JTI--CP-ENIAC-2011--1
DCC+G
DC Components
omponents and Grid
G
STREP
Contract Nr: 296108-2
Deliverable:
liverable: D 5.1.1
5.1.1
Usual charts with total energy consumption
consumption on all
relevant nodes
Due date of deliverable: (12-31-2014
2014)
Actual submission date: (02-06-2015
2015)
Start date of Project: 01 April 2012
Duration: 36 months
Responsible
onsible WP: < Fraunhofer IISB >
Revision: proposed
Dissemination level
PU
PP
RE
CO
Public
Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Service
Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission
Services)
Confidential, only for members of the consortium (excluding the Commission
Services)
x
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 2 of 12
0 DOCUMENT INFO
0.1 Author
Author
Leopold Ott
Bernd Wunder
Company
Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer
E-mail
leopold.ott@iisb.fraunhofer.de
bernd.wunder@iisb.fraunhofer.de
0.2 Documents history
Document
version #
V0.1
V0.2
V0.3
V0.4
V0.5
V0.6
V0.7
Sign off
V1.0
Date
Change
12-08-2014
12-18-2014
12-18-2014
12-18-2014
12-18-2014
12-18-2014
07-01-2015
08-01-2015
02-06-2015
Starting version, template
Definition of ToC
First complete draft
Integrated version (send to WP members)
Updated version (send PCP)
PCP
Updated version (send to project internal reviewers)
Review Mark Smidt (Heliox),
(Heliox), Johnny Olsson (ENP)
Signed off version (for approval to PMT members)
Approved Version to be submitted to EU
0.3 Document data
Keywords
Editor Address data
Name: Leopold Ott
Partner: Fraunhofer IISB
Address: Schottkystr. 10
91058 Erlangen
Germany
Phone: +49 9131 761 363
Fax:
E-mail:
E
leopold.ott@iisb.fraunhofer.
leopold.ott@iisb.fraunhofer.de
Delivery date
02-06-2015
02
0.4 Distribution list
Date
08-01
01-2015
02-06
06-2015
Issue
Sign off
V1.0
E-mailer
E
al_dccg_pmt@natlab.research.philips.com
al_dccg_all@natlab.research.philips.com
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 3 of 12
Table of Contents
0
DOCUMENT INFO ................................................................
......................................................................................
...................... 2
0.1
Author ................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................... 2
0.2
Documents history................................................................
................................................................... 2
0.3
Document data .........................................................................
................................
......... 2
0.4
Distribution list .........................................................................
................................
......... 2
1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................
.........................................................................................
......................... 4
2
REALISED ENERGY MONITORING
MONI
SYSTEM ..........................................
.......................................... 5
3
USER INTERFACE TO ACCESS
ACCESS MEASURED DATA............................... 7
4
TYPICAL CHARTS FOR THE
THE TEST BED BUILDING ............................... 9
5
SUMMARY ................................................................
................................................................................................
................................ 11
6
REFERENCES ................................................................
..........................................................................................
.......................... 12
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 4 of 12
1 Introduction
The European R&D project Direct Current Components + Grid (DCC+G) aims to
develop innovative power semiconductors and products using them to increase the
energy efficiency of commercial buildings. Hereby the partners of the project aim to
t
contribute to the realization of the European Commission target that all new buildings
in the EU shall be constructed as zero-energy
energy buildings latest 2021 [1]. Examples
xamples of
such buildings illustrate that electricity will replace fossil fuels in many energy related
processes of such buildings [2
2].
]. Thus the cost effective and energy efficient use of
electricity in buildings is an import area for technical innovations in the 21st century.
A 2-phase
phase llow voltage direct current (DC)
(
grid with supply voltages of ±380 VDC offers
benefits compared with a 3
3-phase
phase 400 V AC grid supply and thus is used internally in
many modern electrical appliances.
appliances Electricity from a DC supply can be controlled
more flexible, with higher performance and efficiency,
efficiency, at lower cost than from AC
electricity sources
sources.
The hard aims of the research and development project are to show that the use of
direct current has advantages for certain loads compared to alternating current. This
applies especially for the use of distributed regenerative energy generators like solar
panels, local wind turbines and micro CHP units. Therefore, the goal is to show that
the use of direct current rreduces
educes the whole power demand by 5 % while the cost for
the use of solar electricity iis
s reduced by 7 %.
For the feasibility test of the project, an office and an industrial building have been
selected as experimental platforms. Here it is of interest that common electric loads in
these types of buildings
buildings,, e. g. lighting, HVAC and information technology, mostly need
direct current. Especially when transmitting DC electricity from photovoltaic power
systems into DC operated applications,
applications power losses of solar inverters and application
rectifiers can be reduced.
The following report provides an insight in typical data that is collected with the energy
monitoring system built at the DC office test bed at Fraunhofer IISB. The combined
ned AC
and DC metering system has been described in detail in [3] and [4]. The obtained data
serves as the basis for the computation of the efficiency gain that can be acquired
when using a DC supply compared to a conventional AC supply.
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 5 of 12
2 REALISED ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM
Figure 1 shows how the components
omponents are connected to the central
central DC bus which is
housed in the DC distribution cabinet. The figure also gives an idea how AC and DC
metering points are scattered around the grid. It was agreed that each feeder leaving
the DC distribution cabinet is equipped with a DC metering point. Also the rectifier AC
input,, the AC output of the programmable laboratory power supply and a certain kind
of the AC driven fluorescent lights in the office building have been equipped with a
conventional AC metering point. In total, there have been 8 metering points installed
on the
e DC side and four metering points on the AC side.
1: Combined AC and DC Monitoring System realized within the Office Test Bed Building
Figure 1
.
As it was specified in [3], the metering system consists
consist of Siemens PAC 4200 Energy
acting as measureme
measurement masters
asters for AcuDC
Acu
240
40 measuring units which conduct the
processing of metering data on the DC side obtained with LEM Ultrastab IT60-s
IT60
current sensors, which can measure with an absolute accuracy of 0,5 %. The slaves
are communicating with the masters over a Modbus/RTU protocol. A schematic of a
DC measuring channel including the metering unit, a current sensor with shunt and the
auxiliary power supply can be found in Figure 2.. The metering masters transmit the
data to the Siemens Power Manager software where the data is displayed and written
to a data base for further analysis. The metering data can be analysed
analysed with a
maximum time step of one second.
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 6 of 12
Figure 2
2:: Schematic of a DC measurement channel
The AC and DC metering points lie in close vicinity to the DC distribution cabinet inside
the DC laboratory in a separate 19’’ server rack. For easy mounting, slots with 3 rack
units were constructed to house the meters and their auxiliary components. A picture
of the measurement server rack can be found in Figure 3.
Figure 3
3:: AC and DC measurement units housed in a 19'' server rack
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 7 of 12
3 USER INTERFACE TO ACCESS MEASURED DATA
As it was already explained, the metered data is accessible over the Siemens Power
Manager software. The software is also used to monitor the total energy flow of the
entire Fraunhofer facility. So, it was agreed to create a separate graphical user
interface
ce (GUI) for the entire DC grid. A picture of the GUI can be found in Figure 4.
Figure 4
4:: GUI inside the Siemens Power Manager
M
software to monitor the parameters at any grid
node
By double clicking on the yellow boxes one can observe configurable measurement
values of the certain node as can be seen in Figure 5.. It was decided to log
momentary power, voltage, current, energy import and energy export for each node of
the grid. This amount of values should be sufficient for a meaningful analysis of the
grid efficiency of a DC grid compared to an AC grid.
5:: Displaying of current measurement values at one grid node
Figure 5
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 8 of 12
Of course, also the curve progression of certain parameters can be illustrated with the
software as it is demonstrated in Figure 6. One can choose inside the software ifi data
with a time stamp of 1 minute or 15 minutes will be displayed. Since the load on the
DC bus mainl
mainly
y consists of fluorescent and DC lights, the load can change quite
rapidly, e. g. at dawn when a large number of lights is turned off. Consequently,, a time
stamp of 1 minute was selected for the exported metering data.
Figure 6
6:: Curve progression of measurement parameters for one grid node
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 9 of 12
4 TYPICAL CHARTS FOR THE TEST BED BUILDING
To show the feasibility of the installed metering system for the DC test grid, a sample
chart measured in calendar week 50 in 2014 is analysed. The curve
curve progression is
shown in Figure 7. Unfortunately, the selected week has been very poor concerning
the achieved yield out of the pv plant, so the data
data has been removed from the chart. In
that week, only the output of the Emerson power rack, the lighting grid in the new
building part and the lighting grid for a floor in the old building part are examined.
Figure 7
7: Typical curve progression of power consumption inside the office test bed
Instantly, it can be seen that the grid is only working on weekdays and is shut down on
the weekend. This is because the load on the DC bus is literally zero on the weekend
since all the lig
lights
hts are automatically turned off by the EIB/KNX control system of the
building. Therefore, also all sources are turned off during the weekends to save
auxiliary power which would otherwise be wasted.
On the weekdays, the load profile shows the typical progression
ogression of a lighting grid in an
office building. In Figure 7, the blue curve displays the power consumed by the lighting
grind on a floor in the old building part of the Fraunhofer Institute. This lighting grid is
equipped with Philips LuxSpace down lights. These lights are split in two parts
connected in parallel to a subdistribution unit. Both
Both light bands can only be turned on
as a whole. This can be clearly observed looking at the progression of the blue curve.
Normally, these lights are turned on early in the morning and are switched off late in
the evening. On th
the
e Wednesday of the considered week, it seems that only one part of
the floor lighting was working.
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 10 of 12
In contrast to the lights on the floor, the fluorescent lights in the office rooms can be
switched on and of
offf individually depending on the need of the workers.
workers. This of course
leads to a progression with more spikes as it can be seen looking at the orange curve
of Figure 7. Yet, the progression of the curve
curve roughly matches with the general
working hours at the Fraunhofer Institute. For a comparison with a conventional AC
distribution in the new building part, the same number of fluorescent lights is monitored
with an AC metering point.
The green curve in Figure 7 displays the output power of the Emerson Power Rack
which was the only power source connected to the central DC bus during the
considered week. It is obvious that the output power is roughly the sum of the power
consumption of the two lighting grid plus the power value which is dissipated
dissipat
in the
cable impedances.
To account for the power loss in the Emerson Power Rack due to the need for auxiliary
auxilia
power and conversion losses, the metered power data on the AC side of the Power
Rack is recorded.
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 11 of 12
5 SUMMARY
It has been shown that the installed DC and AC metering system is capable of
recording, displaying and exporting the needed data for a fair comparison between the
novel DC distribution in an office building and a conventional AC distribution. As the
testing period for the test bed continues until March 2015, a large amount of data will
be obtained.
As it will be
e described in one of the following
following WP 5 reports, the testing period will
include several experimental use cases including the demonstrated comparison
between AC and DC lighting which was described in this deliverable. Future use cases
will involve the µ
µ-CHP
CHP unit feeding directly into the
the DC grid, an emulation of the load
profile of a small data center, the charging of an electric vehicle out of the DC grid and
finally feeding small 24 VDC nanogrids for office applications out of the 380 VDC bus.
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>
WP 4 D 5.1,, version 1.0
DCC+G
JTI-CP-ENIAC-2011-1-296108
296108-2
Page 12 of 12
6 REFERENCES
1. European Commission: Energy Efficiency – Buildings, DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU
OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 May 2010
on
the
energy
performance
of
buildings,
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/buildings/buildings_en.htm
2. K. Voss, E. Musall:
ll: Net zero energy buildings, ISBN 978-3-0346-0780
978
0780-3,
http://shop.detail.de/eu_e/net-zero-energy-buildings.html
http://shop.detail.de/eu_e/net
buildings.html
3. L. Ott: „Demonstrator
Demonstrator Buildings are prepared for the Installation of DC
DC Grid
System ”, ENIAC
AC Project DCC+G Deliverable D 4.2.1,
4.2.1 2014
4. L. Ott, B. Wunder:„Detailed
tailed demonstrator test protocols are defined ”, ENIAC
ENI
Project DCC+G Deliverable D 4.3.1, 2014
© DCC+G Consortium <Public>