side-bet theory" of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372-378. Allen, N.J., Stanley, D.J., Williams H.M., Ross, S.J. (2007). Assessing the impact of nonresponse on work group diversity effects. Organizational Research Methods,10, 262-286. Allen, N.J. & Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18. Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison Wesley. Amabile, T. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B. Staw & L. Cummings (Eds), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 10, pp. 123-167). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for the top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 123– 148. Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, (1992). Bringing the boundary: External activity and performance in organizational teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 634–665. Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28, 787–810. Argote, L., Gruenfeld, D., & Naquin, C. (2001). Group learning in organizations. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Advances in theory and research (pp. 369–411). New York: Erlbaum. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. (1978) Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. Asch, S. E. (1952). Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70 (9) (No. 416). Azzi, A. E. (1993). Implicit and category-based allocations of decision-making power in majority-minority relations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 203–228. Baer, M. & Frese, M. (2003). Innovation is not enough: climates for initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 45-68. Baker, T.L. 1994. Doing social research (2nd ed). Singapore: McGraw-Hill. 139 Bales, R.F. (1958). Task roles and social roles in problem solving groups. In E.E. Macoby, T.M., Newcomb, & E.C. Hartley (Eds.), Social Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 437-447). Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Barkema, H.G. & Shvyrkov, O. (2007). Does top management team diversity promote or hamper foreign expansion? Strategic Management Journal, 28, 663-680 Barnard, C. I. (1938). The functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. Barry, B., & Stewart, G.L. (1997). Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: The role of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 62–78 Baumeister, R.F. & Leary, M.R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. Beehr, T. A. (1986). Social support, autonomy, and hierarchical level as moderators of the role characteristics– outcome relationship. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 7, 207–214. Bettencourt, B.A., Dill, K.E., Greathouse, S.A., Charlton, K, & Mulholland, A. (1997). Evaluations of ingroup and outgroup members: The role of category-based expectancy violation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 244-275. Bezrukova, K. Jehn, K.A., Zanutto, E.L. and Thather, S.M.B. (2009). Do workgroup faultlines help or hurt? A moderated model of faultlines, team identification, and group performance. Organization Science, 20, 35-50. Bezrukova, K., Thatcher, S. M. B., & Jehn, K. A. (2007). Group heterogeneity and faultlines: Comparing alignment and dispersion theories of group composition. In K. J. Behfar & L.L. Thompson (Eds.), Conflict in organizational groups: New directions in theory and practice (pp. 57-92). Evanston, IL: The Northwestern University Press. Blau, P. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity. New York: Free Press. Bliese, P. D. (2000). Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. In K. J. Klein & S. W. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations (pp. 349-381). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Borgatta, E.F. & Bales, R.F. (1953). Task and accumulation of experience as factors in the interaction of small groups. Sociometry, 16(3), 239-252. Bragg, B. W., & Allen, V. (1972). The role of the public and private support in reducing conformity. Psychonomic Science, 29(2), 81–82. Brewer, M.B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475-482. Brewer, M. B. (1996). When contact is not enough: Social identity and intergroup cooperation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 291-303. Brewer, M. B. (2000). Reducing prejudice through cross-categorization: Effects of multiple social identities. In: Oskamp, S. (Ed.) Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 165-183). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum. 140 Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 554–594). New York: McGraw-Hill Brodbeck, F. C., Kerschreiter, R., Mojzisch, A., Frey, D., & Schulz-Hardt, S. (2002). The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision-making groups: the effects of pre-discussion dissent. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 35–56. Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 358–368. Brown, R. J., & Turner, J. C. (1979). The criss-cross categorization effect in intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 371–383. Brown, R. S., Williams, C. W., & Leeshaley, P. R. (1994). The effects of hindsight bias and causal attribution on human response to environmental events. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 661–674. Bunderson, J.S. & Sutcliffe, K.M. (2003). Management team learning orientation and business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 552-560. Bums, J. M. (1978), Leadership, New York: Harper & Row. Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. Academic Press: New York. Cannon, M. D., & Edmondson, A. C. (2001). Confronting failure: Antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 161–177. Cannon-Bowers, J.A., Oser, R. & Flanagan, D.L. (1992). Work teams in industry: A selected review and proposed frame. In R.W. Swezey & E. Salas (Eds.), Teams: Their training and performance (pp. 355-377). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Carmeli, A. (2007). Social capital, psychological safety and learning behaviors from failure in organizations. Long Range Planning, 40, 30-44. Cattel, R. B. & Vogelmann, S. (1977). A comprehensive trial of the scree and KG Criteria for determining the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12, 289-325. Chemers, M. M. (1997). An integrative theory of leadership. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Chiaburu, D.S. & Harrison, D.A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1082–1103. Christensen, C., Larson, J. R., Jr., Abbott, A., Ardolino, A., Franz, T., & Pfeiffer, C. (2000). Decision-making of clinical teams: Communication patterns and diagnostic error. Medical Decision Making, 20, 45–50. Cicchetti, D. V., & Sparrow, S. S. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing the interrater reliability of specific items in a given inventory: Applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 127–137. Cramton, C.D. & Hinds, P.J. (2005). Subgroups dynamics in internationally distributed teams: Ethnocentrism or cross-national learning? Research in Organizational Behavior, 26, 231-263. Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W. & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24, 522–37. Crott, H. W., & Werner, J. (1994). The norm-information-distance model: A stochastic approach to preference change in group interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 68–95 141 Cox, T., Lobel, S., & McLeod, (1991). Effects of ethnic group cultural differences on cooperative and competitive behavior on a group task. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 827–847. Cunningham, G.B. (2007). Perceptions as reality: The influence of actual and perceived demographic dissimilarity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(1), 79-89. Darr, E. D., Argote, L., & Epple, D. (1995). The acquisition, transfer, and depreciation of knowledge in service organizations: Productivity in franchises. Management Science, 41, 1750–1762. De Dreu, C. K. W. (2006). When too little or too much hurts: Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between task conflict and innovation in teams. Journal of Management, 32 (1), 83-107 De Dreu, C. K. W., Harinck, S., & van Vianen, A. E. M. (1999). Conflict and performance in groups and organizations. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology, (vol. 14, pp. 369–414). Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley. De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 741–749. De Dreu, C. K. W., & West, M. (2001). Minority dissent and team innovation: The importance of participation in decision making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1191–1201. Den Hartog, D.N., Van Muijen, J.J. & Koopman, P.L. (1997). Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 19-34. Denzin, N. (1978) Sociological methods: A sourcebook, 2nd ed.. NY: McGraw Hill. Dillman, D.A. (1991). The design and administration of mail surveys. Annual Review of Sociology, 17, 225-249. Dougherty, D. (1992). Interpretive barriers to successful product innovation in large firms. OrganizationScience, 3, 179-202. Drach-Zahavy, A., & Somech, A. (2001). Understanding team innovation: The role of team processes and structures. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 5(2), 111–123. Dutton, J. E. (1993). The making of organizational opportunities: An interpretive pathway to organizational change. In L. L. Cummings, & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 195–226). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating hybrid team cultures: An empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of Management Journal, 43(1), 26–49. Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 5–28. Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350–383. Edmondson, A. C. (2002). The local and variegated nature of learning in organizations: A group-level perspective. Organization Science, 13, 128–146. Edmondson, A.C., Bohmer, R.M. & Pisano, G.P. (2001). Disrupted routines: Team learning and new technology implementation in hospitals. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 685-716. Edmondson, A. C., Winslow, A. B., Bohmer, R. M., & Pisano, G. P. (2003). Learning how and learning what: Effects of tacit and codified knowledge on performance improvement following technology adoption. Decision Sciences, 34(2), 197–223. Ellemers, N., Haslam, S. A., Platow, M. J., & van Knippenber, D. (2003). Social identity at work: Developments, 142 debates, directions. In S. A. Haslam, D. van Knippenberg, M. J. Platow, & N. Ellemers (eds.), Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice (pp. 1-26). New York: Psychology Press. Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (2002). Self and social identity. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 161-186. Ellis, A.P.J. (2006). System breakdown: The role of mental models and transactive memory in the relationship between acute stress and team performance. Academy of Management Journal 49, 576-589 Ellis, A.P.J., Hollenbeck, J.R., Ilgen, D.R., Porter, C.O.L.H., West, B.J. & Moon, H. (2003). Team learning: Collectively connecting the dots. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 821-835. Ely, R.J. & Thomas, D.A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 229-273. Frese, M. (1991). Error management or error prevention: Two strategies to deal with errors in software design. In H.-J. Bullinger (Ed.), Human aspects in computing: Design and use of interactive systems and work with terminals (pp. 776–782). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Frese, M. (1995). Error management in training: Conceptual and empirical results. In C. Zucchermaglio, S. Bagnara, & S. Stucky (Eds.), Organizational learning and technological change (pp. 112–124). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. Friedman, R.A. & Podolny, J. (1992). Differentiation of boundary spanning roles: Labor negotiations and implications for role-conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 28-47 Frone, M.R., Yardley, J.K. & Markel, K.S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167. Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Nier, J. A., Ward, C. M., & Banker, B. S. (1999). Across cultural divides: The value of a superordinate identity. In D. Prentice and D. Miller (Eds.), Cultural divides: Understanding and overcoming group conflict: 173- 212. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Garcia-Prieto, Bellard, E. & Schneider, S.C. 2003. Experiencing diversity, conflict, and emotions in teams. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 52, 413-440. George, J. M., & James, L. R. (1993). Personality, affect, and behavior in groups revisited: Comment on aggregation, levels of analysis, and a recent application of within and between analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 798–804. Gersick, C.J.G. (1988). TIime and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. Academy of Mangement Journal, 31, 9-41. Giardini, A. & Frese, M. (2008). Linking service employees’ emotional competence to customer satisfaction: A multilevel approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29,155-170. Gibson, C.B. (2001). From knowledge accumulation to accommodation: Cycles of collective cognition in work groups. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 121-134. Gibson, C. & Vermeulen, F. (2003). A healthy divide: Subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 202-239. Goff, S.J., Mount, M.K. & Jamison, R.L. (1990). Employer supported child care, work-family, and absenteeism: A field study. Personnel Psychology, 43, 793-809. Goodman, L.A. (1961). Snowball sampling. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32, 148–170. Greenhaus, J.H. & Parasuraman, S. (1986). Vocational and organizational behavior: A review. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29, 115-176. 143 Greer, L.L. (2008). Group composition and conflict: The role of individual differences. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Leiden University. Gruenfeld, D.H. (1995). Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the united-status-supreme-court: Rethinking the politics of politics decision. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 5-20 Gruenfeld, D.H., Mannix, E.A., Williams, K.Y., & Neale, M.A. (1996). Group composition and decision making: How member familiarity and information distribution affect process and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67, 1-15. Guzzo, R. A., & Dickson, M. W. (1996). Teams in organizations: Recent research on performance and effectiveness. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 307–338. Hackman, J.R. (1987). The design of work teams. In J. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior (pp. 315-342). Englewood Cliffs, N J: Prentice-Hall. Halfhill, T., Sundstrom, E., Lahner, J. & Calderone, W. (2005). Group personality composition and group effectiveness: An integrative review of empirical research. Small group research, 36 (1), 83-105. Hallinan, M. & Smith, S. (1985). The effects of classroom racial composition on students’ interracial friendliness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 3-16. Hambrick, D. Cho, T. & Chen, M. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms’ competitive moves Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 659-684. Hambrick, D., Li, J.T., Xin, K., & Tsui, A.S. (2001). Compositional gaps and downward spirals in international joint venture management groups. Strategic Management Journal, 22 (11), 1033-1053. Harrison, D.A. & Klein, K.J. (2007). What's the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32, 1199-1228 Harrison, D., Price, K. & Bell, M. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 96-107. Haslam, S. A., N. Ellemers. (2005). Social identity in industrial and organizational psychology: Concepts, controversies and contributions. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 20, 39– 118. Hatfield, E., Caccioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge: University Press. Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Willis, H. (2002). Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575–604. Hinsz, V.B., Tindale, R.S. & Vollrath, D.A. (1997). The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 43-64. Hogg, M. A. (1996). Intragroup processes, group structure and social identity. In W. P. Robinson (Ed.), Social groups and identities: Developing the legacy of Henri Tajfel (pp. 65-93). Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Hogg, M.A., Turner, J.C., & Davidson, B. (1990). Polarized norms and social frames of reference: A test of selfcategorization theory of group polarization. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 11, 77-100. Hollenbeck, J.R., Ilgen, D.R., Sego, D.J. Hedlund, J., Major, D.A., & Phillips, J. (1995). Multilevel theory of team decision-making: Decision performance in teams incorporating distributed expertise. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 292-316 Hollingshead, A.B. (1998). Communication, learning, and retrieval in transactive memory systems. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 423-442. 144 Hollingshead, A.B. & Fraidin, S.N. (2003). Gender stereotypes and assumptions about expertise in transactive memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 355-363. Homan A.C., Hollenbeck J.R., Humphrey S.E., Van Knippenberg, D., Ilgen, D.R., Van Kleef, G.A. (2008). Facing differences with an open mind: Openness to experience, salience of intragroup differences, and performance of diverse work groups. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 1204-1222. Homan, A.C., Van Knippenberg, D., Van Kleef, G.A. & De Dreu, C.K.W. (2007a). Interacting dimensions of diversity: Cross-categorization and the functioning of diverse work groups. Group Dynamics, 11, 79-94. Homan, A.C. Van Knippenberg, D., Van Kleef, G.A. & De Dreu, C.K.W. (2007b). Bridging faultlines by valuing diversity: Diversity beliefs, information elaboration, and performance in diverse work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1189-1199 Homsma, G.J., Van Dyck, C., De Gilder, D, Koopman, P.L. & Elfring, T. (2009). Learning from error: The influence of error incident characteristics. Journal of Business Research, 62, 115-122 Hyatt, D. E., & Ruddy, T. M. (1997). An examination of the relationship between work group characteristics and performance: Once more into the breech. Personnel Psychology, 50, 553–585. Ilgen, D.R. (1994). Jobs and roles: Accepting and coping with the changing structure of organizations. In M.G. Runsey & C.B. Harris (Eds.), Selection and classification (pp. 12-32). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Insko, C. A., & Schopler, J. (1998). Differential distruct of groups and individuals. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 75-108). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Jackson, S. (1992). Team composition in organizations. In S. Worchel, W. Wood & J. Simpson (Eds.). Group process and productivity (pp. 1-12) London: Sage. Jackson, S.E., Joshi, A., & Erhardt, N.L. (2003). Recent research on teams and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications. Journal of Management, 29(6), 801-830. Jackson, S., May, E., & Whitney, K. (1995). Understanding the dynamics of diversity in decision-making teams. In R. Guzzo & E. Slaas Associates (Eds.). Team decision making effectiveness in organizations (pp. 204–261). San Francisco, Bassey-Bass. Jehn, K.A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 256–282. Jehn, K.A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 520-557. Jehn, K.A. & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. In B. Staw and R. Kramer, (Eds.) Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 25, pp.187- 242). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Inc. Jehn, K.A. & Bezrukova, K. (in press) The effects of faultline activation on coalition formation, conflict, and group outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Jehn, K.A., Chadwick, C., & Thatcher, S.M.B. (1997). To agree or not to agree: The effects of value congruence, individual demographic dissimilarity and conflict on workgroup outcomes. International Journal of Conflict Management, 8 (4), 287-306 Jehn, K.A., Greer, L.L. & Rupert, J. (2008). Diversity, conflict and its consequences. In A. Brief (Ed.) Diversity at work (pp. 127-174), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 145 Jehn, K.A., Northcraft, G., & Neale, M. (1999). Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in workgroups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 741-763. Jehn, K.A., Rispens, S. & Thatcher, S.M.B. (in press). The effects of conflict asymmetry on workgroup and individual outcomes. Academy of Management Journal. Jehn, K.A. & Rupert, J. (2007). Group faultlines and team learning: How to benefit from different perspectives. In: V. Sessa & M. London (Eds.). Work group learning: Understanding, improving and assessing how groups learn in organizations (pp. 121-149) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Asssociates. Jehn, K.A., Rupert, J. & Nauta, A. (2006). The effects of conflict asymmetry on mediation outcomes: Satisfaction, work motivation, and absenteeism. International Journal of Conflict Management, 17, 96-109. Jehn, K.A. & Shah, P.P. (1997). Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 775790. Jetten, J., R. Spears, A. S. R. Manstead. (1998). Defining dimensions of distinctiveness: Group variability makes a difference to differentiation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1481–1492. Judge, T.A. & Piccolo, R.F. (2004).Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of applied psychology, 89, 755 -768 Kameda, T., Ohtsubo, Y., & Takezawa, M. (1997). Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision making context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 296–309. Kashy, D. A., & Kenny, D. A. (2000). The analysis of data from dyads and groups. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 451–477). Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press. Katz, R. (1982). The effects of group longevity on project communication and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 81–104. Klein, K.J. & Kozlowski, S.W.J. (2000). Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: foundations, extensions, and new directions. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. Klimoski, R & Mohammed, S (1994). Team mental model: Construct or metaphor? Journal of Management, 20, 403-437 Kline, R. (1986). Handbook of test construction. London: Methuen. Komorita, S.S. & Kravitz, D.A. (1981). Effects of prior experience on coalition bargaining. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 675-686. Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. 2001. Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. Borman, D. Ilgen, & R. Klimoski (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational Psychology (pp. 334–375). New York: Wiley. Kramer, R. M. (1990). The effects of resource scarcity on group conflict and cooperation. In E. Lawler and B. Markovsky (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (Vol. 7, pp. 151–77). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Kramer, R.M. (1991). Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role of categorization processes. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 13, pp. 191-227). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press. 146 Langfred, C.W. (2007). The downside of self-management: A longitudinal study of the effects of conflict on trust, autonomy, and task interdependence in self-managing teams. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 885-900 Lapierre, L. & Allen, T. D. (2006).Work-supportive family, family-supportive supervision, use of organizational benefits, and problem focused coping: Implications for work-family conflict and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 169-181. Larson, J.R., Sargis, E.G. & Bauman, C.W. (2004). Shared knowledge and subgroup influence during decisionmaking discussions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 17, 245-262 Lau, D. & Murnighan, J.K. (1998). Demograhpic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 23, 325-340. Lau, D.C., Murnighan, J.K. (2005). Interactions within groups and subgroups: The effects of demographic faultlines. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 645-659. LeBreton, J.M. & Senter, J.L. 2008. Answers to 20 questions about interrater reliability and interrater agreement. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 815-852. Lee, Y., & Ottati, V. 1993. Determinants of in-group and out-group perceptions of heterogeneity: An investigation of Sino-American stereotypes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 98-316. Leong, C.H. & Ward, C. (2000). Identity conflict in sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24, 763-776 Levine, J.L. & L.R. Moreland (1999). Knowledge transmission in workgroups: Helping newcomers to succeed. In L.L.Thompson J.M. Levine & D.M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 267-296). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Lewis, K. (2003). Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 587-604 Lewis, K., Lange D., Gillis, L. (2005). Transactive memory systems, learning, and learning transfer. Organization Science, 16, 581-598 Li, J. & Hambrick, D.C. (2005). Factional groups: A new vantage on demographic faultlines, conflict and disintegration in work teams. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 794-813. Liang, D.W., Moreland, R. & Argote, L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating role of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 384-393. Lindenberg, S. (1997). Grounding groups in theory: Functional, cognitive, and structural interdependencies. Advances in Group Processes, 14, 281-331. Lipponen, J., Helkama, K. & Juslin, M. (2003). Subgroup identification, superordinate identification and intergroup bias between the subgroups. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6, 239-250. Littlepage, G.E., Robison, W., & Reddington, K. (1997). Effects of task experience and group experience on group 147 Marcus-Newhall, A., Miller, N., Holtz, R., & Brewer, M. B. (1993). Cross-cutting category membership with role assignment: A means of reducing intergroup bias. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 125–146. Marquardt, M.J. (1996). Building the learning organization: A systems approach to quantum improvement and global success. New York: Mc-Graw Hill. Marrone J.A., Tesluk, P.E., Carson, J.B. (2007). A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of team member boundary-spanning behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1423-1439. Mathieu, M.J.E., Gilson, L.L., & Ruddy, T.M. (2006). Empowerment and team effectiveness: An empirical test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 97-108 Mathieu, J.E., Heffner, T.S., Goodwin, G.F., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J.A. (2000). The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 273-283. McGrath, J. (1984). Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. McGrath, J.E. (1998). A view of group composition through a group-theoretic lens. In M.A. Neale, E.A. Mannix & D.H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on Managing Groups and Teams (Vol. 1, pp. 255-272). Stamford, CT: JAI Press. Meyer, J.P. Stanley, D.J. Herscovitch, L. & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior 61, 20–52. Messick, D.M. & D.M. Mackie. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45-81. Migdal, M. J., Hewstone, M., & Mullen, B. (1998). The effects of crossed categorization on intergroup evaluations: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 303–324. Miller, C. C., L. M. Burke, & W. H. Glick. (1998). Cognitive diversity among upper-echelon executives: Implications for strategic decision processes. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 39–58. Milliken, F., & Martins, L. (1996). Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 21, 402-433. Mischel, L.J. & Northcraft, G.B. (1997). I think we can, I think we can… The role of self-efficacy beliefs in group and team effectiveness. In: B. Markovsky & M.J. Lovaglia (Eds.). Advances in Group Processes, (vol. 14, pp. 177-179). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Mohammed, S & Dumville B.C. (2001). Team mental models in a team knowledge framework: Expanding theory and measurement across disciplinary boundaries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 89-106 Molleman, E. (2005). Diversity in demographic characteristics, abilities and personality traits: Do faultlines affect team functioning? Group Decision and Negotiation, 14. 173-193. Moreland, R. L. (1999). Transactive memory: Learning who knows what in work groups and organizations. In L. L. Thompson, J. M. Levine, & D. M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 3–32). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Moreland, R.L., Argote, L. & Krishnan, R. (1998). Training people to work in groups. In Tindale, R. S. et al. (Eds). Theory and research on small groups (pp. 37-60). New York, NY, US: Plenum Press. Moreland, R.L. & Levine, J.M. (1992). The composition of small groups. In E.J. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, & H.A. Walker (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (Vol. 8, pp. 237-280). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 148 Moreland, R.L. & Myaskovsky, L. (2000). Exploring the performance benefits of group training: Transactive memory or improved communication? Organizational Behavior and Human DecisionProcesses, 82, 117133. Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 852-863. Murnighan, J.K. & Conlon, D.E. (1991). The dynamics of intense work groups: A study of british string quartets. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 165-186. Murnighan, J. K., & D. J. Brass (1991). Intraorganizational coalitions. In R. J. Lewicki, B. H. Sheppard, & M. H. Bazerman (eds.), Research on Negotiations in Organizations (Vol. 3, pp. 283–306). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Nembhard I.M. & Edmondson, A.C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 941-966 Nemeth, C. & Kwan, J. (1987). Minority influence, divergent thinking, and detection of correct solutions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 17, 786-797. Nesdale, D. & Mak, A.S. (2003). Ethnic identification, self-esteem and immigrant psychological health. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 23-40. Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Malden, MA:Blackwell Publishers. O’Reilly, C.A., Caldwell, D.F., & Barnett, W.P. (1989) Work group demography, social integration, and turnover. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 21-37 O’Reilly, C.A., Williams, K., & Barsade, S. (1997). Group demography and innovation: Does diversity help? In E. A. Mannix & M. Neale (Eds.), Research in the management of groups and teams (Vol.1) Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Organ, D. W. (1990). The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behavior. In B. M. Staw, & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, (vol. 12, pp. 43–72). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc. Pearsall, M.J., Ellis, A.P. & Evans, J.M. (2008). Unlocking the effects of gender fautllines on team creativity: Is activation the key? Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 225-234. Pelled, L.H. (1996). Demographic diversity, conflict and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory. Organization Science, 17, 615-631. Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Xin, K. R. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 1–28. Peterson, R.S. & Nemeth, C.J. (1996). Focus versus flexibility: Majority and minority influence can both improve performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22 (1), 14-23. Phillips, K.W. (2003). The effects of categorically based expectations on minority influence: The importance of congruence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 3-13. Phillips, K.W. & Loyd, D.L. 2006. When surface and deep-level diversity collide: The effects on dissenting group members. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 99, 143-160 149 Phillips, K.W., Mannix, E.A., Neale, M.A., & Gruenfeld, D.H. (2004). Diverse groups and information sharing: The effects of congruent ties. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 497-510. Polzer, J.T, Milton, L.P. & Swann, W.B. (2002). Capitalizing on diversity: Interpersonal congruence in small work groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 296-324. Pugh, S. D. 2001. Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in the service encounter. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1018–1027. Rau, D. (2005). The influence of relationship conflict and trust on the transactive memory-performance relation in top management teams. Small Group Research, 36, 746-771. Reason, J. (1990). Human error. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Ren Y.Q., Carley K.M., & Argote, L. (2006). The contingent effects of transactive memory: When is it more beneficial to know what others know? Management Science, 52, 671-682 Rico, R., Molleman, E., Sanchez-Manzanares, M., & Van der Vegt, G.S. (2007). The effects of diversity faultlines and team task autonomy on decision quality and social integration. Journal of Management, 33, 111-132. Rink, F. & Ellemers, N. 2006. What can you expect? The influence of gender diversity in dyads on work goal expectancies and subsequent work commitment. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 9, 577-588. Rochlin, G. I. (1999). Safe operation as a social construct. Ergonomics, 42,1549–1560 Rupert, J. & Jehn, K.A. (2008). Diversity and team learning: The role of faultlines and psychological safety. Gedrag & Organisatie, 21, 184-206. Rupert, J. & Jehn, K.A. (2009a). Measuring a typology of team learning: Task, process, and social learning. Manuscript submitted for publication. Rupert, J. & Jehn, K.A. (2009b). When subgroups fuse and divide: Effects of faultlines on team learning and customer satisfaction. Manuscript submitted for publication. Rupert, J. & Jehn, K.A. (2009c). Being different, yet similar: How faultline strength and distance affect team learning and performance. Manuscript submitted for publication. Rupert, J., Jehn, K.A. & Homan, A.C. (2009). When do faultline and cross-categorized teams learn? The role of error culture. Manuscript submitted for publication. Sani, F. (2005). When subgroups secede: Extending and refining the social psychological model of schism in groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1074-1086. Sargis, E. G., & Larson, J. R., Jr. (2002). Informational centrality and member participation during group decision making. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 5, 331–345. Sarin, S., & McDermott, C. (2003). The effect of team leader characteristics on learning, knowledge application, and performance of cross-functional new product development teams. Decision Sciences, 34, 707–739. Sawyer, J. E., Houlette, M. A., & Yeagley, E. L. (2006). Decision performance and diversity structure: Comparing faultlines in convergent, crosscut, and racially homogeneous groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 99, 1-15. Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Sessa, V.L. & London, M. (2007). Work group learning: Understanding, improving and assessing how groups learn in organizations. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum 150 Schippers, M. C., Den Hartog, D. N. & Koopman, P. L. (2003). Diversity and team outcomes: The moderating effects of outcome interdependence and group longevity and the mediating effect of reflexivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 779-802 Schneider, B., & Bowen, D. E. (1985). Employee and customer perceptions of service banks: Replication and extension. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 423–433. Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420–428. Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000). Task conflict and relationship conflict in top management teams: The pivotal role of intragroup trust. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 102–111. Sivadas, E. & Baker-Prewitt, J.L. 2000. An examination of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and store loyalty. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 28(2), 73-82. Smith, C.M., Tindale, R. S. & Dugoni, B. L. (1996). Minority and majority influence in freely interacting groups: Qualitative versus quantitative differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 137-149. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. (1992). Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 207–218. Stasser, G., Stewart, D.D., & Wittenbaum, G.M. (1995). Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: The importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 244-265. Stasser, G., L. A. Taylor, & C. Hanna (1989). Information sampling in structured and unstructured discussions of three- and sixperson groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 67–78. Stasser, G., & Titus,W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467–1478. Stasser, G., & Titus,W. (1987). Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 81–93. Steenkamp, J.B.E.M. (1990). Conceptual model of the quality perception process. Journal of Business Research, 21, 309-333. Steiner, I. D. (1972). Group process and productivity. New York: Academic Press. Stevenson, W. B., Pearce, J. L., & Porter, L. W. (1985). The concept of “coalition” in organizational theory and research. Academy of Management Review, 10, 256-268. Stewart, G.L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of relationships between team design features and team performance. Journal of Management, 32 (1), 29-54. Stewart, T.A. (1997). Why dumb things happen to smart companies. Fortune, 135, 159-160. Strauss, J.P., Barrick, M.R., Connerley, M.L. (2001). An investigation of relational personality effects on peer and supervisor ratings and the impact of familiarity, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 637-57. Sutcliffe, K. M. (1994). What executives notice: Accurate perceptions in top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1360– 1378. 151 Swann, W.B., Polzer J.T., Seyle D.C., & Ko S.J. (2004). Finding value in diversity: Verification of personal and social self-views in diverse groups. Academy of Management Review, 29 (1), 9-27. Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33,1-39. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W.G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall. Teachman, J. D. 1980. Analysis of population diversity. Sociological Methods and Research, 8, 341-362 Thatcher, S.M.B., Jehn, K.A., & Zanutto, E. (2003). Cracks in diversity research: The effects of faultlines on conflict and performance. Group Decision and Negotiation, 12, 217-241. Thatcher, S. M. B., Zhu, X. (2006). Changing identities in a changing workplace: Identification, identity enactment, self-verification and telecommuting. Academy of Management Review, 31, 1076-1088. Thomas, L.T. & Ganster, D.C. (1995). Impact of family supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6-15. Thompson, C. A., Beauvais, L. L., & Lyness, K. S. (1999). When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational commitment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 392-415. Thompson, C.A., Jahn, E., Kopelman, R., Prottas, D. (2004). The impact of perceived organizational and supervisory family support on affective commitment: A longitudinal and multi-level analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues, 16, 545-565. Tjosvold, D. (1991). The conflict positive organization. Reading, MA: Addison, Wesley. Tjosvold, D., Yu, Z. & Hui, C. (2004). Team learning from mistakes: The contribution of cooperative goals and problem solving. Journal of Management Studies, 41, 1223-1245. Tsui, A. S., Egan, T.D. & O’Reilly, C.A. (1992). Being different: Relational demography and organizational attachment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 549–579. Tuckman, B. W., & Jensen, M. A. C. (1977). Stages in small group development revisited.Group and Organizational Studies, 2, 419-427. Turner, J.C. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, England: Blackwell. Turban, D.B., & Jones, A.P. (1988). Supervisor-subordinate similarity: Types, effects and mechanisms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 28-234. Van den Bossche, P., Gijselaers, W.H., Segers, M. & Kirschner, P.A. (2006). Social and cognitive factors driving teamwork in collaborative learning environments: Team learning beliefs and behaviors. Small Group Research, 37, 490-521. Van der Vegt, G.S. & Bunderson, J.S. (2005). Learning and performance in multidisciplinary teams: The importance of collective team identification. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 532-547. Van der Vegt, G.S. & Janssen, O. (2003). Joint impact of interdependence and group diversity on innovation. Journal of Mangement, 29, 729-751. Van Dyck, C, Frese, M., Baer, M. & Sonnentag, S. (2005). Organizational error management culture and its impact on performance: A two-study replication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1228-1240. 152 Van Knippenberg, D., De Dreu, C. K. W. & Homan, A. C. (2004). Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 1008-1022 Van Knippenberg & Schippers, M. C. (2007). Workgroup diversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 515-541. Van Offenbeek, M. (2001). Processes and outcomes of team learning. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10, 303–317. Van Vugt, M., & Hart, C. M., (2004). Social identity as social glue: The origins of group loyalty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 585-598. Von Glinow, M.A., Shapiro, D.L., Brett, J.M. (2004). Can we talk, and should we? Managing emotional conflict in multicultural teams. Academy of Management Review, 29, 578-592. Wagner, W. G., J. Pfeffer, C. A. O’Reilly. (1984). Organizational demography and turnover in top management groups. Administrative Science. Quarterly, 29, 74–92. Walsh, J.R. (1988). Selectivity and selective perception: An investigation of managers’ belief structure and information processing. Academy of Management Journal, 31, 873-896. Webber, S. & Donahue, L. (2001). Impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A meta–analysis. Journal of Management, 27, 141-162. Weber, R.A., & Camerer, C.F. (2003). Cultural conflict and merger failure: An experimental approach. Management Science, 49, 400-415. Wegner, D.M. (1987). Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In G. Mullen & G. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of group behavior (pp.185-208). New York: Springer-Verlag. Wegner, D.M. (1995). A computer network model of human transactive memory. Social Cognition, 13 319–339. Wegner, D. M., Giuliano, T & Hertel, P. W. (1985). Cognitive interdependence in close relationships. In J. Ickes, (Ed). Compatible and Incompatible Relationships (pp. 253-276). Springer-Verlag, New York. West, M.A. (2000). Reflexivity, revolution and innovation in work teams. In M.M. Beyerlein, D.A. Johnson & S.T. Beyerlein (Eds), Product development teams (Vol. 5., pp. 1-29). Stamford, CT: JAI Press. West, M. A., & Farr, J. L. (1990). Innovation at work. In M. A. West & J. L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work (pp. 3-13). Chichester, UK: Wiley. West, M.A., Garrod, S., & Carletta, J. (1997). Group decision-making and effectiveness: Unexplored boundaries. In C.L. Cooper & S.E. Jackson (Eds.), Creating tomorrow’s organizations: A handbook for future research in organizational behavior (pp. 293–316). Chicester: John Wiley & Sons. Wheelan, S. (1994). Group processes: A developmental perspective. Boston : Allyn and Bacon Williams, K.Y. & O’Reilly, C.A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. Research in Organizational Behavior, 20, 77-140. Wilson, J.M., Goodman, P.S. & Cronin, M.A. (2007). Group learning. Academy of Managemen Review, 32, 10411059. Wittenbaum, G. M., Hubbell, A. P., & Zuckerman, C. (1999). Mutual enhancement: toward an understanding of the collective preference for shared information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 968– 978. Wittenbaum, G.M. & Stasser, G. (1996). Management of information in small groups. In J.L. Nye and A.M Brower (Eds.), What’s Social about Social Cognition? Social Cognition Research in Small Groups (pp. 3-28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 153 Zanutto, E., Bezrukova, K., & Jehn, K. A. (In press). Measuring group faultlines strength and distance. Quality and Quantity. Zellmer-Bruhn, M.E., Maloney, M.M., Bhappu, A.D. & Salvador, R. (2008). When and how do differences matter? An exploration of perceived similarity in teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 107, 41-59. Zenger, T. R., & B. S. Lawrence (1989). Organizational demography: The differential effects of age and tenure distributions on technical communication. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 353–377. 154