Volume 196 · 2014
S1
ISSN 0940-9602
Ann. Anat.
196(2014)S1
pp.xx-xxx
www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
1
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
ABSTRACTS
THE18thCONGRESSOFTHEINTERNATIONALFEDERATIONOF
ASSOCIATIONSOFANATOMISTS
BEIJINGCHINA08Ͳ10AUGUST2014
EditedbyYunqingLi,ChangmanZhou
OrganizationCommittee˖
BernardMoxhamB.Sc.,B.D.S.,PhD,FHEA,FSB,FAS
EmeritusProfessorofAnatomy
PresidentoftheInternationalFederationofAssociationsof
Anatomists(IFAA)
CardiffSchoolofBiosciences
UnitedKingdom
FriedrichPaulsenProf.Dr.med.;HeadDept.Anatomy;FAU
ErlangenErlangenIUniversitätsstr.Germany
SecretaryGeneralofIFAA
RichardL.Drake,Ph.D.,DirectorofAnatomy,Professorof
SurgeryClevelandClinicLernerCollegeofMedicine.USA
TreasurerofIFAA
YunqingLiMD.Ph.D
Professor,ChairmanofDepartmentofAnatomy,Histology
andEmbryology,TheFourthMilitaryMedicalUniversity
Xi’anChina.
PresidentofChineseSocietyofAnatomicalSciences(CSAS).
ChangmanZhouMD.Ph.DProfessorinDepartmentof
AnatomyandHistologyatPekingUniversityHealthScience
Center,China.CurrentlyViceͲPresidentandGeneral
SecretaryofCSAS.
MingZhangMB,MMed,PhDClinicalAnatomist,
DepartmentofAnatomy,UniversityofOtago
NewZealand.
LocalSicentificCommittee˖
QunyuanXu;Prof.CapitalMedical
University,BeijingChina
ShaoxiangZhang;Prof.3thMilitary
MedicalUniversity,ChongqingChina
YuanshanZeng;Prof.SUNYATͲSEN
Univeristy,GuangzhouChina
YunqingLi;Prof.4thMilitary
MedicalUniversityXianChina
ChunhuaZhao;Prof.PekingUnion
MedicalCollege,BeijingChina
WenlongDing;Prof.Shanghai
JiaotongUniversity,ShanghaiChina
ChangmanZhou;Prof.Peking
University,BeijingChina
WeiAn;Prof.CapitalMedical
University,BeijingChina
HouqiLiu;Prof.2thMilitaryMedical
University,ShanghaiChina
HuanjiuXi;Prof.LiaoningUniversity,
JinzhouChina
ShungenGuo;Prof.Chinese
MeidcineUniversity,BeijingChina
ShuweiLiu;Prof.Shandong
University,JinaChina
XiaosongGu;Prof.Nantong
University,NantongChina
ShulingBai;Prof.ChineseMedical
University,ShenyangChina
ChuandaXu;Prof.NanfangMedical
Univeristy,GuangzhouChina
HeLi;Prof.HuadongUniverisity,
WuhanChina
FuluGao;Prof.HebeiUniveristy
HebeiChina
HongquanZhang;Prof.Peking
University,BeijingChina
GuominZhou;Prof.FudanUniversity,
ShanghaiChina
YaJing;Prof.ShanxiMedical
University,ShanxiChina
ChaoMaProf.PekingUnionMedical
College,BeijingChina
Content
Foreword
Abstract
Authors index
2
3-285
286-xxx
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Foreword
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is
scheduled for August 8-10, 2014 in Beijing, China. On behalf of the organizing committee
and the Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences (CSAS), I would welcome you to attend
this Congress. The congress will be hosted by the CSAS and will take place at the Beijing
International Conference Centre, Beijing Continental Grand Hotel, Beijing, China. The
conference centre and hotel are located in the Beijing Olympic Park. A wide range of
accommodations are available around the Park, from budget accommodation up to 7 stars
hotels to suit all tastes and requirements.
The theme of the Congress will be Anatomy, from gross to molecular and digital. This
IFAA Congress, as always, aims to bring together anatomists and other scientists from
around the globe to present and debate the latest and best research on anatomy,
histology, morphology, cell biology, developmental biology, anthropology and digitized
morphology during the coming 4 years. It will provide an opportunity for networking for all
delegates.
Beijing, as the Capital of China with an over 5,000 years civilization history, has countless
historic and scenic spots, such as the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Summer Palace, Temple
of Heaven, etc. You may have had a glimpse of her breathtaking beauty during the Beijing
2008 Olympic Games. The 2014 IFAA Congress will provide you an unforgettable
opportunity to experience it by yourself. We will organize a wide range of a half day or one
day tours for your family during the conference. We will also arrange pre-/post-conference
tours for you and your family to visit various tourist attractions around China.
We look forward to the pleasure of greeting you at what promises to be an exciting and
fruitful meeting.
See you in Beijing! See you in 2014!
Professor Yunqing Li, MD, PhD.
President of Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences
Professor of Anatomy
Head of Department of Anatomy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
Email: deptanat@fmmu.edu.cn
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
3
histology teaching as well as various uses of apps in iPad to
teach clinical anatomy and the production of ibooks using
ibook author will be presented as a convincing way of
integrating education and information technologies into the
academic environment.
IFAA2014-1-001
Central neural pathways for nociceptive
information modulation
Yunqing Li
IFAA2014-1-003
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K. K.
Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical
University, No.169, West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032,
China.
*yunqing@fmmu.edu.cn
How clinical anatomy studies can be inspired by
clinical challenges
Stephen W. Carmichael1, Marios Louka2, R. Shane
Tubbs3
In the central nervous system (CNS), many long and short
neural pathways constituted by axonal processes are
structural bases for neural signal transmission and
modulation. The short neural pathway is also called local
circuit. Recently, we have investigated some neural pathways
and local circuits involved in the nociceptive information
transmission and modulation: (1) In the superficial laminae of
the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), the primary afferent fibers
which are nociceptive in nature made synaptic connections
with GABA- and glycine-containing neurons, suggest that at
the SDH, nociceptive information might be regulated by
inhibitory interneurons; (2) In the midbrain periaqueductal
gray (PAG), endomorphin-immunoreactive (EM-ir) terminals
originating from hypothalamus formed synapses with
GABA/mu-opioid receptor (MOR) co-localized neurons, the
latter one, in turn, formed synapses with 5-HT-ergic neurons,
suggesting that EM-ir terminals might inhibit the activity of
the GABA-ir neurons, and finally resulted in antinociceptive
effects through disinhibiting 5-HT-ir neurons; (3) Neurons in
deeper layers of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
projected directly to the superficial laminae of the SDH; the
excitation of these ACC-SDH projection neurons by
nociceptive inputs could facilitate the activity of the noxious
specific neurons in the SDH, indicating that this descending
projection might directly modulate the noxious information
transmission.
IFAA2014-1-002
Technology enhanced learning in medical school
with special reference to anatomy
P. Gopalakrishnakone
1
Stephen W. Carmichael, Emeritus Center, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA; 2Marios Loukas, Department of
Anatomy, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
3
R. Shane Tubbs, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
*carmichael.stephen@mayo.edu
We have found that the clinical setting presents numerous
opportunities that inspire studies in the anatomy lab that lead
to improvement in health care delivery to patients. We
summarize a few examples of studies that illustrate this
concept. The sagittal suture has been used as an external
landmark for the superior sagittal sinus. In 30 cadavers the
superior sagittal sinus was located to the right of the sagittal
suture in the majority of cases, but never more than 11 mm.
In order to determine a convenient autologous source of bone
for cranioplasty, we explored the use of the scapular spine.
An average size of 9 by 12 cm by 9 mm thick was available
for harvest with no interference with the glenohumeral joint
and no injuries detected in the peri-scapular region. We
investigated using a portion of the clavicle for anterior
cervical discectomy/corpectomy fusion procedures. The
middle third of the clavicle provided adequate bone to fuse
one or two cervical segments, up to 5 cm and the patient
remains supine during harvest and fusion. In order to keep the
patient prone during a posterior interlumbar fusion procedure,
we determined that the scapular spine could be used. We
conclude that challenges that occur in health care delivery,
especially in the operating room, can sometimes be solved
with appropriate anatomic study. The only limitation to these
opportunities is the imagination of the investigators.
IFAA2014-1-004
Department of Anatomy,YLL School of Medicine, National
University of Singapore &National University Health System,
Singapore.
*gopalakrishnakone_pon@nuhs.edu.sg
Withdraw.
IFAA2014-1-005
Medicine is a vast and rapidly expanding field. With
knowledge explosion it is very difficult to cope with the
updates as well as difficult to determine the reliability of
information available in public domain. Many technologies
based on computers, laptops as well as mobile technologies
using iPad, Android and available numerous medical apps are
being used. In collaboration with many members across
various disciplines, we have developed self-directed learning
modules with e-learning components such as multimedia
(audio, video, annotations, and animations) interactivity,
quizzes, and feedback and discussion forums. The experience
of “Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning in Medical
School with special reference to Anatomy” will be presented.
The production of multimedia material, 3D reconstruction of
virtual human body using CT scan data, use of camtasia in
Variations in normal anatomical shapes, and
symmtry of the maxillary sinus using computerized
tomography from sokoto northwestern nigeria.
Aliu AbdulHameed1, Abdullahi D. Zagga1, Ma'aji M.
Sadisu2, Abubakar Bello1, Bello S. Sirajo1, Jibrin D
Usman1, Musa, M. Awwal1, AbdulAzeez Tadros1
1
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto; 2Department of
Radiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital,
Sokoto.
*anastomosis74@gmail.com
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
The maxillary sinus is a pneumatic cavity, pyramidal in
shape, with considerable variations in sizes and shapes.
Computerized Tomography has improved the quality and
quantity of available information of the maxillary sinus
allowing easy access to all walls and surfaces. The aim was
to determine the normal variations in shapes and symmetry of
the maxillary sinus using Computerized Tomography. 130
subjects (79 males and 51 females), between 20 - 80 years,
with normal maxillary sinus CT anatomy, from head CT
scans carried out at the Radiology Department of the Usmanu
Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, were
studied. Head CT Scans were obtained from the local data
base of the CT machine and the CT library. Images were
taken with Neusoft Dual Slide Helical CT machine, and films
were viewed on the computer monitor. Variations in shapes
of the maxillary sinus were identified on axial slides and
classified based on their resemblance to known shapes of
solids. In this study, five distinct shapes of the maxillary
sinus were identified. These were Irregular in 2(0.77%) of
subjects, Oval in 3(1.15%), Quadrangular in 3(1.15%),
Spherical in 61(23.46%) and Triangular 191(73.46%). Shapes
were symmetrical in 85.38%, and asymmetrical in 14.62% of
subjects.
IFAA2014-1-006
Identification and description of the humeral head
of the brachial biceps muscle in the UniFOA
anatomy laboratory
Marcos G. S. Cunha, Paulo C. S. Azizi, Igor S.
Menezes, Pedro S. Rondinelli
Anatomy, UniFOA, Volta Redonda, Brazil
*marcoscunham@hotmail.com
Cases that differ from the normal range and do not create
damage to the function are called anatomical variations. The
identification of such structures due to their variations
facilitate learning and record the differences between
individuals of the same species. This research aims to
identify and describe the humeral head of the biceps brachial
muscle in one anatomical piece of the UniFOA’s laboratory.
The biceps is a bi articulate muscle, has two heads with
different proximal insertions and one distal insertion.
However, there is a variation of this muscle that describes a
monoarticular third head with isolated proximal insertion
located in the humerus, receiving the name of the humeral
head. We analyze all anatomic peaces of muscles of the upper
limbs in the UniFOA’s laboratory, totaling 15 There were
different genders of the bodies. With identification, the piece
was photographed and described the relationship with other
structures in the region of the humeral head. This study was
approved by the Ethics and Human Research. We found one
piece with the humeral head of the biceps brachial, equivalent
to 6.67% of the samples, below the 21% found in the South
America. The proximal insertion humeral head of the biceps
muscle was located laterally the distal insertion of the
coracobrachial muscle. We conclused that was found in the
Laboratory one humeral head of the biceps muscle, and its
proximal insertion was located in the medial aspect of the
middle third of the humerus, above the distal insertion of the
coracobrachial muscle.
IFAA2014-1-007
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Identification and description of a celiac trunk
anatomical variation in the unifoa’ anatomy
laboratory
Marcos G. S. Cunha, Paulo C. S. Azizi, Igor M.
Santos, Pedro S. Rondinelli
Anatomy, UniFOA, Volta Redonda, Brazil
*marcoscunham@hotmail.com
This work aims to describe the finding of a right hepatic
artery originated from the celiac trunk in an anatomic
specimen in the UniFOA's University Anatomy Laboratory.
In a female body dissected for visceral vascularization an
anatomical variation was observed. Visual analysis of the
anatomical specimen was performed, from the celiac artery
until the right and left hepatic arteries penetrate the liver. The
anatomical specimen presents the celiac trunk with one
proximal branch, the left gastric artery and three distal
branches: splenic artery curving to the left, common hepatic
artery and right hepatic artery, both to the right side. The
common hepatic artery dichotomized itself in the
gastroduodenal artery and proper hepatic artery that turned
left hepatic artery, directing itself to the left lobe of the liver.
The right hepatic artery is directed to the right lobe of the
liver and the Cystic artery toward the gallbladder. Based on
this research we concluded that the body studied presents an
anatomical variation of the liver irrigation being
characterized by anomalous the origin of the right hepatic
artery from the celiac trunk and the left hepatic artery was a
sequence of proper hepatic artery without dichotomization.
IFAA2014-1-008
The eponyms vessels of wearn and vessels of
thebesius are essential terms to describe the heart's
vasculature
Brett Snodgrass
*brettsnodgrass@hotmail.com
The eponym “vessels of Wearn” is the pronoun that refers to
the normal connections between the coronary arteries and
heart chambers. The eponym “vessels of Wearn” should be
used to refer to all connections between the coronary arteries
and heart chambers that encompasses the arterioluminal
vessels, arteriosinusoidal vessels, and arteriocapillary
connections.[1] Their clinical significance was highlighted in
2013 by Ahmed et al.[2] The eponym ”vessels of Thebesius”
is the pronoun that is used exclusively for communications
between the coronary veins and heart chambers.[3] Since the
term fistula indicates an abnormal connection, it should
probably not be applied to many cases that presumably
characterize the vessels of Wearn.[1,4]
Ǐ 1 ǐ Snodgrass BT. Vessels described by Thebesius and Pratt are
distinct from those described by Vieussens and Wearn. The American
Journal of Cardiology. 2012;110(1):160.
Ǐ2ǐ Ahmed AA, Snodgrass BT, Kaine S. Pulmonary atresia with intact
ventricular septum and right ventricular dependent coronary circulation
through the "vessels of Wearn". Cardiovascular Pathology
2013;22(4):298-302.
Ǐ3ǐ Singhal S, Khoury S. Images in clinical medicine. Imaging of
Thebesian venous system. The New England Journal of Medicine.
2008;359(7):e8.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
5
Ǐ4ǐ Grollman JH, Jr. Re: three major coronary artery-to-left ventricular
shunts.
IFAA2014-1-010
Art and anatomy - A potted history
Bernard J Moxham
Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff,
United Kingdom
*moxham@cardiff.ac.uk
Art has played a crucial role in developing both the scientific
and the cultural status Anatomy. In the pre-Vesalian period,
visual representation of human anatomy was inaccurate and
crude (scientifically and artistically), the primary aim being
to enforce existing knowledge, and spiritual/mystical
elements were frequently incorporated. At the Renaissance,
with increased confidence placed in direct observation,
anatomists used new artistic modes to demonstrate new
knowledge. Vesalius employed a skilled artist to promulgate
his discoveries and earlier Leonardo da Vinci depicted in
realist terms his observations that, if published, would have
made him the father of anatomy! From the Renaissance until
recent times, as our knowledge of anatomy became more
established, artists were used less for depicting new
knowledge but instead for illustrating existing discoveries as
learning tools. Consequently, images became less realistic
and more didactic and simplified. As a consequence, anatomy
became a topic of diminishing interest to fine artists so that,
since the 20th century, with the decline of life drawing within
Art Schools, depiction of the body remains important for the
Nude but of little value for anatomy. As a result, while the
science of anatomy remained unaffected, the culture of
anatomy was greatly weakened. However, in most recent
times, there was been a resurgence of interest, relating to
funding of Sci-Art projects, to postmodernist concerns, and to
using anatomy symbolically (e.g. dealing with issues relating
to mortality). Anatomists themselves should not neglect this
trend but should embrace it to further the esteem of our
discipline.
IFAA2014-1-011
Branching pattern of inferior mesentric artery in
Indian population
and a superior rectal artery. In second, the same gave a
common trunk after 2mm tetrafurcating into left colic artery
and three sigmoid arteries and main artery as superior rectal
artery. In third, it trifurcated into left colic artery, common
trunk and superior rectal artery. In fourth, Inferior Mesentric
Artery bifurcated into common trunk and main atery
bifurcated into superior rectal and sigmoid arteries. In fifth,
the same trifurcated into sigmoid, rectosigmoid and superior
rectal arteries. Left colic artery arose from superior
mesenteric artery. These branching patterns of Inferior
Mesentric Artery are unique and new. An angiographic study
to delineate pathophysiology complications related to these
variants of inferior mesenteric artery in this region is
recommended.
IFAA2014-1-012
Distances of palmar flexion creases (haustra digiti)
and digital formulae in rigth and left handed people
Rengin Kosif1, Murat diramali1, Seda Sertel2
1
Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet
Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2kemal Demir School Of
Physical Therapy And Rehabilitation, Abant Izzet Baysal
University, Bolu, Turkey
*rengink@yahoo.com
Digital flexion creases are one of the external anatomical
landmarks in the hand. In this study, we measured and
compared the distances between the digital skin creases
(haustra digiti) in the fingers of right-handed and left-handed
individuals. We also recorded the digital formulae. No
significant difference was detected between left and righthanded females and left and right handed males on distance
of skin creases (p>0.05). No difference was detected on
haustra digiti of the right handed females their own hands.
Females who use their left hand had a significantly longer
(p=0.48) distal haustra digiti segment on their second finger
than that of their right hand. However, no significant
difference was detected between male individuals on their
left and right hand all haustra digiti segments. The rate of
hand digital formulae of 3>4>2>5>1 was 78.12% in lefthanded females, 66.7% in left-handed males, 54.54%% in
right-handed females, and 78.57% in right-handed males.
IFAA2014-1-013
Rajani Singh
Morphometry of the spinal cord in fetuses
Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh,
India
*nani_sahayal@rediffmail.com
Susana N. Biasutto, Belia Altamirano, Jose Manuel
Zurita, Diego E. Trefilio
Branching pattern of inferior mesenteric artery plays very
important role in vascular supply to the left colon and
rectosigmoid areas having vascular “weak points” susceptible
to ischemic colitis subjected to colorectal surgery.
Additionally, very scanty literature is available on the
branching pattern of inferior mesenteric artery therefore; the
study has been carried out on seven formalin-embalmed
cadaveric dissections. The length, branching pattern, and
diameter of this artery were observed. Out of seven cases,
two normal pattern and five cadavers contained variant
patterns of Inferior Mesentric Artery. In first, this artery gave
a common trunk bifurcating into left colic artery and sigmoid
artery and main artery trifurcated into two sigmoid arteries
Institute and Chair of Normal Anatomy, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, National Univesity of Cordoba, Cordoba,
Argentina.
*subiasutto@gmail.com
Spinal cord (SC) measures in adults are well known. The SC
in fetuses rises inside the spinal canal due by their different
evolution. We studied 35 fetuses between 13 and 20 weeks of
gestation. Mostly of them were male (77%). The SC was
dissected and measured. The different parameters were
associated with the vertebral level and compared with the
fetal age. Length of the spinal cord varied from 59 to
108.69mm (CC=0.7898). The location of the medullary cone,
cervical and lumbosacral enlargements were determined. and
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
related to the gestational age. Cervical enlargement was
found between C1 and D1, and the lumbosacral enlargement
between D12 and L4, depending on the fetus age. Anteroposterior and transversal diameters were measured in the
bigger portions of the different segments of the cord. Both
diameters increased simultaneously only in the thoracic part.
Transversal diameters increased in a better relation with
gestational age than anterior-posterior diameters. We could
not observe any relation among the SC length and segmental
diameters. The SC was well formed in cervical and thoracic
segments but its structure was not so well determined in the
lumbosacral part. Material was sent for histological study.
IFAA2014-1-014
Fetal lobes of the kidney
Susana N. Biasutto, Jose Manuel Zurita, Belia
Altamirano
Institute and Chair of Normal Anatomy, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba,
Argentina.
*subiasutto@gmail.com
Kidney lobes are well determined in the fetal age and
disappear in adult age. They have been considered as
indicative of the degree of fetal development and are
associated to certain congenital syndromes (e.g.: BardetBiedl syndrome) with clinical implications in children and
adults. The kidney lobes were studied in number, location,
variations and relation with the calyx system. We dissected
30 fetuses between 10 and 24 weeks of gestation, mostly
female (53%). The retroperitoneum was approached by the
anterior via. In the dissected kidney the lobes were counted
and then it was cut from the lateral border to the medial one,
to study the relation with the calices. The usual number of
lobes was eight, varying from 7 to 9. There was one
horseshoe kidney with the usual number of lobes instead of
the different position. The superior pole was formed by 2
lobes in most of the cases. In 13% of the kidneys there were
no lobes and 7% of the cases had small accessory lobes.
Instead of the differences, the calyx structure and distribution
was conserved and directly related to the lobes when they
were evident.
IFAA2014-1-015
Anatomical variability of the medial
pterygopalatine fossa
Georgy A. Polev1, Sergey S. Dydykin2
1
Department of Rhinology, Federal State Scientific-Clinical
ENT Center, Moscow, Russian Federation; 2Department of
Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, I.M. Sechenov
First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*polev_gor@mail.ru
To describe the anatomical variability of the medial
pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) structures during cadaveric
dissection via endoscopic endonasal approach. 20 noninjected fresh cadaveric specimens are dissected bilaterally
via the endonasal endoscopic approach. 40 medial PPF
regions are described. The distances between the vidian canal
(VC) and palatovaginal canal (PVC) orifices are measured
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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and the mean length of the PVC is estimated. The distances
between VC orifice and foramen rotundum (FR) are
measured. The mean distance between PVC and VC orifices
equaled 2.6 mm and the mean length of the PVC was 6.4
mm. The mean length of the palatine bone sphenoid process
is 7.2 mm, which is equal to the distance between the greater
palatine neurovascular bundle and the PVC cranial orifice.
The mean distance between the VC orifice and FR is 4.6 mm.
Moreover in 11 out of 40 cases no bony ridge was found
between these two structures. There is a growing interest in
pterygopalatine fossa anatomical variability among
endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeons. Vidian nerve
(nerve of pterygoid canal) is currently known as a stable
anatomical landmark to petrous portion of internal carotid
artery. During the past decade new endoscopic transpterygoid
approach to the sphenoid sinus lateral recess, cavernous
sinus, petrous apex and Meckel’s cave is described. The
anatomical variability of PPF structures must be considered
during these skull base procedures.
IFAA2014-1-016
Body donation in Europe
Beat M. Riederer
Plateform of Morphology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine,
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
*beat.riederer@unil.ch
In recent years, the practice of body donations across Europe
has been summarized by the TEPARG (Eur.J.Anat. 8:1-24,
2008 & 16:1-33, 2012). Such practice differs and is
influenced by legal cultural and religious aspects as well as
by tradition. In many medical faculties dissection of human
bodies is considered essential to obtain specific anatomical
knowledge during propaedeutic education, but also to acquire
the mental strength to approach a human body and to deal
with death. Cadavers are also important for postgraduate
training, surgical master classes, to learn radiological
techniques, or to test and validate novel surgical procedures,
devices and prosthesis. In several universities donations have
increased to a level that donations have to be refused because
of lacking storage space. This requires a rethinking how to
use bodies and to honor the act of donation. In Switzerland
and other EU countries an exchange of cadavers and body
parts is common at national level. Yet, bodies could be
exported to other countries where body donations are sparse
or are restricted by law; requiring specific legal conditions to
avoid commercial abuse and to define responsibilities for
bodies or body parts. Thus at international level an exchange
of cadavers for anatomical teaching and medical research
may need a better regulation.
IFAA2014-1-017
Morphofunctional study of local, sex- and agerelated peculiarities of human normal kidney’s
blood vessels
Maia Dgebuadze1, Dudana Gachechiladze2, Dimitri
Kordzaia3
1
Department of Human Normal Anatomy of Tbilisi State
Medical University, Tbilisi Georgia; 2Research Institute of
Clinical Medicine, Tbilisi, Georgia;3Department of Clinical
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7
Anatomy and Operative Surgery.
*illusion_ia2001@yahoo.com
strain distribution and functional demands of the growing
immature mandible.
In the present study using injection, histological,
histochemical and morphometric methods the investigation of
blood vessels of 58 autopsic kidneys of healthy people of
both sexes at I and II periods of maturity (from 21 to 60 years
of age) was performed. Using Doppler renal investigation of
arteries in color duplex scan mode and multislice computed
tomographic angiography vital study of 98 kidneys of
patients without renal diseases at the same age periods were
also conducted. Original data about number, size, course and
branching of the renal arteries were obtained. By comparison
of the results of study of right and left renal blood flow in
kidneys with a single renal artery statistically significant
differences were not determined; no differences were found
in the morphological structure and quantitative parameters of
hemodynamics of different renal segments. In segments with
aberrant renal artery certain peculiarities of the
angioarchitectonics and evidence of hypovascularity were
detected. Increasing with aging structural changes of blood
vessels were often observed in male autopsic kidneys; these
changes have mosaic character. By intravital investigation
sex-related peculiarities of age involution of renal vasculature
were not revealed.
IFAA2014-1-018
Changes in the bony architecture of the mental
region of the immature human mandible
Erin F. Hutchinson1, Beverley Kramer1, Jules A.
Kieser2
IFAA2014-1-019
An enlarged model of intestinal villosity in papiermaché by Jérome Auzoux, 19th century
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Baptiste, A
Gllot2, Patrick J. Barbet3
1
Versailles university, UFR S3V, Department of Anatomy,
Montigny le Bretonneux, France; 2Librairie scientifique
Alain Brieux/Gillot, rue Jacob, Paris 6ème, France;
3
Université Paris Descartes, Scool of Medicine, Department
of anatomy.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An enlarged anatomical model of an intestinal villosity had
been realized in papier-maché by a french, medical doctor
Jérome AUZOUX (19th century) who was specialized in
human, animal and vegetal models of anatomy in this
uncommon material which were enlarged and dismantled.
The villosity was about 30 cm high and was fixed on a
rectangular, black, wooden basis with the label of Auzoux.
Two main vessels : a small artery and a vein of the same
cabler structured the sample on each side of a villosity shaped
as a half cone. The sagittal plane was bordered by the
drawing of the cells. Between the artery and the vein,
numerous transverse anastomoses were represented. This
model was quite simple in the production of Auzoux but it
was a successful assay to represent a structure quite at an
histological level of enlargement.
1
School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 2Sir John Walsh
Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand.
*erin.hutchinson@wits.ac.za
IFAA2014-1-020
Pyramidalis muscle (abdominal) exceptional case of
a colombian population sample. the longest in the
word reported.
While the macroscopic development of the mental region in
age estimation of juveniles has been extensively studied, few
studies have focused on describing its morphology. Because
of the importance of knowledge of growth in this region to an
understanding of the phylogenetic development of the chin,
as well as to clinical orthodontics, our aim was to describe
the internal and external architecture of the mental region in
immature mandibles. Our sample consisted of 60 paediatric
mandibles ranging in age from 20-40 gestational weeks, 01yr, 1-2yrs, 2-3yrs and 3-4yrs sourced from the Johannesburg
Forensic Paediatric Collection and Raymond A. Dart
Collection of Human Skeletons. Mandibles were scanned
using a Nikon XTH 225 ST Micro-focus x-ray tomography
system (100Kv and 100ma), with a slice thickness of 30
microns. Scans were analyzed using VG studio max v2.2.
Measurements assessed the height and depth of the basal
bone relative to the dental crypt. The density and trabecular
arrangement were documented across the mental
interforaminal width of the mandible. Quantitative
assessments included the geometric mean (ANOVA) and
linear correlation analyses. Higher bone densities were
identified along the lingual surface of the mandible and
inferior border of dental crypt with a corresponding uniform
trabecular arrangement in these areas. Bone density and
trabecular arrangement provided valuable insights into the
Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra, Jhon Barco Ríos, Jose
Fernando Marín
Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
Colombia.
*jduqueparra@yahoo.com.mx
The pyramidalis muscle in humans is inconstant, its
topographically between the adomen and pelvis; lower region
from the pubis to the linea alba. Although it is an inconstant
muscle, is important in the surgical field, especially during
anterior adomino-pelvic pelvic incisions. To assess the length
of the pyramidalis muscle of the abdomen in a Colombian
population sample. 35 bodies were dissected incising the
abdominal and pelvic region, dissecting the sheath of the
rectus abdominis muscle. Then the existence of the pyramidal
muscle of the abdomen was observed and proceeded to
measure its length. Results: the average value of the length of
the pyramidalis muscle was on the right side 7.0 cm and on
the left side 7.12 cm. Exception was found in an individual
with two pyramidal muscles of the abdomen of equal length
(13.0 cm), outstanding for its great anatomical variation that
exceeds the maximum length referenced in the literature.
Conclusion: the pyramidal muscle of abdomen longer
reported in the literature was observed in this population
sample with a measurement of 13.0 cm. The pyramidalis
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
8
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
muscle of the abdomen should be considered in abdominopelvic surgery wall, as it helps to strengthen the integrity of
the anterior portion of this region, that can be altered during
the course of supra- pubic incision.
IFAA2014-1-021
Hora Hora
Sathyamurthy B, Balakrishna, Pavan Sisodia
*pavan_kapeesh@rediffmail.com
was probably prepared late in the 19th century. The CT-scan
was a Siemens Somatom definition AS one with 64 bars. The
acquisition was performed with an helicoidal mode, then
reconstructions of the cross-sections were obtained in the
horizontal (orbito-meatal = Frankfurt’s plane) : 259 ; frontal :
364 and sagittal planes : 212. External view under several
incidences : 14 were also reconstructed. The two pieces were
tied by a vegetal rope allowing an aperture of 30 degrees. The
teeth were tied at their collar by a thin string. Each tooth was
entire and present in its place. The anatomical, topographical
and architectural data were very numerous. We acknowledge
Mrs Domenica Scalisi and Mr Alain Piffault.
No word.
IFAA2014-1-024
IFAA2014-1-022
An adult osseous head in the hippopotamus :
Seriated, frontal ct-scan and reconstructions
Body donation in Africa
Amadi O. Ihunwo
Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
*Amadi.Ihunwo@wits.ac.za
Dissection of the human cadaver remains an essential part of
most curricular in anatomical sciences. However, several
factors have been associated cadaver acquisition depending
on the location of the medical school. Within the African
continent, with 54 countries, there are several challenges as
you interact with an anatomy department. In most countries a
formal body donor or bequest programme does not exist
except in South Africa. Unclaimed bodies are received by
Anatomy departments by an act of Ministries of Health which
provide the legal framework that predominate the acquisition
and dissection of human cadavers. From my experiences,
lack of cadavers is influenced by religious beliefs especially
in some Medical schools located in predominantly Moslem
environment. This is true from West Africa to East Africa
(Uganda, Kenya). The peculiar experiences of a country
could also affect body donation such as Rwanda after the
genocide. In South Africa, the multi-ethnic nature of the
population seems to have provided an advantage in its body
donation. At Wits Medical School, our body donation
programme remains successful especially from South
Africans of European origin, hence the continued emphasis
on dissection in our anatomy curriculum. A review of reports
from some other African countries is also discussed.
IFAA2014-1-023
A gorilla’s adult head skeleton : seriated ct-scan
and reconstructions
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2, Jeanaptiste Gillot3
1
Anatomy LURA, Université deVersailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2CIMOP, Radiology,
Clinique du Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, France; 3Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris, 6ème, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
One osseous head of a gorilla (tied cranium and mandible)
were CT-scanned every 1 mm in the frontal plane. The
osseous head was 28,4 cm long. The adulte male specimen
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2, JeanBaptiste Gillot3
1
Anatomy LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2CIMOP, Radiology,
Clinique du Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, France; 3Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris, 6ème, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The cranium and the mandible of an hippopotamus were
separately CT-scanned every 1 mm in the frontal plane. The
CT-scan was a Siemens Somatom definition AS one with 64
bars. The acquisition was performed by an helicoidal mode.
628 cross-sections were obtained for the cranium and 669 for
the mandible. About 20 reconstructions were realized. They
brougth several external views under numerous incidences
some of which would had been difficult to get from the dry
bones as they were very large and voluminous. The
morphological data were very numerous especially for the
study of the dental apparatus and of the intra-cranial cavity.
IFAA2014-1-025
An ancient, anatomical manikin of a pregnant
woman in ivory by stefan Zick (1639-1715)
Patrice P. Le Floh-Prigent1, Jean-Baptiste Gillot2
1
Anatomy, Versailles University, Montigny Le Bretonneux,
FRANCE; 2Librairie scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris
6ème, France
.* patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An ancient sample of a pregnant woman made in ivory
belonging to the scientific library Alain Brieux/Gillot (Paris
6th) was studied. It was compared to a similar manikin from
the National Academy of Medicine in Paris. It was smaller
(12 cm long) and anatomically less precise than the
academy’s one with an absence of intestinal shield and uterus
and a lack of any vascular representation. The hair, the
rendering of the upper limbs with a small horizontal axis of
rotation, the lower limbs and the fœtus were very similar. A
flat pillow with a finely worked border and a wooden basis
with four ivory legs on which a lid in the shape of a
sarcophagus were noticeable differences. It could be possibly
attributed to Stefan Zick (1639-1715) from Nuremberg or to
his workshop.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
9
IFAA2014-1-026
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
Osseous head in canis canis (bulldog): seriated CTscan and reconstructions
Patrice P. Le Floh-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2
1
Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2CIMOP, radiology,
Clinique du Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The osseous head of an adult bulldog (Canis canis) was CTscan in the frontal plane (Siemens, 64 bars). The cranium was
laid on the table of examination with its longitudinal axis
superimposed to the table's one; the orbito-meatal (Frankfurt)
plane was parallel to the table's horizontal plane. The head
was 15,4 cm long. Several reconstructions were realized from
the native cross-sections with an average density. The crosssections in the three planes were then reconstructed with a
high resolution, a thickness of 0,75 mm and an interval of 0,6
mm. 257 cross-sections were obtained in the frontal plane,
132 in the para-sagittal plane, and 158 in the horizontal plane.
The cross-sections were analyzed. The seriated CT-scans of
the entire and connected cranium and mandible in the dog in
the three planes of the space brought a great accuracy in he
analysis of the shape of the bones, of their achitecture of their
volumes and of their relationships. This method is now
unvaluable in the osseous morphological studies of the
complex structures in every field of gross-anatomy.
IFAA2014-1-027
Adult dog : CT-scan and reconstructions of an
osseous cranium
Patrice P. Le Floh-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux; 2CIMOP, radiology, Clinique du
Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, FRANCE
* patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The osseous cranium of a dog of unknown age and race had
been systematically CT-scanned in the frontal plane. The
cranium was laid on the apparatus’ table, its longitudinal axis
aligned with the table’s one and the orbito-meatal plane
parallel to the plane’s table. The length of the cranium was
18,5 cm. Several reconstructions were obtained from the
native crosss-sections with an average density. The crosssections in the three planes : frontal, para-sagittal and
horizontal ones were reconstructed from the frontal, native
cross-sections using an high resolution with a thickness of
0,75 mm and an interval of 0,6 mm. 308 frontal, 170 parasagittal, and 125 horizontal cross-sections were analyzed. The
seriated CT-scan of an entire cranium in the dog, in the three
planes of the space gave great possiblities of analysis in all
the kind of bones, for the architectural rendering, their
volumes and relationships. This method is now unvaluable in
the morphological analysis of the complicated, osseous
structures.
IFAA2014-1-028
An anatomical model in plaster of the trunk : BIAS
of the middle of the 20th century
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Baptiste Gillot2
A polychromic plaster represented the main viscera of the
trunk, the visceral axis of the neck and the arterial and venous
structures of the proximal part of the limbs. the superficial
vessels of the scalp mainly the veins were represented. The
anatomical structures were well represented but in a quite
simple manner; so probably this object was made for the
secondary schools more than for an use in the schools of
medicine. the dimensions of the basis were 94 x 48,5 x1,4 cm
and the model was 88 cm high. The manufacturer was BIAS
in France probably on the middle of the 19th century
IFAA2014-1-029
Gross anatomy of pronator quadratus muscle in
Saguinus leucopus
Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra, Vélez García Juan
Fernando, Verónica Duque Quintero
*jduqueparra@yahoo.com.mx
The white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) is a
neotropical primate, endemic and monotypic of Colombia,
whose body posture and quadrupedal locomotion let him get
around mainly with jumps and also, let him adhere to
branches and trunks of trees. These primates depend of fruits
and thus must climb, as well as to explore their various
recesses, requiring behaviors and position to manipulate, and
eating food and escape of potential predators, behaviors that
are the final result of the integration of muscle contractions.
Therefore, the study of animal locomotion is essential for the
understanding of its adaptation, which is derived from
locomotor system, which includes support forearm bone,
thereby characterizing anatomy of pronator quadratus muscle
can provide relevant information for understanding the
primates in the diverse and complex ways to understand their
relationship with the function of pronation that it is necessary
in locomotion.
IFAA2014-1-030
Pre-clinical testing of a novel root - form implant
for use as a minimally invasive approach to
replacing teeth
LA Opperman1, ED Kontogiorgos2, P Gharpure1, EO
Iheanacho3, CJ Gonzales3
1
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University
Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas; 2Department of
Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College
of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas; 3Dental Student, Texas A&M
University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
*lopperman@bcd.tamhsc.edu
To obtain in-vivo proof of concept that using a Marylandtype bridge as a splint provides stability for a root-form
implant and allows it to integrate similar to a control device.
Methods: Six beagle dogs were subjected to a cone beam
scan and silicone impressions were taken. Impressions and
radiographs were used to custom-make root-form
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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10
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
REPLICATE™ Tooth implants and crowns (RTI). Molars
(P4) in the mandible and premolars (P3) in the maxilla were
extracted and 24 RTI immediately placed in extraction
sockets. Splint extensions of the crowns were bonded to
mesial and distal teeth. As controls, twelve mandibular M2
molars were extracted and 3X8.5 mm DENTSPLY XiVE®
implants (DXI) were immediately placed. Animals were
placed on a soft diet post-surgery. Weekly intra-oral photos
and radiographs were taken, calcein (C) and alizarin red (AR)
flurochrome labels were injected intraperitoneally at 35 (C),
21 (AR) and 7 (C) days prior to sacrifice at 4 months.
Measurements included clinical implant stability, vertical
pull-out forces, loss of vertical bone height, bone-to-implant
contact (BIC) percentage and mineral apposition rates (MAR)
from undecalcified sections. Results: Pull-out forces were
366.7+182.8 N for RTI. Average vertical bone loss, BIC and
MAR were not significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: 100% of RTI with intact splints showed
clinically successful integration similar to DXI, and are ready
for clinical testing. This research was sponsored by an
unrestricted grant from Natural Dental Implants, Inc., Dallas,
TX.
IFAA2014-1-031
*medun91@mail.ru
In this research was studied the density of localization of
lymphoid cells in human trachea in postnatal ontogenesis.
Objects of research were lymphoid structures of wall of
trachea obtained from 72 corpses of both sexes. Results have
shown that the density of localization of lymphoid cells at
upper third of tracheal wall is maximal at early children's age.
Further this index in comparison with early childhood at
teenagers decreases in 1.14 times in 1st period of mature age
- in 1.24 times, at senile age - in 2.08 times. At middle third
of tracheal wall the density of localization of cells of the
diffuse lymphoid tissue in early childhood in 1.46 times is
more, than at newborns. This index in comparison with early
childhood at teenage age decreases in 1.02 times, in 1st
period of mature age - in 1.33 times, at senile age - in 2.66
times. At inferior third of tracheal wall this index in the early
childhood in 1.55 times is more in comparison with
newborns. In comparison with the period of early childhood
this index at teenagers decreases in 1.14 times, in 1st period
of mature age - in 1.26 times, at senile age - in 3.52 times.
IFAA2014-1-033
Anatomy in multidisciplinary research teams
Sexual distinctions of the craniometrical indexes of
the infraorbital foramen in human orbit
LA Opperman
Vagif Bilas Shadlinsky, Nigar Adil Mustafayeva
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University
Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
*lopperman@bcd.tamhsc.edu
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*medun91@mail.ru
To demonstrate how multidisciplinary research teams
including anatomists work with small businesses to develop
new devices and drugs. Three examples of companies
working with faculty members at Texas A&M University
Baylor College of Dentistry (TAMBCD) are given:
Periosciences, LLC testing AOProvantage gel, Primus
Consulting testing Quickset as a new endodontic material,
and Natural Dental Implants LLC (NDI) testing a new
Replicate™ Tooth implant. The Periosciences sponsored a
research team comprised a chemist, a periodontal surgeon, an
anatomist specializing in gingival soft tissues and an
anatomist specializing in bone development and repair. The
Primus Research team comprises several endodontists, a
chemist, a molecular biologist/physiologist, and an anatomist
specializing in bone development and repair. The research
has been funded through SBIR Phase I and Phase II
subcontracts. The NDI sponsored research team comprises 2
restorative dentists, an anatomist specializing in bone
biomechanics, and an anatomist specializing in bone
development and repair. Conclusion: Dental Schools are
fertile environments for doing preclinical research with direct
commercialization potential. Anatomists are key members of
these multidisciplinary research teams.
In this work the sexual features of the dimensional indexes of
the infraorbital foramen on human orbit were studied. As
material for research were served 31 human skulls of mature
age. Results of research have shown that this distance at men
more than at women at the right on 15.2% and at the left on
13,9 %. At women - the distance on the right is 6.7±0,2 mm,
on the left – 6.8±0.2 mm. Distance between the infraorbital
foramen and nasolateral point at men more than at women at
the right on 15.3% and at the left on 4.8%. Distance between
the infraorbital foramen and supraorbital notch ¬ at men more
than at women at the right on 4.2% (1.8 mm), at the left on
4.8% (2.1 mm). At men the distance size on the right is on
the average 41.6±0.3 mm, on the left – 43.7±0.3 mm; at
women - on the right 40.8±0.4 mm, on the left – 41.6±0.3
mm. Distance between the infraorbital foramen and the base¬
of the alveolar process at men more than at women at the
right on 0.3 mm (1.7%), at the left on 0.4 mm (2.3%). On the
average distance at men 17.5±0,5 mm on the right and
17.7±0.4 mm on the left; at women - on the right 17.2±0.6
mm, on the left 17.3±0.6 mm. The distance between the
infraorbital and zygomaticofacial foramens on the right varies
from 12.2 mm to 30.0 mm, is on the average 24.3±0.2 mm,
on the left varies from 9.5 mm to 30.0 mm, on the average –
26.9±0.3 mm.
IFAA2014-1-032
Density of the localization of lymphoid cells in
various parts of the trachea at humans of different
age
Balakishi Mamedali Huseynov
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
IFAA2014-1-034
Comparative study of the ramification patterns of
the subclavian branches as the subclavian artery
passes in front or behind the scalenus anterior
muscle
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
11
Mamoru Uemura1, Fumihiko Suwa1, Akimichi
Takemura1, Isumi Toda1, Ayaka Morishita1, Hiroichi
Orihara1, Yi-Ru Fang2
quantity maintenance of lymphoid cells in their structure and
in diffuse lymph tissue increases maximum at the age of 1-3
years. Then the gradual involution the lymphoid tissue
occurs. During the all postnatal ontogenesis the quantity of
lymphoid cells, the length, width and area of the lymphoid
nodules increase in the upper-lower direction. After the
course influence with the bituminoid and iodine-bromine
baths the structural characteristics of lymphoid tissue
progress, but after the strong sulphidic baths regress.
1
Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, 8-1
Kuzuhahanazono-cho Hirakata-shi Osaka 573-1121 Japan
2
Department of Oriental Medicine, Osaka Dental University,
8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho Hirakata-shi Osaka 573-1121
Japan
.* mamoru-u@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp
IFAA2014-1-036
We investigated the ramification patterns of four subclavian
branches (i.e., vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery,
thyrocervical trunk, and costocervical trunk) as the
subclavian artery passes in front or behind the scalenus
anterior muscle. The investigation was carried out on 56
cadavers (112 cases) during student dissection practice
sessions at Osaka Dental University. In 110 of the 112 cases,
the subclavian artery passed behind the scalenus anterior
muscle. The pattern of ramification of the subclavian
branches in these cases was classified into six types (types
A–F). In the remaining two cases (two cadavers), the
subclavian artery passed in front of the scalenus anterior
muscle. In both of these latter cases, the pattern of
ramification of the subclavian branches differed from the six
pattern types observed as the subclavian artery passed behind
the scalenus anterior muscle: the first branch was the
vertebral artery; the second, the costocervical trunk; the third,
the thyrocervical trunk; the fourth, the internal thoracic
artery. This same pattern of ramification was observed in
three previously reported cases (two cadavers) in which the
subclavian artery passed in front of the scalenus anterior
muscle. Taken together, these observations indicate that the
ramification pattern reported here and in a previous
investigation for the subclavian artery passing in front of the
scalenus anterior muscle is characteristic of this anatomical
condition.
IFAA2014-1-035
Microanatomical features the lymphoid structures
of the urinary bladder
Vagif Bilas Shadlinsky, Gulgiz Agahasan Huseynova
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*gulqiz65@mail.ru
Morpho-functional features of vascular-stromal
complex of thyroid gland at euthyreoid goiter
Vagif Bilas Shadlinsky, Guney Musa Ganieva
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*medun91@mail.ru
Results of investigation have shown that histological features
of thyroid gland at euthyrosis consist of hyperplasia of
structurally-stromal components. At nodal goiter there is
expressed heterogenic structure of stroma. In some cases
microfollicular structures, branching stretch, directed to
follicle lumen are formed. Local lymphoid infiltration
without germinative centres is characteristic. Capillary
network is thickly, especially in areas of lymphoid infiltration
it is closely contact to lymphoid cells. Electronic microscopy
has shown that in euthyroid pathological form of thyroid
gland the both the ultrastructural components of stroma and
parenchyme change. Connective tissue stroma of thyroid
gland in interfollicular trabecules was particularly or
completely hyalinized. Separate fibrills of collagen fibres are
thick, particularly or completely lose structure, homogenized
and break up. Their structure in some places is saved, though
interfibrillar spaces are dilated. Studying of thyroid gland at
various forms of activity of organ distinctive relations of
parenchyme and stroma have revealed. In formation of these
relations a certain role has microcirculatory bed. It is possible
that the stimulation fact of angiogenesis and formations of
stroma. For nodal euthyroid and other forms of goiter are
characteristic high degree of angiogenesis with formation of
vessels of closing type, fibrosis and hyalinosis of stroma.
IFAA2014-1-037
The aim of the research is studying of structural
characteristics and morphogenesis of lymphoid structures of
the urinary bladder at the human in postnatal ontogenesis and
in experiment at action various balneal factors. Lymphoid
structures have been investigated by macro-microscopical
methods at 82 humans, by the microscopical method at 86
humans. Experimentally-morphological part of work carried
out on genitally mature pedigreed 60 white rats-males 3-4
monthly ages (30 rats – experiment, 30 rats – control), weight
180-200 gr. The rats received iodide-bromine, weakmineralized bituminoid and strong sulfide baths. As a result
of complex morphological research of lymphoid structures of
the urinary bladder in different sex and age humans, have
been revealed laws of their morphogenesis, features of the
anatomy of these formations are described. Their structural
transformations in postnatal ontogenesis, regional and
individual structural characteristics are analyzed. The
quantity and the sizes of lymphoid nodules, the absolute
About regional variability of the area of a holes
excretory duct pharyngeal glands in human
Vagif Bilas Shadlinsky, Tarana Mubariz Gasimova
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*elnurgasimov@rambler.ru
We had been investigated the regional variability of area of a
excretory duct holes of pharyngeal glands as a whole, on its
cross-section cut in walls of different parts at human of
various age. The data was received using the macromicroscopical method by Sinelnikov and other histological
methods. Results of researches have shown that the given
parameter at newborns children in walls of the top third parts
in 1.1 times is less, than an average third of this organ, and in
1.2 times it is less, than in the lower third parts. At early
children's age this parameter at glands in walls of the top
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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12
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
third parts in 1.3 times is less, than at glands located in walls
of its lower third. At teenagers of a area of excretory duct
holes of pharyngeal glands at the top third parts to similarly
its value in an average third of wall and in 1.1 times is less
than, excretory duct in comparison with distal third of this
organ. In the first period of mature age the considered
indicator at glands excretory duct in the top third parts in 1.1
times is less, than in its average third, and in comparison with
the lower third of this organ, in 1.2 times it is less. At senile
age the pharyngeal area at the top third parts it is almost
similar to its value in average and lower thirds of this organ.
IFAA2014-1-038
Several similarities with a dismantabled temporal bone and
signed by an american manufacturer : CLAY-ADAMS
allowed to attribute the osseous model to this craftman with a
quite certitude. The date of creation was estimated between
1930 and 1960.
IFAA2014-1-040
Features of vascularization and angioarchitectonics
of medullary and solid forms of the mammary
gland cancer at human
Elchin Akbar Khidirov
Change features of microcirculation of
ɫardiomyocytes and skeletal muscles at single
physical loading
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*medun91@mail.ru
Agasamid Babasamid Isayev
Result of research is revealed that for medullary forms of
cancer with considerable quantity of loose stroma diversity of
vascular drawing is characteristic. Basically there are
neogenic vessels chaotically scattered among the
conglomerates and stretching, consisting of cancer cells in
tumor. The caliber of these vessels widely varies. Together
with big sinusoid capillaries, the capillaries of small caliber
are found also. Endothelial covering of them is presented by
the cuboidal cells containing round nuclei. In separate fields
the infiltration of tumor cells into a vascular lumen is marked.
The angioarchitectonics of solid forms of cancer basically is
similar to angioarchitectonics of medullary tumor forms. It is
necessary to consider that in solid forms of cancer there are
more neogenic vessels like capillaries, with rarely big
dimension which wall is formed by cancer cells. It is
observed the intensive proliferation of endotheliocytes which
display the expression of the marker of angiogenesis - ɋD31.
It is not enough or absent the avascular fields in tumor. There
are few number of non-forming vessels in tumour, but if are
found they are in stage of destruction and elimination. Thus,
the
character,
degree
of
vascularization
and
angioarchitectonics of cancer depend (and can and are
defined) from a tumor histogenesis (lobular, ductular) and
from the histological form of cancer.
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*agasamid_isayev@mail.ru
Results of the ultrastructural analysis of ɫardiomyocytes have
shown that the research of microcirculatory bed of
myocardium at single long-swiming has revealed a
variegation of changes at animals of preadolescent and senile
age. The acute oedema of cytoplasm in endotheliocytes of
vessels, narrowing of lumen and desolate of capillaries was
marked. Endothelial cells of vessels were swelled, bulked up,
contacts between them are relaxed. Significant disorders of
microcirculation at single-maximal loading were observed
also in soleus muscle. The lumen of small arteries and veins
in places has been dilated, in places is narrowed. The lumen
of capillaries is overlaped by erythrocytes or oedematous
endotheliocytes, especially by perinuclear field. By research
it is revealed that foregoing is accompanied by increases of
percent of the amount of "light" endothelial cells in 4.48
times at p<0,001 (2.1±0.05% in control, 9.4±2.3% in
experiment). Decreasing of energy potential of
endotheliocytes and transferring of some endothelial cells
after the hypertrophy to the rest state. It confirms by
quantitative analysis according to which the statistically
authentic decreases of quantity of "dark" endothelial cells
from total number of endotheliocytes in a section (2.7±0.08
% in control and 1.5±0.07 % in experiment).
IFAA2014-1-039
A dismantabled , osseous head of regional
presentations: CLAY-ADAMS, in the middle of the
20th century
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Baptiste Gillot2
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A dismantabled, osseous head presented the maxillary,
mandibular, frontal and temporal regions artificially prepared
to expone their different elements. The main vascular
elements inside the cranial vault and basis were also
represented. The set constituted a very unusual preparation.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
IFAA2014-1-041
A half-écorché by Jules TALRICH (1826-1904): an
anatomical model in plaster in anterior view
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Bernard Gillot2
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An anatomical model in plaster represented a half-écorché on
its anterior aspect. The sample measured 97 x 37 x 18 cm for
its plaster basis and 87 x 34 x 11,5 cm for the anatomical
part: this was about the half-size. The anatomical
representation was the anterior aspect of an adult male in a
supine position. The head, neck, trunk, lower and inferior
limbs were represented with their muscles dissected. The
dissection was asymmetrical, especially at the level of the
limbs. This model was very descriptive with an aesthetical
rendering. A metallic label was sticked in the plaster at the
level of the right knee with the name of Talrich. The plaster
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
13
was colored in brown with some nuances. The anatomical
production in plaster and wax of Jules Talrich (1826-1904)
was abundant and noticeable. It was frequently dramatic and
interested not only the anatomical field but also the historical
and forensic ones.
IFAA2014-1-042
The use of a digital site (Vizua) in the teaching of
the gross-anatomy by the students of the School of
Medicine S3V (University of Versailles)
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Chloé Vaniet2, Omar
Bouhelal2, Sylvain Ordureau2
1
A half-écorché by Jules TALRICH (1826-1904): An
anatomical model in plaster in posterior view
Anatomy LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Vizua, CUSP, 45 rue
des Saints Pères, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Bernard Gillot2
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An anatomical model in plaster represented a half-écorché on
its posterior aspect. The sample measured 97 x 37 x 14 cm
for its plaster basis: this was about the half-size. The
anatomical representation was the posterior aspect of an adult
male in a prone position with the left hand laid on the
cranium. The head, neck, trunk, lower and inferior limbs
were represented with their muscles dissected. The dissection
was asymmetrical, especially at the level of the limbs. This
model was very descriptive with an aesthetical rendering. A
metallic label was sticked in the plaster at the level of the left
hip with the name of Talrich. The plaster was colored in
brown with some nuances. The anatomical production in
plaster and wax of Jules Talrich (1826-1904) was abundant
and noticeable. It was frequently dramatic and interested not
only the anatomical field but also the historical and forensic
ones. We thanks Mrs Domenica Scalisi and Mr Alain
Piffault.
IFAA2014-1-043
3D printing (Vizua) in the teaching of grossanatomy
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Chloé Vaniet2, Omar
Bouhelal2, Sylvain Ordureau2
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; 2Vizua: 45 rue
des Saints Pères, Paris 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The creation of gross-anatomical models has always
presented two major difficulties : the veracity and the
material. Nowadays the 3D printing is quite easy to got and
this two pitfalls can be successfully avoided as the anatomical
models can be realized from series of joined CT-scanned
cross-sections of real anatomical objects : bones, vascular
injections, real organs or from normal CT-scans from
radiological examinations. By theses means are performed
samples in resin for the oral surgical training where the
arteries can be figured in red. The isolated or connected
bones can be reproduced in life size but also at any choosen
size: enlarged for the isolated bones of the head or of the
face, or reduced for the pelvic girdle, for instance. The heart
can be reproduced with its real coronary vascularisation. The
applications are very numerous in human and in comparative
gross-anatomy. The only limit is the imagination.
Since four years, the students in gross-anatomy of the S3V
School of Medicine (Versailles university) followed an
initiation on a digital site (Vizua) during their dissections’
laboratories. This short course was done in small groups (15
students). The site included numerous demonstrations of
digitalized reconstructions of isolated organs, regions (thorax,
abdomen, pelvis) and of cerebral vascularization. Osseous
reconstructions were available. After registration, all the data
were in free access for man and for some other vertebrates as
well. The students of the school of medicine were well
interested and regularly used the site on the web
(www.vizua3d.com) in the following years noticing the new
contributions.
IFAA2014-1-045
CT-scan of a naturalized turtle
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2, JeanBernard Gillot3
1
Anatomy LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; 2Radiology CIMOP,
Clinique Bizet, Paris 16ème, France; 3Librairie scientifique
Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris, 6ème, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
One naturalized turtle belonged from 50 years to the
scientific library Gillot-Brieux (Paris 6ème). It was examined
by one high resolution CT-scan (CIMOP-Bizet, Paris).
Several reconstructions were performed. Only the visceral
cavity had been emptied; the neck, head and legs had been
preserved in their whole. The dorsal shell did not belonged to
the naturalized specimen as it was larger than the true one,
underneath and laid sligthly desaxed on the highest part of
the true specimen which was only preserved. This strange set
was discovered just before the CT-scan with the cut of two
iron wires which fixed the apparent dorsal shell. The CT-scan
afforded a lot of morphological data on the remnant natural
parts of this chelonian.
IFAA2014-1-046
The anatomical relationship of Asterion and
Transverse-Sigmoid venous junction from 100
cadavers
Sawaschai Lim, Ake Hansasuta
Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine Ramathibodi hospital, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand .
*ake2296@gmail.com
IFAA2014-1-044
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
14
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
To study the anatomical relationship of Asterion and
Transverse-Sigmoid venous junction. 100 adult formalineprepared cadavers were dissected. Each skull was studied by
drilling at Asterion on both sides. The skull entry, from inside
the skull, were measured related to lower border of transverse
sinus groove (as X-coordinate) and the line perpendicularly
which pass the transverse-sigmoid junction (as Y-coordinate).
The transverse sinus width was also measured. The locations
of entry to skull were divided into 5 areas (posterior fossa, on
transverse sinus, above transverse sinus, on transverse
sigmoid complex, and above transverse sigmoid complex).
For the left side, 35% of entries were located on posterior
fossa, 55% on and 3% above transverse sinus while 6% on
and 1% above transverse sigmoid complex. For the right side,
39% of entries were located on posterior fossa, 48% on and
2% above transverse sinus while 8% on and 3% above
transverse sigmoid complex. And for left and right sides, the
mean distance from entry to transverse sigmoid junction were
7.66mm.(SD 6.96) and 5.57mm. (SD 6.86) respectively.
IFAA2014-1-047
Sirenomelia : A Case Report
Pavan kumar Sisodia, Balakrishna , Sathyamurthy B
*pavan_kapeesh@yahoo.co.in
Sirenomelia is also known as Mermaid syndrome.
Sirenomelia is a very rare fatal congenital anomaly of
sirenomelia sequence with fusion and atrophy of lower limbs,
giving an appearance of human head and upper body with tail
of a fish. The associated malformation comprises of
anorectal, vertebral, urological, genital, and lower limb
anomalies. This condition is found approximately in
1:1,00,000 live births with unknown etiology. Depending on
the degree of fusion of lower limb and development of feet
sirenomelia is distinguished in 3 forms- , sympus monopus,
sympus dipus and sympus apus. Here we present a case of
sympus monopus born to a 30 year old woman. The live baby
was delivered at 34 weeks of gestation with fused lower
limbs. The neonate did not survive this lethal abnormality
and died after four and half hours of life. We examined the
fetus in light of available data from medical literature and
discuss the embryological origin of such severe form of
caudal dysgenesis.
IFAA2014-1-048
Continuation of great cardiac vein as coronary
sinus.
Pavan kumar SIsodia, Balakrishna , Sathyamurthy B
*pavan_kapeesh@yahoo.co.in
Less attention has been paid to the anatomy of coronary
venous system as compared to the coronary arterial system.
In the present scenario, therapeutic options are available for
arrhythmia and heart failure that the use of coronary venous
system to access target areas. The venous system is also a
useful conduit for delivery of Percutaneous Transcatheter
treatment. The present report deals with the incidental finding
of the continuation of great cardiac vein as coronary sinus
during routine dissection of the heart in an adult male
cadaver. Tributaries such as middle cardiac vein, Small
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
cardiac vein, and Oblique vein of left atrium are directly
entering in the Coronary sinus.
IFAA2014-1-049
On anatomy of density of localization of cystic duct
glands in human at postnatal ontogenesis
Mubariz Gasim Allahverdiyev, Shohrat Ibrahim
Gasimov, Sadagat Mahyaddin Rustamova
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*medun91@mail.ru
We have been investigated density of localization of cystic
duct glands, obtained from 116 corpses with the
macromicroscopical and histological methods. The density of
localization of glands in the wall of cystic duct restrain on the
same level (5.0-5.7) until juvenile age, decreases next. In
comparison with newborns (5.0 glands on 0.25 mm2 of area),
value of this index decreases in 1.09 times (p>0.05), at senile
age - in 1.78 times (p>0.05), at old age - in 4.16 times
(p<0.05), at long-lived also in 4.16 times (p<0.05). Minimal
individual value of this index for cystic duct does not change
during up newborns till juvenile, next decreases, till one
gland on 0.25 mm2 of area in the walls of organ. Maximal
personal value of this glands index is 6.0-8.0 on unit of area
of walls organ during up newborns till first period of mature
age, next decreases till four glands on unit of area of cystic
duct. Interruption between the extreme individual values of
this index in newborns less than in adults.
IFAA2014-1-050
L-carnitine protect against cyclophosphamide
induced skeletal and neural tube malformations in
rat embryos
Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady1, Hossein Najafzadeh
Varzi2, Saeede Zaryan Jahromi3
1
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,
Ahvaz, Iran; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,
Ahvaz, Iran; 3Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
*mkhaksarymahabady@yahoo.com
Cyclophosphamide is a mustard alkylating agent used in the
treatment of a number of neoplastic diseases and as an
immunosuppressant for the prevention of xenograft rejection.
There are many reports that the teratogenic effects of
cyclophosphamide can be prevented by application of
antioxidant drugs and stimulation of the maternal immune
system. Also, there is some evidence that L-carnitine is
antioxidant. Therefore, in this study, the prophylactic effect
of L-carnitine on teratogenic effects of CP was evaluated.
Pregnant rats were divided into five groups. Control group
received normal saline and test groups received L-carnitine
(500 mg/kg), CP (15 mg/kg), CP (15 mg/kg) plus L-carnitine
(250 mg/kg) and CP (15 mg/kg) plus L-carnitine (500 mg/kg)
intraperitonealy at 9th day of gestation. Fetuses were
collected at 20th day of gestation and after determination of
weight and length; they were stained by Alizarin red-Alcian
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
15
blue method. Cleft palate, spina bifida and exencephaly
incidence were 55.55%, 33.34% and 27.77% in fetuses of rat
that received only CP. Cleft palate, spina bifida, and
exencephaly incidence were 21.42%, 4.76% and 9.52% in
group which received CP plus L-carnitine (250 mg/kg).
However, cleft palate, spina bifida and exencephaly incidence
were 8%, 0% and 8% in group which received CP plus Lcarnitine (500 mg/kg), respectively. In addition, skeletal
anomalies incidence including limbs, vertebrae, and sternum
defects were decreased by L-carnitine. The mean of weight
and length of animals' fetuses that received L-carnitine, were
significantly greater than those received only CP. It is
concluded; L-carnitine significantly decreased teratogenicity
induced by CP; but this subject needs more detailed
evaluation.
IFAA2014-1-051
Definition of the to be named ligament and
vertebrodural ligament and their possible effects on
the circulation of CSF
Shengbo Yu1, Hongin Sui1, Nan Zheng1, Xiaoying
Yuan1, Yunfei Li2, Yanyan Chi1, Haibin Gao3, Xin
Zhao4, John Sharkey5
1
Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian
Medical University, Dalian, China; 2Department of Anatomy,
Zhongshan College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian,
China; 3Dalian Hoffen Bio-Technique Co. Ltd., Dalian,
China; 4School of Art, , Dalian Medical University, Dalian,
China; 5National Training Centre, University of Chester,
Dublin, Ireland.
*suihj@hotmail.com
Structural organization of human cardiac
conduction system with regard to cardiac structure
Human anatomy department.
*profspirina@narod.ru
By applying generally accepted morphological methods to
501 heart specimens of 12- to 32-week gestation fetuses,
infants, children and adults of both sexes and different ages,
we studied the position, size and configuration of the
atrioventricular node (AV node), AV bundle and its branches
with regard to the structure of cardiac ventricles and portions
of the interventricular septum. In fetal and postnatal
ontogenesis have the identical structural variations of the
cardiac ventricles with certain quantitative correlations of
linear dimensions of inflow and drainage portions and
properties of the interventricular septum (IVS) portions.
Every structural variation of the cardiac ventricles
corresponds to a set of certain properties of the AV node, the
AV bundle and its branches, reflecting the changed angles of
their position, linear dimensions and shape. The IVS sinus
portion and the AV bundle form a correlative pair. The
variability of linear dimensions and shape of the IVS sinus
portion determines the different length and the angle of the
AV bundle position. The variations of anatomical
correspondence of the CCS and the heart are formed during
antenatal life.
IFAA2014-1-053
A case of accessory left hepatic artery forming an
arterial quadrangle around the caudate lobe of liver
Ashwini L S, Mohandas Rao, Somayaji S N, Sapna
Marpalli
The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of a
connection between the dura mater and the posterior wall of
spinal canal at the level of C1-C2 and to examine its course
and composition. Gross dissection was performed on the
suboccipital regions in10 cadavers. Ten head-neck specimens
were sliced having been treated with the P45 plastination
method.Within all 10 specimens a dense fibrous band was
clearly identified in the nuchal ligament. It arose from the
tissue of the posterior border of the nuchal ligament and then
projected anterosuperiorly to enter the atlantoaxial interspace.
It was termed as to be named ligament(TBNL). In all
specimens the existence of a fibrous connection was found
between the dura mater and the posterior wall of the spinal
canal at the level of C1-C2. It was identified as vertebrodural
ligament(VDL). The VDL was subdivided into three parts.
Five variations of the VDL were identified according to the
anatomical differences of each part of the VDL.TheTBNL
and VDL firmly link the posterior aspect of cervical dura
mater to the rear of C1-C2 and the nuchal region. According
to these findings, the authors speculate that the movements of
the head and neck are likely to affect the shape of the cervical
dural sleeve via the TBNL and VDL in some manner. Based
on the continuity of the connective tissues concerned this
speculation seems to be reasonable. It is hypothesized that the
muscles-VDL-dural sleeve complex, in the suboccipital
region, may work as a pump to provide a important force
required to actively move the CSF in the spinal canal.
IFAA2014-1-052
Spirina Galina
Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, India
*Zashunature@yahoo.co.in
Liver is supplied by right and left hepatic arteries which are
normally the branches of hepatic artery proper. Left gastric
artery which is a branch of coeliac trunk, normally gives
gastric branches along the lesser curvature of stomach and
oesophageal branches from its looping part. During routine
cadaveric dissection, we encountered an accessory hepatic
artery in a male cadaver of about 60-years of age. The
accessory hepatic artery was arising from the looping part of
left gastric artery. It then passed through the fissure for
ligamentum teres to enter into the liver tissue at the posterior
end of the fissure. As a result of this peculiar course of this
accessary hepatic artery, an arterial quadrangle is formed
around the caudate lobe by it along with left gastric, common
hepatic and proper hepatic arteries. The accessary artery of
the liver was supplying the left anatomical lobe of the liver.
In the same cadaver, it was also noted that the left hepatic
artery was narrower in its calibre when compared to normal
cases. Knowledge of course and branching pattern of normal
and accessary hepatic arteries is of considerable importance
in liver transplants, radiological interventions and penetrating
abdominal injuries.
IFAA2014-1-054
Neurosurgical anatomy: A pediatric perspective
R. Shane Tubbs
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
16
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Pediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham, AL USA
*shane.tubbs@childrensal.org
Neurosurgical issues in the pediatric patient often include
anatomy that is not seen in adult neurosurgical patients.
Often, such issues are congenital in nature. The author will
review anatomical nuances from a large institutional
experience. Examples of the variable neurosurgical anatomy
seen in children will include imaging, videos, and surgical
photographs. The goal of the presentation is to give the
attendee a small sample of the wide range of anatomy that is
seen in a pediatric neurosurgical practice.
IFAA2014-1-055
20 years of reverse translational research in clinical
anatom
R. Shane Tubbs
Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, USA
*shane.tubbs@childrensal.org
Often, basic science research does not have a direct influence
on clinical practice. Translational research has attempted to
bridge the gap between clinical practice and basic science
research. However, these attempts do not have a direct
influence on medical practice and when they do, take long
periods of time. Our paradigm of reverse translational
research expedites this process by addressing problems in the
clinical realm with solutions identified after study in the
anatomy laboratory. The speaker will highlight examples of
this method of study by reviewing an over two decade
experience with this type of methodology. Following the
presentation, the attendee will have an improved knowledge
of the concept of reverse translational research in the
anatomical sciences.
IFAA2014-1-056
Visible Korean: Improved sectioned images of the
whole female body, diverse applicability
Jin Seo Park
Dept. of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine,
Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
*park93@dongguk.ac.kr
The aim of this study was to present high-quality sectioned
images of a whole female body which would be helpful in
creating an atlas, virtual dissection, and various applications
for medical education and clinical trial. In addition, the
authors sought to demonstrate the applicabilities of sectioned
images. In order to achieve these aims, high-quality sectioned
images of the whole adult female body were taken (intervals,
0.2 mm (upper body) or 1 mm (lower body); pixel size, 0.1
mm; color depth, 48 bit color). In the images obtained, very
small and complicated structures could be identified in color
of living body. Surface models of 27 structures were
constructed using the sectioned and the segmented images. In
order to ascertain the applicability of the images, the
browsing software including sectioned and segmented images
and the PDF file including surface models were produced.
The authors hope that the sectioned images and surface
models produced during this research will prove to be a
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
useful source for medical software. All data generated during
this study is available free of charge at anatomy. dongguk.
ac.kr/female/.
IFAA2014-1-057
Improved sectioned images and surface models of
the whole dog body
yong-wook Jung, Jin Seo Park
Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of
Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
*park93@dongguk.ac.kr
The aim of this study was to present high-quality sectioned
images of a whole dog which can be used to create sectional
anatomy atlases and surface models. A female beagle (A year
old) was sacrificed and frozen. The frozen dog was then
serially ground using a cryomacrotome and photographed
using a digital camera. As a result, 3,555 sectioned images of
whole dog body (intervals, 0.2 mm; pixel size, 0.1 mm; 48 bit
color) were created. In Photoshop, segmentation of the
sectioned images were performed to make segmented images
of 16 structures. Sectioned and segmented images were
stored in browsing software to allow easy access. Segmented
images were reconstructed to make surface models of 16
structures using Mimics software and stored in portable
document format (PDF) using Adobe 3D Reviewer software.
In this research, state-of-art sectioned images and surface
models were produced for the dog. The authors hope that the
sectioned images produced will become a useful source of
software for basic and clinical veterinary medicine, and
therefore, are distributing the sectioned images and surface
models through browsing software and PDF file available
free of charge.
IFAA2014-1-058
Information and knowledge
representation:Terminology to ontology
Paul E. Neumann
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine,
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
*paul.neumann@dal.ca
Terminologia Anatomica is still essentially a nineteenth
century document despite several revisions of its content. The
present challenge is to adapt TA to the requirements of the
computer age. IFAA has a strong record of response to
advances in biomedical sciences and to the needs of medicine
and other health professions. Now similar efforts should be
made with respect to neuroscience, biomedical informatics
and indices of the biomedical literature. The following goals
for the next revision of TA have been proposed: 1. To merge
Terminologia Anatomica and Terminologia Histologica, 2.
To conservatively revise the terminology to ensure
uniqueness and clarity of terms, 3. To revise the hierarchical
structure of TA with explicit relationships between terms, 4.
To develop definitions of the terms, and 5. To promote use of
TA's Latin terms and equivalent terms in other languages by
encouraging and facilitating involvement of the regional and
national Member Societies, and by collaborating with other
organizations.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
17
environment, which can be viewed in a small theater-like
classroom similar to watching a 3D movie. Reconstructed 3D
virtual models can be presented in multiple views in 360
degrees, with flexibility of rotating, enlarging, and zooming
in and zooming out. These models also provide a good venue
to view internal anatomic structures. Individual structures can
also be manipulated, disassembled and reassembled. Many
schools have reduced lecture hours and lab hours, and are
looking for more efficient teaching techniques, the new 3D
clinically relevant anatomical virtual models with its novel
approaches will provide students a new opportunity to
visualize three dimensional anatomical variations and
abnormal images based on their various learning styles. It
will also help students better learn normal anatomy, its
variations and clinical applications.
IFAA2014-1-059
3D topography of the young adult anal sphincter
complex reconstructed from undeformed serial
anatomical sections
Yi Wu1, Noshir Dabhoiwala2, Jaco Hagoort3, Jinlu
Shan, Liwen Tan, Binji Fang, Shaoxiang
Zhang, Wouter Lamers
1
Institute of Computing Medicine, Third Military Medical
University, Chongqing, China; 2Tytgat Institute for Liver and
Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of
Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 3Deptartment of Anatomy &
Embryology, Academic Medical Center, University of
Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
*wuy1979@gmail.com
IFAA2014-1-061
Thus far, pelvic-floor topography was studied by dissection,
which is artifact-prone, or MRI, which requires prior
anatomical knowledge. Method: The anal-sphincter complex
(ASC) was mapped in 4 females and 2 males (21-35y) of the
Chinese Visible Human database. Results: Using tendinous
septa and muscle-fiber orientation as segmentation guides,
the ASC comprised the subcutaneous external anal sphincter
(EAS) and U-shaped puborectal muscle, a part of the levator
ani muscle (LAM). The LAM had a common anterior
attachment to the pubic bone, but separated posteriorly into
puborectal and “pubovisceral” muscles. This pubovisceral
muscle was bilayered: its internal layer attached to the
conjoint longitudinal muscle of the rectum and the
rectococcygeal fascia, while its outer, patchy layer reinforced
the inner layer. Contraction of the ASC makes the ano-rectal
bend more acute and lifts the pelvic floor. Extensions of the
rectal longitudinal smooth muscle to the coccygeal bone
(rectococcygeal), perineal body (rectoperineal), and
endopelvic fascia (conjoint longitudinal and pubovisceral
muscles) created a “diaphragm” at the inferior boundary of
the mesorectum. Contraction should straighten the anorectal
bend. Conclusion: Based on our serial-section approach, the
topographic anatomy of the true pelvis is updated and made
widely accessible via an interactive 3D-pdf.
IFAA2014-1-060
Building 3D virtual models of common anatomic
variants and pathologic conditions of the head and
neck for teaching clinical anatomy
Sex differences in anogenital distances and digit
ratios in wild David’s rock squirrels
Dapeng Zhao1, Zhuoyue Chen1, Baoguo Li2
1
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,
College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,
China; 2College of Life Sciences, Northwest University,
Xi'an, China.
*dpzhao329@gmail.com
The prenatal hormonal environment plays an important role
in organizing sex differences in the morphology, physiology
and behavior of humans as well as other vertebrates. It is
often impractical or unethical to manipulate intrauterine sex
hormones when exploring the developmental influences of
sex hormones on various traits, and thus, the anogenital
distance (AGD) and digit ratios are useful to be considered
retrospective markers. Currently all related research on
rodents has focused on Myomorpha. This study for the first
time presents the information on a member of the
Sciuromorpha. We investigate sex differences in the AGD
and the ratio of the second to the fourth digit length (2D:4D)
from 44 wild David’s Rock squirrels (Sciurotamias
davidianus) captured from the Qinling Mountains, China. The
AGD as well as body mass are sexually dimorphic. There are
no sex differences or lateral asymmetry in 2D:4D. Significant
correlation was not found between AGD and 2D:4D for any
paw. The findings indicate that 2D:4D may not be fixed by
the prenatal steroidal environment in David’s rock squirrels.
IFAA2014-1-062
Dongmei Cui1, Jian Chen1, Tracy C. Marchant2, John
T. Mccarty2, Anson L. Thaggard2, Andrew D. Smith2
Morphological variations of the lungs seen in the
cadavers of south Indian region
1
Neurobiology & Anatomical Sciences, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson MS, United States
2
Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
Jackson MS, United States.
*dcui@umc.edu
Bincy M George, Satheesha B Nayak, Sapna Marpalli
In recent years, virtual images and computer-assisted 3D
models have been widely used in many medical and dental
schools for anatomy education. However, these 3D models
are often limited to normal anatomy, flat screen-based
imaging and online use. We developed clinically relevant
anatomical variations and abnormal head and neck virtual
models for anatomical education and clinical training. These
models can be displayed in a stereoscopic system in a virtual
Awareness of anatomical variations in lungs is essential for
performing segmental resections of lungs. Morphological
variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures were studied
in 65 right and 73 left isolated lungs from cadavers in
dissection hall. Two right lungs showed absence and 23
showed incomplete horizontal fissures. Three right lungs
showed three fissures and 4 lobes. All 65 right lungs showed
Department Of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College,
Manipal, India.
*bincyrajakumary@yahoo.com
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
18
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
two major veins, but arteries in hilum varied. Two lungs had
3 arteries, 44 had 2 arteries and 19 had 1 artery in the hilum.
64 of them showed 2 bronchi in the hilum, but only one of
them showed 3 bronchi in the hilum. 11 left lungs showed
incomplete oblique fissure. Two of them showed 2 fissures
and 3 lobes. All of them showed 2 major veins in the hilum.
Four of them showed 2 arteries and 69 of them had only 1
artery in the hilum. 16 left lungs had 2 bronchi and 57 had
only one bronchus in the hilum. The knowledge of variations
in the lobar and hilar of the lung anatomy presented in this
study is clinically important while interpreting the
radiological images and performing surgical procedures.
IFAA2014-1-063
A rare combination of multiple venous
convergences to the left renal vein and renal venous
collar around the abdominal aorta
Sapna Marpalli, Mohandas KG Rao, Somayaji
SN, Ashwini LS
Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College,
Manipal, India.
*sapnamarpalli@gmail.com
The left renal vein is one of the direct tributaries of the
inferior vena cava and it crosses in front of the abdominal
aorta to drain into it. Normally, the left renal vein receives the
left suprarenal and left gonadal veins as its tributaries along
with the veins from the left kidney. During routine dissection,
in about 60-year-old male cadaver we observed a rare
variation of double left renal veins; a superficial and a deep,
which were forming a venous collar around the abdominal
aorta. The superficial left renal vein passed anterior to the
abdominal aorta and received multiple veins in radiating
pattern. In addition to its normal tributaries, superficial left
renal vein also received inferior phrenic vein, a long slender
vein from the posterior abdominal wall. Deep left renal vein
passed posterior to abdominal aorta and drained into the
inferior vena cava about 2 inches below the termination of
the superficial left renal vein. The coexistence of venous
collar and the additional tributaries to the left renal vein is
rare. These variations should be kept in mind during
preoperative planning for full or partial nephrectomy, living
donor nephrectomy and abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
IFAA2014-1-064
Are the nasal parameters and nose types of Malay
population different from other races?
San S. Thwin1, Tahamida Yesmin2, Mar M.
Wai3, Fazlin Zaini4, Myo Than5, Khairil Azwan6, Soe
Lwin7, Maung Myint8
1
San San Thwin, Anatomy Department,UniKL-Royal College
Of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 2Tahamida
Yesmin, Anatomy Department,UniKL-Royal College Of
Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 3Mar Mar Wai,
Anatomy Department,UniKL-Royal College Of Medicine
Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 4Fazlin Zaini , Anatomy
Department,UniKL-Royal College Of Medicine Perak, Ipoh,
Perak, Malaysia; 5Myo Than, Anatomy Department,UniKLRoyal College Of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
6
Khairil Azwan, Anatomy Department,UniKL-Royal College
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 7Soe Lwin,
Anatomy Department,UniKL-Royal College of Medicine
Perak, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia; 8Maung Myint, Surgery
Department, UniKL-Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh,
Perak, Malaysia.
*santhwin@yahoo.com
Human nose can be found in many shapes and sizes and
racial, ethnic and environmental influences can result in
different appearances of the nose. Nasal parameters such as
nasal height (n-sn), nasal width( al-al), nasal index were
investigated in the Malay population, using convenient
sampling methods. Study sample consisted of 80 young
Malay adults ( 40 males , 40 females) aged 19-30 years. The
Malay males and females have a mean and SD value of nasal
height as 52.2 ± 5.3 and 50.4 ± 9.6 respectively and a mean
value of nasal width as 39.6 ± 2.9 and 36.7 ± 3.1. Mean nasal
index in male and female are 76.66 and 74.55 respectively.
The classification of nose types in both Malay male and
female were found to be predominantly mesorrhine type or
medium nose with a percentage of 67.5% and 70%
respectively. The second most common type in Malay male
and female is leptorrhine or fine type of nose which was
found in 20% and 18.5% respectively. These values and types
were comparable with those of other Asian races such as
Malaysian Indian, Chinese and Other Indians as recorded in
previous studies. Other studies revealed that common nose
types found in Caucasian as leptorrhine type or fine nose and
Australian, Aboriginal tribe and Africans as platyrrhine type
or flat nose . The result of this study may contribute to
satisfactory results of cosmetic and reconstructive
rhinoplastic surgery, anthropology, and forensic medicine in
the Malay population.
IFAA2014-1-065
Variations in the thoracoabdominal veins on CT
Jonathan D Spratt
Dept of Radiology, University Hospital of North Durham
(CDDFT) Durham UK.
*jspratt007@aol.com
Multiplanar CT demonstration of commoner variations of the
thoracoabdominal veins including SVC, azygos system,
brachiocepahalic and pulmonary veins with clinical
application e.g. central line placement, cardiac pacing and
chest radiographic interpretation. Commoner variants of the
IVC, renal, portal and hepatic veins also demonstrated by
radiological imaging with reference to applications in surgery
and radiodiagnosis. Includes discussion on the emphasis
variant anatomy teaching is currently achieving at all levels
from medical student to speciality training.
IFAA2014-1-066
Research/teaching integration as a hallmark of the
ethos of anatomy departments
Ming Zhang
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand.
*ming.zhang@anatomy.otago.ac.nz
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
19
All teaching should be research-informed and the discipline
of anatomy should have at its base a vigorous research ethos
driven by end-user’s needs. This presentation will outline the
importance of research in all branches of anatomy, including
modern anatomical technology. Only in this way is it possible
to provide students at all levels with teaching that is informed
by up-to-date research information and concepts by staff
intimately involved in relevant research programs. Using the
research program of the connective tissue patterning of the
human body as an example, the presentation will demonstrate
how to integrate up-to-date research information with
undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, and medical
professional and non-professional teaching and how to
introduce the modern anatomical technology which has been
developed in the research program to various levels of
anatomy teaching.
IFAA2014-1-067
Anatomy of the nasal complex and surgical
approaches
Ming Zhang
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand
.* ming.zhang@anatomy.otago.ac.nz
Minimally invasive operative techniques are central to “Fast
Track Surgery” which was introduced in the early 1990s,
uses multimodal perioperative rehabilitation programs and
aims to facilitate an early discharge from the hospital and
more rapid resumption of normal activities of daily living
after surgery. A successful minimally invasive surgery is
established on precise anatomical knowledge of the operative
area. The nasal complex provides a popular surgical gateway
to approach the central skull base where some important
structures, e.g. pituitary gland, the 2nd to 6th cranial nerves,
and internal carotid arteries, are compacted in a very limited
space between rigid dura and cranial bones. Recently, we
reported that a large adipose fascial network zone and a
dumbbell-shaped fascial network zone are located medial and
lateral to the internal carotid artery, respectively. However, a
number of questions remain to be investigated. For example,
what is the spatial relationship between the medial and lateral
adipose zones? Whether these zones large enough to be used
as an operative corridor to manipulate lesions in the central
skull base? How are these zones approached from the nasal
complex? Are there multiple types of fascial support
networks (e.g. a fibrous or an adipose network) in the skull
base? This presentation will address these questions and
reveal the anatomical relationship between the nasal complex
and anterior and middle cranial fossae.
IFAA2014-1-069
An anatomical model of the brain in wax by
tramond (circa 1900): A fleschsig cross-section and
an inferior view of the basis
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Alain Piffault2, JeanBernard Gillot2
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Libraire scientifique
Alain Brieux/Gillot, rue Jacob.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A brain model in wax represented in two different parts : a
Flechsig's cross-section (17,5 x 12,5 cm) and an inferior view
of the basis of the brain. The two parts were anatomically
relevant. The inferior view was remarkably fine with the
representation of the cranial nerves on each side, except the
XII on the left side in order to make place to the left posteroinferior cerebellar artery. On the inferior aspect, the
representation of the arteries on the basis was extremely
accurate. The two wax pieces laid on a black, circular basis in
wood (diameter: 37,5 cm) and were protected by a half-dome
shaped lid in glass. Two labels in paper laid on the upper side
: one (ovoid: 35 x 20 mm) for the affiliation "Mson Tramond,
Pr Et Fr Des Facultés, 9 Rue De L'ecole De Medecine, Paris"
and the other (87 x 35,6 mm), rectangular one for the
anatomical description: " 1° Base du cerveau: nerfs, artères 2° Coupe de Fleschsing (sic) montrant Capsules internes,
noyaux gris, Ventricules, avant-mur. etc ". The first label was
also stuck under the basis but enlarged and with a more
detailed sentence. The Tramond's factory in Paris was active
between1878 and 1910 succeeding to the Vasseur's factory
and followed by Rouppert's factory. It was one of the most
noticeable anatomical maker of wax anatomical models.
Tramond was both an anatomist and a medical doctor. Since
this date, not any model was produced in such a detailed
manner in this material.
IFAA2014-1-070
An anomalous communication between nerve to
mylohyoid and the lingual nerves and its clinical
implications – a case report
Huban R Thomas, Prasanna L C, Kumar M R
Bhat, Antony S D’souza.
Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
University, Manipal, India.
*huban_anatomy@yahoo.co.in
The mandibular nerve is the largest of the three branches of
the trigeminal nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve also called
as inferior dental nerve is a branch of the posterior division of
the mandibular nerve.Before traversing the mandibular
foramen, it first gives off the nerve to the mylohyoid, a motor
nerve supplying the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the
digastric muscles.The lingual nerve is a branch of the
posterior division mandibular nerve, which supplies sensory
innervations to the oral part of the tongue. During routine
dissection in the Department of Anatomy, we found the
presence of an anomalous communication between the nerve
to mylohyoid and lingual nerves in an adult male formalin
fixed cadaver.Variations in the course of nerve to mylohyoid
and its communication with the lingual nerve, have not been
satisfactorily described in the anatomical or surgical
literature.Variant branching pattern of the mandibular nerve
are of great clinical importance since these variations can
cause failure to obtain adequate local anesthesia in oral and
dental procedures. We assume that this anomalous
communication may contain sensory fibers from the inferior
alveolar nerve entering in to the lingual nerve through nerve
to mylohyoid or some fibres of the motor root of the
trigeminal nerve passing through the lingual nerve to reach
the nerve to mylohyoid.
IFAA2014-1-071
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
20
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
The 3D microstructure of the human annulus
fibrosus using DTI followed by fiber tracking
Dan Stein1, Yaniv Assaf2,3, Gali Dar4, Haim
Cohen1,5, Bahaa Medlej1,6, Israel Hershkovits1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
2
Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; 3Sagol School of
Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
4
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare
& Health Studies, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel;
5
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RappaportTechnion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel; 6The National Center of Forensic
Medicine, Ben Zvi 67, Tel Aviv, Israel
*maadan@gmil.com
Low back pain (LBP) is among the most prevailing health
conditions with the intervertebral disc (IVD) playing a key
role. However, the structural model of the IVD and the
annulus fibrosus (AF) in particular, is still incomplete. In this
work we explore the 3D architecture of the AF via Diffusion
Tensor Imaging (DTI) followed by fiber tracking in order to
provide qualitative as well as quantitative information
regarding its structure. Eight segments of the AF taken from
human lumbar cadavers were scanned on a 7T\30 MRI
scanner followed by fiber tracking. The data was than
quantitatively analyzed and the structure is presented three
dimensionally. The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and
mean diffusivity (MD) for the fibers were respectively in the
range of 0.35-0.58/ 1.3±0.7 ( /sec). Mean fiber density for all
samples was 84 fibers/ . Mean length found was 2.6mm
±1.9mm and the mean interlamellar angle was in the range of
28-61ͼ. We believe this novel demonstration of the 3D
structure and the quantitative characteristics of the AF using
DTI and fiber tracking will enhance the understanding of the
structures’ frequent failure.
IFAA2014-1-072
The Gantzer’s muscle: an anatomical and US study
Bahaa Medlej1,2, Tatiana Sella Tunis1, Haim
Cohen1,3, Dan Stein 1, Julia Abramov1, Israel
Hershkovitz1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv
69978, Israel; 2The National Center of Forensic Medicine,
Tel Aviv, Ben Zvi 67, Israel; 3Department of Anatomy and
Cell Biology, Rappaport-Technion Faculty of Medicine,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
*bahaamedlej@gmail.com
Muscular variation in the forearm flexors is well known.
Gantzer‘s muscle (the accessory head of flexor pollicis
longus) is among the more common phenomenon and may
play an important role in clinical syndromes (e.g., pronator
syndrome), Due to its immediate association with the median
and anterior interosseous nerves it may change the function
of the flexors compartment, and induce pathology in the
forehand and hand. To carry out in-depth study of the clinical
importance of the Gantzer‘s muscle and its association with
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
forehand and hand pathology using dissection and ultrasound
approaches. 31 cadavers of elderly individuals were studied
(18 females and 13 males) at the Department of Anatomy and
Anthropology, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University.
62 forearms were dissected carefully to detect an accessory
head for the flexor pollicis longus (AFPL) and digitorum
profundus (AFDP) muscles. Additionally, an US study will
be carried out to gain insight on the function of this muscles
and the compression it implies on the median nerve. 42% of
the female individuals dissected manifested AFPL (23%
bilateral; 6% right forearm; 13% left forearm); AFDP was
much less common (12%): 6% were bilateral and 6% was
shown on the left side and none in the right side. Males
manifest lower rate of AFPL (19%):13% bilateral, 6% only
on the right side and none on the left side. AFDP was present
in 9% of the males: 3% bilateral, 6% on the left side and none
in the right side. Gantzer’s muscle is a common phenomenon
and should be considered in upper limb syndromes. Our
forthcoming US study will help understanding the way this
muscle function and its effect on the surrounding tissues.
IFAA2014-1-073
The effects of sacral inclination on lumbar
vertebrate height, wedging and lumbar lordosis.
Einat Kedar1, Dan Stein1, Gali Dar2, bahaa
medlej1,3, Israel Hershkovitz1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
2
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare
& Health Studies, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel; 3The
National Center of Forensic Medicine, Ben Zvi 67, Tel Aviv,
Israel.
*einatke@gmail.com
Understanding the lumbar spines architecture (e.g. degree of
lordosis) is of clinical importance as it is among the central
risk factors for disc herniation. Vertebral wedging is strongly
associated with lumbar lordosis, yet, what dictates the degree
of lordosis and how it is developed is still a controversial
issue. We hypothesized, following Hueter–Volkmann’s
principle, that sacral inclination dictates lordotic angle via
differential growth of the posterior part of the vertebral body
relative to the anterior, i.e. producing a wedged-shape
vertebrae. For the current study we used human lumbar T2
FSE MRI scans collected from 295 random individuals ages
18-89. Measurements of lordotic angle, sacral inclination,
vertebrae and intervertebral disc height, width and area were
taken using an in-house Matlab program (Mathworks Inc).
Subjects were divided by sex and age. Statistical analysis was
carried out using SPSS 21.0. Significant correlations were
found between sacral angle size and the metrical features of
the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs. A strong
correlation between sacral inclination and lumbar lordosis
(0.89, p<0.01) was also found. Sex differences were
observed. We concluded that though sacral inclination plays a
role in the development of lordosis angle, the HueterVolkmann’s principle is not the predominant factor.
IFAA2014-1-075
Anatomy down the ages: Lessons for the future.
Helen D Nicholson, Natasha AMS Flack
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
21
1
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand.
*helen.nicholson@otago.ac.nz
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile;3Universidad Autónoma
de Chile, Sede Talca.
*enrique.olave@ufrontera.cl
2
Historically anatomy schools and departments were
established to assist in the training of medical students,
although even in the 19th century there was a public interest
in the subject. Over the last 2 centuries the discipline of
anatomy has grown to encompass a wide range of areas
including embryology, neuroanatomy, gross and clinical
anatomy to name but a few. The functions of anatomy
departments or units have also changed. Many departments
now teach into a wide range of courses both in science and
health sciences as well as the arts. Some departments have
significant research activities and many also engage in public
outreach. The history of some of these departments will be
explored and the characteristics of successful units analyzed.
This information will be discussed to see what lessons can be
learnt to help develop anatomy into a strong and relevant
discipline for the 21st and subsequent centuries.
IFAA2014-1-076
Maxillofacial and orbital anatomy of surgical
procedures
George J. Dias
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand.
*george.dias@anatomy.otago.ac.nz
IFAA2014-1-079
Symposium: Developments of Terminologies
Rehabilitation of major defects in the craniomaxillofacial
region is critical in providing improved quality of life for
affected patients. In the surgical management of these
conditions, comprehensive understanding of the surgical
anatomy is paramount. This presentation is focused on the
“Surgical Anatomy” in relation to surgical approaches to the
following traumatic fractures in the mid-facial region. 1)
Mandibular subcondyler fractures (open reduction). This is
the most common site of all mandibular fractures. These are
defined as fractures below the level of the most inferior point
sigmoid notch. 2) Orbital Fractures. Management of these
fractures remains challenging, due to the complexity of
orbital anatomy, where various vital structures and organs are
bundled into a small space. a) Orbito-zygomatico-maxillary
complex (outer orbital frame) fractures. b) Naso-orbitoethmoid (medial orbital frame) fractures. c) Internal orbit
fractures. 3) Zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures, which
are the second most common of all facial fractures. 4) Nasoorbito-ethmoid fractures. Shape of the eyes and the middle
third of the face play an important role in face recognition.
Therefore, even minor shortcomings in the surgical outcome
are very conspicuous. 5) Frontal sinus fractures. These
require complex surgical management due there close
proximity to vital structures including the brain and the eyes.
Speaker in Symp. 3B, in 16:00-16:30, Aug.8
IFAA2014-1-078
Weight of the heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys
regard to ethnic groups, age, sex and body mass
index in 775 autopsies of Chilean individuals
E. Olave1, J.C Torrez1, N. Riquelme2, L. Ibacache2, O.
Binvignat3
Several factors can influence the weight of the thoracic and /
or abdominal viscera . In order to know the average weight of
the heart, lung, liver, kidney and spleen of Chilean
individuals, the information in these organs from 775
necropsies on fresh cadavers between 2009-2013 was
obtained, considering her ethnicity (Mapuche and nonMapuche), age, sex and body mass index. Data of bodies
without apparent injury or disease of these viscera were
studied. In non-Mapuche group, the heart had an average
weight of 391.2 g and 300 g, in men and women,
respectively; in men, the weight of the right lung and the left
were 575 g and 503.2 g, respectively and in women the right
lung and left were 449.4 g and 386.3 g, respectively; the liver
weighed 1,787 g on average in men and 1,569 g in women;
spleen weighed 135.2 g and 123.7 g in men and women,
respectively. In men, the kidney weight was 153.5 g the right
and 157.6 g, the left and in women were 124 g and 126.5 g,
respectively. In Mapuche group, the data are slightly lower.
This parameter was calculated and related to various age
groups according to body mass index and ethnic background.
These results are compared with other population groups in
the world and are a contribution to morphological knowledge
of the abdominal and thoracic viscera.
Pierre Sprumont
Anatomy-University of Fribourg, Switzerland
*pierre.sprumont@unifr.ch
Since more than one century, terminologies have adapted to
changes occurring in medical and clinical sciences by (1)
unifying the terms identifying anatomical objects whatever
their nature and dimensions, (2) widening the scope of the
domain that they covered and, more recently, (3) adding to
the official Latin terms their English equivalents and thus
favouring exact translations of the name lists into several
modern languages. The name lists were published as books (6
editions of NA, then TA, TH and TE) initially by one
anatomical society and later by ad hoc committees. However,
the expansion of the Internet allowed for introducing more
efficient and expeditious methods for reviewing and
publishing terminologies. After the last Anatomical Congress
(Cape Town 2009), the three terminologies were posted as
PDF facsimile copies on the website in order to increase their
accessibility. TA, and partly TH, were recently hierarchically
re-classified and simple hierarchical relations between terms
were made explicit. The purpose was to augment their direct
readability by computers. This is necessary to accelerate their
continuous adaptation, to improve their accuracy and to
facilitate their use by larger circles of users. Moreover, input
from IFAA Member Societies could be made easier and the
approved changes in, or additions to, terminologies would be
immediately applicable and become accessible to all. Finally,
Knowledge Bases based on official terminologies and
including all synonyms and vernacular equivalents would
greatly improve the dissemination of accurate
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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22
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
IFAA2014-1-080
The Illusional and Elusive Gender Differences in
Lumbar Lordosis
Hay Ori1, Dar Gali2, Stein Dan1, Masharawi Yossef
3
, Slon Viviane1, Peled Nathan 4, Hershkovitz Israel 1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
2
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare
& Health Studies, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel;
3
Department of Physical Therapy, Tel-Aviv University,
Ramat-Aviv, Israel; 4Department of Radiology, Carmel
Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
*ori.hay@gmail.com
Whether differences exist in male and female posture has
been debated by researchers who are divided as to the nature
of variations in the spinal curve, their origin, reasoning, and
implications from a morphological, functional and
evolutionary perspective. The aim of the current study was to
illustrate the spinal lumbar curve in males and females and
address its biomechanical significance. A new automated
method utilizing CT imaging has been devised to model
spinal curvatures in males and females. The curves extracted
from 158 individuals were based on the spinal canal, thus
avoiding traditional pitfalls of using bone features for curve
estimation. The model analysis was carried out on the entire
curve, whereby both local and global descriptors were
examined in a single framework. Principal findings:
Compared to males, the female spine manifested statistically
significant greater curvedness, inferiorly located lordotic
peak, and greater cranial peak height. As caudal peak height
is similar for males and females, the illusion of deeper
lordosis among females is due partially to the fact that the
superior part of the female lumbar curve is positioned more
dorsally and to a more anterior invagination of the female
spine into the thorax and abdomen. These morphological
characteristics of the female spine were probably developed
to reduce stress on the vertebral elements during pregnancy
and nursing. Males and females manifest different lumbar
curve shape, yet similar lordosis.
IFAA2014-1-081
Role of eponyms in anatomy
David Kachlik, Tereza Stepankova, Vaclav Baca
Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
*david.kachlik@lf3.cuni.cz
Eponymic terms are an inseparable part of the medical
terminology with deep roots and disputable relevance.
Although the eponyms were excluded from the Latin
anatomical nomenclature as early as 1955 (PNA), they still
survive both among both anatomist and clinicians.
Nevertheless, the last revisions of the nomenclature, the TA
1998, TH 2007 and TE 2012 brought a list of some eponyms
with their official Latin equivalents. Several website exist
serving as databases of the eponymous personalities and their
eponyms. But the situation still remains unclear, especially
for the teachers, how to approach this question, mainly due to
the local and interdisciplinary differences in usage and favor
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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of eponyms. The authors propose a simple classification of
eponyms into three groups: A for every student and
physician, useful and necessary in the whole study, scientific
and medical life (e.g. Falloppian tube or Wirsung’s duct); B
for specialist in one specific field (e.g.Weitbrecht’s retinacula
or Onodi’s cell) and C for archaic, obsolete and abundant
terms (e.g. torcular Herophyli or vein of Lichaceva). The task
for future is to complete all eponyms from groups A and B
with their official Latin terms, if missing. Supported by
CharlesUniversityGrant 236028/IRP/2013 and IRP/2014.
IFAA2014-1-082
Morphing and changing while keeping the core:
The new model of anatomical education.
Jeffrey T Laitman
Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
*jeffrey.laitman@mssm.edu
Anatomy has always been the bedrock of medical education.
Yet as curricula, technology, and student learning preferences
change, so too has the presentation of material. The last
decade has seen major change in curricular time throughout
the basic sciences in general, and the anatomical sciences in
particular, with the “2-year” Pre-Clinical model often
disappearing. Accordingly, traditional time-frames and
pacing have altered. Here we report our approach to dealing
with realities while incorporating new and dynamic
modalities. Our new course, called “Structures,” is attempting
to integrate anatomy from gross, histological, embryological,
radiological and clinical perspectives in order to give a more
“holistic” appreciation of human form. We emphasize
incorporating concepts and educational principles of lifelong
physician learning: professional behavior; communication
skills; team skills; individual responsibility of time and stress
management; and self and group assessments. Our Course
also relies both in organization and teaching on a robust
cohort of medical student Teaching Assistants who learn as
they share and mentor. This type of integrated approach has
necessitated a very different organizational “mind-set” but
one that we trust will offer both the traditional excellence and
spirit of anatomy cognizant of the realities and organizational
imperatives of medical education in today’s environment.
IFAA2014-1-083
Perimeter of heart valves in relation to ethnicity,
sex, age and body mass index in individuals Chilean
Mapuche and non-Mapuche.
Juan Torrez1, Enrique Olave1, Nubia
Riquelme2, Francisco Torrez2, Nilton Alves1
1
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco,
Chile; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Temuco,
Chile.
*enrique.olave@ufrontera.cl
Knowledge of the perimeter of the valves of the heart is very
important for replacement surgeries them. Because of this,
this variable was studied in the right and left ventricular
valves and the aortic and pulmonary valves, considering sex,
ethnic and age groups and body mass index. This research
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
23
was conducted in 1,166 hearts of fresh cadavers of Chilean
individuals Mapuche (344) and no Mapuche (822) of IX
Region, Chile, between 2009 and 2013. In the group Chilean
Mapuche between 20 and 29 years, regardless of sex, the
average perimeter of the right and left ventricular valves was
121 mm (SD 11) and 97.5 mm (SD 10.4), respectively; the
perimeter aortic and pulmonary valves was 68.6 mm (SD 8.8)
mm and 73.1 (SD 11.6), respectively. In non-Mapuche
individuals between 20 and 29 years without regard to sex,
the perimeter of the right and left ventricular valves was
112.1 mm (SD 11.9) and 93.6 mm (SD 9.9), respectively; the
perimeter of the aortic and pulmonary valves was 64.2 mm
(SD 8.7) and 65.8 mm (SD 9.5), respectively. This variable
was also studied by sex and other age groups, between 30 and
39, between 40 and 49 and between 50 and 59 years. The
data obtained are useful for the surgical anatomy of the heart
and a contribution to knowledge of heart valve anatomy of
the Chilean population.
IFAA2014-1-084
Osteon directions in compact bone of distal part of
the human fibula; Morphological and
biomechanical aspects
Jiri Marvan1, Zdenek Horak2, Radek Bartoska1, David
Kachlik3, Valer Dzupa1,4, Vaclav Baca3,4
The human anatomy describes the body structure as it is often
observed in the most common pattern. However the cases
that differ from this pattern are called anatomic variations.
It’s known that the ligaments are formed of fibrous tissue and
function as limiters excessive movements of the joints.
Among the greatest knee stabilizers we have the tibial and
fibular collateral ligaments, which are found medially and
laterally in the knees. So the first articulates femur to the
tibia, and the second the femur to the fibula. However we
found a few anatomical specimens in which the fibular
collateral ligament emits bundles for both the fibula and tibia.
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of
UniFOA, CAAE: 19532513.7.0000.5237. It was made a
research of the knee parts in the laboratory of human
anatomy of the UniFOA, where 44 pieces were used, being
20 of right knee and left knee 24. Of this total 9% were
excluded. Parts that show the variation above the left knee
represent 34.7% and 11.7% in the right knee.
The oblique popliteal ligament: An anatomic and
MRI investigation
Department of Orthopaedy and Traumatology, Third
Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and
FNKV Prague, Czech Republic; 2Department of Mechanics
and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, CTU,
Prague, Czech Republic; 3Department of Anatomy, Third
Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague,
Czech Republic; 4Center for Integrated Study of Pelvis, Third
Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and
FNKV, Czech Republic.
*vaclav.baca@lf3.cuni.cz
Stephanie J. Woodley1, Liam McRedmond1, Grant R.
Meikle2, Mark D. Stringer1, Mandy Hedderwick1
1
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand; 2Radiology Department, Dunedin Hospital,
Dunedin, New Zealand.
*stephanie.woodley@anatomy.otago.ac.nz
The objective of this study was to make a distinction between
the lamellar and Haversian structure of the cortical bone, and
in the Haversian bone to determine the course of the central
vascular canals and as a result, also the course of osteons in
individual parts of the distal fibular end; and subsequently to
identify a possible correlation with the course of the typical
fracture lines of fibular fractures. The aim of the
computational analysis was to answer the question whether
distribution of the principal stresses of the FEM model
corresponds to the occurrence and course of osteons. The
bone in 5 dry specimens of the distal fibula from collections
of the Department of Anatomy was grounded and
subsequently evaluated. The bones were not specified in
terms of age or gender. Only bones of adult individuals,
where epiphyseal plates were no longer observed, were used.
The depicted courses of osteons were compared with the
course of individual typical fracture lines of the most
common classifications of fibular fractures. For a
biomechanical analysis the FEM method was applied. In our
preliminary study the systems of osteons in cortical bone of
the distal fibula in principle correspond to the distribution of
surface tensions showed by the biomechanical model.
Identification and description of anatomical
variations of fibular collateral ligament in the
human anatomy laboratory of UniFOA
Anatomy, UniFOA, Volta Redonda, Brazil
*marcoscunham@hotmail.com
IFAA2014-1-086
1
IFAA2014-1-085
Marcos G. S. Cunha, Paulo C. S. Azizi, Pedro S.
Rondinelli, Igor M. Santos, Luara O. Pires
Despite being the largest ligament on the posterior aspect of
the knee, relatively little is known about the normal anatomy
of the oblique popliteal ligament (OPL). The purpose of this
study was to investigate the detailed morphology of the OPL
using several techniques: cadaver dissection (13 males, 8
females; mean age 75.9 [SD 9.6] years) and histology
(samples from eight knees, randomly selected); and MRI
scans in healthy volunteers (10 males, 3 females; mean age
23.6 [SD 3.2] years). The OPL is an expansion of the
semimembranosus tendon, composed of transverse layers of
collagen with minimal elastin; it typically consists of two
bands defined by the location of a penetrating neurovascular
bundle (15/21 specimens). It courses superolaterally,
blending with the posterior capsule, and inserts into the
lateral femoral condyle or fabella, and posterolateral capsule.
The mean mediolateral width of the OPL was significantly
greater (p < 0.001) measured on MRI in healthy individuals
(53.8 [SD 3.4] mm) compared to cadaver dissections (43.6
[SD 6.2] mm). Mean height of the OPL at its medial and
lateral insertions was 10.7 (SD 4.3) mm and 12.5 (SD 3.9)
mm, respectively. No significant differences existed between
sexes in any of the dissection measures. This study provides
unique data on the OPL that may enhance our understanding
of its function and possible role in posterior knee injury.
IFAA2014-1-087
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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24
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
p62 Attenuated proteasome inhibitor MG132induced cell death in 3T3-L1 cells
Yan Fang1, Shuling Bai2
1
Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, PR
China; 2Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic
Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang,
110001, PR China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
Abnormal adipose differentiation is closely associated with
some metabolic syndromes such as obesity, type II diabetes,
adiposis hepatica, etc. Proteasome inhibitors are emerging as
a new class of differentiation agents, but the mechanisms of
regulating adipose differentiation are still unclear. Recently,
p62 is regarded as a key molecule in regulating and removing
ubiquitinated protein. To explore the role of p62 in
proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced 3T3-L1 cell death, the
function of p62 in 3T3L-1 cells were modulated with genetic
methods. We found that MG132-induced 3T3-L1 cell death
was dependent on p62, which required C-terminus UBA
domain of p62 to attenuate the proteasome inhibitor’s
cytotoxcity. Moreover, caspase-8 activation promoted by
proteasome inhibition increased with the deletion of UBA
domain which was required for binding and conveying
ubiquitinated protein to proteasome. Given collocation of
autophagic marker molecules LC3 and p62, inhibition of
autophagy promoted MG132-induced cell death with high
level of p62 and active caspase-8 while induction of
autophagy manifested the opposite effect, it suggested that
p62 was a potential contributor to mediate caspase-8
apoptotic pathway in 3T3-L1 cells with the deficit of
proteolytic activity.
IFAA2014-1-088
Zinc sulfate inhibited abdominal aortic aneurysm in
the rat by induction of Zinc finger protein a20
suppressing activity of nuclear factor țB
Shuling Bai
Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical
Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001; PR
China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
Chronic inflammation primarily contributes to the abdominal
aortic aneurysm (AAA). The nuclear factor (NF)–țB
regulated the inflammation. We hypothesized that zinc
induces zinc finger protein A20 in vascular smooth muscle
cells (VSMCs) and A20 binds to tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-receptor associated factor, then suppresses activity of
NF–țB. AAA was induced by 0.5M CaCl2. Zinc sulfate (ZS)
group were administrated with 6 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal
ZS for 4 weeks. The abdominal aortic segments were
collected at 4 weeks after surgery. We also conducted
liposome-mediated gene delivery in primary rat VSMCs.
Orcein staining, immunohistochemistry and western blotting
were performed to detect A20 and IKKȕ/NF–țB signaling
changes. Comparing with surgery group, dilation of arterial
diameter of ZS group were less obvious, less serious
inflammatory cell infiltration, lower IKKȕ/NF–țB signaling
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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but increased A20 protein expression. ZS-administration can
promote the A20 protein expression and reduce
simultaneously IKKȕ/NF–țB signaling, which suggest that
zinc sulfate is potentially useful in suppressing AAA.
IFAA2014-1-089
Effect of zinc finger protein a20 on TNF-Į mediated
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and
apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms in
vascular smooth muscle cells
Shuling Bai
Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical
Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001; PR
China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
Excessive apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells
(VSMCs) is an important factor of abdominal aortic
aneurysm (AAA) formation. Monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1(MCP-1) plays an important role in the progress of
AAA, which suggest that suppression of MCP-1 expression
and excessive apoptosis in VSMCs may have great
therapeutic potential for AAA. We conducted these
experiments to examine the effect of A20 on MCP-1
expression and apoptosis in VSMCs and elucidated the
related molecular mechanisms. Primary VSMCs were
obtained from the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats, the purity
and identity was verified using a a-actin antibody against
smooth muscle. TNF-Į group were added with 10ng/ml TNFĮ, zinc sulfate (ZS) group, besides equal TNF-Į, were
administrated with 20uM ZS.These cells were harvested at
48h. Western blot was performed to determine the A20,
MCP-1, caspase-3 and nuclear NF-KBp65 expression. ZS
markedly increased A20 expression, inhibited TNF-Įinduced MCP-1 production, downregulated the nuclear NFkBp65 and caspase-3expression. ZS-administration can
promote the A20 protein expression and inhibits TNF-Įinduced MCP-1 and VSMCs apoptosis by suppressing the
NF-kB and caspase-3, which suggest theoretically that ZS
can reverse AAA.
IFAA2014-1-090
Effect of curcumin on the expression of VEGF and
Tsp-1 in aortic aneurysm
Shuling Bai, Xiaohong Tian, Weijian Hou, Hao
Tong, Yawei Yan
Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical
Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR
China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
Angiogenesis is an important process in the pathogenesis of
aortic aneurysm. We aimed to study the angiogeneic balance
in thoracic aortic aneurysm by evaluating the expression of
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). We sought to investigate whether
curcumin can modulate the expression of VEGF and TSP-1
in thoracic aortic aneurysms. Human TAA samples showed
increased VEGF expression and neovascularization compared
with normal aortic wallsˈwhile the expression level of TSP-
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
25
1 was weaker than that of the normal. Rat TAA models were
treated with curcumin or phosphate-buffered saline and
sacrificed 4 weeks after the operation. Treatment with
curcumin resulted in reduced aneurysm size, restored wavy
structure of the elastic lamellae. Interestingly, curcumin
decreased the expression of VEGF and enhanced TSP-1
expression. At the same time, curcumin attenuated MMP-9
expressions in periaortic tissue of TAA. VEGF was increased
and TSP-1 was decreased in the aortic wall of TAA.
Treatment with curcumin inhibited TAA development in rats,
in association with suppression of the expression of VEGF
and upregulation of theTSP-1.
IFAA2014-1-091
examined the role of the activated microglia in the
development of neuropathic pain. We first examined the
effect of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells (conditioned media) on
induced ER stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Next, we investigated
ER stress in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL). The conditioned
media increased Bip expression, cleaved ATF6 from and
XBP1 splicing in the SH-SY5Y cells. We also found that
results in the spinal nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain
models. In other words that two UPR branches, the IRE1–
XBP1 pathway and the ATF6 pathway were activated by
activated microglia. These results suggest that the activated
microglia play a role in pain maintain in the neuropathic pain
through ER stress.
RhoGDI2 controls for migration of astrocytes
following an excitotoxic lesion in the mouse
hippocampus
IFAA2014-1-093
Min-Hee Yi1, Kisang Kwon2, Enji Zhang1, Hyunjung
Baek1, Se Na Kim1, Young Ho Lee1, Dong Woon Kim1
Byung-Pil Cho, Min-Ho Jung, Byung-Young Choi, JiYong Lee, Chang-Sung Han, Jin-Suk Lee, Won-Gil
Cho, Young-Chul Yang
Types of articular facets of the clinical subtalar
joint
1
Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute,
Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
South Korea; 2Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine,
Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
*minibboto@nate.com
Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of
medicine, Republic of Korea.
* bpcho@yonsei.ac.kr
RhoGDI (Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor) was identified as a
down-regulator of Rho family GTPases typified by its ability
to prevent nucleotide exchange and membrane association.
Although RhoGDI2 was shown to function as a metastasis
regulator, little is known about PDK1 changes in glial cells
under neuropathological conditions. In current report,
RhoGDI2 was monitored specially on astrocyte migration,
following the induction of an excitotoxic lesion in mouse
brain by using kainic acid administration. In injured
hippocampal CA3 region, RhoGDI2 was increased from 1
day
until
3
day2
post-injection.
Double
immunohistochemistry further evaluated that these RhoGDI2
were localized in astrocytes not other cells. RhoGDI2
overexpression leads to inhibit phosphorylation of Protein
kinase B (PKB/Akt). In conclusion, our results suggested for
the first time that RhoGDI2 is required for control of
astrocyte migration via PKB signaling in KA-mediated
excitotoxic lesion in mouse brain
IFAA2014-1-092
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on
autophagy in neuropathic pain
Types of articular facets of the clinical subtalar joint were
analyzed using 120 (right 58, left 62) paired talus and
calcaneus from 68 Korean adult cadavers (male 42, female
26). The three articular facets were classified as follows: type
A, all the three facets are separated; type B, anterior and
middle facets are partially connected; type C, anterior and
middle facets are fused to form a single facet. The continuity
between anterior and middle facets was represented by the
degree of separation (DS). DS of type A was determined as
2.0, type C as 1.0, and DS of type B was marked between 1.0
and 2.0 according to the ratio of separation. In the calcaneus,
type A (38.7%) was the most common, and type B was
32.8%, type C 28.6%. On the other hand, in the talus, type B
(46.2%) showed the highest frequency, and was followed by
type C (42.9%) and type A (10.9%). The DS and frequency
of each combination (paired calcaneus-talus) of types of
articular facets were as follows: type A-A, DS 2.0-2.0,
10.9%; type A-B, DS 2.0-1.5, 27.7%; type B-B, DS 1.5-1.4,
18.5%; type B-C, DS 1.4-1.0, 14.3%; type C-C, DS 1.0-1.0,
28.6%. These findings indicate that types of articular facets
of the calcaneus and talus are not congruent over 40% of
people and that anterior and middle facets of the talus tend to
be fused compared with those of the calcaneus.
IFAA2014-1-094
Enji Zhang1, Min-Hee Yi1, Se na Kim1, Hyun Jung
Beak1, Wonhyung Lee2, Dong Woon Kim1
Clonninger’s temperament and character inventory
profiles of anatomists:Is there a relation with
specialty choise?
1
Department of Anatomy Chungnam National Univ. of
Medicine deajeon korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology of
Pain Medicine Chungnam National Univ. Hospital deajeon
korea.
*zhangenji0109@gmail.com
Rengin Kosif1, Numan Konuk2
1
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition that occurs after
nerve damage, such as that induced by bone compression in
cancer, diabetes, infection, autoimmune disease, or physical
injury. Following peripheral nerve injury, spinal microglia
undergo activation, characterized by changes in cell
morphology, protein expression and function. This study
M.D. Assistant Professor Abant Izzet Baysal University,
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Bolu, Turkey
2
M.D., Professor, Istanbul University, Cerrahpaúa Medical
Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
*rengink@yahoo.com
Career psychologists have argued that career choice and
personality are interfere with each other. There has been lots
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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26
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
of investigations that seeking the relationships among career
interests and personality characteristics. There is limited
knowledge of the personality profiles of the anatomists and
its relations with their specialty choices. In this research we
aimed to explore the relationship between personality and
career interest of anatomist. Among 279 anatomists who are
asked to complete the survey via e-mail including three
questionnaires. Seventy nine of them (53 male, 26 female)
responded in the present study. Personality was assessed
using the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory
(TCI). Career interest was determined by Holland’s Theme
Codes. The order of high frequency Holland’s Codes was
social (44.3%), realistic (35.4%), investigative (27.8%),
conventional (19.0%), artistic (7.6%) and enterprising
(5.1%). With regard to temperament components of the TCI
was: Novelty seeking (mean=17.7±4.7), harm avoidance
(mean=13.9±6.1), reward dependence (mean=13.2±3.4),
persistence (mean=5.4±2.1). Character profiles are as
follows: Self-directedness (mean =33.1±6.3), selftranscendence
(mean=17.9±7.6),
cooperativeness
(mean=30.6±5.9). According to the last questionnaire the
most important cause in choosing anatomy is the interest in
anatomy since medical study time. These results in part
support Holland’s theory, which takes the career as a function
of personality.
IFAA2014-1-095
Ulnar artery anatomy for clinical approaches
David Kachlik1,2, Marek Konarik1, Helena
Mensikova1, Miroslav Brtko3, Vaclav Baca1,2
1
Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Department
of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics Jihlava,
Czech Republic; 3Department of of Cardiac Surgery,
University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
*david.kachlik@lf3.cuni.cz
Upper limb arteries are nowadays the method of choice for
cardiological interventions, used as a graft for cardiosurgery,
pedicle vessels of flaps for plastic surgery and a site for
vascular shunt placement for dialysis. The ulnar artery is a
possible alternative for the cardiological intervention via
radial artery, although the intimate relationship of the ulnar
nerve and deeper location of the bone for compression may
be threatening conditions. Cadaver study of 255 dissected
upper limbs and radiodiagnostic study of 30 catheterization
videos of ulnar artery have been performed. The diameter of
ulnar artery 1 cm proximally to the styloid process of ulna
was 2.5 mm in average and that of the brachioulnar artery
ranged from 1.9 to 2.9 mm. 23% of specimens featured an
arterial variation (brachioradial artery -14%, superficial
brachial artery - 5%, median artery of hand - 3%, accessory
brachial artery - 0.5%). Those related to ulnar artery
(superficial brachioulnar artery - 4% and brachioulnar artery 0.5%) were less frequent. Duplication or absence of ulnar
artery or superficial ulnar artery was not recorded but the
tortuosities of both main arteries were registered in the extent
0-17 cm proximal to the styloid process.
IFAA2014-1-096
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
The effects of kolaviron (a methanolic extract of
garcinia kola seeds) on hypothalamo-pituitarygonadal axis in female wistar rats
Sunday A. Ajayi1, Polycarp U Nwoha2, Onyemaechi O.
Azu1
1
Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R. Mandela School
of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South
Africa; 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical
Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
*ajayis@ukzn.ac.za
This research work accessed the effects of kolaviron on
microantomy of gonad, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
A total of sixty adult female Wistar rats were used for this
experiment. The animals were randomly divided into six
groups: A-F. Group A, were control; Group B were given
kolaviron (200 mg/kg body weight) once daily; Group C
were given kolaviron (100 mg/kg) twice daily; Group D were
given clomiphene citrate; Group E were given kolaviron (200
mg/kg) once daily with clomiphene citrate; Group F were
given kolaviron (100 mg/kg) with clomiphene citrate.
kolaviron was administered for fourteen day orally while
clomiphene citrate was administered for five days orally. Five
(5) animals in all the groups were mated with viable males
for morphological analysis. At the end of the experimental
period, thirty of the animals (five from each group) were
anaesthesized by chloroform inhalation. The ovary, fallopian
tube, uterus, pituitary gland and brain were removed and
fixed for light microscopy. The results showed that average
weight of litters, relative gonads and brain weights,
significantly difference (P<0.05) across the groups. The
histoarchitechture of the ovary showed reduction in the
number of growing follicles, inflammed uterus and fallopian
tube, recovery pituicytes distortion but recovered with intake
of clomiphene citrate without posing any adverse effect on
the hypothalamus. Conclusively, kolaviron blocked ovulation
resulting into infertility in female wistar rats with the
advantage of reversibility.
IFAA2014-1-097
Surface EMG activity of ulnar flexo extensor
muscles of the wrist during ulnar deviation
Josefa Carrascosa-Sánchez, Soledad AguadoHenche, Pía Spottorno-Rubio, Asunción BoschMartín, Ana Slocker-Arce
Department of Surgery, medical social and
sciences.University of Alcala.Alcala de Henares.Madrid.
Spain.
*josefa.carrascosa@uah.es
The hand is a tool used for pressure, strength and work
related activities of daily life. Overload and repetitive strain
may alter normal functioning, leading to injuries and
disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
elctromiografic behavior of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris y Flexor
Carpi Ulnaris muscles during ulnar deviation at 60º/s y 180º/s
isokinetic velocity. 24 young subjects, without any prior wrist
pathologies were asked to carry out an ulnar and radial
deviation in a Biodex System 3PRO isokinetic dynamometer
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
27
while electromiografic activity was registered with surface
electrodes by ME6000 electromyography synchronized with
video. Each muscle presents a similar activity rate
standardized with the isometric contraction during ulnar
deviation in every isokinetic speed studied. For the two
studied muscles, an increase of isokinetic velocity reduces the
level of muscle activity with statistically significant
differences (p”0.05). Both muscles behave similarly as
isokinetic muscular strength.
IFAA2014-1-098
Isokinetic dinamometry evaluation of the wrist
radial and ulnar deviators muscles
Ana M. Slocker-de Arce, Maria P. SpottornoRubio, Asuncion Bosch-Marin, Mauricio HernandezFernandez, Josefa Carrascosa-Sanchez
players. Seventy multisport male athletes, twenty-nine
multisport female athletes and twenty-six handball male
players participated in the study. The anthropometric
variables studied were the size; height, weight and percent
body fat, and the isokinetic variable studied were the work.
The higher relationships were found in multisport female
athletes, followed by multisport male athletes and lowest
relationships were found in handball players. Handball player
group results may indicate that the greater number of hours of
training lower correlation of anthropometric variables with
the work. Similarly, strength training for the recruitment of
large motor units, which made the handball players, could
also be the cause of lowest relationships between the work
and the anthropometric variables studied.
IFAA2014-1-100
Princeps pollicis artery – fake or reality?
David Kachlik1,2, Jakub Miletin1, Vaclav Baca1,2
Departament of Surgery and Medical social science. Human
Aratomy Ares. Faculty of medicine. University of Alcala.
Madrid.Spain.
*ana.slocker@uah.es
1
Muscle strength measurement of the wrist flexor extensors
using isokinetic dynamometry has been often studied.
However, little data exists on wrist ulnar and radial deviators
muscles. These muscles are extremely important in active
hand movements and have also a significant impact in case of
injury. The purpose of this study was to determine muscular
strength values during ulnar and radial deviation at 60º/s y
180º/s. Thirty-one healthy male subjects in the age range of
18 to 20 years old were analyzed. Thirty-one right hands
were studied. Peak isokinetic torque value for radial deviators
and ulnar deviators were measured at 60º/s y 180º/s. The
average values for peak torque at 60 º/s were 15, 03 Nm for
radial deviation and 17, 03 Nm for ulnar deviation. The
average values for peak torque at 180 º/s were 12, 16 Nm for
radial deviation and 14, 7 Nm for ulnar deviation. The
standardization of simple objective parameters are necessary
when interpreting results carried out in the functional
evaluation of the wrist for its practical application in
hospitals, rehabilitation and expert reports.
IFAA2014-1-099
Relationship of anthropometric measures and
isokinetic work in the shoulder rotation
Ana M. Slocker-de Arce1, Juan C. ZapardielCortes2, David Valades-Cerrato2, Josefa CarrascosaSanchez1
Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 2Department
of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics Jihlava,
Czech Republic.
*david.kachlik@lf3.cuni.cz
The arterial supply of thumb is of clinical relevance mainly in
plastic surgery. Although the term princeps pollicis artery
(arteria princeps pollicis) is a long-time used term and
mentioned in BNA 1895, TA 1998 (A12.2.09.036) and in the
Hand Terminology for Hand Surgery, it is not one
morphological structure. The term princeps pollicis artery
describes a thick short artery, a terminal branch from the
radial artery, supplying majority of the thumb. But this
theoretical definition does not match the reality in majority of
cases. After performing detailed analysis of anatomical and
surgical literature and own anatomical research in cadavers
(250 hands) and ultrasound in volunteers (100 hands), the
results led us to propose deletion of this term from
Terminologia Anatomica and everyday use. The thumb is
supplied dominantly by one source in 85% of cases: in 66%
by deep system (deep palmar arch or first palmar metacarpal
artery), in 13% by superficial system (superficial palmar arch
or superficial branch of radial artery) and in 16% by dorsal
system (first dorsal metacarpal artery). Based on these
results, the term princeps pollices artery can be applied to the
specific patient vessel only (it is a functional unit with
interindividual difference).
IFAA2014-1-101
Consequences of compromised mechanical coupling
in desmoglein 2-mutant mice for cardiomyocyte
function and survival
1
Departament of Surgery and Medical social science. Human
Aratomy Ares. Faculty of medicine. University of Alcala.
Madrid. Spain; 2Department of Biomedical Science. Fhysical
and sport training. Faculty of medicine. Universiti of Alacal.
Madrid. Spain.
*ana.slocker@uah.es
Sebastian Kant, Claudia A. Krusche, Rudolf E. Leube
The relationship between isokinetic work and anthropometric
measures is an area of particular interest to a number of
coaches. The aim of this study was to compare the
relationship between several anthropometric measures and
isokinetic work generated in the rotational motion of the
shoulder joint complex in three groups of athletes: multisport
female athletes, multisport male athletes and handball male
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany.
*rleube@ukaachen.de
Cardiomyocytes are attached to each other by
multicomponent junctions at the intercalated disk. The
resulting robust mechanical and functional coupling supports
coordinated and highly adjustable cardiac contractility during
the entire life time. Disturbance of desmosomes, which are
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28
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
part of the intercalated disk structure, has been implicated in
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).
To examine the underlying pathomechanisms, we prepared
mice with mutant and conditionally null alleles of the
desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 by homologous
recombination. Homozygous mutant animals replicate key
symptoms of the human disease. They develop pronounced
fibrotic lesions as a result of necrotic cardiomyocyte death
and dilation during postnatal growth. This acute phase, which
occurs in most but not all animals, is followed by a chronic
phase with interstitial fibrosis and slow disease progression.
We pursue the hypothesis that the adhesion-incompetent
desmoglein 2 mutants and the absence of desmoglein 2 both
result in reduced adhesion, which decompensates upon
increasing demands on cardiac output and contractility. We
present morphological evidence for disturbed adhesion and
local induction of cellular stress responses to altered tissue
mechanics. Underlying molecular mechanisms will be
discussed. These data indicate that the initial adhesion
dysfunctions induce subsequent signaling events with
consecutive secondary changes.
The supratrochlear and infratrochlear triangles are identified
between the oculomotor, trochlear and ophthalmic nerves at
the lateral wall of the lateral sellar compartment (cavernous
sinus). These triangles are used as surgical corridors for
approaches to the tumoral lesions, internal carotid aneurysms
and fistulas. The morphometry of these triangles are quite
varied among studies. We aimed to investigate the variative
course of the trochlear nerve and its possible effect on the
anatomy of these triangles. Dissections were carried out
under 3x to 25x magnification of a surgical microscope on 15
cadavers. The lengths of the sides and the areas of the
triangles were measured with ImageJ software. The average
areas for supra and infra-trochlear triangles were 22.6±14.9
mm2 and 76±32.1 mm2, respectively. The frequencies for
triangle types were 36.7% for Type A, 20% for Type B, 20%
for Type C and 23.3% for Type D. As representing surgical
corridors for gaining access to the cavernous portion of the
internal carotid artery, the meningohypophysial trunk and the
postero-inferior venous space, these triangles are of
importance for neurosurgical procedures.
IFAA2014-1-104
IFAA2014-1-102
Anatomy of the first extensor compartment and its
importance in de quervain disease.
Ilke a. Gurses, Osman Coskun, Ozcan Gayretli, Aysin
Kale, Adnan Ozturk
Anatomy, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of MedÕcÕne,
Istanbul, Turkey.
*iagurses@gmail.com
De Quervain disease is the stenosing tenovaginitis of the first
extensor compartment. It is diagnosed with a history of pain
at the radial aspect of the wrist and a positive Finkelstein test.
Although anatomic variations, such as a septum within the
compartment, are considered as risk factors, bony anatomy of
distal radius is studied scarcely in the literature. We dissected
50 wrists of 26 cadavers. Presence and location of a septum
within the compartment was evaluated. At the distal radius,
we classified distinct two grooves as Type 1, a distinct single
groove as Type 2 and an indistinct single groove as Type 3.
The septum was absent in 23 sides (46%). A septum was
present in 27 (54%) sides (15 incomplete 30%, 12 complete
24%). Distal radius was observed as Type 1 in 28 (54%), as
Type 2 in 14 (28%) and as Type 3 in 8 (16%) sides. We
investigated the bony structures of the compartment along
with its content and we believe our results might guide
clinicians who diagnose and treat de Quervain tenovaginitis.
IFAA2014-1-103
The course of the trochlear nerve at the lateral wall
of the lateral sellar compartment and variable
morphometry of the infratrochlear and
supratrochlear triangles
Ilke a. Gurses, Osman Coskun, Ozcan Gayretli, Aysin
Kale, Adnan Ozturk
Anatomy, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey.
*iagurses@gmail.com
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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A review of the isomorphic feature described in
human hyoid bone
Lorenzo M. Hernández-Fernández1, Roberto
Fernández-Baillo2, Soledad Aguado-Henche1, Rosa
Rodríguez-Torres1, Ana Slocker de Arce1
1
Department of Surgery and Medical and Social Sciences,
Area of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Universidad de
Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; 2Department of Basic
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences,
European University of Madrid.
*lmauricio.hernandez@uah.es
Classically the hyoid bone is described as symmetric,
horseshoe shaped or U shaped (Testut, Gray, Bouchet Cuilleret). However, there is no morphological classification
widely accepted by the scientific community. Material and
Methods: A set of 62 samples were analyzed, 31 males and
31 females. The hyoids were classified based on a set of
morphological features: isomorphic - anisomorphic,
symmetric – asymmetric and isometric - anisometric. Results:
The results based of the isomorphic–anisomorphic aspect
show that, considering the whole sample (62 specimens), the
isomorphism was recognized in 42 cases, 23 males (37.1%)
and 19 females (30.6%). Considering the symmetric–
asymmetric feature, 47 hyoids of the sample were described
as asymmetrical shape, 23 males (37.1%) and 24 females
(38.7%). Finally, the isometric - anisometric condition were
analyzed, identifying anisometric features in 39 bones
(62.9%), 22 males (35.5%) and 17 females (27.4%).
Conclusion: As a conclusion, the analysis of our sample
allows question the generally assumption that hyoid is an
isomorphic bone. These results should been take in
consideration in futures reviews about the hyoid. Also, these
results could have a forensic application.
IFAA2014-1-105
Vertebral hemangiomas and their association with
spinal anatomy and pathology
Viviane Slon1, Nathan Peled2, Israel Hershkovitz1
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
29
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; 2Department of
Radiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
*slonviviane@gmail.com
IFAA2014-1-107
Social network analysis: Concepts and applications
in anatomy education.
Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs) are the most common form of
benign tumors in the vertebral column, albeit their etiology is
still unclear. We aimed to characterize VHs from an
anatomical viewpoint by studying their pattern of distribution
along the spine and vertebral body; to detect differences in
spinal and vertebral architecture between individuals with
and without VHs; and to examine whether VHs are
associated with other spinal and generalized pathologies. This
retrospective study was carried out on 196 adults, based on
clinical data gathered from CT scans and medical records.
VHs were present in 26% of individuals. VHs are sexindependent but age-dependent, may appear in all vertebral
levels, and are usually found at mid-height of the vertebral
body or higher. We found that VHs have no effect on
vertebral body size and shape, which argues against a causal
relationship between mechanical stress and VHs. The
significantly smaller basivertebral canal opening in
individuals with VH suggests that changes in blood pressure
in the micro-vasculature of the vertebral body may account
for the development of VHs. The pattern of diseases related
to VHs supports the theory that they are due to a disruption of
minute vascular flow within the vertebral body.
IFAA2014-1-106
Anomalous patterns of the carotid arterial system.
Andrea Kolkenbeck - Ruh, Carol Hartmann, Erin
Hutchinson
School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
*andrearuh8@gmail.com
Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the carotid arteries
is essential in vascular procedures. Currently, little is known
about anatomical variations of this arterial complex within
the South African population. Thus we investigated the
anatomical variation of the carotid arterial complex and the
incidence of atheroma within a South African population.
The carotid arterial systems were exposed bilaterally using
standard dissection techniques in seventy-eight adult
cadavers (male=44; female=34). The level of bifurcation,
incidence of looping and occurrence of common trunks were
recorded. Data was analyzed using frequency and
contingency tables. The carotid bifurcation commonly
occurred at the junction of C3 and C4 vertebrae (66.02%). No
significant differences were observed in the level of the
bifurcation between sexes or sides (all p>0.05). Looping was
observed more frequently in the common carotid artery
(68.6%). A higher incidence of looping of the internal carotid
artery was observed in males (40.4%) (p<0.05). Atheroma
was observed most frequently at the point of bifurcation of
the common carotid artery. South African populations exhibit
similarities with regards to the level of the carotid bifurcation
when compared to other populations. However, significant
differences exist in the looping of the arteries between the
sexes, which may be attributable to hormonal influences.
These variations may influence the dynamics of blood flow
within the arteries and are therefore important in
understanding the aetiology of atheroma.
Wojciech Pawlina1, Frederic Hafferty2
1
Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Program in
Professionalism and Ethics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA.
*pawlina.wojciech@mayo.edu
Social network analysis (SNA) has been applied to issues of
health care environment evaluating relationship of patients,
health care providers and their communities. In medical
education most of the attention is directed toward evaluating
individual students with very little emphasis placed on
understanding the architecture, dynamics or impact of the
“networked” life of medical school. In the last two decades
many medical schools have undergone various types of
curricular reform that resulted in changes of basic science
courses including anatomy. There are many studies that
evaluate impact of didactic hours, types of laboratory
exercises, or effectiveness of various pedagogical methods by
assessing knowledge acquisition and retention by individual
students. However, there are a very few attempts to capture
and analyze the dynamics of relationships between students.
During the Anatomy course at Mayo Medical School studies
were initiated to analyze the structure of the students’ class
network and correlate these findings with academic
performance data obtained from the course. Also students’
perception of the professionalism role model status was
evaluated and correlated with the network structure. The
results indicate that students developed dynamic social
networks between the formal groups assigned by instructors
and informal networks that have more to do with social
factors than academic performance. Network structure, as
well as class perception of professionalism role models
evolved over the duration of the course.
IFAA2014-1-108
Common origin of arteria carotis communis sinistra
and truncus brachiocephalicus
Juluja Zhivadinovik, Dobrila TosovskaLazarova, Marija Papazova, Ace Dodevski, Niki
Matveeva
Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Skopje, R. Macedonia
*zivadinovikj@yahoo.com
The most frequent variation of the origin of a. carotis
communis sinistra is its common trunk with truncus
brachiocephalicus, or as a branch arising from the truncus.
The aim of this study was to present the variation of the
origin of a. carotis communis sinistra from the aortic arch.
The examination was made on 110 unselected human hearts
without pathoanatomical changes, obtained after autopsy of
newborns, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, at the Institute of
Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Skopje. The hearts were taken
with the aortic arch, proximal part of thoracic aorta and lig.
arteriosum. Standard anatomical methods, inspection and
dissection, were used for analyzing the origin of a. carotis
communis sinistra from the aortic arch. The examinations
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30
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
showed that 4 (3.6%) of the cases had atypical origin of a.
carotis communis sinistra from common trunk with truncus
brachiocephalicus, and reduction of the aortic arch branches
in two. The awareness of vascular variations is imperative in
diagnostic procedures and in planning surgical interventions
during clinical practice.
IFAA2014-1-109
Anatomy of the posterior cerebral artery
Ace Dodevski1, Dobrila Tosovska-Lazarova1, Julija
Zhivadinovik1, Marija Papazova1, Menka Lazareska2
1
Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, “Ss. Cyril and
Methodius University”, Skopje, R. Macedonia; 2University
Clinic of Radiology, Skopje, R. Macedonia
*a.dodevski@medf.ukim.edu.mk
With the introduction of new techniques in diagnostic and
interventional radiology and progress in micro neurosurgery,
accurate knowledge of the brain blood vessels is essential in
daily clinical work. The aim of this study was to describe the
different types of PCA origin, its diameter, and to emphasize
their clinical significance. In this study we examined 53
patients who had CT angiography undertaken for a variety of
clinical reasons, performed as a part of their medical
treatment. This study included 24 females and 29 males,
ranging in age from 32 to 73 years; mean age 55.3±11.5
years. The results showed that the diameter of the posterior
cerebral artery was 1.74 ± 0.317 mm on the right side and
1.98 ± 0.408 mm on the left side. The adult configuration was
present in 37 (69.81%); fetal configuration was present in 12
(22.64%) and transitional configuration was present in 4
(7.54%) of the patients. We found two patients with bilateral
fetal type and ten with unilateral fetal type (six on the right
side and four on the left side). Through knowledge of the
anatomy of the intracranial vessels is important to clinicians
as well as basic scientists who deal with problems related to
intracranial vasculature in daily basis.
IFAA2014-1-110
Plastination with silicon and epoxy resin: new
technique and its importance in the study of
anatomy
Nicolás E. Ottone1, Ramón Fuentes
Fernandez1, Homero F. Bianchi2, Rubén D.
Algieri2, Vanina Cirigliano2, Daniela
Caamaño2, Lucero Oloriz2, Maximiliano Lo Tartaro2
1
Plastination at J.J. Naón Morphology Institute, School of
Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, we have
developed a Plastination at Room Temperature technique
with silicones and with epoxy resins (sheet plastination),
including several changes to the original plastination
technique. Pertinent preparations, whole upper limbs, heart
and head-neck have been kept with silicone. With the epoxy
resin technique, we have obtained slices of 3-5 mm of
thickness of knee and head- neck, which have been correlated
to computerized tomography and magnetic resonance scans.
The obtained specimen is much more stable than a specimen
that has been frozen, dehydrated or paraffined. It keeps the
original relief of its surface, as well as the cellular identity up
to the microscopic level, resulting in safe, toxicity-free
anatomical preparations with great application in the practice
of health sciences.
IFAA2014-1-111
Believe or not, the osteocyte, instead of osteoblast,
builds and maintains mineralization in bone
Jerry (Jian) Feng
Biomedical Sciences, TX A&M University Baylor College of
Dentistry.
*jfeng@bcd.tamhsc.edu
For over a century, osteoblasts have been viewed as the cells
responsible for bone formation, whereas the role of the
osteocyte, the most abundant bone cell with a half-life of
decades remains speculative, despite being ideally placed to
initiate and maintain mineralization. Ironically, our
understanding of Ocys is very limited, due to little biological
interest in it, few animal models, and technical difficulties in
handling mineralized tissues. In this work, we developed a
state of the art techniques, including a combination of acid
etched scanning electron microscope, FITC-Imaris and
micro-CT approaches. With these unique approaches, we
demonstrated that osteocyte maturation is directly linked to a
slow mineralization process and that minerals are constantly
“pumped” via their dendrites not only to the surrounding
matrix, but to the bone surface as well. When osteoblast
failed to differentiate into osteocytes in Dmp1-null or Hyp
mice during development, osteomalacia occurred.
Furthermore, abnormalities in blood vessel morphology and
bone matrices developed when osteocytes failed to maintain
their shape, dendrite number and size under estrogendeficiency conditions, resulting in osteoporotic changes in
compact bone. (This research was supported by DE018486
and Amgen grants).
Plastination Center, Odontology School, University of La
Frontera, Temuco, Chile; 2Laboratory of Plastination, J.J.
Naón Morphology Institute, School of Medicine, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
*rdalgieri08@hotmail.com
IFAA2014-1-112
Plastination is an anatomical technique of microscopic
preservation of biological material developed by Prof.
Gunther von Hagens in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1977. In this
process, the water and lipids in biological tissues are replaced
by plastic polymers (silicon, epoxic resins, or polyester),
obtaining dry, odorless and highly durable specimens. At the
Plastination Center of the Odontology School, University of
La Frontera/Temuco/Chile and at the Laboratory of
1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Biometry of the ossicles of the middle ear in humans
O. Binvignat1, P. Lizana2, A. Almagia2, J.C. Torrez3, E.
Olave3
Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile; 2Universidad
Católica de Valparaíso, Chile; 3Universidad de la Frontera,
Chile.
*enrique.olave@ufrontera.cl
The growth and development of the ossicles of the middle ear
do not show large variations after birth. New technologies in
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
31
implant surgery, correction and treatment of diseases of the
middle ear need increasingly larger biometric knowledge of
these ossicles. Therefore, we studied 21 Malleus, 13 Incus
and 3 Estapes of male adult individuals, from dry corpses,
and, one Malleus, one Incus and one Stapes belonging to a
fetus of seven months, male, all Chilean individuals of the
Central Region, Chile. These bones were analyzed and
photographed with a model OPMI Microscope tilting
binocular tube with stereoscopic 3D image. Metric data were
obtained with the Carnoy’s software. The malleus had an
average length of head to handle of 8.1 mm, the anterior
process had a length of 0.6 mm, the lateral process had a
length of 1.1 mm; the long limb of the incus was an average
length of 3.2 mm and the short limb 2.7 mm, the base of the
stapes measured 2.8 mm. In the fetus studied, the length of
the malleus handle-head reached to 6.4 mm and the length of
the handle to the anterior process is 4.1 mm. The results of
the different bones are very similar to each other and despite
not knowing the respective ages between different specimens,
they do not vary greatly. The results are a contribution to the
knowledge of the bony elements of the ear of the Chilean
population.
Reflected ligament: Anatomical and surgical
considerations
The reconstruction of thumbopposition function
using pectoralis minor taking along flap: Applied
anatomic study
Rubén D. Algieri, Eduardo Pro, Maria S.
Ferrante, María de las M. Bernadou, Juan S.
Ugartemendia
Yongqing Zhuang, Hon-tao Xiong, Qiang Fu
Department of Hand˂Microsurgery, Shenzhen People's
Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan
University,Shenzhen city,China.
*xionghongtaosz@126.com
Anatomy Department. School of Medicine, University of
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
. *soleferrante@hotmail.com
To provide anatomic data for reconstructing thumb
opposition function by transplanting partial pectoralis minor
taking along lateral thoracic skin flap. On 20 sides of 10 adult
cadaveric thoracic specimens, the incidence, bilateral
variations of cutaneous and muscular branches of pectoralis
minor originated from lateral thoracic artery were
investigated. Cutaneous and muscular branches of lateral
thoracic artery were sent out permanently (with the incidence
of 80%) to supply lateral thoracic skin and pectoralis minor.
There was no difference of incidence between left and right
sides. The outer diameter of lateral thoracic artery was about
(1.53±0.34) mm, and the length about (4.88±1.20) cm. The
outer diameter of cutaneous branches was about (1.06 0.21)
mm at its starting point and the length˄3.65±0.61˅cm. The
outer diameter of muscular branch was about (1.15±0.20)
mm at its starting point, the length (2.94±0.78)cm, while it
was followed by accompanying veins. It is possible to
reconstruct thumb opposition function by transplanting
pectoralis minor taking along lateral thoracic skin flap.
Anatomic study of the volar approach of endoscopic
carpal tunnel release
Yongqing Zhuang, Ruihong Wei, Hongtao Xiong
Department of Hand˂Microsurgery, Shenzhen People's
Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan
University,Dongmen North Road 1017,Shenzhen
To select 16 specimens of fresh adult upper limb randomly to
observe and measure the anatomical structure in the carpal
tunnel and palm. To select 6 specimens of fresh adult upper
limb randomly to take the operation that cutting off the
transverse carpal ligament and releasing the median nerve of
ECTR by one-point technique in palm. To observe and
measure the structure susceptible to be damagedˈsuch as the
recurrent branch of median nerve. The best entrance point in
palm of ECTR: take a parallel line along the thumb abduction
to the ulnar side, and take a axis from midpoint of the middle
finger and the ring finger to Tendon palmaris longusˈmark
the intersection of the lines,and then take a incision in the
ulnar about 1cm away from the intersection.Operational level
is in the lacunar between superficial fascia and palmar
aponeursis. It’s conductive for the surgeon to take the
operation of ECTR and avoid damagement in cutting off the
transverse carpal ligament and releasing the median nerve
under endoscope.
IFAA2014-1-115
IFAA2014-1-113
IFAA2014-1-114
518020,Guangdong Province,China.
*xionghongtaosz@126.com
Anatomy of the inguinal region is well described in literature,
but there is lack of information related to the reflected
ligament and a dichotomy regarding to its medial insertion.
Observational analysis, through dissections, of the insertion
of the reflected ligament of the external oblique muscle at the
linea alba. 30 formalized corpses were used, on which the
reflected ligament was dissected to its insertion into the linea
alba. Of the 30 bodies, we found the reflected ligament in 25
(83.3 %), 16 (64 %) male and 9 (36 %) female , but only in 2
(8 %) of them, its insertion interdigitated with the
contralateral. In 5 (16.6%) cases, 3 (60%) female and 2 (40
%) male, the absence of that ligament was found. The
reflected ligament was identified in most of our specimens.
Being part of the posterior limit of the superficial inguinal
ring, it is important its anatomical knowledge for the surgical
repair of inguinal hernias with prosthetic placement, using
anterior access.
IFAA2014-1-116
Bonedoc ACL- allowing surgeons to evaluate the
impact of tunnel placement.
Phil Blyth1, Stewart Walsh2
1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
zealand; 2Unisports Sports Medicine, Auckland, New
zealand.
*phil.blyth@otago.ac.nz
Successful Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) graft
reconstruction relies on correct anatomical placement of the
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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32
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
tibail and femoral graft tunnels. Current controversies include
medial portal vs transtibial drilling of the femoral tunnel, and
the effect of femoral insertion point on the subsequent tunnel
length. Incorporation of these concepts into clinical practice
can be improved by allowing surgeons and trainees to
experiment with different surgical techniques and objectively
evaluating the outcome. Simulated surgery provides this
opportunity with less risk to patients. The Bonedoc ACL
surgical simulation app was developed for this purpose. 3D
Datasets of Human Knee were obtained from the Simtk.org.
The datasets were obtained from manually segmented MRIs
of cadaveric knees. Available data included the center of the
footprint of the cruciate ligaments, and positional data during
range of motion. These datasets were then incorporated into
the Bonedoc surgical simulator app. This iOS based virtual
reality simulator allows the user to perform key steps in
arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, using arthroscopic and
surgical views, virtual tibial and femoral tunnels are drilled,
the graft and interlocking screws are placed. Feedback at the
conclusion of the operation includes exact position of the
insertions, graft isometry, tunnel lengths and the ability to
identify impingement. The Bonedoc ACL app allows
orthopaedic trainees to practice a procedure more commonly
performed post fellowship, and surgeons to try out
approaches from the literature outside the operating room.
1
Department of Anatomy, Istanbul University, Istanbul
Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; 2department of
Radiology, Dr Munif Islamoglu State Hospital, Kastamonu,
Turkey
*iagurses@gmail.com
IFAA2014-1-117
IFAA2014-1-119
Bilateral variations of the mental foramen: a case
report
Lymphoid tissue of anorectal zone of human rectum
in prenatal ontogenesis
Sudirman Sudirman1, Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno
Aji1, Annis Syarifah1, Sri Larnani2
Gulzira K. Sagimova1, Yakov Ya. Maul1, Boris B.
Baryshev2, Marina K. Zhanalieva1, Ashim B.
Aubakirov1
1
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia; 2Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences,
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.
*ahmadsenoaji@gmail.com
Mental foramen, which located on the anterior part of the
external surface of the body of mandible, is an important
anatomical landmark in oral and maxillofacial surgery as it
serves as the passage way for mental nerve. In the previous
reports, the most common location of the mental foramen is
below the apex of the second premolar followed by location
between the apex of the first and second premolar. In our
dried mandible, we found a rare location of the mental
foramen which is bilaterally located below the apex of the
first molar. This anatomical variation has not been reported in
Indonesia before. The understanding of this anatomical
variation becomes crucial for clinicians to achieve higher
successful rate in mental nerve block anesthesia and to
prevent mental nerve injury during oral and maxillofacial
surgical procedures.
IFAA2014-1-118
Morphometric and morphologic anatomy of
spinoglenoid notch
Osman Coskun1, Ilke A. Gurses1, Ozcan
Gayretli1, Aysin Kale1, Adnan kina2, Ahmet
Usta1, Kayihan Sahinoglu1, Adnan Ozturk1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Spinoglenoid notch (SGN) is the second most frequent zone
where suprascapular nerve is compressed. We aimed to
investigate the morphology and morphometry of SGN. Fifty
(25 right, 25 left) scapulae were investigated. Width and
depth of SGN was measured and area under SGN was
calculated in reconstructed CT scans. Manually, width of
SGN was measured as 16.9 ± 2.04 mm and 17.4 ± 2.3 mm for
right and left sides, respectively. The width of SGN was
measured as 17.6 ± 1.6 mm and 17.8 ± 2.3 mm on CT scans
for right and left sides, respectively. Manually, depth of SGN
was determined as 17.2 ± 2.04 mm and 17.7 ± 2.02 mm for
right and left sides, respectively. The depth of SGN was
determined as 17.2 ± 2.02 mm and 16.7 ± 1.7 mm on CT
scans for right and left sides, respectively. Area under SGN
was calculated as 278.04 ± 46.05 mm2, and 286.04 ± 63.9
mm2 for right and left sides, respectively. This study is the
first to evaluate morphology and morphometry of SGN.
Further studies should be planned for evaluating relations of
this notch with neurovascular structures.
1
Department of Human Anatomy with Operative Surgery,
Medical University Astana, Astana city, Kazakhstan
2
Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology,
Medical University Astana, Astana city, Kazakhstan
*sagimova.g@gmail.com
Lymphoid formations of anorectal zone are the important
components of the system of realization of immune
protection. The objective of our research is the studying of
the development of lymphoid tissue of the anal canal in the
prenatal ontogenesis. Materials and methods: the work was
done on 93 samples of the rectum of human fetuses obtained
in the result of medical abortions in term of 12-36 weeks. The
research was approved by the Ethical Committee.
Macropreparations of mucous membrane on Hellmah’s
method were prepared. Histological sections stained by
hematoxylin-eozin and on Van-Gieson’s method were
prepared. Suspension of intestinal cells was studied by flow
cytometry for determination of lymphocytes populations.
Research results: On the 13-14th weeks we observed high
endothelial postcapillary veins in lamina propria of mucous
membrane. On the 16th week lymphoid infiltration appears
around veins. On the 18-20th weeks pre-lymphoid nodules
are formed in the upper part of anorectal zone which is
covered by simple cylindrical epithelium and on the 28–34th
weeks there are lymphoid nodules. T-lymphocytes appeared
first, on the 16th week the number of T-lymphocytes are
more for 3 times than B-cells. On the 20th week the number
of B-lymphocytes increases and their quantity is a bit more
than T-cells. On the 28-34th weeks the number of T and Bcells significantly increases, their ratio is 2:1 respectively.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
33
Conclusion. We consider that after 16 weeks of embryonal
development lymphoid formations of anorectal zone are the
part of peripheral immune system.
68%). According to the relation of suprascapular nerve,
artery and vein during their course with STSL, we defined
four different types and investigated the frequency of each
group. We believe that our data about the suprascapular nerve
regarding its relations with the adjacent vascular structures
will be advisor for surgical treatment of SN entrapment.
IFAA2014-1-120
Anatomic correlation of fibular nerve palsy after
short-leg casts.
1
2
IFAA2014-1-122
The determination of vascular cell adhesion
molecule-vcam and intercellular adhesion
molecules–icam in the patients with coronary
atherosclerosis
2
Fatih Dikici , Ozcan Gayretli , Ilke A. Gurses , Aysin
Kale2, Mehmet Erdil3, Adnan Ozturk2, Ahmet
Usta2, Osman Coskun2
1
department of Orthopedics And Trumatology, Istanbul
Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey 2department of
Anatomy, Istanbul Faculty Of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
3
department of Orthopedics And Trumatology, Bezmialem
University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
*iagurses@gmail.com
Nandin G1, Purevjargal L1, Khaliun N2, Erdenebayar
N2, Avirmed A1, Lkhagvasuren Z3, Enebish
S1, Munkhzol M4, Uranchimeg D1, Amgalanbaatar D1
1
Short-leg casts are routine applications in orthopedic practice.
After encountering two patients with transient fibular nerve
palsy due to short-leg casts, we aimed to investigate the
courses of the common (CFN), deep (DFN) and superficial
(SFN) fibular nerves near the fibular neck. We dissected 50
lower extremities of 26 cadavers. The point where CFN or
DFN and SFN crossed over fibular neck, where the nerves
are at risk between fibula and cast, was investigated in regard
to fibular length. The average fibular length was 356.9 ± 26.4
mm. The CFN did not cross fibular neck in any specimen.
The average distance from the tip of fibular head to DFN and
SFN were 42.9 ± 6.5 mm and 52 ± 6.3 mm, respectively. The
ratio of fibular length to given crossing points of DFN and
SFN were found to be 8.5 ± 1.2 and 7 ± 0.8, respectively.
Given the frequent application of below-knee casts, it is
important to determine a safe upper border for CFN, DFN
and SFN. In conclusion, we recommend that the upper border
of short-led casts should not exceed the upper 1/7th of the
fibula length of the patient in order to avoid fibular nerve
palsy.
IFAA2014-1-121
The relationship of the suprascapular nerve and
vessels to the superior transvers scapular ligament,
regarding superior entrapment syndrome.
Osman Coskun1, Ilke A. Gurses1, Ozcan
Gayretli1, Aysin Kale1, Adnan Kina2, Ahmet
Usta1, Kayihan Sahinoglu1, Adnan Ozturk1
1
Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul, Turkey; 2department of Radiology, Dr Munif
Islamoglu State Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey.
*iagurses@gmail.com
The suprascapular nerve (SN) is mostly entrapped within the
suprascapular notch. In this study, our aim is to examine the
morphological features of the superior transvers scapular
ligament (STSL), the relationship of SN with this ligament
and the adjacent vascular structures and any other structures
that may cause the entrapment syndrome. Fifty sides of 26
formaldehyde fixed cadavers (25 right, 25 left) were
dissected. SN beginning from its origin, STSL, and the
vascular structures passing over or under this ligament were
investigated. Morphologically STSL was classified in two
groups; fan shaped (12 cases, 24%), band shaped (34 cases,
Department of Anatomy, Health Sciences University of
Mongolia, Ulanbator, Mongolia; 2Administration, National
blood transfusion and research center, Ulanbator, Mongolia
3
Department of Radiology, Third central hospital, Ulanbator,
Mongolia; 4Department of Pathophysiology, Health Science
University of Mongolia, Ulanbator, Mongolia.
*nandin@hsum-ac.mn
In our study, three hundred fifty four people (N=354) aged
from 21-74 were involved. People were tested by
angiography, considered as a case group (n=181), and nontested control group (n=173). Both group was divided in
three groups of age. Blood serum of the surveyed people was
examined by ELISA test. There are significant differences
(p<0.1) in the expression of ICAM-1 between the case and
control groups. The result of the control group were constant,
and not correlated with the age groups. The result of the case
group was as follows: 2993,5±51,9pg/ml (21-35 ages)
2819,5±56 pg/ml (36-55 ages), 2531,1±73,1 pg/m (56-74
ages), and it was negative correlated with the ages. There are
significant evidence (p<0.001) in the expression of VCAM-1
in the case group that concentration was negative correlated
with the ages, determined as follows: 1328,7±7,9 (21-35
ages), 1305,1±5,6 pg/m (36-55 ages) and 1305,1±5,6 pg/m
(56-74 ages). it is clear that the serum concentration of
VCAM-1 in the case group was higher than control group,
and it was negative correlated with the ages. There are
significant differences (p<0.1) of the occlusion level and the
number of injured vessels of coronary artery between the case
and control groups.Conclusion 1. We found that the ICAM-1
concentration in the patients with coronary atherosclerosis
was higher than in the control group, and number of
molecules tend to increase with ages. Also, higher
concentration of VCAM-1 in case group. 2. There are
significant negative correlation between VCAM-1
concentration and occlusion level of coronary artery.
IFAA2014-1-123
The morbidity of the dorsal spine of 1-st year
students of astana medical university and measures
of its prophylaxis
Dana Anasheva, Gulnar Gabdullina
*dana95-08@mail.ru
Anasheva D.T., Gabdullina G.S. Medical University Astana
Astana, Kazakhstan The morbidity of the dorsal spine of 1-st
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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34
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
year students of Astana Medical University and measures of
its prophylaxis Topicality According to the published
information prevalence rates of spinal deformities, in
different age groups surveyed, varies widely. Taking into
account the analyzed literature, disease and spinal deformity
among students becomes an urgent problem. The purpose of
the research project The study of the spine problem among 1st year students of Astana Medical University and the
development of activities on its prevention. Objectives of the
study. 1. Study the literature data and conduct a comparative
analysis of spinal disease. 2. To study the patterns of
distribution of spinal diseases among Kazakh students. 3. To
analyze the data studied local population and to develop
recommendations for the prevention of spinal disorders.
Material and methods. The research is based on the survey of
250 students of Astana Medical University by
questionnairing. Questionnaire survey is based on a
specialized questionnaire SRS - 24 survey of patients with
spinal disorders. The results of the study. Among the
population of Kazakhstan spinal deformities have been
reported in 0.29% - 0.23% of the population. Scoliosis among
students is 1.75% - 1.38%. The indicator of primary disease
of adolescents was the highest compared with other
population groups and has made 656,0 ± 104,50 / 0000 (95%
CI = 451,2-860,80 / 0000). Conclusion. The number of sick
students decrease if prophylactic measures will be organized
to prevent diseases of the spine, students will be under the
supervision of tutors, pediatricians, orthopedic trauma.
The information about the axillary nerve (AN) is essential for
the surgical anastomosis with radial branches for the
restoration of the deltoid after brachial plexus injury. Forty
arms were dissected to study the AN. AN was divided into
anterior and posterior divisions before entering the
quadrangular space. The posterior division innervated the
teres minor via 1.6 (1-3) branches and also innervated the
spinous part of deltoid in 65%. The length of teres minor
branch was 39 mm. The clavicular and acromial parts of
deltoid were always innervated by the anterior division of
AN. The spinous part was innervated by the anterior and
posterior divisions in 50%, by the anterior division in 35%, or
by the posterior division in 15%. The number of branches to
spinous part was 2 (1-4), and its diameter was 1.2mm. The
diameter of spinous branch from posterior division was larger
than one from anterior division. The number of branches to
the acromial and clavicular parts were 4.6 (2-9) and 4.5 (1-8),
respectively. Running length of clavicular branches from the
anterior division was shorter than acromial and spinous
branches. Entry points of deltoid branches were between
28.1% and 46.6% of length of deltoid from its superior end.
IFAA2014-1-126
IFAA2014-1-124
A giant right head and neck: an anatomical model
by Auzoux in papier maché
1
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente , Jean-Bernard
Gilllot2, Patrick Barbet3
1
Anatomy : LURA, Université de Versailles - Saint Quentin,
UFR S3V, Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Librairie
scientifique Alain Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France
3
Departement d' Histologie, Faculté de Médecine Paris
Descartes.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A giant, anatomical model of head and neck by Auzoux in
papier maché belonged to the scientific library Alain
Brieux/Gillot in Paris. The total heigh was 44 cm. It
represented the right part of a human lower head and its
corresponding mid-sagittal section plus the neck. The
rendering and the anatomical accuracy were good. The
dimanstabled parts were few on this right half. There were
quite few anatomical details. So one could consider that this
enlarged model was mainly made for the teaching to the
secondary schools and not for the students in anatomy of the
medical schools. The condition of the model as its colors
were good. The datation of this model was between 1900 and
1910 according to an inscription by hand-written inscription.
We thanks Mr Alain Piffault.
IFAA2014-1-125
Anatomy of axillary nerve for nerve transfer
Jong-Ho Bang1,2, Jae-Ho Lee1, Bong-Gil Baek1, HeeJun Yang3, Hye-Yeon Lee1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
1
Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Medical College,
Seoul, korea; 2 brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science,
Yonsei University, Seoul, korea; 3Department of Anatomy,
Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
*leehy@yuhs.ac
Morphology of diaphragmatic crura and its
classification
Bong-Gil Baek1, Jae-Ho Lee1, Jong-Ho Bang1,2, HyeYeon Lee1, Hee-Jun Yang3
1
Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Medical College,
Seoul; 2Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei
University, Seoul; 3Department of Anatomy, Gachon
University Medical College, Korea.
*yangmdphd@gmail.com
The Hiatus of diaphragm influence the function of
descending aorta and esophagus. To investigate the
morphology of the crura and hiatuses, diaphragms of 21
cadavers were examined and classified. The fibers forming
the esophageal hiatus crossed over the aortic hiatus (13/21) or
not (8/21). The medial and lateral parts of the crura
overlapped with each other (11/21) or did not (10/21). The
most common shape of aortic hiatus was a triangle leaning to
left side (10/21), which was 36.8 mm wide and 34.4 mm
high. Others were a triangle leaning to right side or an arch
leaning to left side. The most common type of diaphragm was
that has left crus crossing over the aorta, has the crura
overlapped with each other, and has an aortic hiatus of leftside-leaning triangle shape (33.3% 7/21). In conclusion, the
patterns formation of diaphragmatic crura, aortic hiatus and
esophageal hiatus were the keys to group diaphragms into
several types. Their clinical relevance has to be further
investigated.
IFAA2014-1-127
Recovery with plastination technique of formalin
fixed anatomical specimens for teaching in higher
education morphology
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
35
articulation and suggests this be included in contemporary
anatomy texts and atlases.
Andres Fernandez, Jairo Orbes, Ricardo Jimenez
Ciencias Basicas, Facultad de Medicina, Fundacion
Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Colombia
*ricardoj@rocketmail.com
IFAA2014-1-129
The morphology courses taught at Colombia frequently use
specimens and bodies that have been conserved for more than
10 years (this due to the lack of availability of cadavers and
human organs and the traditional preserving techniques using
formalin). The high costs of simulators and alternative
techniques (for fixing and preserving bodies) impedes their
implementation in higher academic education. In the pursuit
of intervening this problem, 5 specimens (aimed for
incineration) were fixed with formaldehyde, immersed in
regular water for a week and, a week later, in saline solution
0.9 %; afterwards the plastination technique was performed
as follows: specimens were dehydrated with isopropyl
alcohol for 12weeks , cleared with methylene chloride,
impregnated with silicon Bioudur S10 ( debris of silicon were
following removed with absorbent paper and curing gas
biodur S3)- this all using the protocol by the university of
Murcia . All the 5 specimens were recovered demonstrating a
significant improving in coloration , appearance and
maintenance of morphological characteristics. Nowadays the
specimens are being used in the academic practices of
Medical and Dentistry students.
Brion Benninger, Adam Burch
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and a
novel subcondylar fracture classification system
IFAA2014-1-128
Anatomy of scapulothoracic articulation, dyskinesis
and diagnosis relative to scapulohumeral rhythm
Brion Benninger
Medical Anatomy Center, Medical Anatomical Sciences,
Neuromuscular Medicine, Family Practice, Western
University of Health Sciences, COMP–Northwest, Lebanon,
OR. USA.
*bbenninger@westernu.edu
The Shoulder girdle is comprised of a group of joints and is
arguably the primary function to preserve day-to-day
activities and autonomy. Many shoulder injuries are not due
to acute trauma. Understanding anatomy causing chronic
should pain is paramount. Scapulothoracic (ST) rhythm is
recognized among shoulder specialists but less familiar with
anatomists and general physicians. This study investigated
the clinical anatomy of the ST region. Literature search was
conducted regarding ST anatomy and clinical use. Forty
cadavers were dissected identifying the ST region. Healthy
individuals (20) were observed abducting their arms from
their waist to the overhead position. Literature search
revealed the term and anatomy of ST region in shoulder and
sports medicine journals, but not highlighted in contemporary
anatomy texts or atlases. Dissection demonstrated ST region
with a clear fluid interface. Twenty individuals had ST
movement during bilateral abduction from waist to head.
Chronic shoulder pain is a common and serious complaint
with debilitating consequences. It is important to assess the
ST region during a comprehensive shoulder examination with
coracopectoral sign. Altered ST rhythm may result in
scapular dyskinesis. Teaching ST region anatomy is
important for healthcare providers assessing chronic shoulder
pain. This study revealed the clinical importance of ST
Medical Anatomy Center, Medical Anatomical Sciences,
Neuromuscular Medicine, Family Practice, Western
University of Health Sciences, COMP–Northwest, Lebanon,
OR. USA.
*bbenninger@westernu.edu
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), craniomandibular or
squamomandibular is the most commonly used joint in the
body. It is an atypical synovial bicondylar joint separated into
upper and lower cavities. Half of the adult population will
suffer from at least one TMJ dysfunction symptom. Soft
tissue injuries often involve the disk. Fractures are often
classified with subcondylar fractures (SCF). There are
multiple classifications of SCF with no standardization.
Objective of this study was to identify clinically relevant soft
tissue imaging anatomy of the TMJ joint and create a
universal SCF classification system. Literature search was
conducted regarding common soft tissue TMJ imaging
anatomy and SCF classifications. Forty human TMJ joints
were dissected. SCF were analyzed and quantified against a
human mandible. A new SCF system was developed.
Literature search revealed TMJ soft tissue imaging
difficulties. At least 6 SCF classification systems were
identified. TMJ dissections demonstrated common soft tissue
anatomy not readily seen on most imaging modalities. TMJ
dysfunction is reaching pandemic proportions. Twenty five
percent of the adult population will suffer from severe
symptoms of TMJ dysfunction. There are multiple SCF
classification systems. None integrate logical anatomy with
clinical presentations. This study combined anatomy and
clinical conditions to create a universal SCF classification
system. This study revealed common TMJ soft tissue
anatomy with imaging and suggests a novel universal SCF
classification
IFAA2014-1-130
An anatomical model of ear in plaster (gillot-brieux)
of the 20th century
Patrice P. Le-Floch-Prigent
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A very enlarged anatomical model of ear in plaster belonged
to the Gillot-Brieux bookstore in Paris (47 rue Jacob). This
model was probably designed and built in Europe at the
beginning of the 20th century. Neither trade, nor date were
found on the model. It laid on a black painted basis in wood
which measured 48x41x4,4 cm. The model width was 41 cm
and the pavilion of the ear measured 24x14 cm. It was fixed
on the basis by two bolted stems. Not any part of the sample
was dismantabled. The three parts of the ear (external, middle
and internal) were represented on a frontal cross- section with
a very good representation of all the elements: particularly
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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36
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
the cochlea and one of the semi-circular canal presented on a
cross-section with a 25 mm diameter. The ossicles had
vanished except the stapes. The internal carotid artery was
represented in red and cross-sectionned at its two points of
penetration through the cranium (endo- and exo-cranial
ones). The parotid gland was represented in yellow with
small embossments; its diameter was 30 mm. The vestibulocochlear cranial nerve (VIII) was represented with its two
components from the organs of reception. The anatomical
rendering was accurate with a fair representation of the
osseous structures
accessory nerve (XI), the thyro-cervical artery and its
branches. In the antero-inferior angle, the lower parts of the
internal and external jugular veins were represented. Several
damages through the model proved that it was hollowed with
a thickness of less than one centimeter. It was obtained from
a mould. Each dissected element was painted in the usual
colors of the anatomy
IFAA2014-1-131
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente
Gorilla gorilla: An anatomical, dismantable, real
sized model in papier mache of the 19th century of
the auzoux factory
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente1, Jean-Bernard Gillot2, J.
Patrick Barbet3
1
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux; 2Librairie scientifique Alain
Brieux/Gillot, Paris 6ème, France; 3Departement of
Histology, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The anatomy of the Gorilla is poorly studied and published,
most often in a partial or incomplete manner. In the second
half of the19th century, AUZOUX a french physician built
anatomical models in papier-maché which were
internationally spread. He realized a real-sized model of a
female Gorilla after a dissection of its own. He chose
aesthetic aspects as the grasping of branches and a muscular
representation on the lefts side versus an osseous one on the
left. This model is really a scientific document as it recorded
the name, function and innervation of the muscles on their
hidden parts. These data remains unique. This model was non
colored; several known other ones were colored. The
production was probably very limited.
IFAA2014-1-132
Dissection of the supra-clavicular region, a plaster
of the b. cuneo's collection
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The anatomical veracity of an anatomical model of the B.
CUNEO collection (#9 series) was studied. It belonged to the
teaching collection of the René Descartes University. It
represented the upper part of the trunk with the right
shoulder, neck and head. The sagittal, median aspect was
plane and painted in black as two other smaller, plane areas
on the head : an horizontal one (with the lines: "Collection B.
CUNEO/série n°9) and a coronal, posterior one. The
dissection represented exclusively the right, supra-clavicular
triangle. Its limits were the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, the
trapezius muscle and the middle third of the clavicle. The
omo-hyoid muscle was represented as partially resected. The
content of the region was the scalene muscles, some elements
of the brachial and superficial cervical plexuses, the
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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IFAA2014-1-133
An enlarged anatomical model of the eye in papier
mache by the doctor auzoux
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An enlarged, anatomical model of eye in papier-maché
belonged to the scientific bookstore GILLOT-BRIEUX (48
rue Jacob, PARIS 6ème). The model measured 40x40x30 cm.
It represented the adult, human eye in two halves separated
by an horizontal plane, in order to expone the internal
structures with the transparent components which were
removable. The vascular rendering was very detailed. The
orbital cavity was represented only in its inferior half. The
muscles of the orbit and the arteries were represented and
also the infra-orbital and nasal parts of the adjacent face. This
model was one of the very first in the production of Doctor
AUZOUX (19th century) in its village of Saint Aubin
d'Escroville in Normandy (LEMIRE, 1990). It was recently
reproduced by its successors. The anatomical models of
AUZOUX were very accurate and could be compared during
the 19th century, only with composite models of
TRAMOND.
IFAA2014-1-134
Great coelomic cavity : An anatomical model in
papier mache, 20th century
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A real sized, anatomical model in papier-maché of the great
celomic cavity in an adult belonged to the GILLOT/BRIEUX
scientific bookstore (48 rue Jacob, PARIS 6ème). It was
probably designed and built in the first half of the 20th
century in Europe. Neither trade mark, nor date were found.
It laid on a huge basis in wood (45x90 cm) painted in black
on the visible aspects. A cloth surrounded the inferior part of
the trunk. The anterior aspect of a complete dissection of the
thorax, abdomen and pelvis was represented. The right lung
was frontally cross-sectionned and the main mediastinal
vessels were represented. At the abdominal level, the
emphasis was on the retro-peritoneal region with the urinary
system (kidneys, ureters) and the adrenal glands. The muscles
of the (thoracic and abdominal) walls were detailed on frontal
cross- sections. Quite certainly, the purpose of this model was
the teaching in the universities (medical schools).
IFAA2014-1-135
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
37
CT-scan of an osseous head in a ram: cross-sections
and reconstruction
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigente
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An osseous head of a ram with horizontal horns of unknown
age and origin was CT-scanned (CIMOP, Siemens 64 bars) in
a systematical manner. The encumbrancy measurements were
25,5 cm long, 13 cm width and 15 cm deep. The horn’s
lengths were 47 cm. The para-sagittal cross-sections (476)
were these of the plane of acquisition. The cross-sections in
the two other perpendicular planes were reconstructed ones.
They were 402 for the frontal ones. The horizontal plane of
reference had been chosen as the orbito-meatal one. The
views were interesting on the descriptive and topographical
aspects. The nine reconstructions brougth interesting details
and also the possibility to move the sample without any hand
manipulation. Two measurements of density on the horn gave
177 Hounsfield Unities near the bone (1490 UH) and 219 HU
more distally on the horn.
IFAA2014-1-136
Osseous head in a roebuck (Capreolus capreolus) :
seriated CT-scan in the 3 planes and
reconstructions
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2
1
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux; 2CIMOP, radiology, Clinique du
Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, France.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An osseous head of a roebuck (without the mandible)
probably 3 year old, of unknown origin, was CT-scanned
(CIMOP, Siemens 64 bars) in a systematical manner. The
encumbrancy measurements were 19 cm long, 9 cm wide and
9 cm high. The cross-sections were in the three perpendicular
planes. The horizontal plane of reference had been chosen as
the orbito-meatal one. The plane of acquisition was the
frontal one The views were interesting on the descriptive and
topographical aspects. The reconstructions brougth
interesting details and also the possibility to move the sample
without any hand manipulation. Some measurements of
density were performed on the vertical horns (19 cm long).
IFAA2014-1-137
A human, left temporal bone: a complex anatomical
model of the middle stage of the basis of the
cranium with aperture of the middle ear cavity and
vascular representations
It was mounted on a wooden basis (9 x 9x 1,8 cm) by a
metallic stem; a label « Clay Adams Co Skeletons.
Anatomical And Biological Models 25 East 26th New York »
was sticked on its superior face. Its maximal dimensions were
10 cm long, 9 cm high and 6 cm wide. It belonged to the
scientific, Alain Brieux Library in Paris. Several (arteries and
veins) vascular representations were figured. The bone had
been sawed along its longitudinal axis in order to expone the
middle ear. A window had been hollowed on the superior
face of the temporal bone to expone the semi-circular canals;
another one had been removed from the external face of the
mastoid process showing its cavities. The simplicity of the
mounting of this model made from real bones was only
apparent and the manufacture could have been delicate. This
model had been probably produced in the years 1940 (Carline
Zanon). We thanks Mr Alexandre Piffault.
IFAA2014-1-138
Orfila museum in Paris "Booklet of the museum of
normal anatomy", masson, 1865
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent
1
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A "Booklet of the Museum of Normal Anatomy", was
published by Victor Masson and son(s) in 1865 in Paris. It
was a repertoir of the samples of the Orfila's museum in
Paris, very probably finished in the beginning of 1863 (as
authentified by the preface by J. MMaissiat, the curator and
certainly the main author). It was reduced in size (12,3 x 18,7
cm) and short (123 pages). It was divided in four parts :
organs of the external life (relation), of the internal life
(organical), of the generation, development of the organs. It
will be followed by the catalogue of Charles Houel in 1880,
Paris, Masson; and the catalogue of "Surgical and
Radiological Anatomy" in 1995, Springer Verlag. The
Orfila's museum vanished from Paris in 2009. This booklet is
very interesting as the authors of the models were noticed
when they were known.
IFAA2014-1-139
An entire, isolated liver in papier maché by Auzoux
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Jean-Bernard Gillot
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
A complete, isolated liver in papier maché made by Auzoux
was studied. It was of natural size. Very realistic and painted
with natural colors, this anatomical model was very
representative of the production by Dr Auzoux during the
19th century in Paris. It can not be dated with certainty and it
belonged very probably to the "real-size human model", an
iconic collection. The numbers inscribed on the model were
identified. The anatomical veracity was excellent.
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Jean-Bernard Gillot
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
IFAA2014-1-140
A left temporal bone with somme elements of the adjacent
sphenoid and occipital bones, exponed the exo and endocranial aspects of the middle floor of the basis of the cranium.
CT-scan of the cranium of René descartes
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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38
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Stéphane
Verdeille2, Alain Froment3
1
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2CIMOP, radiology,
Clinique du Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, France; 3Musée de
l'Homme, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie, MNHN, Paris,
France.
* patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The CT-scan of the René Descartes cranium (collection of the
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris) was performed on a
Siemens sensation 64 apparatus. The acquisition was realized
in the orbito-metal horizontal planes. Then the frontal and
sagittal planes were reconstructed.Dental and panoramic
dental CT-scan, osseous reconstructions and intra-cranial
reconstructions were performed. The intracranial capacity
was between 1413 and 1431 cc depending of the plane. The
main interest of the CT-scan was to perform a complete and
accurate study without any damage to this rare historical
sample.
IFAA2014-1-141
Head and neck dissection: a non-colored anatomical
model in plaster of the Nicolas-Augier-Roux
collection
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The aim of the study was to appreciate the anatomical
veracity of a non-colored, plaster sample of the NicolasAugier-Roux (beginning of the 20th century in Paris). The
sample belonged to the teaching collection of the department
of anatomy, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris 6ème. It was
studied and photographed to determine its technics of
presentation and of fabrication. We observed the sample after
cleaning and measuring. It was similar to another model
belonging to the department of anatomy in Brussels (ULB)
which head was CT-scanned: Pr LOURYAN. These cheap
models were teaching tools which can still be useful in the
departments of anatomy as they are very anatomically
accurate.
IFAA2014-1-142
Dissection of a female perineum: A colored
anatomical model in plaster of the middle of the
20th century
Patrice P. le Floch-Prigent
Anatomy: LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The aim of the study was to analyze the anatomical veracity
of an anatomical model of the dissection of a female
perineum, realized in plaster by the factory: "Sciences and
Medecine", in Paris, in the middle of the 20th century. It was
a colored representation of a dissection which was different
on each side. The teaching model belonged to the collections
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
of the department of anatomy, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris
6ème. We determined its technics of presentation and
fabrication. The sample was observed after cleaning and
measuring. At least we performed photographies with a
numerical camera under several angles of view. The
anatomical veracity was good and this types of teaching
models could be still useful in the departments of anatomy.
IFAA2014-1-143
The nerves of the face : An anatomical model of
head in wax by Tramond, observation and
photographical three-dimensional reconstruction
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Farida Drifi
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The aim of the study was to check the anatomical veracity of
the model of wax N°262, from the Orfila’s Museum (Paris)
made by Tramond, entitled « nerves of the face ». We
successively took several numerical photographs with several
view angles; anatomically described the nerves of the face as
they were represented on this model; correlated the
anatomical veracity of this representation with the classical
textbook’s data; approached the technical bases of
fabrication; and collected several successive photographs of
the specimen every 5°, all along 180°, thus allowing
animated rotation on computer, using the Quick Time Virtual
reality program. The oversize of the model excluded a set on
a real human skeleton. The building technique of the model
was deduced from known data but could not be completely
reported. The anatomical veracity of the model was excellent.
The difficulties of realization in wax of an oversized model
of the nerves of the human face were solved in the late 19th
century, in Paris, by Tramond’s factory. They remain
unequalled. The work of numerisation and its free disposal on
the internet permit to make available for everybody this
sample of the collection of the Orfila’s museum which was
evacuated on december 2009, after its closure.
IFAA2014-1-144
Anatomical model in wax of the sympathetic
nervous system: observation and numerical
photography in rotation
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Isabelle Darnaud
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An anatomical model in wax of the right sympathetic nervous
system was mounted on a real skeleton with the osseous
elements in connection. The sample belonged to the Spitzner
collection from the Orfila’s museum (Paris), which closed
and evacuated in December, 2009. Its number was #1232
(Surgical and Radiological Anatomy catalog, 1995, suppl.1).
It was photographed in rotation every 5 degrees on 360
degrees in its whole and on its three main, vertical, stages in
order to get a 3-dimensional numerical reconstruction and to
deliver it freely on the net for every interested public. A
numerical D-40 Nikon camera was used and a rotational
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
39
device made of two thick, circular, identical marble disks
assembled by a ball-bearing. The upper disk was graduated
on its periphery. The attentive observation of the sample
alllowed to appreciate its excellent anatomical veracity.
IFAA2014-1-145
Anatomical model in wax of the « heart, lungs,
posterior view » : Observation and numerical
photography in rotation
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, M. Chevalier2
the model which represented the external carotid artery with
its terminal bifurcation, several collateral branches specially
the posterior auricular artery at the two extermities of the
carotid canal. The cochleo-vestibular and facial nerves as
well as other elements of small caliber were exactly figured
and labelled by a number.The middle ear components were
disassembled. The ossicles of the middle ear and the
peritoneal tympanic membrane were dismountable as a
whole.This kind of rare model can be dated at the earliest :
1835.
IFAA2014-1-147
Ear : Observation of an enlarged, dismantable
anatomical model of the middle of the 20th century
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Anatomy, Faculté de
médecine Paris Descartes.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Patrick Barbet2
The aim of the study was to appreciate the anatomical
veracity of an anatomical wax representing the heart and the
lungs from a posterior view, and to realize a numerical,
photographical tri-dimensional series of photographs. The
free diffusion on the internet allowed to realize a work of
memory. We used a numerical photographical series (7.2
mega-pixels) and a rotational device made of two identical
superimposed marble disks linked by a ball bearing. The
upper one was graduated on its periphery. The anatomical
specimen was carefully laid and centered on the upper disk.
The pictures were shot every 5° on more than 180°. The
observation of the sample allowed the identification of the
main anatomical structures (heart, mediastinum, lungs), to
measure it and to observe the way of fabrication.The
numerical examination (with a stop on the picture) allowed to
study more in detail the relationship between the different
organs, the structures crossing the mediastinum and their
positions in the space as well.This study emphasized the
quality of this work of ceroplasty realized in the end of the
19th century and also offered the veracity of the relationships
existing between the different structures of the sample. The
rotational acquisition of the pictures allowed to deliver them
freely to every interested public.
IFAA2014-1-146
An enlarged dismantable anatomical model of ear
in papier maché by auzoux, observation and
photographical three-dimensional reconstruction
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent1, Jean-Bernard Gillot2,
Jean-François Uhl3
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; 2Libraire scientifique
Alain Brieux/Gillot, rue Jacob; 3Anatomie, Faculté de
Médecine Paris Descartes.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, FRANCE; 2Histology and
Embryology, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The aim of the study was to study the anatomical accuracy of
a teaching model of an ear made in the midth of the 20th
century. The anatomical model of an enlarged ear (square
wooden base of 48 cm side; length of encombrance : 47 cm ;
total length : 35 cm ; height of encombrance : 50 cm) with a
dismantable cartilaginous pavillion, as well as the upper part
of the petrous pyramid, and separation in two main frontal
parts (“chantourné” plane through the middle ear) by a simple
partial translation of the base, has been studied
morphologically as a whole and following the separation of
its five components, and photographied. The label of the
manufacturer could be found under the base : Sciences et
Pédagogie, 35 rue des petits champs, Paris 1er. The anatomy
of all the components of this specimen was accurate. The
tympanic membrane and the ossicles of the middle ear were
fixed. The vestibulo-cochlear apparatus was dismantable as
well as the upper part of the cochlea.The nerves were all
clearly represented but the vascular components were
restricted to the arteries internal carotid and middle
meningeal (the external carotid artery wass not represented).
With its quasi-photographical precision and its composition
(smoothed plaster) together with its bright colours, this
frequent model had lost the warmth and the charm of the
similar models made during the 19th century, such as the
“papier maché” model manufactured by Dr Auzoux (1835). It
was probably designed both for secondary school and for
medical students.
IFAA2014-1-148
Head of a lama : An anatomical study by ct-scan
and nmr
The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a 19th
century anatomical model of ear by Auzoux (a french
manufacturer). It was 63 cm long, 43 cm wide and 37 cm
high. The disassembled parts were studied on the
morphological aspect in its whole and after removing of its
components : external ear (43x23x15 cm), tympanic drum
and middle ear ossicles, cochleo-vestibular apparatus. The
main dimensions of each part were recorded. The arterial
vascularisation of the three components of the ear and its
sensitive and sensorial nervous system were established on
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Juan Cuba, C Figueira, J
Matino-Luyo
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The head of a lama (Cuzco, Peru) was studied by CT-scan
and NMR. The head had been taken from a recently dead
lama. It was 30 cm long and weighed 3.24 kg. The entire
head without any preparation was CT-scanned and studied by
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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40
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
NMR (CEREMA, avenida Javer Prado in Lima) with crosssections from the front to the back (vertical plane) every 5
mm with 5mm cross-section slices and then reconstructed in
the two other planes (sagittal and horizontal). The
systematical analysis of the views permitted the description
of the muscular, osseous and encephalic relationships
between them and also their isolated aspect in serial anatomy.
The lama is an auchenidae which lives exclusively in South
America.
IFAA2014-1-149
Dissection of the neck: A wax anatomical model
from the spitzner collection in the orfila museum of
anatomy: An observation and photographic tridimensional reconstruction
Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent, Karen Martinello
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An anatomical model of dissection of the human neck with
its supra-clavicular and sub-mandibular regions was studied
in order to determine its anatomical accuracy. The model was
made of brightly colored wax and was of female appearance.
Formerly it belonged to the collection of Dr Spitzner (18331896), and was labelled as #23. It was 36 cm wide and 27 cm
high. The model’s primary views were photographed at 5°
increments in alignment with a 270 degree vertical axis, in
order to obtain a tri-dimensional photographic reconstruction.
The arterial and venous vessels were enhanced as well as the
thyroid and sub-mandibular glands. The musculo-cutaneous
frames were limited to five main regions of dissection. The
nerves and lymphatics were not represented.
IFAA2014-1-150
Left hemicranium : Cranial nerves, an anatomical
model in wax by tramond (orfila museum, paris):
study and reconstruction by photography in
rotation
Stanislas Paravey, Patrice P. Le Floch-Prigent
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
An anatomical model in wax by Tramond (middle of the 19th
century) represented the cranial nerves of a left hemicranium.
The aim of the study was to verify its anatomical accuracy, to
realize a tri-dimensional visualization by computer and finaly
to digitize them. It belonged to the Orfila museum (Paris). It
represented the last cranial nerves, especially the facial nerve
and its branches. To perform the photographic rotation every
5° along 360°, we used a special device made of two
identical, superimposed, marble disks linked by a ball
bearing. A numerical camera and the Quick Time Virtual
Reality software were used. 72 pictures were shot. This wax
was realized with a great morphological accuracy from a true
cranium as a support for the cranial nerves. The Orfila
museum was closed and evacuated on December, 2009.
IFAA2014-1-151
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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CT-scan of the entire head of an oystrich (struthio
camelus)
Patrice P. Le Foch-Prigent1, Bernard Senecail2, Jean
François Uhl3
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
2
Hôpital Morvan, Brest; 3Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine
Paris Descartes.
* patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The entire head of an oystrich Struthio camelus was studied.
It was an adult female. The dimensions were : 175 mm long,
70 mm wide, 75 mm high. This running ratite is the greatest
living bird and is unable to fly. The CT-scan was perform in
the department of radiology of the Morvan Hospital in Brest
(Finistère). The methods consisted in the conservation by
freezing, the injection of the ocular, dehydrated bulbs. The
head was laid on the radiographical table with
superimposition of the longitudinal axes. A radiographical
mode was chosen for sagittal cross-sections and the
acquisition was helicoïdal in the frontal plane. The results
were: 31 levels of cross-section, kept every 5 mm. The nasal
fossae were a dense, circular mazl. The ocular bulbs were
28,2 mm in diameter. The brain was retro-ocular with a
transversal diameter of 36 mm. An important pneumatisation
of the vault and of the basis of the vault was noticed. As a
conclusion, the CT-scan of this vertebrate, sauropsid,
paleognathic bird showed a complex osseous cranium. This
method afford morphological and topographical details
difficult to obtain by any other non-invasive one. We
acknowledge: Mr Guy Lebec (Oystrichs’ farm in Scaer and
Guidel, Finistère), Mr Robert Josset (Pont Aven), Mr Bruno
Delamain, Pr. Patrick Barbet (Faculté de Médecine Paris
Descartes). Key-Words : Oystrich, Struthio camelus, head,
CT-scan
IFAA2014-1-152
Head of a squale (prionace glauca): Seriated ct-scan
Patrice P. Le Foch-Prigent1, Stéphane Verdeille2
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; 2CIMOP, Radiology,
Clinique du Val d'Or, Saint Cloud, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
The head of a squale (Prionace glauca) from the Oléron’s
island was well-preserved by freezing after fishing. It was
CT-scanned in the frontal plane with joined, thin slices by a
Somaton sensitive Siemens (64 elements) CT-scan. The
horizontal and sagittal plane slices were reconstructed from
the frontal ones. The main interest of the CT-scan was to
perform a complete and accurate study without any damage
to this rare sample. We acknowledge Pr J. Patrick Barbet
(Histology, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes).
IFAA2014-1-153
Anatomy of circle of circulus arteriosus cerebri Willis
Marija Papazova, Dobrila Tosovska-Lazarova, Julija
Zhivadinovik, Ace Dodevski
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
41
Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Skopje, R. Macedonia
*papazova_m@yahoo.com
IFAA2014-1-155
Circulus arteriosus cerebri - Willis is one of the most
important parts of the collateral system of the brain with huge
functional and clinical meaning. The aim of this study was to
determinate
the
morphological
and
topographic
characteristics of the circulus arteriosus cerebri - Willis. The
macroscopic examination was made of the circulus arteriosus
cerebri was made on 100 specimens of human brains fixed in
10% formaldehyde. Standard anatomical methods inspection,
dissection and injection were used. Position, diameter, and
length of the components were examined, including the
number and type of the branches of each component. The
average values of the dimensions (length ant external
diameter of the component of the circulus) were used as
criteria for the determination of the typical polygons and their
variations. Maximal and minimal values of the length and
diameter of the components of the circulus arteriosus cerebri
and the calculated coefficient of variation are presented in
tables. A. communicans anterior showed the largest variation
in its length, and the left a. communicans posterior had the
largest variation in its diameter.
IFAA2014-1-154
An anatomical model of head in wax, made by
zumbo (year 1700) : Observation and
photographical tri-dimensional reconstruction
The discovery of the pulmonary circulation by Ibn
Al Nafis during the 13th century: An anatomical
approach
Patrice P. Le Foch-Prigent, Dominique Delaval
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
Usually William Harvey is credited for the discovery of the
pulmonary circulation. However Al-Tatawi in his medical
thesis in (Frankfurt) assumed that Ibn-Al-Nafis in Cairo was
the true discoverer circa 1280. Meyerhoff, 1935, Chéhaddé,
1955, Chadli et al. 2005 confirmed that « the commentaries
of the anatomy of the Avicenne’s canon » by Ibn-Al-Nafis
contained the description of the pulmonary circulation. By an
attentive reading of the few pages (translation by Chadli from
arabic to french) a convergence of proofs made us completely
sure that Ibn Al Nafis performed several and possibly a lot of
dissection of human hearts completing its wide knowledge in
clinical concerns and physiological deductions. The merits of
William Harvey in the beginning of the 17th century
remained huge but he was aware of the Works of Ibn-AlNafis by Albano who certainly possessed its works.
IFAA2014-1-156
Expression of TRPC6 in perifornical area and its
regulation of food intake activity in rat
Patrice P. Le Foch-Prigent1, Jean-François Uhl2,
Christian Prévoteau2, Vincent Delmas2, Emmanuel
Cabanis3
Xiaohang Jin1, Lin Zhao2, Longbiao Cui1, Juan Shi1
1
Anatomy, LURA, Université de Versailles, UFR S3V,
Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; 2Anatomy, Faculté de
médecine Paris Descartes, France 3Académie Nationale de
Médecine, Paris, France.
*patrice.le-floch-prigent@univ-paris5.fr
To observe by modern technics, an ancient anatomical model;
to validate the feasability and the pertinence of a new
photographical method; to computerize these results and to
diffuse these specific results to the scientific community and
to the great public. An anatomical head and neck wax had
been made in 1700 par Gaetano Zumbo. It belonged to the
Delmas, Orfila et Rouvière’s Museum. It was a composite
sample: over-molded skeleton and wax. The photographs
were made with a digitalized camera, the shots were
performed with an horizontal rotation every 5 degrees. Three
incidences were performed along the obliquity on the
horizontal plane: parallel, 25 degrees and 50 degrees. This
method looked good for the acquisition and for the results. It
multiplicated the incidences and thus the possibilities of
description of the model without the presence of the sample.
It multiplicated the possibilities of comparison. By a possible
free diffusion on the net, it made accessible to everybody:
specialists and large public, the images of historical, unique
and fragile samples which access was confidential, and which
manipulation could only be exceptionnal. This method
completed personnal works of description and radiology (Le
Floch-Prigent: 1999; Le Floch-Prigent, Guerini, Chevrot:
2006). The CT-scan proved the composite nature of the
sample. The medical imaging showed its detailed structure
and construction, the anatomical statement of the skeleton
and the probable sex quit certainly female.
1
Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology,
School of Basic Medicine,The Fourth Military Medical
University. Xi’an 710032, P.R. China; 2Department of
Human anatomyˈMedical College of Yan’an University,
Yan’an 716000, P.R.China.
*shixjuan@fmmu.edu.cn
The orexin system in hypothalamus is involved in the
dynamic regulation of food intake, but so far, the molecular
mechanism underlying is unclear. Our study showed that
TRPC6 channel was highly expressed in perifornical area
(PFA) and shared more than 80% of double labeling with
orexin-A in neurons. The expression intensity of TRPC6 in
PFA was between cerebellum and substantia nigra area.
Except for the exprssion in the neurons of PFA, strong
TRPC6 immunoreactivity (IR) also appeared in astrocytes in
this area. Nevertheless, the subcellular distribution of TRPC6
IR in neurons was condensed in the perinuclear region and
subcytomembrane area, while that in astrocytes showed
evenly distributed properties. Intraperitoneal injection of 2DG could induce activation of TRPC6 expressing in neurons
and its redistribution to subcytoplasmic membrane area,
evidenced by Fos expression. Moreover, the amount of food
intake was significantly reduced when the non-specific (SKF
96365) or specific (ML-9) blockers of TRPC6 was
stereotaxically applied to PFA, with the latter’s effect more
potent than the former. These results suggest that the
expression of TRPC6 in PFA is dynamically changed with
varied pathophysiological stimuli and TRPC6 is intensively
involved in the regulation of food intake activity. This study
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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42
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation
of China (No. 30871004 and 31071012).
IFAA2014-1-157
Unilateral variation of pterion: A case report
Annis Syarifah1, Sudirman1, Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno
Aji1, Sri Larnani2
1
Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Indonesia; 2Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
Indonesia.
*ahmadsenoaji@gmail.com
Pterion isan important anatomical landmark where frontal,
sphenoid,parietal, and temporal bonemet in lateral aspect of
the skull. Several type of pterion has beenidentified in
previous reports. Thetypes of pterionare sphenoparietal,
frontotemporal,
stellate,and
epipteric.We
foundan
unilateralvariation of pterion type in the right side of a dried
skull with sphenoparietal type interrupted by asutural bonein
the distal portion of sphenoparietal suture while the left
pterion shows epipteric type. The sufficient understanding of
pterion variation is paramount as its role as the landmark on
surgery of the anterior branch of middle meningeal artery,
guidance in age and sex determination,also to avoid
misinterpretation as a fracture on the lateral side of the skull.
IFAA2014-1-158
Prediction of musculoskeletal injuries
D. Tosovic, E. Ghebremedhin, J.M.M. Brown
School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland,
Australia.
*danijel.tosovic@uqconnect.edu.au
This study aims to determine whether Mechanomyography
(MMG) has utility in the prediction of musculoskeletal
injuries. MMG is a non-invasive technique able to determine
a muscle’s contraction dynamics. These contraction dynamics
are altered by muscle fatigue- a known factor causing muscle
injury. Thus, it is hypothesised that muscle contraction
dynamics would be significantly affected before/in the event
of an injury. 12 semi-professional soccer players (18-30y/o)
were monitored fortnightly throughout a soccer season.
MMG measures were for observed for the rectus and biceps
femoris muscles in both limbs. Contraction dynamics
measured included: contraction time (Tc), relaxation time, ½
relaxation time and maximal displacement. Results: Although
not found to be statistically significant (P>0.05), Tc measures
appeared to worsen towards the middle of the season and
improve towards the end of the season for both muscles. One
injury was observed, showing a slowing of Tc post-injury and
a progressive return to normal during recovery. The observed
Tc trend may reflect the effect of fatigue towards the middle
of the season, and adaptation to training towards the end of
the season. This data shows that MMG can detect changes in
muscle condition and thus possibly be used as a tool in injury
prediction. Data collected from the injured player shows
MMG has capability in quantifying muscle injury.
IFAA2014-1-159
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
The suspension bridge: A novel approach for
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of
myodural bridges
UBaran Kasirga1, Mustafa F Sargon1, F Pinar
Turkmenoglu2
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe
University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Pharmaceutical
Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
baran.kasirga@gmail.com
The myodural bridge (MDB) is a small ligament connecting
suboccipital muscles to the covering tissue of spinal cord,
called
dura
mater.Suboccipitalmuscles,
including
obliquescapitis inferior (OCI), rectus capitis posterior
major(RCPMa)and rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPMi)
are located at the base of cranium,so that MDBs can twist,
pull or shorten the dura mater and can cause an abnormal
tension which is called MDB dysfunction or
cervicogeniccephalalgia.Ten heads of fresh frozen cadavers
were obtained from Hacettepe University. All dissections
made with conventional techniques which are assisted by a
dissection microscope. Dissection was performed at the
posterior mid-saggital line,between atlas and axis and region
was extracted intact with bone, muscles and dura. MDBs are
recognized under microscope and samples were taken
including dura and muscle from bridges. Samples were fixed
in 2,5% glutaraldehyde and run TEM examination.MDBs
were recognized between dura and RCPMa, RCPMi and OCI
muscles. However, all MDBs are contributed to what
appeared
to
be
a
single
atlantoaxialmyodural
bridge.Musculature of sub-occipital triangle contributes to
fine movement of atlantooccipital joint and attached to the
protective dura via soft fibrous tissue bridges, suspending
outer coverage. MDBs can serve to monitor dural tension in
case including proprioceptive fibers that were visualized in
our study.
A3547
Study of epimedium-containing serum on the
growth and development of the femur of neonatal
SD rat
jian Li, Fan Wang
Chengdu medical collegeˈSichuan universityˈChina
Epimedium-containing serum was made by the
seropharmacology of the traditional Chinese medicine. Femur
in neonatal SD rat were organ culture in Epimediumcontaining serum and normal serum and applied to detect the
alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity, bone mineral
density(BMD), the expression of transforming growth factorbeta(TGF-ȕ) and PCNA. The BMD of Epimediumcontaining serum group was significantly higher than that in
the calf serum group (P<0.05). The ALP activity of high-dose
and low-dose of Epimedium-containing serum groups are
higher than those of the calf serum group (P<0.01). The
markedly expression of TGF-ȕ was observed following the
treatment with the Epimedium-containing serum. We found
that Epimedium-containing serum can induce the expression
of PCNA in osteoblast within 5 days. After the fifth day the
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
43
PCNA expression of the Epimedium-containing serum group
was beginning to decrease. While at the same time, the
expression of TGF-ȕ1 was still at a high level. These data
suggest that Epimedium-containing serum have influence on
proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and may have
important implications for the understanding of the effect of
Epimedium on bone formation.
A3561
Developing a photographic atlas of fetal anatomy
Xiazhi Zeng, Chris Hubbard
Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Jiaxing
University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, PR China; Department
of Biological Science, Northern Illinois University, Dekulb
60115, IL, USA.
Most fetal Anatomy is illustrated with drawings that leave the
true anatomical pictures to the student's imagination. Because
fetal material, by nature, difficult to obtain, anatomy students
will likely never see or be able to dissect a real fetal
specimen. The purpose of this study is to develop a
photographic atlas of fetal anatomy. Dissections were
performed on the fetuses between 22-26 weeks of age. They
were photographed using a digital camera with a 35 mm
macro lens or by mounting the camera on a dissecting scope.
Histological analysis of selected tissue samples was also
performed. This study attempts to focus on unique structures
presenting in the fetuses that appear different than those in an
adult. Such an atlas should be of use to students, teachers and
physicians and be of particular value in intrauterine surgery
and fetal imaging examination.
A3565
Longitudinal discussion of the history of chinese
and western anatomy,and the important position of
anatomy in the development of medicine
Jie Liu
Tongren Polytechnic College,Tongren Guizhou
554300,China
After The Renaissance,western Anatomy and medicine
caught up with and surpass the Chinese Medicine
gradually,and turned into the mainstream medicine on earth.
ccording to the order of historical development,the essay will
introduce the general situation of the History of Chinese and
Western anatomy in turn,attempt to make the horizontal
comparison of them,searching the similarities and differences
between them,to find out the deep-seated reasons why
Chinese anatomy evolved slowly in the past two thousand
years,proving the primacy and importance of Anatomy in the
medical development.
A3592
Applied anatomy of the reconstruction of pelvic
ring and ischial tubercle in situ with autograft after
hindquarter amputation
Ming Ni1,2,3, Jiong Mei2, Wenxin Niu2,3
1
Department of Orthopedics,Pudong New Area People’s
Hospital, Shanghai 200065 China; 2 Tongji Hospital, Tongji
University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201200 China
3
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants,
Shanghai 200001 China
The objective of this study was to provide anatomic basis for
the reconstruction of pelvic ring and ischial tubercle with
autograft after hindquarter amputation. Ten pelvic and lowerextremity specimens were measured. The vertical distance
from ischial tubercle to median sagittal plane and coronal
plane through auricular surface center was 4.52 cm and 3.31
cm respectively. The average distance from ischial tubercle to
ipsilateral and symphysis pubis was 11.75 and 15.72 cm. The
oblique diameter of femoral condyle was 7.93 and 6.83 cm.
The left and right oblique diameter of tibial plateau was 6.79
and 6.43 cm. As a conclusion, it is impossible to reconstruct
the ischial tubercle in situ and pelvis with single femur or
tibia. The femur combined with tibia can reconstruct the
ischial tubercle in situ while restoring pelvic ring.
A3607
The effects of GHRP on PI3K/Akt/Caspase-9
pathway in heart failure rats
Liqiang Chen, Guozhong Tian, Yu Yang, Meixiu Li
Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences,
Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China. 154007
Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP) is a kind of
artificial synthetic releasing peptide. The heart-failure rats
were produced by ligation of ramus descendens anterior of
left coronary artery of SD rats. Observe the expression of
PI3K, Akt and Caspase-9 in cardiac muscle cells after three
weeks of intravenous injection of GHRP (100ug/kg,
1time/day) by the methods of immunohistochemistry, FCM
and electron microscopy. The results showed that GFRP can
inhibit activation of Caspase-9 by activating PI3K/Akt signal
pathway. GHRP can inhibit apoptosis of intracellular
mitochondria and reduce apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells
during the development of heart failure. GHRP can protect
cardiac muscle cells during heart failure.(Project supported
by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,
No.81370342)
A3612
Effects of sericin pretreatment on the expression of
NPY and leptin in hypophysis of type 2 diabetes rats
Xiumei Fu, Zhihong Chen, Jingfeng Xue
Chengde Medical College, Hebei, Chengde 067000ˈChina
To investigate the effects of sericin pretreatment on the
expression of NPY and leptin in hypophysis of type 2
diabetes rats. Thirty six SD rats were randomly divided into 3
groups: normal group, model group and sericin pretreatment
group. Model group and sericin pretreatment group were
established by intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin
(STZ). Blood glucose(BG)•16.7 mmol/L was taken as the
standard of successful modelization. The rats in sericin
pretreatment group were lavaged with sericin for 35 days
before injecting STZ. The enzymic method was used to
measure the BG. Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
were used to observe the expression of NPY and leptin
protein and mRNA in hypophysis . Compared with model
rats, the BG, NPY and leptin protein and mRNA expression
in hypophysis in sericin pretreatment group decreased
obviously (P < 0.01). Sericin pretreatment can downregulation the high expression of NPY and leptin protein and
mRNA, So sericin has satisfactory apotropaic effects on
hypophysis injury of type 2 diabetes rats.
A3623
Preventively protective effects of 3-n-butylphthalide
pretreatment against cerebral ischemia reperfusion
injury in rats
d, some pinealocytes degenerated in stress group. The most
significant change is that there is plenty of swelling
mitochondrion with crista broken in pinealocyte cytoplasm.
These results suggest that the pinealocytes of rats degenerate
under chronic stress, especially on mitochondrion. That may
cause dysfunction of melatonin synthesized and released by
the pineal gland.
A3634
A natural bone defect of the lumbar vertebra: The
basivertebral vein foramen
Chunming Ma, Xiaowen Wang
Hairu Ji, Lingwei Kong, Wei Kong, Shumin Zhao,
Xiangyu Kong, Jian Wu
Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University,
Weifang, 261053, China
Laboratory of Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation,
Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000,China
There is an area of bone defect named basivertebral vein
foramen (BVF) in the back wall of the vertebral body. BVF is
not mentioned in textbooks and reported rarely in literature.
In this study, 115 dry adult lumbar vertebras were studied on
the BVF about the number, area and the shortest distances to
the superior and inferior borders of the vertebral body and to
the lumbar pedicles, and the morphology of the BVF in 13
adult cadavers was observed. Results showed BVF was oval
and round, and the distribution was concentrated in the
central, the average number was 2.6, and area was 0.52 cm2,
the shortest distances to the superior and inferior borders of
the vertebral body and to lumbar pedicles were different in
different lumbar vertebras (p<0.05). The cortical bone around
BVF showed no obvious thickening. We concluded BVF
shows a natural bone defect which cannot bear much pressure
and easily causes bone fracture. The anatomical data we
obtained enriches the content of anatomy and provides
important help to clinicians and surgeons.
To investigate preventively protective effects of 3-nbutylphthalide (NBP) pretreatment on cerebral ischemia
reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats ˊ 36 male SD rats were
randomly divided into sham operation group(n=12), CIRI
group(n=12) and NBP pretreatment group(n=12), the
permeability of blood brain barrier(BBB) was evaluated
based on the leakage of Evans blue, The expression of MMP9 and TIMP-1 was measured by Real time PCR. Results
Compared to sham operated groupˈthe content of water and
EB, the expression of MMP-9 protein was in brain tissue in
CIRI group increased markedly(P<0.01),the expression of
TIMP-1 protein had no changes. Compared to CIRI group,
the content of water and EB, the expression of MMP-9
protein was in brain tissue in NBP pretreatment group
significantly reduced(P<0.01), the expression of TIMP-1
protein was largely increased(P<0.01). Conclusion NBP has
preventively protective effect on rats with cerebral ischemia
reperfusion injury may be by decreasing the content of water
and permeability of BBB,and accommodating the expression
of MMP-9/TIMP-1.
A3627
Ultrastructure alternation of rat pineal gland under
chronic stress.
Yubing Fan
Department of Anatomy, Bethune Medical NCO School of
PLA, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
Stress will activate two systems that serve to normalize the
disturbed functions: the sympatho-adrenomedullar system
and the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis.
There is anatomical crossroad among the retinohypothalamic-pineal (RHP) axis, sympatho-adrenomedullar
system and HPA system. The pineal gland may play a role in
stress by its secretary product of melatonin, the hand of the
biological clock. To explore the ultrastructural alternations of
rat pineal gland under chronic stress, stress animal model was
made with electric shock and noise. After 7 d, 20 d and 40 d,
the pineal gland of were studied by transmission electron
microscope. After 7 d and 20 d, there is no histological
difference between stress group and control group. After 40
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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A3639
Observation of clinical anatomy of ilioinguinal
approach
Yongwei Wang, Xiangyu Kong, Shubin Zhang
Department of anatomy Chengde Medical university,
To provide applied anatomic data for preventing the
operation in the ilioinguinal approach of pelvic fracture.
observing and measurement morphologic features of lateral
femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), ilioinguinal nerve (IE), in
15 adult cadaveric specimens(male 9, female 6). LFCN in the
medial of anterior superior iliac spine through the inguinal
ligament were 96.67%, (20.01 ± 0.32)mm, LFCN in the
fascial sheath formed by the deep fascia were 46.67%. The
distance between the point of IE passes through the obliquus
internus abdominis and the center of the anterior superior
iliac spine was (5.41 ± 0.50) mm, The distance between the
point of IE penetrate from the aponeurosis of oblique
externus abdominis and the center point of pubic tubercle was
(18.04 ± 0.21) mm. The LFCN must be protected In the
exposure of the medial side of ilium wing and sacroiliac joint,
Preventive release of the tensor fascia and inguinal ligament .
To prevent the injury the IE, You should start from the
medial or lateral of inguinal ligament at the top of 5mm to
incision the aponeurosis of oblique externus abdominis.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
45
A3747
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Luzhou Medical
College, Luzhou 646000
Research on three-dimensional path of the frontal
branch of facial nerve, visualization and application
in cosmetology
Li Hong, Gao Anˆ
Department of Anatomy, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
Face lift hitherto had been a complicated and elaborate
procedure. Regarding frontal area rhytidectomy, there is a
strong trend toward less aggressive operative techniques and
especially protecting the frontal branch of facial nerve. There
is controversy regarding the description of the different
regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic
system (SMAS) and its relationship with frontal branch of
facial nerve. To the frontal branch of facial nerve, most
macroscopic and microscopic (histological section) studies
were only limited to two-dimensional cross sectional
imaging. The samples used in the study were from 10 female
cadavers who are perfused with a 5% formalin solution. From
Superficial to deep, the skin, hypodermic fat, SMAS, the
frontal branch of facial nerve, the blood vessel, the
neighboring mimetic muscles and bone were exposed. By CT
and magnetic resonance scanning, the image data were
imported into Mimics13.0 software, and then the digital 3D
model of all structures were obtained. These will supply the
morphological reference for diminishing risks in clinic.
A3751
The Anatomy research and clinical application
which the approach for punch that sympathetic
ganglion
Xiuqin Yue, Hongyan Gong,Hongwei Zhang, Xiaofang
Li, Kai Zhang, Xiaoran Zhang, Guoze Liu, Jun Liu,
Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Medical University
First Affiliated Hospital, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
Research the source of nutrient artery for superior cervical
ganglia and Cervical sympathetic ganglion and the its
distribution.research the morphological characteristics ,
position , the contiguity and locating method by anatomical
landmark of superior cervical ganglia, middle cervical
ganglion block (MCGB) and Cervical sympathetic ganglion.
The locating method by anatomical landmark of superior
cervical ganglia is the nodical of Beside the collarbone
midline 24.18±2.35 mm and above clavicle sternal end
22.38±3.97 mm or the nodical of beside the collarbone
midline 24.21±3.79mm and below the carotid nodules
37.14±5.86mm.this is the punch sit. Punch vertically to
32.48±2.54mm is the stellate ganglion.the primary cause of
motor complications is variation of the beginning segment of
vertebral artery which injure to vertebral artery in Cervical
sympathetic ganglion block.
A3758
To provide anatomical data for echocardiography diagnosis
and surgical treatment of false tendons. Prevalence,
attachments, lengths and diameters of biventricular false
tendons were observed and measured on 44 adult Chinese
heart specimens. False tendons were found in 33 left
ventricles and 29 right ventricles, and there were 21
specimens which had false tendons in biventricle and 5
specimens which had not false tendons in biventricle. False
tendons mainly located between the interventricular septum
and papillary muscle, and the papillary muscle and papillary
muscle. The lengths of false tendons of left ventricle and
right ventricle were 14.62±7.29mm and 13.33±6.52mm
respectively, and the diameters of false tendons of left
ventricle and right ventricle were 0.69±0.64mm and
0.86±0.75mm separately. False tendons are common
anatomical structure of heart.
A3774
Applications of the root canal system anatomy in
root canal therapy
Zhenyu Bi, Weidong Zhao, Yuchao Yang, Jun
Ouyang*
Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Medical
Biomechanical Key Laboratory, Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou 510515
The purpose of the study is to analyze the number, shape and
normal situation of root canal system in order to improve the
success rate of root canal treatment. In Pubmed, CNKI,
MeSH are root canal, root canal system, root canal treatment
indications, root canal treatment failure, and root canal
surgery. A retrospective analysis is complied about the
relationship between the root canal anatomy and root canal
therapy. The big, long, curved root can keep the stability of
teeth, but the characteristics of root canal are more
complicated. Lateral accessory canals strengthen the
relationship between pulp chamber, root canal and
periodontal tissue, but these accessory canals can cause
endodontic infections or periodontal infection. The root
canals of deciduous and young permanent are coarse, and
apical foramen large, but they are smaller and thinner by the
physiological and pathological stimuli and even root canal
atresia. The key factor of the root canal treatment is the
anatomy of root canal system.
A3782
Expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in donor and
recipient muscles after musculocutaneous nerve
transection and partial pectoralis major muscle
transfer for reconstruction of elbow flexion in rats
Shengbo Yang, Ning Yue
Biventricular false tendons of adult Chinese heart
specimens: an anatomical study
Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi,
Guizhou,China
Chaoxian Yang, Zhaoming Zeng, Guangqiang Hu,
Xiongbin Xian, Kanrong Li
The expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in the recipient and
donor muscles after muscle transfer for reconstruction of
joint function has not been sufficiently investigated. FortyThe 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups:
normal, 1 w post-, 2 w post-, and 4 w post-musculocutaneous
nerve transection; and 1 w post-, 2 w post-, and 4 w postreconstruction of elbow flexion. Muscle wet weights were
assessed, and MuRF1 and MAFbx mRNA expressions were
detected by PCR. The muscle wet weight and the wet weight
retention rate of the biceps brachii continued to decline after
musculocutaneous nerve transection and a gradual increase
was noted after the oblique part of the pectoralis major was
transferred for reconstruction of elbow flexion. The oblique
part of the pectoralis major showed a decrease of only 2–6%.
The upregulated expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in the
biceps brachii reached a peak 2 w after denervation and 1 w
after elbow flexion reconstruction, with an increase of 15%
and 4%, respectively. This was followed by downregulation;
however, the expression had not normalized at postoperative
4 w. The increased expression of MuRF1 (17%) and MAFbx
(1%) in the oblique part of the pectoralis major at
postoperative 1 w had decreased to below normal levels at
postoperative 4 w. The transfer of the oblique part of the
pectoralis major for elbow flexion reconstruction after
musculocutaneous nerve transection can downregulate the
expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in the recipient muscle.
Department of Anatomy and HistoembryologyˈTianjin
Medical UniversityˈQi xiang tai Road, No.22, Heping
District ,Tianjin 300070ˈChina
Early assessment of a novel nano silver dressing on
the third degree skin burn wound infection
antibacterial efficiency
A great progress has been made in non-motor function
research of cerebellar, such as, cognition, learning and
neural- regulation. Most of these research points to the
internal structure of cerebellar, therefore accurate analysis of
the internal spatial structure of cerebellar became a crucial
factor. In this study, we select 8 males and 8 females
formalin-fixed adult cerebellar specimens, these specimens
were tinted and embedded by celloidin and performed 16
groups successive horizontal and coronal sections with the
thickness of 250μm. These sections were observed through
stereoscope, and select qualified slices using HD digital
camera capture images continuously, format of jpg. Each
group was processed by Photoshop, every group was rotated,
moved for registration based on the outline contour of each
image. Then import images to Amira, each group of
cerebellar nuclei and nerve fibers were selected, colored and
3d-reconstructed, it can show the three-dimensional spatial
position and forms of internal structure of the cerebellar. The
distance, surface area and volume can be accurately measured
for individual differences contradistinction. This study
provides accurate anatomical data for further studies on
cerebellar functions. Moreover the related methodology also
may be used in precise locating and measuring of other micro
organs and tissues.
Yuchao Yang, Zhenyu Bi, Jun Ouyang*
A3837
A3808
Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Tissue
Construction and Inspection Key Laboratory, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510515
This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a
novel silver dressing in the treatments of the third degree
burn wound infection in rats. To establish a mouse model of
the third degree skin burn wound infection by metal scald
apparatus and the bacteria liquid of standard strains of
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. The wounds were
covered with nano silver dressing, no nano silver dressing
and alginate dressing, respectively. The wound inflammation
and burn wound healing were observed by HE staining,
Masson Trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry on day
1,5,10 post inoculation and determine the skin bacteria load.
The scalded wound covered with nano silver dressings
inflammatory responses significantly reduced and the rate of
wound healing were better than other controls. A novel nano
silver dressing has good antibacterial efficiency and wound
healing effect on the third degree burn wound infection.
Keyword: nano silver; burn wound; Staphylococcus aureus;
infection model of BALB/c mice.
A3813
Action-oriented teaching anatomy theory teaching
platform of theatrical applications discussed in this
paper
Bingrui Wu
Yulin city of guangxi zhuang autonomous region, China 124
meilin street
Use of secondary vocational students thinking more active
and sensitive, easy to be full of the characteristics of dynamic
things attract, combined with the feature of anatomy teaching
intuitive is strong, to explore anatomical theatrical theory
teaching platform design teaching effect.Teaching, the
reasonable use corresponding background music, lights,
pictures, especially modern multimedia tools and courseware,
anatomy model human living, such as teaching resources,
under the teacher's "director", action-oriented teaching
between teachers and students do together with the stage
show in the form of teaching activities.Through activities to
attract students' attention, tightly grasp the rhythm of the
students to accept knowledge, achieve students' classroom
lively and vivid image, keep up with the effect of teaching to
grasp knowledge and deepen their memory.
3-D reconstruction and measuring research of
human cerebellar based on celloidin embedding
technology
A3859
Xiaoyang Zhang, Xianfeng Wei, Lu He, Dandan
Wang, Yunsheng Li
Licai Zhang*, He liu, Fang Zhou, Xianfu Lu, Tong
Wu, Siyuan Song,et al.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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The discovery and research of cerebrospinal fluidcontacting nucleus in rat brain
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
47
Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou
Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
This study aimed to confirm the existence of cerebrospinal
fluid-contacting system and to explore its functions. The
cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-CNs) were
labeled by the cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with
horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) reliably. Fluorescence
double staining identified the distribution of neurotransmitter,
receptor and ion channels in CSF-CNs, and CSF-CNs-related
functions were detected through Quantitative behavioral tests.
1. We confirmed that the CSF-CNs distributed in all
ventricular walls, especially in the third ventricular. And their
soma contact with cerebrospinal fluid, while the neurite
stretch into the brain parenchyma; 2. There was an area with
clusters of CSF-contacting neurons, We named
‘cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting
nucleus )’, locating in the specific part of brain stem, while
their neurite reach into cerebrospinal fluid; 3. The spatial
structure and stereotaxic location of CSF- contacting nucleus
in rats were identified; 4. The CSF- contacting nucleus have
the same ultra-structural features as secretory cells; 5. We
identified the synaptic contact between CSF- contacting
nucleus and other neurons in brain; 6. The CSF- contacting
nucleus are also associated with the brain blood vessels; 7.
We found that more than 10 kinds of neuroactive substances
expressed in CSF- contacting nucleus , including Fos, nNOS,
GABA ,5-HT and its receptor, SP, p38MAPK, ERK, JNK
and TRPM8; 8. In order to explore the ‘CSF- contacting
nucleus ’ functions, some animal models such as visceral
pain, neuropathic pain, noise stress, and morphine
dependent/withdrawal were produced, and behavioral tests
were performed in CSF- contacting nucleus and CSFcontacting nucleus animals respectively. The study revealed
that the CSF- contacting nucleus have the structure and
material basis to carry out the bidirectional information
transmission ,and may be involved in regulating the vital
activities such as visceral pain, neuropathic pain, noise,
stress, and morphine dependent/ withdrawal.
extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor digitorum communis.
This study demonstrates that the posterior interosseous artery
has two main clusters of perforators in the middle and distal
one-fifth of the forearm, which can be used for repairing
hand defects with posterior interosseous artery pedicle
cutaneous branches-chain perforator flaps.
A3907
The surgical anatomy of upper thoracic
sympathectomy
Xianzhong Shi1 Yanguo Liu2 Chunhua Chen1
Weiguang Zhang1 Duo Jina, Jing Zhao1 Shengyong
Liu1 Changman Zhou1*
1
Department of Anatomy, Peking University Health Science
Center, Beijing, China 2epartment of Thoracic surgery &
Center of Minimal-invasive Thoracic surgery, People’s
Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
The purpose of this study was to clearly delineate the
microanatomy of the upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and its
syntopy in order to establish the optimal secure approach.
Rami from T1 intercostal nerve entered the stellate ganglion
above the upper border of the second rib in all cases.The
distance between the rami and the upper border of the second
rib was 5.1 ± 1.4 mm. The incidence that T2~T5 ganglions
located at the corresponding intercostal space was 92.7ˁǃ
85.5 ˁ ǃ 40.0 ˁ and 36.4 ˁ ,respectively. The rami
communicantes were classified into 3 types (type a, b and c)
according to the anatomical relationship between the thoracic
sympathetic ganglia and the intercostal nerves.
Sympathectomy performed at rib level should be the ideal
choice for clinical surgical treatment of palmar or
craniofacial hyperhidrosiswith less denervation scope to
achieve more definite therapeutic effect.
A3932
Microanatomy and angiography control
observation of the intracranial artery
A3865
A anatomical study of posterior interosseous artery
pedicle cutaneous branches-chain perforator flap
Xueqiang Yue, Pei Li, Shengqi Fu *
Zihai Ding, Chao Sun,Yulong Wang, Peng Liu,
Hongliang Lee, Anmin Jin
Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
Anatomical Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Southern
Medical University,china
To provide anatomical information for the repair of small
tissue defects in the hands with posterior interosseous artery
pedicle cutaneous branches-chain perforator flaps. Fourteen
posterior interosseous artery pedicle cutaneous brancheschain perforator flaps taken from human cadavers were
studied by the latex perfusion for microanatomy analysis,
denture material and vinyl chloride mixed packing for cast
analysis. There are two main clusters of perforators at a
relative distance of 21.2 percent and 47.8 percent along ulnar
head-to-lateral epicondyle interval.two clinically significant
perforators are located 6.1cm proximal to head of ulna and
10.3cm distal to lateral epicondyle of the humerus, with
diameters of 0.5mm and 0.6mm and pedicle lengths of 16.8
mm and 21.2 mm, respectively. At the two main clusters of
perforator-intensive sites, vessel chains formed by adjacent
perforators were parallel to the intermuscular septum of
To provide anatomical basis for selecting the types and the
placing parts of vascular stent. 20 head specimens were
selected and measured the basilar artery, middle cerebral
artery and its branches, perforators respectively. 100
angiography images with no diseases were selected, the
course, branches and the opening parts of its perforators were
observed. It were 28.52±3.45 mm, 4.52±0.24 mm and
13.14±3.62 mm, 3.41±0.38 mm in the length and diameter of
the microanatomy, 25.47±3.65 mm, 3.46±0.46 mm and
10.65±5.61 mm, 2.30±0.35 mm in the length and diameter of
the angiography of basilar artery and middle cerebral artery
separately, there were significant difference in the length and
diameter between the microanatomy and angiography. There
were significant difference in the length and diameter
between the male and female of angiography of the basilar
artery, middle cerebral artery respectively, the male than that
of the female were long and coarse. It has an important
clinical significance for selecting the types and the placing
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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48
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
parts of vascular stent, avoiding obstruction the opening parts
of perforators.
A3966
Make the coronary artery readily visualized for
accurate ligation to establish rat model of
myocardial infarction
Changan Yu1, Yanxiang Gao1, Lin Pan2, Jingang
Zheng1, Yong Wang1
1
2
Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medical
Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100029, China
The aim of our study was to provide an optimized surgical
procedure and a detailed description of the key techniques to
perform rat model of myocardial infarction(MI). The
noninvasive method was used in the endotracheal intubation
in Wistar rats. A power light with flexible horns was used to
illuminate the heart under correct lighting.Histopathological
examination showed degrees of infarction at 14 days after
MI in each heart of the experimental rats. The survival rate
of the rats following the procedure was 93%, the average
volume of infarction was 42%, the variability between rats
was below 10%. Making the coronary artery readily
visualized can ensure accurate ligation of the coronary
artery and minimize the experimental variability.
A3969
The construction of a three-dimensional brain atlas
for image guided neurosurgery using thin serial
sectional images
Yuchun Tang1, Bo Sun2, Xiangtao Lin2, Haitao Ge1,
Shuwei Liu1
Xiuping Zhang1Ъ, Zhaoyi Lin1Ъ, Ting Luo1, Xiaodan
Guo2, Xiangqun Yang2*
1
Company5 of Student Brigade, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai 200433, China. 2Department of
Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
200433, China. ЪThese authors contributed equally to this
study, * corresponding authors.
Toreduce bleeding and nerve injury during the
pelvicendoscopicseminal vesicles resection,therelatedvessels
and nervesof the maleseminal vesicles (SVs)werestudied.The
course and distribution of the arteryto seminal vesicles
(ASVs) were observed, while the distance between the
prostatic plexus and the median sulcus of prostate (MSP) was
measuredin 20 male pelvis.TheASVs originatedfrom inferior
vesical artery, after passed through the prostaticplexus,then
distributed to the SVs by 4 types.The ASVs goingto
theSVsby 1 branch directly was 55%, andrunning between
theSVsand the ampulla of ductus deferens with 1 branch was
15%, which gave off small branches to the SVs. The ASVs
running downward by 2 branches was 25%, among which
one went to the SVsdirectly, the other ran between the SVs
and the ampulla of ductus deferens.Other typeswere5%.The
distance between the prostaticplexustothe MSP was
2.85±0.178cm. In conclusion,the surgeonsshould pay
attention to 4 types of the ASVs, and perform the operation in
less than 2.8 cm lateral toMSP to reduce the vessels and
nerves injuries
A4012
Quantitative and positioning anatomic study of
human cavernous nerves
Zijun Huang1, Xiaodan Guo2, Huilong Huang2,
Xiangqun Yang2*
1
Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy,
Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong
250012, China˗2 Shandong Medical Imaging Research
Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
We construct a novel brain atlas for neurosurgery guidance
using high quality thin serial sectional images and wellvalidated image processing techniques. One human brain
specimen was sliced into 0.1mm serial sections along AC-PC
line using digital freezing milling technique, and the
successive cross-sections were photographed with highresolution digital camera. After image processing, a 3D brain
volume was reconstructed with a total of 1506 images, we
registered the brain volume to the Chinese_56 brain atlas we
created before using nonlinear transformation to get a brain
atlas based on serial sectional data. Semi-automatic method
was used to segment the basal nucleus and an atlas of basal
nucleus was built. This atlas not only has detailed anatomical
structure information and histological information, but also
has the spatial character of MRI brain template, so it will be a
precise reference for computational brain studies and image
guided neurosurgery.
A4011
Clinical anatomic studyof the arteries and nerves of
the seminal vesicles
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
1
Company 3 of Clinical Medicine, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai 200433, China. 2Department of
Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
200433, China. * corresponding author.
The injury of cavernous nerves (CNs) is a main reason for the
postoperative impotence among the patients undergoing
radical prostatectomy. Previous studies paid less attention to
quantitative measurement of the CNs related to radical
prostatectomy. In the present study, eighteen male pelves
fixed with formalin were dissected and some quantitative
data of CNs was measured. The CNs were formed by 5~8
nerve fibers from the prostatic plexus, and ran towards the
apex of prostate along both sides with 1~3 branches, then
penetrating the deep perineal space with 1~4 branches 3 mm
lateral to the apex of prostate. The penetrating point were at
the 3~4 o'clock position on the right and at the 7~9 o'clock
position on the left. The start point of CNs was 31.98 ± 4.65
mm from the bladder neck plane and 34.09 ± 7.88 mm from
the plane of prostate apex, while the penetrating point was
38.45 ± 4.00 mm from the bladder neck, and 33.83 ± 4.58
mm from the puboprostatic ligament. In conclusion, this
study enriches the quantitative and positioning data of human
CNs, and provides more accurate safe distance for nervesparing radical prostatectomy.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
49
transferring the tendons of semitendinosus and gracilis in
surgery, we should observe array pattern of tendon carefully
in order to avoid injuring the tendon of sartorius.
A4022
Improvement of the fasciatomy: from the
anatomical view
A4030
Yang Liu, Rui Yang, Ye Yuan, Xiaodan Guo, Fang
Liuᇞ
The neurovascular relationships and the
pathological changes of cistemal segment of Chinese
abducent nerve in hypertension
Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai 200433
To pick out the easiest damaged tissues in forearms and
shanks, define the location of them and determine an optimal
pathway to avoid the injuries during fasciatomy. Totally more
than 60 bodies were dissected according to the minimal
invasive and maximal decompressive concept. The length,
depth, width and distances of or between some key structures
like bones, vessels and nerves in the forearm and shank were
observed and measured. The relative positions of those key
structures above were located by bony landmarks. Some
“safe areas” were designed both in the forearm and shank,
such as the middle part of the anterior shank between fibula
and tibia, the narrow area posterior to the line from capitulum
fibulae to lateral malleolus and the area around the most
medial tendon of flexor digitorum sublimis, which avoid the
high density of vessels and nerves relatively. Some net-like
small incisions surrounding the main incision are
reommended for less usage of tension sutures and
dermatoplasty during the fasciatiomy.
A4029
The arrangement type of tendons in pes anserinus
in chinese population: a research for improving
harvest method
Zekun Feng1†, Miao Wang2†, Zixuan Lu2, Rui Zhou2,
Xiaotong Li3, Xiaodan Guo3, Xi Zhang3*, Chuansen
Zhang3*
Wei Wang, Lei Liu, Xiao Chang, Aiqun Wu, Huilong
Huang, XiaoDan Guo
Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai 200433, China
To study the neurovascular relationships and the pathological
changes of cistemal segment of Chinese abducent nerve in
hypertension. Recording the abducent nerve’s vascular
passage and the relation between its surrounding vessels and
itself, along with the measure of the segments in abducent
nerve by dissecting 25 (50 sides) heads injected with red
latex. Anterior inferior cerebellar, posterior inferior
cerebellar, labyrinthine, pontine artery, vertebral artery,
basilar artery are included in the surrounding vessels of the
pons’ segments. The abducent nerve contacts with AICI the
most of all ( 47.8% touching, 13.8% pressing) and the
heaviest press for it comes from vertebral artery. The
abducent nerve became bending and thinner squeezed by the
curved artery in fourteen specimens(28%). The neurovascular
relation between the cistemal segment of abducent nerve is
discovered intricate, and abducent nerve may become
bending and thinner squeezed by the curved artery, which
may help to explicate the problem of abducent nerve palsy
patients with unknown causes.
A4034
Application of chinese visible human in digital
medicine
1
. Brigade of Postgraduate Administration, Second Military
Medical University, Shanghai 200433. 2. The 4th Team of
Student Brigade, Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai 200433. 3. Regenerative Medicine Core, Second
Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200433. † These
authors contributed equally to this study, * Corresponding
authors
Shaoxiang Zhang, Liwen Tan
Institute of Digital Medicine, Third Military Medical
University, Chongqing 400038, China
The tendons of semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius were
investigated about their end location and positional
relationship. The purpose is to provide detailed data of
anatomy for harvesting the tendons as transplant donors in
surgery. Sixty-nine lower extremities from fixed cadavers
were dissected to expose the pes anserinus. The end location
and array pattern of tendons of insertions of sartorius,
semitendinosus, and gracilis were observed and measured.
Three types of array pattern of the tendons in pes anserinus
were found. The lowest bound of tendons in pes anserinus
located 17.65±7.59mm below the transverse plane of tibial
tuberosity. And the average length from the end point of
semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius to the inner edge of
tibial crest is 15.50±5.57mm, 13.76±5.51mm, and
12.94±6.29mm, respectively. When harvesting the tendons in
pes anserinus, the incision site for pes anserinus tendons
should be 17.65±7.59mm below the tibial tuberosity and
14.06± 5.99mm medial to the tibial crest. In addition, the
three types of the tendon array pattern suggest that when
Chinese Visible Human (CVH) has been widely applied to
digital medicine. We have carried out series of research on its
application,
especially
in
the
following
areas:
Ultrasonography: We have developed a digital human and
ultrasound image matching system, which helps to simulate
the section images provided by ultrasonography based on the
digital human model, to assist clinicians in identifying the
images of patients’ body structures. Radiotherapy: We have
built a simulation system for radiotherapy, which can
accurately locate the foci, applicable to conformal and
intensity modulated radiotherapy.Orthopedic surgery: We
have simulated screw fixation in vertebral arch surgery. CVH
simulation can confirm the appropriate position of the pedicle
screw and thus prevent nerve or vessel injuries. Interventional
diagnosis and treatment: We have simulated the process of
coronary angiography and coronary stent implantation, and
are working on virtual interventional surgery training system.
Teaching: We have established the Digital Anatomy
Teaching System, which is applied to teaching and learning
of human anatomy.With in-depth research and advanced
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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50
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
techniques, CVH will be applied more widely in digital
medicine.
Variation of proper hepatic artery absence report of
1 cases
A4039
Meiling Huang, Peifeng Yang, An Huang, Changchu
Wu, Minghua Hu.
Human abducent nerve showed on 3d-space MRI
with corresponding sectional anatomy
Chao Li, Shuwei Liu
Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy,
Shandong University
Abducent nerves had been studied for a long time, but they
were rarely observed by MRI combined with corpse
specimen. In this study, we explored the course and adjacent
relationships of abducent nerve in order to provide the
morphological basis for the imaging diagnosis and surgery of
abducent nerve lesions.34 adults were recruited to scan for
the MRI images using 3D-SPACE sequence.36, 18, 15 cases
of adult head specimens were respectively made into
serial transverse sections, sagittal sections and coronal
sections by the electric band saw using freezing
microtomy. The MRI characteristics of the abducent nerve
and the anatomical features were analyzed through specific
sections. Our results revealed that on transverse section, the
detectable rate for cisternal segment and Dorello canal
segment of abducent nerves were 97.06% and 94.12%; on
sagittal section, the cisternal segment was 51.50% and the
cavernous sinus segment was 42.60% on coronal section. So
abducent nerves are well observed by 3D-SPACE sequences
combining sectional images on corpse specimen.
A4055
Applied anatomic study of the ulnar nerve and its
blood supply at the elbow region
Meixiu Li, Tianhong Peng, Zhonglin Hu
Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy,University of south China,
Hengyang, 421001, China.
To provide anatomic basis for treating cubital tunnel
syndrome(CTS) through anterior transposition of the ulnar
nerve involving blood supply. We detected the ulnar nerve
and its blood supply in the elbow region(ER) of adult
cadavers upper limbs which were injected with red-colored
latex(n=30), other 6 fresh adult cadavers upper limbs were
injected with modifed gelatin-lead oxide, taken radiographs
after dissociated the ulner nerve and blood vessels. The
clinical surgical procedure was simulating on adult cadaver
upper limbs(n=30). We found that three major arteries supply
the ulnar nerve in ER, the average length of the vessels
accompanying the ulnar nerve was 15.7cm, 5.0cm and 5.9cm
respectively. The distance between the origination of artery
and medial epicondyle of humerus was 15.0cm, 4.5cm and
5.0cm respectively. The antelocation range of the nerve at the
tension-free state was 1.8cm averagely. Our data shows
procedure of preserving the blood supply in anterior
transposition of the ulnar nerve is feasible for CTS.
Supported by Educational Commission of Hunan Province
key program˄12A119˅
A4069
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China
In the production of human anatomy, found a case of adult
male proper hepatic artery variation specimen,adopt the
measure method of observation investigation found that the
cases of specimens of celiac artery dry level branches did not
see abnormalities, the hepatic artery two branches were left
hepatic artery, right hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery,
but not proper hepatic artery, examination revealed right
gastric artery originated from the gastroduodenal artery.
Analysis of the reference anatomical data, the starting point
and the variations of the branches of proper hepatic artery in
form, but the absence of proper hepatic artery, hepatic artery
branch by directly for variation of left, right hepatic artery is
rare, because has the important guiding sense distribution of
hepatic blood vessels in the image anatomy study and clinical
diagnosis and treatment of application. The report for
reference. (Corresponding: HU Ming-hua).
A4111
A case of right femur atrophy
Changchu Wu, Li Pan, Xianglian He, Wang Yan, Zhao
Pin, Guanlan Liu, Jianming Li
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China
A case of right femur atrophy was found in the anatomical
specimen library. The specimen was adult male. In the
transverse section of the middle portion of right thigh, sagittal
diameter was 154mm (165mm in the normal control group),
the transverse diameter was 124mm (135mm in the normal
control group), and the girth was 440mm (463.80mm in the
normal control group). In the transverse section, various
muscle group of thigh underwent atrophy and were replaced
by adipose tissue. The compact bone of corpus femoris
became thinner, sagittal diameter of corpus femoris was
12mm (26.28mm in the normal control group), transverse
diameter was 15.2mm (28.09mm in the normal control
group), and the thickness of compact bone of corpus femoris
was 2.8mm (4.89±0.98mm in the normal control group).
According to the references, this specimen belonged to
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. It was a kind of sex linked
genetic inheritance disease, usually occurred in male.
A4115
Variation of double proper hepatic artery report of
1 cases
Peifeng Yang, A Hang n, Zheng Liu, Yaling Liu, Jun
Li, Changchu Wu, Minghua Hu
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
51
Data sources and sample room, for adult males, hepatic portal
area and the structure clear display. Measurement of non
observation of hepatic artery divides into 2 branches of
proper hepatic artery. The right hepatic artery is thick and
short, is located in the common bile duct after 25.00mm left
ascending branches into 2, right main branch of right hepatic
artery, with portal vein into the liver, the left is fine for
middle hepatic artery, upward into the left hepatic lobe cleft
fissure direction. The left proper hepatic artery is more
slender, with middle hepatic artery into the left hepatic lobe
cleft fissure direction. No abnormal portal vein. On the basis
of the above study results, the specimens for double hepatic
artery variation. Discussion: the variation of hepatic artery to
see more with the Michel type, but does not contain doubl-e
proper hepatic artery variation. Therefore, the specimens
have reference value for clinical diagnosis and treatment of
hepatobiliary diseases(Corresponding author: Hu Ming-hua).
abdominal aortic renal artery into the door to the issued two
types of 12.57 ±0.61%. This example specimens of the renal
pelvis, classification of renal appearance on imaging
accounted for about 4.11%. Establish classification of renal
pelvis, familiar with the form of the renal pelvis, will
improve the diagnostic accuracy.
A4118
A case of the fourth lumbar separation was found. The upper
and lower edges of cuniform lumbar had lip-shaped
hyperosteogeny with bony spur. Annulus fibrosis of
intervertebral disc underwent calcification. Posterior edge of
Calcified annulus fibrosis had a ruptured incision. Around the
incision,
Schormal
nodule
protruded
into
the
canalis vertebralis. Foramina nutricium became larger
without connection of bone bridges. The result showed that it
was a deformity specimen of vertebral compression with
hyperosteogeny. The forward compression of lumbar lead
nucleus pulposus to move backward and nucleus pulposus
protrude into canalis vertebralis and then calcification
occurred. Vertebral compression and hyperosteogeny have
been well reported. Intervertebral disc calcification usually
occurred with severe degeneration changes. Middle
herniation of intervertebral disc is rarely seen, besides this
specimen may cause the spinal canal stenosis, which can
provide some useful information for clinic diagnosis and
treatment.( Corresponding: Qiliang Zhou).
The right renal malformations with multiple renal
vascular variations: A case report
Xinyi Huang, Lunli Xie, An Huang, Xiangjiang Xu,
Changchu Wu
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China.
One case of female baby with right renal malformation was
found in anatomy library. The measurement of non
observation: right kidney was located under liver, equivalent
to the edge of L1 to L3 vertebral levels, surface lobulated,
clear renal ditch. The front ilum of the kidney misses a lot,
the renal pelvis and renal vessels bare visible; renal artery
elongated, 3 branch into the kidney, it equivalents to the level
of the inferior mesenteric artery. Inside the lower right kidney
visible two accessory renal arteries which from the upper
right side of the common iliac artery: 1 adrenal vein of the
Kidney inside the lower was about 40 degree upward into the
inferior vena cava. Results: the case was congenital deformity
of right kidney naive, with multiple renal vascular variation.
In view of the renal arteries from common iliac artery was
rarely reported. The data for in-depth study of the case of
kidney embryogenesis and clinical application has a good
reference value (Corresponding author, WU Chang-chu).
A4124
A hyperosteogeny case of lumbar compression with
intervertebral disc calcification
Xiaodong Zhang, Hu Jie, Zhenhao Fang, Zhao Pin,
Changchu Wu, Qiliang Zhou.
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China
A4126
Double upper wisdom teeth FuSheng and
mandibular wisdom tooth missing such as deformed
image anatomy in 1 case
Peng Ke, Jinyong Lin, Yiping Yi, Zhiyi Zhouˈ
Yongmei Huang, Changchu Wu
Changsha Medical UniversityˈChangsha 410219ˈHunan
China
A4123
Bilateral renal artery in two, and a large renal
pelvis specimens
Sunjian Yong, Lunli Xie, Changchu Wu
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan
China
Abdominal aorta issued four renal artery and double renal
pelvis were found after the anatomy of a mature male
specimens, height 166 cm. Methods: using metric scale and
vernier caliper (0.02 mm) measured, using a digital camera
taking pictures records. Results: Triangular double renal
pelvis after the observation, and was bigger than normal
people. Abdominal aorta of left and right edge respectively
from upper and lower two branches: upper and lower branch
(16.64 mm and 53.98 mm) long; Upper and lower (24.86 mm
and 44.42 mm) long. Discussion: on one side of the
Information is from Changsha central hospital dental, ID:
2013120800004, male, 32 years old. On top is X-ray slice
observation:lower teeth sequence on each side - 1-7, in all 28,
complete tooth shadow. Teeth shadow show maxillary wide
jaw, have dislocation occlusion and micro movable
phenomenon. Finding outside maxillary second molars of
lateral root above each have an ambush wisdom teeth
shadow, resistancing the second molar lateral root, and chin
isn’t see wisdom teeth. On the basis of analysis, the cases of
image data for the upper wisdom teeth FuSheng and
mandibular wisdom tooth missing as dislocation with teeth
and movable deformities. Discussion: referring to data,
generally men are around the age of 22 to 28 should appear,
and late-onset wisdom teeth maxillary more can be found in
the jaw, combined with the cases of mandibular third molar is
absent, illustrating to researching occurrence and
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
development, has reference
author, WU Chang-chu).
significance(Corresponding
A4135
Mutation analysis of the CYP1B1 gene in primary
congenital glaucoma patients
Jin Zhou
The Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical College, Hefei,
Anhui,China
To undertake mutation screen of cytochrome P4501B1 gene
(CYP1B1) in Chinese patients with primary congenital
glaucoma (PCG). Thirteen Chinese patients were collected
with PCG from Ophthalmic of XiangYa hospital. Polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) and restrict fragment length
polymorphism was performed that a novel CYP1B1 mutation
(hotorozygous L107V) was found in one PCG patient (7.7%);
Additionally, 4 reported single nucleotide polymorphisms
(R48W, A119S, V432L, D449D) were identified in the
CYP1B1 gene in our patients. These findings suggest that the
novel CYP1B1 gene mutation (L107V) may be the cause for
PCG.
A4159
Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessel
and nerve in the upper limb
Tianhong Peng, Meixiu Li, Qiong He
Department of Anatomy, University of South China,
Hengyang, 421001, China
To reconstruct the processes of the blood vessels and nerves
in the upper limb by three-dimensional(3D), and explore an
method for 3D reconstruction about blood vessels and nerves.
We perfused the adult fresh cadaver specimen with lead
oxide-gelatine mixture, dissected and dissociated the main
branches of brachial plexus and major arteries of the upper
limb. The surface of nerve was painted repeatedly and
uniformly with 40% lead nitrate cream and then took pictures
by CT scanning. These images were digitally analyzed by
Amira 3.1 software, and the arteries or the branches of
brachial plexus were reconstructed with these data. These
reconstructed models could rotating in every direction to
display the spatial relationship of the main arteries and the
major branches of brachial plexus. Suggested digitized
images about the blood vessels and nerves in the upper limb
can offer section by section insights into their anatomies; 3D
reconstruction can be used in clinical training, pre-operative
designing and virtual operation procedures. Supported by
Educational Commission of Hunan Province key program˄
12A119˅
A4174
Sectional anatomy and MRI of intracranial segment
of the oculomotor nerve
Min Xiao1, Xiaohong Wang1, Yuchun Tang1, Linlin
Yang2, Xiangtao Lin2, Shuwei Liu1*
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
1
Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy,
Shandong University; 2Shandong Medical Imaging Research
Institute
To describe the anatomical features and MRI of the
oculomotor nerve and provide anatomy data for the imaging
diagnosis and surgery in oculomotor nerve lesions. 34 healthy
volunteers were examined by a conventional T2WI sequence
and a 3D-SPACE sequence on a 3.0T Magnetic resonance
system;69 sets of adult heads were sectioned into serial
transverse(36 sets), sagittal(18 sets) and coronal(15 sets)
sections. The transverse section of cisternal oculomotor
nerve was shaped like an up side down “V”. From the
paramedian sagittal plane, the nerve ran inferior to posterior
cerebral artery and superior to superior cerebellar artery. The
posterior cerebral artery or superior cerebellar artery could
oppress the oculomotor nerve to different degrees. The
transverse, sagittal and coronal section can demonstrate the
recognization of the course and the relations to surrounding
tissues of the oculomotor nerve.
A4205
An Anatomic Study of Interconnections between the
Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon and Flexor
Digitorum Longus Tendons in Asians
Haijiao Mao1, Zengyuan Shi1, Dachuan Xu2
1
Department of orthopedics,the Affiliated Hospital of Medical
School of Ningbo University,Ningbo,China; 2Department of
Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
*maohaijiao@gmail.com
Tendon transfer of the flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHL) or
the flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL) into the Achilles
tendon is carried out in patients with Achilles tendon rupture
or tendinitis. FDL and FHL are connected in the region of the
knot of Henry. Several investigators have reported their
anatomic variations of in the region of the knot of Henry.
However, they reported 3 different types basis on small
sample cases. There have been no such anatomic studies in
Asia to date.Sixty cadaver legs were dissected, and the
relationship of the FHL tendon with the FDL tendon was
analyzed. Only two different configurations were found. In
type 1, a tendinous slip branched from the FHL to the FDL
(58 of 60 feet). In type 2, a slip branched from the FHL to the
FDL and another from the FDL to FHL (2 of 60). The
tendinous ship connection from the FHL to the FDL in the
foot may be more frequent than previously reported. Only
two configurations of the anatomical relationship of the distal
FDL to FHL tendons were found in this study with large
sample. Based on these results, to preserve the function of
great toe after transfer of the proximal FHL tendon, routine
tenodesis should be done.
A4220
The effects of treadmill exercise on the white matter
changes in female APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse
Chunni Zhou, Lin Jiang, Yi Zhang, Lei Zhang, Fenglei
Chao, Yun Xiu, Yuan Gao, Chunxia Huang, Jin Ma,
Sanrong Wang, Yong Tang*
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
53
Departmentof Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University, P. R. China
Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University, P. R. China
Whether exercise can delay the process of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is still controversial. To address this issue, 6month-old female APP / PS1 transgenic mice were divided
into control group and exercise group. Exercised mice ran for
four months. We found that when compared to control group,
the escape latency in the Morris water maze was significantly
shortened, and the white matter volume of exercised group
was significantly increased. The quantitative information of
the myelinated fibers in the white matter is being collected
with the new stereological methods. Our preliminary data
indicated that exercise could delay the decline in the
cognitive function and white matter volume of female AD
mice. These data together with the coming results of the
myelinated fibers in the white matter might provide an
important scientific basis for understanding the mechanism
for the fact that running exercise could delay AD progress.
Postmenopausal women will accelerate the process of agerelated cognitive decline. Estrogen replacement therapy
(ERT) could improve the learning and spatial memory
capacity and protect the white matter structures in
postmenopausal women. However, the relationship between
ERT and the myelin sheaths of the myelinated fibers in the
aged white matter has not been studied. In this study, we
found that when compared to the control rats, the escape
latency in the Morris water maze of ERT rats was
significantly shortened, and the total volume of the myelin
sheaths and the difference between the inner perimeter and
the outer perimeter of the myelin sheaths in the ERT rats
were significantly increased. The present results suggested
that ERT had positive protective effects on the learning and
spatial memory capacity and the myelin sheaths of the
myelinated fibers in the white matter of middle-aged
ovariectomized rats.
A4227
A4288
Applied anatomy of mandibular canal and inferior
alveolar nerve
Triptolide (T10), a Chinese herb extract inhibites
neuroglia cell activation and proliferation in the
hippocampus of dtg APP/PS1 mice model of
Alzheimers’ disea
Wenhao Feng1, Nengrui Yang1Ƒ, Rongming Ji2,
Huilong Huang2, Xinnan Zhao1, Yunjie Shi1, Shaohai
Wang 3, Fang Liu2#, Jiajun Xu2Ƹ
Jianming Li1,2,, Deliang Lei1
1
Department of Anatomy, 2. Clinical Group 9 of Students'
Brigade, 3. Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital,
Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433,
China
1
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School
of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
410013, China; 2Department of Anatomy ,Changsha Medical
University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
The aim of this study is to provide the anatomical data for
protecting the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in clinic dentures
implantation.The distance of mandibular canal to the alveolar
border, the distance between the exterior margin of the
mandibular canal and the buccal side or the lingual side of the
mandibular plate were measured. The distance from the
mandibular canal to the dental root of different teeth was as
follows: 12.57 mm to central incisor, 10.06 mm to lateral
incisor, 9.28 mm to cuspid teeth, 8.04 mm to second
premolar, and 7.59 mm to second molar. The lengths of the
IAN outside and inside of the mandibular canal were 25.93
mm and 67.97 mm respectively.The width and thickness of
the IAN at inferior dental foramen were 2.58 mm and 1.86
mm respectively. The distance of the inferior alveolar margin
to the mandibular canal in the alveolar resorption was smaller
than that of the alveolar unabsorbed. The distance from the
mandibular canal to the alveolar border of different teeth was
as follows: 11.98 mm to central incisor, 10.79 mm to lateral
incisor, 11.49 mm to cuspid teeth, 10.38 mm to second
premolar, and 8.99 mm to second molar.
A4277
The effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the
white matter and myelin sheaths in the white matter
of middle-aged ovariectomized rats
Qi He, Yanmin Luo, Fulin Lv, Qian Xiao, Fenglei
Chao, Xuan Qiu, Lei Zhang, Yuan Gao, Yun Xiu,
Chunxia Huang, Yong Tang*
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurological
disease . The principal pathological feature of the disease is
the extracellular deposition of fibrillar beta- amyloid (Aȕ)
protein and its compaction into senile plaques (SPs). These
focal deposits or SPs is the focus of a complex inflammatory
cellular reaction involving the activation of both microglia
and astrocytes adjacent to the amyloid plaque. The transgenic
murine expression of amyloid precursor protein (APPswe)
and presenilin 1 (PS1¨E9) human mutations cloned from
patients with familial AD results in the deposition of mutant
Aȕ protein and the formation of SPs with activation of
microglia and astrocytes . The present study is to assess the
effects of T10ˈa Chinese herb extract on neuralgia within
the hippocampus of dtg APP/PS1 mice. Our data suggests
that T10 inhibited neuroglia cell activation and proliferation
in a concentration dependent manner .
A4295
Polysaccharide extracted from morinda officinalis
how intragastric administration improves reproduc
tive repair in rats with experimental varicocele
Zhu Zhu, Wei Wang
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian
Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province (350004),
China
Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned
to 7 groups: Control group, sham-operated group, VC group,
three polysaccharide-treated VC groups (25 mg/kg.d, 50
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mg/kg.d, 100 mg/kg.d respectively), and saline-treated VC
group. Experimental varicocele was induced by partial
ligation of the left renal vein. Polysaccharides or saline
intragastric administration were performed daily for 6 weeks
after operation. Compared with VC group or saline-treated
group, there were increases in sperm counts, and decreases in
teratosperm
rates
in
the
polysaccharide-treated
groups(P<0.05); serum testosterone, LH, FSH levels also
increased(P<0.05), and dose-effect curve could be
established. Obvious damage of spermatogenic cell was
observed in the VC group, while the abnormalities were
attenuated
by
polysaccharide
treatments.
After
polysaccharide treatment, FSH receptor in testes of
polysaccharide-treated groups increased(P<0.05), meanwhile,
androgen receptor in hypothalamus increased(P<0.05).
Expression of GnRH in hypothalamus increased in 50
mg/kg.d and 100 mg/kg.d polysaccharide-treated VC
groups(P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that polysaccharide
extracted from MOP may exert therapeutical effects on
reversal of testicular lesions through improving secretory
activity of hypothalamus,in varicocele.
A4312
Inhalation of hydrogen alleviated the hepatic injury
by reducing the expression of UCP2 protein
Chunhua Chen, Jianwei Wang, Lihua Qin, Li Zheng,
Zhiyuan Wang, and Weiguang Zhang*
Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao
University; 3 Department of Epidemiology, Qingdao
Municipal Central for Disease Control and Prevention
The default mode network (DMN) has been considered as
one of the most intriguing puzzles in cognitive neuroscience.
Previous studies have found that the key regions within the
DMN are highly interconnected and causally interacted.
However, it remains unclear how genetic control over the
causal information flow within the DMN during resting state.
Using recent advances in dynamic causal modeling (DCM),
we investigated the importance of genetic effects on the
DMN by examining the effective connectivity among 46
pairs of twin subjects. Model comparison procedures favored
a full-connected model. Heritability for the effective
connectivity of the DMN was 0.54. Establishing the
heritability of default-mode effective connectivity authorizes
the use of resting-state networks as endophenotypes or
intermediate phenotypes in the search for the genetic roots of
psychiatric or neurological illnesses.
A4325
A report of elongated styloid process connected with
the hyoid in Chinese Han people
Mingxu Sun, Fang Gu*, Xiaoyu Feng, Yunlong
Zheng, Rui Liu, Fanglong Li
Qingdao university medical collegeˈShangdong China
Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyˈPeking University
Health Science Centerˈ38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District,
Beijing 100191,China
This study aimed to examine the influence of hydrogen
inhalation ˄ 3%H2 ˅ on hepatic steatosis and explore the
mechanism of hydrogen effect by observing the expression of
UCP2 .Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into
and
control
group,
hydrogen
group,CCl4 group
CCl4+hydrogn group. Blood samples were collected for
serum alanine transaminase(ALT)level detection. The hepatic
tissues were stained with HE and oil red O. The expression of
UCP2 protein was shown by IHC and western blot. The
serum ALT decreased significantly in the hydrogen treatment
group compared with the CCl4 group (p ˘ 0.05),and was
similar to the level of control and hydrogen group. After
hydrogen treatment, the vacuolar structures disappeared in
the cytoplasm and the amount of red droplets reduced
apparently. The expression of UCP2 protein found in the
cytoplasm increased obviously in the hydrogen group than
the control and CCl4 group. Inhalation of hydrogen could
alleviate hepatic injury combined with the increased UCP2
expression in the hepatic tissues which might relate to the
decrease of the inteacelluar oxidative stress.
A4323
Genetic control the dynamics of default mode
network
Junhai Xu1, Yuchun Tang1, Wenjian Xu2, Zengchang
Pang2, Shuwei Liu1
1
Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy,
Shandong University School of Medicine; 2 Department of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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We found that both sides styloid process were structural
abnormalities when we dissected a specimen. Special reports
were as the following: the specimen is male,Pingdu
Shandong province China,56 years old, 176 cm height, 156
pounds weight, died 5 years ago because of the disease,
volunteering to donate his body for anatomy teaching. The
left styloid process was rougher and longer. It went upwards
to lower surface of temporal bone, downwards to the lesser
horn of hyoid, 80 mm at length, and there are two thickening
structure look like the joints in the middle of them, 9 mm at
its widest point, small range of activities available and well
enveloped; While the right part was a little thinner and
shorter, about 58 mm at length, connected not directly with
the hyoid bone, and well envelope.
A4336
A innovative method to imitate human cerebellum
specimens
Xueyan Cai
Department of Anatomy,Guangdong Medical College,China
Background:The human cerebellum specimens are easy to
damage in practice for teaching of gross anatomy.It is
thriftless for simple teaching purposes.Methods:In the
experiment,the human cerebellum specimen was imitated
with tofu stuff.Step 1 the fixed cerebellum specimen was
crued to get an original model.Step 2 made a silicone mold of
the human cerebellum specimen by brushing way,then made
a outer mold with gypsum,remove the cerebellum
specimen,get a compound mold.Step 3 prepared the soft tofu
that obtained by mixing with hot(over 90ć)solution(added
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
55
with appropriate amount coffee powder and burnt sienna
gouache colour) and instant soft tofu powder(180ml:192g),
kept in still position for 15 minutes.Step 4 broke and pressed
the soft tofu into the compound mold quickly through an
accessorial funnel,the operation quicker,the bonding easyer,
the texture harder,the colour darker.Step 5 slowly and
carefully remove the compound mold.Results:The artificial
cerebellum model made of tofu was lifelike,flexible,wet,easy
to damage just like the human cerebellum specimens,but it is
total grey, there was no colour contrast between grey and
white matter, it can be revealed from the cross section of
pendunculus cerebellaris medius clearly. The artificial
cerebellum model can be duplicated recurringly,
economically, it has more proximater texture. It is more like
real specimens than cerebellar models mode of rubber,
plastic,gypsum.In one ward, it is a nice surrogate of human
cerebellum specimens for the teaching of gross anatomy.
A4350
Three-dimensional reconstruction of mesorectum in
Chinese children
Wenrui Li1, ᇞLequn Zhou1, Xing Zhang2, Long tian1,
Yingjiang Ye2, Shan Wang2, and * Weiguang Zhang1
Ƹ
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University
Health Science Center, 38Xueyuan Road, Haidian District,
Beijing 100191, China 2Department of Gastrointestinal
Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
The 3D digitizing establish of cerebellar veins and
its tributaries by SWI in adults
Urogenital dysfunction after rectal and pelvic surgery was
significantly decreased with the introduction of nervepreserving dissection and total mesorectal excision (TME).
However, there is little report about the accurate border of
mesorectum, as well as the specific anatomical structures of
nerves and lymph nodes around the mesorectum, focused on
Chinese people. In this study, serial histological sections
were made from four human children (two female), with each
section 20 to 60ȝm. They were stained with hematoxylin and
eosin,
Sirius
red,
masson's
trichrome
and
immunohistochemical reagents to reveal different structure
and also two sorts of nerves. All sections were then
digitalized and reconstructed in three dimensions (3D).
Computer-assisted anatomical dissection (CAAD) was used.
We located the mesorectum, the fascia and nerves around the
mesorectum, the lymph nodes in the mesorectum in 3D.
Above all, this study has revealed visualizations of optimal
planes for rectal surgery with nerve preservation. The results
also provide apparent combinations between the histological
examinations and the surgery findings. Compared to foetal
3D reconstruction, the result of children histological section
was easier extrapolated to adults.
Inhalation of hydrogen gas ameliorate the
expression of S6K1 in CCl4 -injured spermatogenic
cells of rats
Zhiyuan Wang1, ƸJinghua Tian2, Changwen Zhou2,
Jianwei Wang1, Ke Wang1, Changman Zhou1, and *
Weiguang Zhang1
Ƹ
1
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University
Health Science Center, 38Xueyuan Road, Haidian District,
The 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) act to
control mRNA translation and regulate proliferation among
cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of S6K1
following testis spermatogenic injuries induced by carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4). Thirty male SD rats were randomly
divided into 3 groups: sham, CCl4-4w, CCl4-4w+H2 (inhaled
3% H2 gas for 1 week). An established rat testis injury model
was prepared by subcutaneously injecting the mixture of
CCl4˄60%˅and oil˄40%˅by 3ml/kg body weight twice a
week. Epididymal sperm density, HE staining,
immunohistochemistry and western blot of P70S6K1 and
PCNA in the spermatogenic cells of testis were examined.
CCl4 exposure significantly reduced sperm density in rats.
P70S6K1 and PCNA decreased in spermatogonium. In the H2
gas inhalation group, H2 gas significantly increased the sperm
density and improved the expressions of S6K1 and PCNA in
spermatogonium (P<0.05). In conclusion, our study suggests
that S6K1 plays a significant role in spermatogenic cells of
testis injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and H2
inhalation maybe protect the male animals from CCl4 induced
reproductive damage.
A4412
1
A4393
Beijing 100191, China; 2Department of Anatomy, Heze
Medical College, Shandong China
Xiaofen Zhang, Huihuang Qiao, Chuangen Ren,
Zhongxiao Lin, Ming Cai, Zhongxiao Chen, Jianwu
Zheng, Chengchun Chen
Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035,
China
Until now the normal anatomical data of the cerebellar veins
are very scarce. Susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI) is a
3Dˈhigh resolution and gradient-echo imaging technique,
which can detect less than an individual element of the
venule (200~300ȝm).The research is to carry out data
acquisition of 200 healthy participants by using minimum
Intensity Projection (mIP) and Multiplanar reconstruction of
post-processing technology for 3D digitizing reconstruction,
so as to establish a detailed database of the cerebellar veins
and its tributaries and explore the constructing method of
small veins less than 100ȝm in the area of cerebellar cortex
and medulla.The study will promote cerebellar veins related
diseases and tumor diagosis and treatment of early
regeneration capillaries.
A4413
The 3D visual research in venous network of basal
ganglia region
Huihuang Qiao, Xiaofen Zhang, Chuangen Ren,
Ming Cai, Xindong Yang, Zhongxiao Lin,
Zhongxiao Chen, Chengchun Chen
Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
This study is to obtain image data and to explore discipline of
distribution, drainage and coincide in Venous network of
basal ganglia region via SWI. We apply various MR
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sequences to obtain data which is compared with SWI, then
reconstruct image and take all data into statistical analysis
such as amount, spatial position, diameter, length, reflux
position, reflux angle and so on. The final result reveal that
SWI can develop venule reaching 200ȝm and develop the 3level branches clearly. And we find that there are many
microvascular anastomosis between arteries and veins in this
region and the venous network distribution is relatively
concentrated. It comes to a conclusion that SWI which has
been a significant mean of detecting venule will obviously
increase the detection rate of venule, insidious
cerebrovascular disease and early tumor. It will be extremely
helpful to increase the efficiency and quality in the clinical
diagnosis and treatment via completing various data in
venous network of basal ganglia region.
A4439
MRI study on morphology in human brain striatum
Guiqin Bai
Department of Anatomy, North Sichuan Medical
University,Sichuan637000,China
Generally considered that Parkinson's disease and other
neuropsychiatric diseases may cause changes in striatal
morphology. Many scholars had in-depth discussions on the
relevance of the morphological change of corpus striatum.
However, due to the different object of study, research
methods, the results are not consistent.So, the application of
the research results in the practice of clinical diagnosis and
treatment has been limited. Based on this, in this study,
through the acquisition of healthy adult living donor striatum
magnetic resonance images, the data about the striatum
volume, area, linear indicators was measured, which based on
sectional anatomy studies of the corpus striatum. Then
comparatived studies the cross sections and the MRI
observation data, and discussed the changed rule in sections
and MRI of the corpus striatum, to provide valuable
information for healthy adults in striatal morphology data
standards, and improve their application in clinical diagnosis
on related diseases. Meanwhile, this study also use voxelbased morphology the measurement (VBM) method for
calculating the volume of brain tissue, to lay the foundation
for exploring the striatum cognitive functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI).
A4465
The teaching content reform of the anatomy of the
nervous system in nursing
Fuxiang Liu, Xu He
Teaching and research section of human anatomy
to explore the major characteristic of building the teaching
content of the anatomy of the nervous system in nursing.
communicating with nursing specialist, we set out survey
content and investigated further the clinical nursing for
frontline. spinal cord location, brainstem function and its
appearance, cerebellum function in central nervous system
must be mastered, and the content of internal capsule should
be familiar, while teaching requirements of other teaching
content in central nervous system only being understood. The
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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teaching requirements of the peripheral nervous system was
as follows: radial nerve, intercostal nerve, subcostal nerve,
olfactory nerve , oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, facial
nerve, vestibular cochlear nerve should be acquainted, while
other teaching content only being understood; all conduction
paths was required to understand except the pupillary light
reflex should be familiar. The teaching requirements of
anatomy of the nervous system in nursing should be lowered
and the teaching content could be simplified.
A4471
Analysis of a survey of human specimen’s impact
on medical students
Peng Liu1, Shimin Xu2, Haiping Huang2, Xiaoli Gong2,
Liyan Wei2, Rong Wang2
1
Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China;2Guangxi
Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of
China
To investigate the factors of medical students’ anxiety in the
process of studying systematic anatomy. The students were
selected by stratified sampling and were tested with State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to estimate their
psychological health status. They were grouped according to
being only children or not, gender, age, origin and attending
time. The STAI scores were analyzed by SPSS16.0. In T-AI,
differences were found between the only children and nononly children˄39.97±8.10˚38.29±8.87˅, while in S-AI,
none of those factors made significant difference. The nononly children are easier to be anxious, we should do more
psychological counseling for them, so to reasonably release
their negative emotion.
A4472
The measurment of the aortomesenteric angle and
the diameter of left renal vein on normal adult with
CT
Peng Liu1, Chunyan li2
1
Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning, China; 2Department of Radiology, the First
Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
China
To investigate the influence of the aortomesenteric angle to
the pressure of left renal vein on normal adult. Select 260
cases of normal adult CT enhance scanned images. Measure
the aortomesenteric angle, the diameter of left renal vein
before and after the anglerespectively. The aortomesenteric
angle ranged from 19°to 112°, with an average of 59.0°±
21.3°, the transverse diameter of the left renal vein before and
after the angle was 0.94cm ± 0.13cm and 0.50cm ± 0.11cm
respectively, wich ratio was 2.06 ± 0.61, and the ratio has
weak correlation with the aortomesenteric angle (r=0.425).
The compression of the left renal vein correlates on the size
of the aortomesenteric angle, the distance from the angle, and
the other vessels in paralleled with.
A4487
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
57
The clinical applied anatomy of spinous process of
thoracic vertebra
Xiaohong Wang, Shuwei Liu, Yujun Xia, Haiwei
Meng, Lei Feng, Xiuquan He, Fengxia Wu
Daowen Si, Yitong Jia, Guozhu Hou, Yuxi Zhang
Department of anatomy, medical college of Qing Dao
University; 2Research Center for Sectional and Imaging
Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, 250012
Jinan, Shandong, China
College of Basic Medicine, Hebei United University
Address: No.57, Jianshenan Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei
Province, China.
The aim of the study is to provide anatomical basis for
clinical applied anatomy by measuring thoracic spinous
process and its gap, and to accumulate data for investigation
on physical fitness of Chinese people. Spinous process
spacing, length, width and thickness of T1-T12 segments were
measured in 20 intact formalin-fixed specimens. The results
showed that spinous process tip spacing T3-4 was the largest,
and T9-10 was the smallest. Spinous process length of central
border T8 was the largest, and T12 was the smallest. Spinous
process width T12 was the largest, and T1 was the smallest.
Spinous process thickness of central border T12 was the
largest, and T7 was the smallest. In conclusion, thoracic
spinous spacing is tip > central > root, and appears to be a
wedge-shaped structure from high to low in the sagittal plane;
thoracic spinous width is roughly root > central > tip;
thoracic spinous thickness is lower > central> upper, and it
becomes thicker first, then becomes thinner from T1-12.
Gait deficits are important clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s
disease (PD). We evaluated gait changes in the methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced C57BL
/6 murine model of PD by using a computer-assisted
CatWalk system. The gait readouts, including walking
duration, variation of walking speed, step cycle, duty cycle,
stance, initial dual stance, terminal dual stance, three- and
four-point supports, and the base of support between hind
limbs was noted to increase significantly one week after
MPTP injection. In contrast, values of the stride length,
cadence, swing speed, and diagonal dual support decreased
substantially following MPTP treatment. All of these changes
lasted for three weeks. Except for the stance in fore limbs and
the swing speed in the hind limbs, the gait variability in PD
mice showed a closer correlation with the protein levels of
TH in SN than the walking distances in the conventional
open field test.
A4538
Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on promoting sciatic
nerve regeneration in rat model of nerve transected
injury
A4496
Anatomical measurement of three-dimensional
reconstruction of adult talus and its significance for
individualized treatment
Xin Fang, Peng Zhou, Xusheng Yan, Zanjun Yang
Yirong Liu, Yandong Zhang
Baotou Medical College,Donghe District,Jianshe road
No.31, Bao Tou, Inner Mongolia
Department of anatomy, Hebei Union University, Tangshan ,
Hebei , China
To establish digital three-dimensional computer model of the
talus, and to measure the relevant anatomical data to provide
anatomical parameters for clinical treatment. Sixty normal
adult volunteers containing 30 males and 30 females were
treated with CT scan. Scan slice thickness and pitch was
1.25mm, slice thickness was 0.625mm, reconstruction
spacing was 0.625mm, Fov 30×30mm, matrix was
512×512dpi, tube voltage was 150kv and current was 260
mA. The original scan data were introduced into PC
computer with the form of DICOM. Three-dimensional
reconstruction software was used for post-processing and
measurement. The digital and virtual reconstruction model of
talus could be observed and measured from multi-plane.
Measurements of the length, width, heigth of the talus; the
anterior width , the posterior width, the height, the length of
trochlea of talus; the length of medial and lateral malleolar
facet in the male were larger than those in the female.
Anatomical data from measurement have an important impact
on talus diseases. the design of surgical instruments and the
formulation of individualized treatment programs.
To study effects of ginsenosides Rg1 on sciatic nerve after
injury. Sixty SD rats were assigned into treated group and
control group randomly. Ginsenosides Rg1 (40mg/kg) was
administered by intraperitoneal injection to rats in treated
group for 12 weeks. Expression of NGF was tested by
immunohistochemistry method after 4 weeks. Sciatic nerve
function index (SFI), electrophysiological index of nerve,
morphologic alteration of never and muscles and weight
recovery rate of gastrocnemius were studied to evaluate
recovery of sciatic never after injury. The denervated changes
of rats from the test group in the muscle atrophy, stretch and
ascend action of paw is better than those of control group.
There was more expression of NGF in treated group in 4
weeks (P<0.05). After treated with ginsenosides Rg1 for 4 to
12 weeks, SFI, nerve conduction velocity, counts of axon and
weight recovery rate of gastrocnemius, indicated that there
were statistically important difference between two groups(
P<0.05). Ginsenosides Rg1 can promote repair, regeneration
and function recovery of never after injury.
A4551
A4512
Anatomical measurement of adamkiewicz artery
and its supply for anterior spinal artery
Quantitative assessment of gait and neurochemical
correlation in a classical murine model of
Parkinson’s disease
Guanyu Zhang1,2, Lei Yue1,2, Xiaokun Zuo1,2, Xiaodan
Guo1 and Jiajun Xu1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
58
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
1
Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; 2 Company 2,
Cadet Brigade, Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai, 200433, PR China
To investigate the importance of Adamkiewicz artery for
blood supply of spinal cord, and provide the anatomical basis
to reduce postoperative complications of abdominal
aneurysm and intraspinal tumors, we observed and measured
course and diameter of Adamkiewicz artery as well as the
diameter change of anterior spinal artery before and after
anastomosing with Adamkiewicz artery in 24 adult
speciemens. 70.8% Adamkiewicz arteries were located at left
side between T9 and T12 level, and there was a significant
change in the diameter of anterior spinal artery before and
after anastomosing with Adamkiewicz artery. However, some
variations appeared like two or more Adamkiewicz arteries,
absence of Adamkiewicz artery and no obvious variation of
the diameter of anterior spinal artery in nearly 30%
specimens. All results suggest that Adamkiewicz artery be
crucial for the blood supply of spinal cord in the most adults,
but could be complemented or replaced by other arteries in
about 30% people.
A4552
Tailoring transection of MHV for Right-lobe LDLT, complex
asymmetry of the MHV ramification pattern is well
established, but poorly understood. Thirty-three livers
removed from adult cadavers were used. The MHV branches
of S4 are named as follows: inferior part is V4a, superior part
is V4b, between S4a and S4b is V4a-4b. Total 343 MHV
branches were encountered. There were 107 branches
draining left liver, 85 branches draining both right and left
liver, 151 branches draining right liver, including V4b,
2(0.6%); V4a-4b, 25(7.3%); V4a, 77(22.4%), V4a-5,
32(9.33%); V4b-8v, 19(5.54%); V4a-8v, 34(9.91%). Venous
drainage pattern of S4 were MHV dominant (MHV:
LHV=104:59). Pure V4b branches were very rare (MHV:
LHV=2:4). V4a were most common (MHV: LHV=77:35).
V4a-V4b were less common (MHV: LHV=25:20).Identifying
the specific V4 vessels of the areas of the left medial segment
and supply anatomical information from both sides of the
liver for donor safety and graft function.
A4582
An applied anatomical study on the external
laryngeal nerve loop and the superior thyroid
artery in the neck surgical region
Applied anatomy for lumbar puncture
Weitian Lu, Juan Huang, Yuan Zhong, Shanquan Sun
Lei Yue1,2, Guanyu Zhang1,2, Xiaokun Zuo1,2, Xiaodan
Guo1 and Jiajun Xu1*
Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, China, 400016
1
Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical
University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; 2Company 2, Cadet
Brigade, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai,
200433, PR China
To provide anatomical data for lumbar puncture, we
measured the distance from skin to ligamenta flava, the
thickness of ligamenta flava, the distance from skin to spinal
dura mata, the distance from ligamenta flava to spinal dura
mata, and the anteroposterior diameter of subarachnoid space
through intervertebral space between L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4L5 levels in the median and paramedian approach on 20 adult
specimens. There were some variations and degenerations,
including ligament calcification, hyperostosis, and absence of
anastomoses of ligamenta flava, in 30% of all the specimens.
The measured parameters above showed no significantly
differences between different levels, while the distance from
ligamenta flava to spinal dura mata in median approach was
obviously longer than that in the paramedian approach.
Meanwhile, there existed an negative correlation between the
distance from ligamenta flava to spinal dura mata and the
thickness of ligamenta flava. Our results provide a reliable
anatomical basis for lumbar puncture in clinic, and suggest
that design of the current lumbar puncture needles need to be
improved.
A4568
Anatomical study of middle hepatic vein branches
with segment 4 using cadaveric livers
To investigate the morphology of the external laryngeal nerve
(ELN) loop and its topographical relation to the superior
thyroid artery (STA), so as to provide anatomical basis for
protecting ELN during surgery. 48 human cadavers were
dissected and analyzed. Among the low-position ELN loops,
the neurovascular relationships of the STA and the nerve
were classified into four types: a. the artery overlapped the
nerve; b. the artery passed through the ELN loop; c. the
muscular branch of ELN loop and the laryngeal branch of
STA coursed together; d. the branches of the ELN loop and
the STA were interlaced. (1) The patterns of ELN loop and
STA branching are so complicated that none of the papers
could statistically define them, which should be kept in mind
to protect the nerve from injury. (2) Because of the variable
morphology of the ELN loop and its complex topographic
relations to the STA, the vessels should be individually
isolated and then ligated during thyroidectomy. (3) During
the processing of laryngeal branch ligation of STA in larynx
surgery, special attention should be paid to avoid damaging
muscular branch of ELN/ELN loop.
A4619
Teenagers-transverse process the cervical hook hole
spacing of the age change and clinical significance
Xing Wang 1,3, Jun Shi 2, Shaojie Zhang 1,3, Zhijun Li
1,3ˆ
, Yuanzhi Zhang 3, Jianwei Wang 1, Shang Gao1,
Zhiqiang Wang1
1
Zhewu Jin, Dongyuan Xu, Xiangdan Li
Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University Medical
College, Yanji China
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Department of Anatomy, Inner Mongolia Medical
University, Huhhot 010059,China; 2Department of
Physiology;3Digital Medical Center
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
59
Explore the uncinate-transverse hole spacing developmental
patterns and aging characteristics. Select the 66 adolescents
without receiving trauma and the problems of nervous system
.Then these young people do thin spiral CT scan,˄0.625̚
1.25mm.˅the range is C1-T1 . Then the original data in the
form of DICOM are put into three-dimensional software to
do the relevant measurement. Then conduct statistical
analysis according to gender and age. There are no significant
differences between The cervical hook-transverse process
hole spacing between gender and side don't And these
differences are not influenced by age and gender. Overall, the
physical development of human increases gradually with age
and has some significant differences. There exists a close
relationship between distance between The cervical hook transverse process and vertebral artery type, hole spacing and
the incidence of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type.
control (group A) was given normal saline from gestational
days 1-21. After parturition, the litters in each group were
weighed and sacrificed by euthanized on postnatal day 35.
The brain was weighed and the prefrontal cortices were
excised, fixed in formol calcium and processed. Tissue
sections were stained with: Feulgen reaction for DNA
substances and Cresyl Fast Violet for Nissl substance. Using
CFV, there was partial loss of Nissl substances in the litters
exposed to bitter leaf on E8-E14 and E1-21 while there was
more DNA loss in the litters exposed to bitter leaf on E8-E14
and E1-21. The above findings suggest that prenatal exposure
of young Wistar rats to oral bitter leaf at 400 mg/kg is
associated with loss of protein and DNA in the prefrontal
cortex.
IFAA2014-2-002
Distribution of intermediate filaments in the testis
and epididymis of wild cane rat (thryonomys
swinderiamus)
A4620
Observational study on the activities of air sacs in
the celom-opened chicken
Wahabu H. Kimaro, Maulilio J. Kipanyula, Vincent
Stephen, Amos Kaongoye
Jinlong Zhang
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Sokoine University of
Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
*kim16wh@yahoo.com
College of Veterinary MedicineˈYangzhou University,
Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009ˈChina
How the avian air sacs participate in the respiration is a
fundamental but poorly understood problem. We observed
the activities of the air sacs during respiration after the celom
was opened in the anesthetized chicken. Here we showed that
the initiatively outspread or constriction of the lateral thoracic
wall, the horizontal septum and the oblique septum during
inspiration or expiration made the cranial and the caudal
thoracic air sacs expand or contract. Therefore, the cranial
and the caudal thoracic air sacs expanded or contracted
initiatively to draw or expel the gas into or out them via the
lungs from or into the respiratory tract and the cervical, the
clavicular and the abdominal air sacs during inspiration,
causing usually the cervical, the clavicular and the abdominal
air sacs to contract or expand. The cranial and the caudal
thoracic air sacs act as bellows ventilating the lung.
wasiu balogun, ansa cobham, joseph olajide, azeez
ishola, aminu imam, khadeejah adeyemo, ufuoma
enaibe
Intermediate filaments form an essential component of the
cytoskeleton. Their distribution in the testis and epididymis
shows variation between species. Little is known on the
distribution of intermediate filaments in the male
reproductive organs of the Cane rat. This study reports the
distribution of vimentin and neurofilaments in the testis and
epididymis of the wild cane rat during breeding season. Five
wild cane rats were captured at Uluguru Mountains during
rain season. Testicular and epididymal samples were fixed in
10% buffered formalin and immunostained for vimentin and
neurofilaments using an LSAB+ kit. In the epididymis, no
vimentin immunoreaction was observed in the epithelial
cells. Vimentin immunoreaction was observed in the
cytoplasm of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the
connective tissue. Neurofilament staining was observed in
nerve fibres in the connective tissue. In the testis, vimentin
was observed in the cytoplasm of sertoli cells. Vimentin
immunoreaction was also observed in the cytoplasm of
endothelial
cells
and
fibroblasts.
Neuralfilament
immunostaining was observed in the tunica albuginea and in
the connective tissue between rete testis. Based on the present
study, the distribution pattern of vimentin and neurofilaments
in the testes and epididymis of the cane rat is similar to that
of the mice.
*ballonogodie@yahoo.com
IFAA2014-2-003
IFAA2014-2-001
Prenatal exposure to oral bitter leaf results in
protein and DNA loss in the prefrontal cortex in
Wistar rats
Bitter leaf is widely consumed by pregnant women in Africa
for the treatment of many diseases during the various phases
of pregnancy. But whether this treatment is deleterious to
developing prefrontal cortex requires clarification. This study
investigated some histological effects of prenatal exposure of
aqueous bitter leaf extract on the developing prefrontal
cortex. Twenty-five pregnant Wistar rats with an average
weight of 200g were randomly divided into five groups
(n=5). The experimental groups were administered bitter leaf
(400mg/kg) on the gestational days 1-7 (group B), 8-14
(group C), 15-21 (group D) and 1-21 (group E) while the
Immunodetection of N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside in
lung carcinoma by immunohistochemistry: A
technical study using frozen and formalin-fixed and
paraffin-embedded tissues.
Rancés Blanco1, Charles E. Rengifo2, Mercedes
Cedeño1, Milagros Frómeta1, Tays
Hernández3, Adriana Carr4, Enrique Rengifo1
1
Laboratory of Recognition and Biological Activity Assays,
Department of Quality Control, Center of Molecular
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
60
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Immunology, Havana, Cuba; 2Department of Pathology,
Manuel Fajardo General Hospital, Havana, Cuba. 3Research
and Development Direction, Center of Molecular
Immunology, Havana, Cuba; 4Innovation Managing
Direction, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
*rances@cim.sld.cu
N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside (NeuGcGM3) expression in
lung carcinomas using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded
(FFPE) samples has been recently demonstrated. In the
present work, it was confirmed the tissue expression of
NeuGcGM3 in lung carcinomas by mean of two different
mAbs, P3 (anti-NeuGc-containing gangliosides and sulfated
glycolipids) and 14F7 (a highly specific for NeuGcGM3)
using FFPE samples. In addition, it was reported the tissue
expression of NeuGcGM3 in frozen lung carcinoma sections,
also supported by the chemical extraction of this ganglioside
with organic solvents such as: ethanol, methanol and
chloroform/methanol. Moreover, the murine, chimeric and
humanized versions of 14F7 mAb showed a similar pattern of
immunostaining in this kind of samples. It was also
demonstrated that formalin fixation prevent the damage
and/or extraction of the antigenic determinant recognized by
14F7 mAb. Consequently, the detection of NeuGcGM3 in
frozen samples and their FFPE counterparts was comparable.
Our data seems to be in agreement with the potential use of
chimeric and/or humanized versions of 14F7 mAb for the
passive immunotherapy of lung carcinoma expressing
NeuGcGM3. The reactivity of 14F7 murine mAb in FFPE
tissues permits to consider it as a useful tool in the selection
of patients for specific therapies.
IFAA2014-2-004
Morphometric study of neurons and myelinated
nerve fibers in the rat spinal ganglia. light and
electron microscopic observation
Eldar Gasimov1, Aygun Aliyarbayova1, Shahla
Huseynova1, Rafie Ghaffarzadagan2
1
Histology, Embryology and Cytology; 2Zürich Medical
Services, Zurich, Switzerland.
*geldar1949@gmail.com
The spinal ganglion plays an important role in transmitting all
forms sense information to the brain; however, our
knowledge about its cyto- and myeloarchitectonics
organization is still limited. In 20 albino rats under deep
anesthesia, the dorsal roots, spinal ganglia and sciatic nerves
were removed and then processed using standard TEM (JEM
1400). Usually neurons of spinal ganglia were divided into
"small dark" and "large light" groups. However, the light and
dark neurons detected among the neurons with diameter 2050 ȝm, even in one the same section. Morphometric analysis
showed that in the spinal ganglia and sciatic nerve has 3
groups myelinated nerve fibers: small; medium and large.
Taking into account the presence of the close correlation
(r=0,99) between the indicated groups of myelinated nerve
fibres and diameters of neurons spinal ganglia, the last were
also divided into 3 subgroups: small (to 30 μm); medium (3050 μm) and large (more than 50 μm). In conclusion, should
be noted that the division of neurons only into "small dark"
and "large light" don’t have any morphological basis. At the
analysis of functional capability of structural elements of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
spinal ganglion must be taken in mind the species-specific
features of their cyto-and myeloarchitectonics.
IFAA2014-2-005
Histomorphometric studies of the impact of telfairia
occidentalis on alcohol-induced alterations in testis
Edidiong N Akang1, Ademola A Oremosu2, Abraham
A Osinubi2, Olufunke O Dosumu2, Sunday A
Adelakun2, Millicent L Umara3
1
Anatomy, Benue state University, Makurdi, Nigeria
Anatomy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria;
3
Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
*eltyeddy@gmail.com
2
This study is designed to determine the effects of Telfairia
occidentalis leaves on alcohol-induced cyto-architectural
changes in the testis. Aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia
occidentalis (T.O.) was administered by gastric gavage at a
dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight daily, while 2
g/kg body weight of ethanol at 30% v/v was administered
daily to mature male Sprague-Dawley rats for a period of 4
and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, Group B (alcohol only)
significantly decreased in sperm count and sperm motility
compared to group A, there were slight depletions in the
germinal epithelium of group B compared to group A
(controls). Significant increase of germinal epithelium was
observed between groups C (250 mg/kg of T.O.), D (500
mg/kg of T.O.), E (30%v/v of alcohol and 250 mg/kg of
T.O.) and F (30%v/v of alcohol and 500 mg/kg of T.O.) when
compared with A and B. After the 8 weeks study, the
germinal epithelium of groups C, D and E increased
significantly compared to group B. The lumen decreased
significantly in groups D and E compared with group B. In
conclusion, Telfairia occidentalis promotes semen
parameters, reduces oxidative stress and effectively
ameliorates the cyto-architecture of the testis
IFAA2014-2-006
Electroacupuncture promotes differentiation of
transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
overexpressing TrkC into oligodendrocyte-like cells
and remyelination in demyelinated spinal cord of
rat
Ying Ding1, Bing He1, Yuan S Zeng1
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan
School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
510080, China.
*dingying@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Our previous study indicated that electroacupuncture (EA)
treatment could promote neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) expression
and increase the number of endogenous oligodendrocyte
precursor cells (OPCs) in the demyelinated spinal cord.
However, the number of oligodendrocytes differentiated from
the endogenous OPCs is limited. It is known that NT-3
promotes the survival and differentiation of the cells by
preferential binding to its tyrosine receptor kinase C (TrkC).
Here we attempted to transplant TrkC gene modified bone
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
61
marrow mesenchymal stem cells (TrkC-MSCs) into the
demyelinated spinal cord, and then performed EA treatment
to increase endogenous NT-3 level and further enhance
TrkC-MSCs to differentiate into oligodendrocytes,
remyelination and functional recovery in the demyelinated
spinal cord. We found EA could promote TrkC-MSCs to
differentiate OPCs and APC-positive oligodendrocyte-like
cells. Moreover, TrkC-MSCs+EA combination therapy
increased the number of newly formed myelins and MBP
protein expression, and promoted Kv1.2 to cluster in the
myelinated axons but non-typic shape. Finally, the
combination therapy promoted recovery of behavioural
function and cortical motor evoked potentials. In conclusion,
our results suggest that EA treatment increases NT-3
expression, and may promote the differentiation of TrkCMSCs into oligodendrocyte-like cells, remyelination and
functional improvement in the demyelinated spinal cord.
(SMG), sublingual (SLG) glands of young (8 weeks old) and
old (8 months old) male C57BL/6 mouse. In PG, PAC1R was
localized in the striated duct. In SMG, PAC1R was detected
in the tall columnar epithelial cells in granular ducts and
some of the cells in the striated ducts. In SLG, PAC1R was
localized in the striated duct. No apparent difference of
PAC1R was detected between young and old mice glands. In
SLG of old mice, granular epithelial cells are detected in the
striated duct. Furthermore, massive infiltrations of CD3positive or B220-positive lymphocytes were detected in old
PG and SMG. These results suggested that PACAP regulated
the saliva secretion by modulating the activity of striated duct
and that lymphoid infiltration in PG and SMG but not in
SLM might give the useful information for the etiology of
autoimmune disease of salivary gland.
IFAA2014-2-009
Interconnection of polyplody, multinuclearity and
periodical rejuvenation of liver cells.
IFAA2014-2-007
The ultrasrtuctural and morphometrical
characteristics of the intraocular part of white rat
optic nerve
Asomidin Sadriddinov, Nilufar Isaeva
Department of Histology, Tashkent pediatric medical
institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
*asom_sad_23@mail.ru
Mushfig Teyyub Orujov
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
*morujov@hotmail.com
IFAA2014-2-008
Polyplody and multinuclearity are typical sign of hepatic
cells, but the interconnection of these phenomena are not
open to the end. The aim of study to research the
interconnection of binuclear cells withpolyplody and
significance of nucleolus in this process. The material was
the liver of pubertal rabbits with weight from 2.5 to 3.5 kg,
histological sections were analyzed under microscope model
N800M after coloring hematoxylin eosin. The results of
analyses for hepatocytes nucleus’ state showed that
sometimes from middle or large polyploid nuclei of
hepatocytes the more enlarged nucleoli move to nuclear
membrane, and, penetrating it, go out to cytoplasma. The
going out nucleolus gains even contours, gradually increasing
in volume, and, reaching maternity nucleus size, it appears
near it, in such way the binuclears are formed. Thus,
apparently, from polyploidy nuclei the diploid binuclears are
formed. In some cases after nucleolus going out the maternity
nucleus is undergone to decomposition, and, separating
nucleolus turns into new nucleus, in such way the young
(“rejuvenated”) cells arise. Thus, appearently occurs not only
periodical rejuvenation of cells, but, and, at repeated
selfconstruction of nuclear material the genetic material’s
breakages are removed, and, the cells’ longevity is apparently
connected with it.
Localization of PACAP receptors in mouse major
salivary glands with aging
IFAA2014-2-010
The aim of investigation is the study of the ultrasrtuctural and
morphometrical characteristics of the intraocular part of
white rat optic nerve. Intraocular parts of optic nerve of 6
white laboratory rats were fixed using intravenous infusing
the mixed solution of 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.5%
glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH – 7.4). Then
specimens were embedded in Epon-Araldite; ultrathin
sections from these resin blocs were examined in JEOL-100S
and Hitachi-12E electron microscopes. The data of
investigation showed that the optic nerve in this part is
formed by unmyelinated nerve fibers. The diameter of these
fibers is 0.4-2.3 mkm. In comparison with other parts of optic
nerve, the glial cell count is considerably less. Regardless of
any increase in the morphological parameters of prelaminar
vascular elements, the volume and perimeter of the optic
nerve trunk decreases as it comes closer to the retina. We
have concluded that this is dependant on the decrease of the
macroglial cell count and the absence of the myelin sheath
around the optic nerve fibers in the prelaminar region.
Naoko Nonaka, Masanori Nakamura
Immunohistochemistrical and molecular changes in
lamb articular cartilage induced by enrofloxacin
Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology,
Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
*choku@dent.showa-u.ac.jp
Kaveh Khazaeil1, Yazdan Mazaheri1, Mahmoud
Hashemi Tabar2, Hossein Najafzadeh3, Hassan
Morovvati3, Alireza Ghadrdan4
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)
is now recognized as the multi-functional neuropeptide in
various organs. We have examined the effect of PACAP for
saliva secretion. In this study, we compared the parenchymal
structure and the distribution of PACAP receptor, PAC1R, in
three major salivary glands; parotid (PG), submandibular
1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of veterinary
Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran;
2
Cellular and molecular research center, Faculty of
Medicine, Jundi-shapour University of Medical Sciences,
Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of veterinary
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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62
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
*kkhazaeil@gmail.com
Fluoroquinolones changes in the articular cartilage especially
with high doses and more than two weeks use. So, due to
relatively excessive use of enrofloxacin in the sheep flocks,
this study was done to investigate the effects of enrofloxacin
on cellular and molecular changes in growing lamb articular
cartilage to evaluate some possible mechanisms involved
these changes. Twelve ,2 month – old male lambs divided in
three groups: control group received only normal saline;
therapeutic
group
received
5mg/kg
enrofloxacin
subcutaneously, daily, for 15 days and toxic group received
35 mg/kg enrofloxacin as the same manner as therapeutic
group. Twenty four hours after the last dose, the animals
were euthanaized and their stifle joints were dissected.
Sampling from distal femoral and proximal tibial exterimities
were done quickly for further histological and molecular
studies. Collagen-ɩ content was studied with avidin- biotin
immunohistochemistry method in different groups.
Expression of Sox9 and caspase-3 was evaluated by Real –
time PCR. Immunohistochemistrical changes were included
decreases of matrix proteoglycans, carbohydrates and
Collagen-ɩ in toxic group. Some of these changes were
observed in therapeutic group with less intensity in
comparison to toxic group. Enrofloxacin were significantly
decreased (P 0.05) Sox9 expression in therapeutic and toxic
groups compared to control group. But caspase -3 expression
in toxic group significantly increased (P=0.0001) with
comparison to other groups, while between control and
therapeutic groups, there were no significant differences. So,
it can be concluded that enrofloxacin increases apoptosis in
chondrocytes and decreases their numbers. Enrofloxacin use
in growing lambs even at recommended therapeutic dose, is
not completely safe on articular cartilage. moreover higher
doses of enrofloxacin induce sever changes in lamb articular
cartilage.
IFAA2014-2-012
Ameliorative effect of ginkgo biloba on
neurodegeneration caused by fluoride
R Jetti1, C.V Raghuveer2, M.R Chamallamudi3, S.N
Somayaji1, P.B Billakanti4
1
Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical college,
Manipal University, Manipal, India; 2Department of
Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University,
Mangalore, India; 3Department of Pharmacology, Manipal
college of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University,
Manipal, India; 4Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical
College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
*raghujetti@yahoo.co.in
IFAA2014-2-011
Excessive consumption of fluoride through drinking water or
other sources leads to skeletal and dental fluorosis. In
addition to bones and teeth soft tissues and major organs are
also affected by fluoride toxicity.In the present study we
attempted to investigate the structural changes in
hippocampus followed by fluoride exposure and to explore
the ameliorative effect of Ginkgo biloba against neurotoxicity
caused by fluoride.Animals were randomly divided into four
groups (n=6 in each group), Control, Fluoride,
Fluoride+Vehicle (F+V), Fluoride+Ginkgo biloba (F+GB).
Control animals received plain tap water; all the other groups
received 100ppm fluoridated water for 30 days, later F+V,
F+GB groups received 100mg/kg body weight of gum acacia
and Ginkgo biloba respectively for 15 days. After the
experimental period animals were euthanized brain tissue was
processed and stained with cresyl violet staining, well stained
sections free from artefacts were selected for counting the
mean number of viable neurons. The fluoride group showed
reduction in the mean number of viable neurons compared to
control, whereas more viable neurons were found in Ginkgo
biloba treated group in comparison to fluoride group. Hence
the Ginkgo biloba may be an alternate therapeutic strategy to
treat fluorosis victims.
The Histopathologic appearance of the pancreatic
islet in hyperglicaemia
IFAA2014-2-013
Eryati Darwin, Muhamad Farid, Delmi sulastri
3D scanning of unsectioned adult optic nerve axon
with a CLARITY method by laser scanning
confocal microscopy
Departemnt Histology, Faculty of Medicine Andalas
University, Padang-Indonesia.
*eryatidarwin@fk.unand.ac.id
Sen Lin, Bingyin Su
Hyperglycemia is a crucial factor in the development of
diabetic nephropathy because of its effects on glomerular and
might cause renal damage. To determine the effect of
hyperglycemia on pancreatic islet, we examined the
pancreatic tissues from the four groups of male Swiss Albino
mice, induced by different doses of glucose. Morphometric
analysis on Haematoxilin-eosin stained pancreatic sections
showed that the area and diameter of islet were higher in
group G1 but lower in group G2 and G3 (p<0.05). The islet
cells count was higher in group G2 and G3 (p<0.05).
However, there was no significant difference on islet cells
count between Kontrol group and group G1 (p>0.05). Islet
density was slightly higher in all treated group (p<0.05). The
result suggest that hyperglycemia caused significant changes
in histopathological features of mice pancreatic islet.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Dept.of Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Development and
Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu
Medical College, Chengdu, China.
*lsroger@163.com
Studying axon in the central nervous system(CNS) is
hampered by current histological and imaging techniques
because they provide only partial information about axonal
reactions. The optic nerve(ON) crush model is considered to
be a classic model for studying CNS. In brief, adult WT
C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized and the ON was crushed for
5s to observe a clear cut, however do not destroy dura.
Animals with permanent ischemia were excluded. We began
by embedding ON in hydrogel monomers, formaldehyde and
thermally triggered initiators into tissue at 4ºC. Next,
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
63
polymerization of the biomolecule-conjugated monomers into
a hydrogel mesh was thermally initiated by incubating
infused tissue at 37ºC for 24h, at which point the tissue and
hydrogel became a hybrid construct. Importantly, lipids and
biomolecules lacking functional groups for conjugation
remain unbound and therefore can be removed from the
hybrid. To extract lipids efficiently, we developed an
electrical ionic extraction technique to remove the unbound
lipids. Several days later the transparent ON were obtained
followed by PBST rinsing for 1day. The ONs were labeled
with
immunofluorescent
antibodies
by
routine
immunofluorescence method and the labeled axons were
finally observed by a laser scanning confocal microscopy.
IFAA2014-2-014
Visualization and significance of myofibroblast and
vascular density in the invasive front of colorectal
cancer
Vesna Janevska, Liljana Spasevska, Vlado
Janevski, Slavica Kostadinova-Kunovska, Blagica
Dukova
Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje,
Macedonia.
* janevskadrvesna@gmail.com
Ccolorectal cancer prognosis predominantly depends on the
disease stage, but new prognostic factors are investigated in
order to determine disease progression and highlight the
mechanism of disease spreading. The aim of this study was to
investigate the myofibroblast and vascular density in the
invasive front of the tumor tissue and their relation to: grade
of differentiation (G), disease stage, T and N parameters from
pTNM classification. Methods: Specimens of invasive front
of
colorectal
cancer
of
82
patients
were
immunohistochemically stained for smooth muscle actin
(SMA) and CD34 by using immunoperoxidaseLSAB+System. The quantity of positive stained cells was
determined and the results were correlated with the
pathologic parameters. Results: Density of SMA positive
myofibroblasts was higher in patients with higher tumor
grade (p<0.016), with lymph node metastasis (p<0.018) and
advanced stage of the disease (p<0,037). Density of CD34
positive vascular channels in the invasive tumor front was
higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (p<0.032) and
advanced stage of the disease (p<0,027). Conclusion: The
density of myofibroblasts and CD 34 positive vascular
channels in the invasive front of colorectal cancer is a useful
indicator for disease progression in patients with colorectal
cancer. The visualization of the cells with SMA and CD34
using immunoperoxidase-LSAB+System was sufficient for
making the differentiation between the myofibroblasts and
fibroblasts and for labeling neovasculature and its density.
IFAA2014-2-015
Osteointegration of porous tantalum cylinders
implanted in human subjects: interim results
Celia Clemente de Arriba1, Miguel Angel Alobera
Gracia2, Soledad Aguado Henche1, Kim
Bradbury3, Hai Bo Wen3
1
University of Alcala; 2University of León; 3Zimmer Dental
Inc.
*celia.clemente@uah.es
We analysed the ability of osteointegration of Trabecular
Metal ™* porous tantalum cylinders when placed in human
jaw. (* Trabecular Metal Material ™ is a trademark of
Zimmer Holdings, Inc.). This clinical study was approved by
the institutional review board of the University of Leon,
Spain. 23 healthy subjects were used. Each of them received
one or two cylinders of porous tantalum, 3x5 mm, next to a
conventional dental implant in the same surgical time.
Subjects were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (6 cylinders per
group) designated for cylinder explanation at 2, 3, 6 or 12
weeks. At the designated retrieval time, cylinders were
explanted with 5.0mm trephines and marked to indicate
orientation at placement. The samples were buffered in 10%
formaldehyde and histologically processed in University of
Alcala. With the sectioning system EXAKT, histological and
histomorphometric studies were performed to analyse the
quality and quantity of bone tissue formed inside and around
the cylinders. Intense angiogenic activity with little
osteoclastic activity was found in all groups, especially in
shorter times. New bone formation was observed inside the
pores (ingrowth) and in direct contact with the external
surface (ongrowth) of all samples at 12 weeks. 14.9% of bone
density area was achieved in the 12-week group.
IFAA2014-2-016
Validation of an osteoporotic animal model
Soledad Aguado-Henche, Celia Clemente de
Arriba, Josefa Carrascosa-Sanchez, Mauricio
Hernández-Fernández, Rosa Rodríguez-Torres
Department of Surgery and Medical Social Sciences. Area of
Human Anatomy and Embriology. School of Medicine.
University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). Spain
*soledad.aguado@uah.es
The aim of the present study was to characterize an
experimental model of osteoporosis (OP) in rabbits induced
by a combination of two experimental interventions, bilateral
ovariectomy (OVX) and a low-calcium diet. Eighty female
New Zealand rabbits, each 6 months old and weighing 4 to
4.5 kg, were used in this study. The animals were
anesthetized, and an in vivo densitometric analysis was
performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to
measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the calvaria, cervical
spine, and right tibia. To achieve experimental osteoporosis
bilateral ovariectomy was made followed by hypocalcic diet
(0.07% calcium) for eight weeks. After this period, new
densitometric measurements were carried out. Two-way
analysis of variance was used for statistical evaluation. Pvalues of less than 0.5 were considered to be significant.
Ovariectomy and a low-calcium diet were able to induce a
decrease in BMD, as measured at 8 weeks by DXA. This
decrease was statistically significant in the tibia (P < .001)
and the cervical spine (P < 0.5) but not in calvaria.
Ovariectomy and a low-calcium diet are able to induce
experimental osteoporosis in rabbits in a short period of time.
IFAA2014-2-017
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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64
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Ulcer healing effects of crude berberis vulgaris leaf
extract in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in
rats.
Marina Y. Kapitonova1, Renad N. Alyautdin1, Ibrahim
A.A. Ibrahim2, Azhar Ahmad1, Alexey V.
Smirnov3, Yury Khlebnikov3, Ahmad R.
Salehuddin1, Nafeeza M Ismail1
1
Faculty of Medicine, UiTM, Shah Alam, Malaysia; 2Umm
Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 3Pathology
Department, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd,
Russia.
*marinakapitonova@mail.ru
Ineffectiveness of long term gastric ulcer drug treatment or
even resistance to it have promoted searches of anti-ulcer
agents from natural sources. Berberis vulgaris (BV) was
known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticholinergic action, while the effect of its crude leaf extract on
gastric ulcer was not considered before. The objective of the
study was to evaluate the effect of crude BV leaf extract on
ethanol- induced gastric mucosal ulceration in rats. The effect
of crude extract of BV (10 or 50 mg/kg) and atropine (50
mg/kg) on severity of ethanol-induced gastric ulcerations was
compared in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats using semi-quantitative
scale (Wong, 2002) and histological evaluation of gastric
mucosa with image analysis. Severe haemorragic necrosis of
the gastric mucosa was observed in untreated animals
(negative control group). In rats treated with BV gross gastric
lesions were significantly less severe, gastric mucosa was
flattened compared to the negative control group (MannWhitney test, p<0.05). Histological evaluation showed
significantly reduced ulcer area with less pronounced edema
and leukocyte infiltration in BV-treated rats in a dosedependent manner compared to the negative control group.
The effect was comparable with positive control group
(atropine treatment). Thus, crude leaf extract of Berberis
vulgaris was able to protect gastric mucosa from ethanolinduced ulcer by reducing haemorrhagic necrosis of the
mucosa, edema, neutrophil infiltration of the mucosa and
submucosa, and gastric motility.
IFAA2014-2-018
Expression of mismatch repair proteins and
correlation with survivin in colon lesions
Marian Adamkov1, Martina Furjelová1, Slavka
Drahošová2, Marián Benþat2, Ivan Varga3, Luboš
Danišoviþ4
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty
of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Slovakia; 2Department of Pathology, Alpha Medical, Martin,
Slovakia; 3Department of Histology and Embryology,
Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Slovakia; 4Department of Biology, Medical Faculty,
Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
*adamkov@jfmed.uniba.sk
Primary role of mismatch repair proteins (MMRP) is to repair
mismatched nucleotides during DNA replication. Protein
survivin functions in inhibition of apoptosis, regulation of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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cell division, and it enhances angiogenesis. This study was
designed to determine the relationship between MMRP and
survivin in colon lesions. The immunohistochemical study
included 113 cases of colon carcinoma (70 grade 1 and 43
grade 2) and 51 cases of colon polyp. In carcinomas,
immunoreaction was detected in 100/113 samples for MLH1
(88.5%), 112/113 samples for MSH2 (99.1%), 110/113 for
MSH6 samples (97.3%) and 103/113 for PMS2 samples
(91.2%). Survivin was shown in 47/113 samples (41.6%).
Statistically, there is a significant correlation between the
expression of MMRP and survivin (p<0.001), in the intensity
of MMRP and survivin immunoreactivity (p<0.001), and in
percentage of MMRP and survivin labeled cells (p<0.001). In
polyps, all samples were positive for each of MMRP (100%).
Survivin was found in 8/51 samples only (15.7%). The
correlation was found between MMRP and survivin
(p<0.001). These results support the hypothesis that MMRP
may suppress the antiapoptotic function of survivin in low
grade colon carcinomas and polyps. This work was supported
by project VEGA 1/0050/11.
IFAA2014-2-019
Morphological characteristics of atrial myocardium
in patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm
Natalia Smorodinova1, Lucie Lantová1, Martin
Bláha2, VojtČch Melenovský2, Jan Hanzelka1, Josef
Kautzner2, Jan Pirk3, Tomáš Kuþera1
1
Institute of Histology and Embryology, The First Faculty of
Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech
Republic; 2Institute for Clinical and Experimental MedicineIKEM, Department of Cardiology, Prague, Czech Republic
3
Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM,
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Prague, Czech
Republic.
*tkucer@lf1.cuni.cz
The goal of this study was to characterize morphologically
and functionally endomysium of both the left and the right
atrium in patients with AF or in sinus rhythm (SR)
undergoing open heart surgery. Patient population consisted
of 46 subjects (19 with AF, and 27 in SR) undergoing
coronary bypass or valve surgery. Peroperative bioptic
samples of the left and the right atrial tissue were examined
using immunohistochemistry. The volume fraction of
endomysial elastin, collagen I, and collagen III in atrial tissue
was similar in AF and SR groups. However, the right atrium
was more than twofold more abundant in elastin as compared
with the left atrium. Similar but smaller difference was found
for collagen I and III. The right atrium showed also higher
VEGF expression and lower microvascular density as
compared to the left atrium. We found significant regional
differences between the right and the left atrium including
differences in extracellular matrix content, microvascular
density and angiogenic signaling. Furthermore, the results
show that in patients undergoing open heart surgery, either in
SR or in AF, no significant quantitative differences can be
demonstrated. This work was supported by the Research
Program of Charles University – PRVOUK P25/LF1/2.
IFAA2014-2-020
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
65
Crosstalk between the hypothalamo-hypophyseoadrenal and thyroid axes in chronic stress at early
age.
Vladimir V. Khlebnikov1, Maria V.
Sharaevskaya1, Alexei M. Agrytskov1, Zoya C.
Morozova2, Alexei A. Ryadnov2, Muzammil
Ullah3, Sergei P. Gupalo4, Azhar Ahmad4, Marina Y.
Kapitonova4
1
Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia;
Volgograd State Agricultural University, Volgograd, Russia
3
UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Shah Alam, Malaysia; 4UiTM,
Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
*marinakapitonova@mail.ru
2
Endocrine system undergoes significant developmental
changes until puberty, therefore in the growing body exposed
to stress, onthogenetic modulations of the neuroendocrine
axes are superimpoised by stress-related adaptational
changes, and as a result the latter may become
disadaptational or even fatal. The objective of the study was
to evaluate stress-related changes of the hypothalamohypophyseo-adrenocortical and thyroid axes in chronic stress
in peripubertal rats. Total of 48 Sprague Dawley male rats of
the late infant (45 days) and juvenile (60 days) age period
were exposed to mild (Santos, 2000) or severe (Takagi, 1964)
chronic stress, with 8 animals per each experimental and agematched
control
group.
Histological
and
immunohistochemical evaluation of the hypothalamus (CRF),
pituitary (TSH, ACTH), adrenal (cortico-medullary ratio) and
thyroid (thyroglobulin, activation index, height of thyrocytes,
accumulation of colloid) glands was complemented by image
analysis using Image Pro Plus 7.0 software. Higher level of
the central (secondary) hypothyroidism was discovered in
severe stress group in juvenile animals compared to the infant
rats (p<0.01), while primary hypothyroidism was more
pronounced in the infant animals of both stress groups.
Negative correlation was discovered between expression of
CRF and TSH in the juvenile animals exposed to severe
stress (r=-0.63; p<0.05) while in the other experimental
groups it was not significant demonstrating the ontogenetic
patterns of crosstalk between the
IFAA2014-2-021
Distribution of schwann cells in human appendix
Marina Y. Kapitonova1, Yahya M. Aripin1, Ahmad R.
Yusoff1, Abdul H.A. Rashid1, Sergei P.
Gupalo1, Muzammil Ullah2, Alexei V. Smirnov3, Yury
Khlebnikov3, Sergei Kuznetsov4
1
UiTM, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia;
UiTM, Faculty of Dentistry, Shah Alam, Malaysia;
3
Volgograd State Medical University; 1st State Medical
University named after I.M.Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
*arinakapitonova@mail.ru
2
Chronic pains in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
(RLQA) in patients without manifestations of acute
appendicitis remain a challenging problem. Investigations
were undertaken to explain pathogenesis and justify diagnose
of neurogenic appendicopathy using neuronal markers (Cajal
cells, S-100 protein, synaptophysin, etc), none of which
proved to be enough sensitive or specific. Most of
investigation were performed on limited number of cases not
allowing to get significant results. The objective of this study
was to compare distribution of the Schwann cells in
appendices of patients with acute appendicitis and chronic
pains in the RLQA. Routine histological and
immunohistochemical
staining
for
S-100
protein
complemented by image analysis using Image Pro Plus 7.0
was applied to evaluate distribution of the Schwann cells in
the surgically removed appendices from 49 children aged 1-7
years with acute appendicitis (1st group, 27 patients) and
chronic pains in the RLQA with minimal histological
changes in the appendix (2nd group, 22 patients). It was
shown that the volume density and numeric density of the
immunopositive cells was significantly higher in patients of
the 2nd group compared to the 1st group (p<0.05). There was
no correlation between the level of inflammatory changes and
distribution of the immunopositive cells in the appendices of
the patients of the 1st group. These data provide information
on the possible role of the appendicular neural component as
a prerequisite for the development of the syndrome of chronic
pains in the RLQA in children.
IFAA2014-2-022
Transmission electron microscopic findings of the
liver tissue of female sprague dawley rats following
subacute dose of mitragyna speciosa korth crude
extract
Srijit Das1, Rani Sakaran1, Faizah Othman1, Ibrahim
Jantan2, Zar Thent1
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*drsrijit@gmail.com
Mitragyna speciosa Korth (MS) herb has been widely used
traditionally as a remedy for many diseases and also misused
as an addictive agent. Research related to its subacute toxicity
changes are rare. The present study observed the histological
changes following acute and subacute toxicity of MS crude
extract in the liver of female Sprague Dawley rats using
transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thirty two female
rats (150-200 g) were divided into four groups i.e. control
acute (CA); control subacute (CS); experimental acute (EA)
and experimental subacute (ES). CA and CS groups and they
were administered only 15% Tween-80. Regarding the EA
group, MS methanol extract was administered in a single
dose of 1000 mg/kg for 14 days. Group ES rats were
administered daily doses of 500 mg/kg MS methanol extract
for a period of 28 days. The hepatocytes of ES group were
severely distorted in their nucleus shape with indistinct
nucleolus margin. The membranes of the organelles were also
poorly defined. In summary, subacute dose of MS crude
extract induced significant morphologic changes in the liver
tissue. Thus in future, knowledge of the subacute dose
toxicity would be useful in proper treatment.
IFAA2014-2-023
Correlation between glycoprotein in extracellular
matrix and lung volume in different body weight rat
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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66
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Ria Margiana1, Isabella Kurnia Liem1, Jeanne
Adiwinata Pawitan2
1
Departement of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas
Indonesia; 2Departement of Histology, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Indonesia.
*riamargiana@yahoo.com
Many diseases lead to alveolar disturbance and serious sign
and symptom. Recently, glycoprotein was believed to be a
potential agent that cause many pathological changes in
lungs. Glycoprotein can be found in many structures
including extracellular matrix. To investigate the correlation
between glycoprotein in extracellular matrix and lung
volume. 21 Sprague dawley rats weighing <100g (group 1),
200-350g (group 2) and >450g (group 3) were used in the
study. To investigate the glycoprotein in extracellular matrix
we used PAS staining. Lung volume was measured with
water displacement method. The data was analyzed using
Spearman Correlation test in SpSS 17. The lung volume
mean in group 1 is 519±38, 7 μl and glycoprotein in
extracellular matrix median is 1 (range 1 - 2). In group 2, the
lung volume mean is 2728±202 μl and glycoprotein in
extracellular median is 3 (range 2 - 3). In group 3, the lung
volume mean is 6985±987 μl and glycoprotein in
extracellular matrix median is 3 (range 2 - 3).The lung
volume and glycoprotein in extracellular matrix has a
correlation with r: 0,817, p <0.05. There is a strong
correlation between glycoprotein in extracellular matrix and
lung volume. There is an increasing trend in glycoprotein in
extracellular matrix and lung volume. Keyword:
glycoprotein, extracellular matrix, lung volume.
IFAA2014-2-024
Effect of simulated weightlessness on ghrelin
expression in rat serum and gastric mucosa
Jinshan Zhang, Jie Zhao, Zhen Li
*jszhang@fmmu.edu.c
Anorexia and weight loss induced by weightlessness of
astronauts is a crucial issue in modern aeromedical research.
Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone
secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) originally identified in rat
and human gastric mucosa. Ghrelin has been shown to have
gastroprotective effects. The present study was designed to
explore the alterations of ghrelin in serum and gastric mucosa
of rats following simulated weightlessness, and provide
experimental evidence for further studying the mechanism of
spaceflight weightless enviroment on digestive system
function disturbance. The Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed
to 4 week simulated weightlessness by using hindlimb
unloading(HU) rat model. We found that the serum ghrelin
level were significantly decreased by simulated
weightlessness, and the integral optical density of ghrelin
immunoreactive cells of gastric mucosa in the simulated
weightlessness rats were also decreased. Our data suggest
that simulated weightless environment can reduce the level of
ghrelin in serum and gastric mucosa. ghrelin might be
involved in the regulation of digestive system function in
simulated weightless environment. This work was supported
by the Natural Science Foundation of China.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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IFAA2014-2-027
Comparative analysis of macrophages and dendritic
cells in thymuses of children with sudden infant
death syndrome and with congenital heart defects
Ivan Varga1, Hana Gergisakova2, Lubos
Danisovic3, Veronika Mestanova4, Katarina
Tesliarova1, Marian Adamkov4, Michak Miko1
1
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine,
Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; 2Institute of
Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius
University in Bratislava, Slovakia; 3Institute of Medical
Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of
Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;
4
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of
Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Slovakia
*ivan.varga@fmed.uniba.sk
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) represents a
distinctive subgroup of unexpected infant deaths occurring
during the first months of life. According to some authors
SIDS is associated with developmental anomalies,
immaturity or hyperplasia of several organs such as the
thyroid, parathyroid gland, adenohypophysis or carotid body.
Nowadays, in PubMed, there are 84 literature references,
which relate sudden infant death syndrome to thymus
somehow. Those are largely studies of Russian authors of
older data. Our group consisted of thymus tissue of 19
children deceased of SIDS (SIDS+) from different parts of
Slovakia. The samples were from the period 2006 to 2011.
Average age at time of death in this group was 3.1 months.
As a control group we used tissue from the thymuses of 14
newborns, who underwent surgery because of various
congenital heart defects and thus part of the thymus had to be
removed. The specimens were fixed in formalin for 24 h,
embedded in paraffin and 5ȝm thick sections were used for
histology and immunohistochemistry (anti-CD68 and antiS100 antibodies). The final reaction product was visualized
with diaminobenzidine as chromogen in brown. Comparing
thymuses from children with congenital heart disease with
SIDS+ thymic tissue, we observed higher activity of
macrophages and fewer dendritic cells (antigen presenting
cells) in the medulla of the latter. Based on our findings, we
assume that in SIDS+ thymuses depletion of
lymphocytopoesis occurs, which also reminds us a pattern of
acute thymic involution. Supported by Grant VEGA No.
1/0253/14.
IFAA2014-2-028
Ameliorative potentials of hibiscus sabdariffa in
animal model of stz diabetes – induced renal
damage: a morphological and biochemical study
David O1, Victor O2, Efere M3, Stephen O1
1
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; 2Department of
Anatomy, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
3
Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University,
Ile Ife, Nigeria.
*waledavade@yahoo.com
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
67
The anti-nephrototoxic activities of Polyphenol-rich fraction
of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx was
evaluated after its oral administration to STZ-induced
diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in Wistar
rats by a single i.p injection of 80 mg/kg b.w. STZ dissolved
in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 6.3). The ameliorative effects of
the extract on STZ-diabetes induced renal damage was
evident from the histopathological analysis and the
biochemical parameters evaluated in the serum and kidney
homogenates. Reduced levels of GSH, CAT and SOD in the
kidney of diabetic rats were restored to a near normal level in
the H. sabdariffa -treated rats. Elevated concentrations of
urea and creatinin in the serum of untreated diabetic rats were
also restored in the H. sabdariffa -treated rats. Examination of
stained kidney sections revealed hydropic glomerular and
tubular degenerations, Bowman space diminution, glomerular
and tubular basement membrane thickening as well as
excessive deposition of glycogen and collagen in the renal
interstitium.These pathological changes were ameliorated in
the extract-treated rats. The ameliorative effects of the extract
on STZ-diabetes induced renal damage could be partly
related to its antioxidant activity.
carcinoma. The expression of ACRBP was detected in 45
colorectal cacinoma tissues and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues by RT-PCT and immunohistochemistry,
respectively. The relationship between the expression of
ACRBP and clinicopathologic parameters was also analyzed.
The ACRBP mRNA was expressed in 71.1% (32/45) of
colorectal carcinoma tissues and in 53.3% (24/45) of adjacent
non-cancerous tissues, respectively. The expression of
ACRBP protein was present in 48.9%˄22/45˅of colorectal
cancinoma tissues, which was not detectable in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that there was
significant differences between the expression of ACRBP
protein and the depth of tumor invasion ˈ tumor
differentiation. However, no correlation between the
expression of ACRBP and most of the clinicopathologic
parameters, such as patient gender, age, tumor size, tumor
location, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM
stage, histological type were also observed. ACRBP protein
frequently expressed in coloreatal carcinoma relating to t its
invasion and differentiation. ACRBP may have potential
applications in immunotherapy and prognosis for colorectal
carcinoma.
IFAA2014-2-031
IFAA2014-2-029
Expression of caspase-12 mRNA in hippocampus in
posttraumatic stress disorder rat
Change in expression of calreticulin in medial
prefrontal cortex of rats with posttraumtic stress
disorder
Liu Hong, Han Fang, Shi Y Xiu
Lili Wen, Yuxiu Shi, Fan Han
*shiyuxiu@163.com
*shiyuxiu@163.com
To observe changes of caspase-12 mRNA expression in
hippocampus in rat model of posttraumatic stress
disorder(PTSD). We built rat PTSD model using Single
prolonged stress (SPS)-method ˊ Male Wistar rats were
randomly divided into 7 days group after exposure to SPS
(SPS 7d group) and a normal control group. The expression
of caspase-12 mRNA was detected by using RT-PCR.
Compared with the normal control group, the expression of
caspase-12 mRNA significantly increased in the SPS 7d
group. Apoptosis induced by SPS was accompanied by an
increase of caspase-12 mRNA level. And the endoplasmic
reticulum stress pathway was involved in the process of SPS
induced apoptosis.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common anxiety
disorder developed following exposure to life-threatening
trauma,which cause psychiatric and medical morbidity
,severe
psychosocial
distress
and
occupational
disability.PTSD has a high prevalence rate ,but the
mechanism of the PTSD is not clear.Calreticulin , one of
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones ,is also important in
the functions of ER ,such as protein folding,calcium
storage,and intracellular signaling,Studies had also shown
that depletion of calcium ,which may be induced by SPS( an
established animal model for PTSD), regulated expression of
calreticulin .Our previous study had reported that there is
dysfunction of calcium in PTSD rats . We suspect that the
changs of CRT in SPS rats may contribute to the further
mechanism of PTSD.
IFAA2014-2-030
Cancer testis antigen ACRBP in in colorectal
carcinoma: Expression frequence and its
correlation with clinical parameters
IFAA2014-2-032
Immunolocalization of cytoskeletal proteins and
laminin in the epididymis of the black-backed
jackal (canis mesomelas)
Bin Luo1, Jun Fu1, Xiang Yun2, Rong Fan3, Yongda
Lin1, Shujia He1, Qingmei Zhang1, Farong
Mo1, Guorong Luo1, Xiaoxun Xie1
Mary-Cathrine N Madekurozwa
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangxi Medical
University, Nanning 530021, China; 2The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,
China; 3Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangxi
Traditional ChineseMedical College, Nanning 530001, China
*xiaoxunxie@gmail.com
To investigate the expression of acrosin binding protein
(ACRBP) and its clinical significance in colorectal
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of
Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
*mary.madekurozwa@up.ac.za
The jackal is a vector of the rabies virus and a predator of
farm animals. Fertility control is regarded as a humane
method to manage the jackal population. There is currently a
lack of information on the reproductive biology of the jackal.
The objective of the present study was to describe changes in
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
68
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
the immunoexpression of cytoskeletal proteins and laminin in
the epididymis of the jackal. Epididymal tissue was collected
from a total of 24 jackals: eight juveniles; five adult males
with regressing testes; six adult males with inactive testes,
and five adult males with active testes. The immunostaining
technique was performed using a LSAB kit
(DakoCytomation, Denmark). Antibodies against cytokeratin,
laminin, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin were used
at dilutions of 1:50, 1:100, 1:50 and 1:25 respectively.
Epididymal epithelial cells were cytokeratin immunopositive.
Laminin was immunolocalized in basal laminae associated
with periductal smooth muscle cells. SMA was demonstrated
in periductal smooth muscle cells. Epithelial vimentin
immunostaining was dependent on the functional state of the
epididymis. The results of the study have established that a
variability exists in the distribution of cytokeratin, laminin,
SMA and vimentin in the epididymis of the jackal.
IFAA2014-2-033
The localization of vascular endothelial growth
factor and its receptors on testis and epididymis of
rabbit
Nilgün Antepli1, Feyzullah Beyaz2
1
Institute of Food, Agriculture and Livestock , Kayseri,
Turkey; 2Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Department of Histology and Embryology, Kayseri, Turkey
*fbeyaz@erciyes.edu.tr
The aim of study to exhibit localization of VEGF and its
receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on rabbit testis and
epididymis. VEGF was found in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia
and primary spermatocytes at all spermatogenic stages, in
acrosome of spermatids at stages V, VI, VII, and VIII in
seminiferous tubule, in Leydig cells or vascular endothelium
in interstitium and in the apical and basal cytoplasm of
principle cells and apical cells lining ductus epididymis in
initial segment, caput, corpus and cauda epididymis.
VEGFR1 was determined in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia
in seminiferous tubules containing all stages from I to VIII, in
Leydig cells in the interstitium and in epithelial cells lining
ductus epididymis, peritubuler cells surrounding ducts and
vascular endothelium in epididymis. VEGFR2 was found in
Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules
containing all stages from I to VIII, in acrosome of
spermatids in stages V, VI, VII, and VIII, Leydig cells or
vascular endothelium in the interstitium and in the cytoplasm
of principle cells, apical and basal cells lining ductus
epididymis and peritubular cells surrounding ducts. The
spesific localization of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in
testis and epididymis indicate they may affects the
spermatogonial differentation, acrosomal development of
spermatids, steroidiogenesis in Leydig cells and sperm
maturation and the supporting to blood-epididymis barrier in
epididymis.
IFAA2014-2-034
Internalization of gap junctions in the granulose
cells of rat ovary: An ultrastructural study
Shirley H Elmaasarany
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of
Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EGYPT
*elmaasarany@hotmail.com
The surface gap junction SGJ directly connects the cytoplasm
of two cells, allowing various molecules and ions to pass
freely between the cells. In granulose cells GC the SGJ allow
the passage of the oocyte meiotic inhibitor OMI to arrest the
division in the prophase stage. An increase in the number of
the SGJ between the GC was reported to be affected by the
level of the FSH. Aim: The present work aimed to study the
granulose cell junctions at the different staged of follicular
development. Twenty adult female Sprague- Dawley rats
(300-400g) were used. The phases of the cycle were
determined by daily examination of the vaginal smear. The
anaesthetized
animals
were
perfused
with
4%
paraformaldehyde /2%glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer
(pH 7.4) and processed for electron microscopy. The results
indicated that no tight junctions were detected between GCs,
whereas macular desmosomes were present in all stages of
follicular growth. SGJ increased dramatically from primary
to secondary to antral follicles. Internalization of the SGJ was
detected in mature antral follicles with internalization in
preovulatory follicles forming annular gap junctions AGJ.
These findings contribute to the understanding of GC
function in oocyte maturation.
IFAA2014-2-035
Thymic myoid cells in thymuses of children with
congenital heart defects
Ivan Varga1, Veronika Mestanova2, Michal
Miko1, Marian Adamkov2, Katarina Tesliarova1, Lubos
Danisovic3, Stefan Polak1
1
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine,
Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; 2Institute of
Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in
Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;
3
Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Slovakia
. *ivan.varga@fmed.uniba.sk
The thymic myoid cells were first noted in 1888 by Mayer,
who saw them in the frog thymus; they were described as
long, spindle-shaped cells showing distinct striations. In
human, the myoid cells are rare and located mainly in the
medulla and are most abundant in fetal development. The
biological role of myoid cells is not yet clear. Raviola &
Raviola (1967) suggest that myoid cells played a mechanical
role in facilitating lymphocyte passage through the thymus.
Tamiolakis et al. (2004) demonstrate that a myoid cells are
involved
in
the
formation
of
an
appropriate
microenvironment for proliferation of erythropoietic cells in
fetal thymuses. Mesnard-Rouller et al. (2004) suggest that
myoid cells contribute to the mechanisms involved in the
induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. Myoid cells
have surface receptors for acetylcholine. Thereby, it is
presumable that this cell type can play an initial role in
pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Wakkach et al. (1999)
demonstrate the excessive production of TNF-alfa and IL-8,
which presumably protect thymocytes from apoptosis. Our
immunohistochemical study is focused on description of
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
69
localization of the markers of myoid cells (desmin, alfa-actin,
troponin T) in thymic medulla in infants thymuses removed
during surgery performed for various congenital heart defects
was described. We look for the relationship between
abundance of myoid cells and type of congenital heart defect
(a possible common embryonic basis of myoid cells and
spiral septum of developing heart – the neural crest cells).
Supported by the Grant VEGA 1/0253/14.
IFAA2014-2-036
The effects of virgin sesame oil (sesamum indicum
linn) to destroyed hepatocyte induced by carbon
tetrachloride (CCL4).
subjected to standard histological procedure by paraffin wax
embedding method. Sections (5-7 P thick) were cut and
examined under light microscope after staining with
Haemotoxylin and Eosin stain. Histomorphological changes
were observed in Group B and C in the form of tubular
dilation, glomerular hypercellularity, renal tubular
hypertrophy, interstitium lymphocyte infiltration, increased
vascularity and interstitial oedema. These changes are
suggestive of glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis and
interstitial nephritis progressing to Chronic renal failure
warranting its cautious use.
B3551
Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the
developing digestive tract of human embryos
Pik Siong, Endang Listyaningsih Suparyanti, Bhisma
Murti
Yong Zhang, Xuehong Liu
Histology, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University,
Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.
*liesgalleries@yahoo.com
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of
Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City 312000 ,
China
Sesame seed that rich of natural antioxidants can repair even
reduce the injury. The aim of the research is for observing the
difference liver histologis structure between mices those were
Virgin Sesame Oil (VSO) without or after given CCl4.
Material and methode:The subjects were 32 mices strain
Swiss webster. X2 and X3 Group were VSO for 10 days, 0,1
ml/20 g BB mice and 0,2 ml/ 20 g BB mice each. (X0) Group
were palm oil fed in the 8th day but the others were CCl4 that
soluted with palm oil. The mices were killed and taken the
livers. Than it made histological preparat with HE painting.
We have counted change hepatocyte nucleus. Data analyze
by One Way ANOVA then LSD. The result showed
significience differences (F0 > Ft) among 4 groups. The
result of LSD showed significience difference (p < 0.05)
among 4 groups for both, Cariolisis and cariorecsis group.
There is no significience difference (p < 0,05) only between
X0 and X2 for picnotic group. The conclution is 0,1 ml/ 20 g
mice or 0,2 ml/ 20 g mice Virgin Sesame Oil can reduce
destroyed hepatocyte caused by 0,55 mg/ 20 g mice CCl4.
To explore the rule of cell proliferation, apoptosis and
expression significance of involved gene and protein as Bcl2(B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2) and Bax(Bcl-associate X
protein) in human embryonic digestive tract of developmental
stages. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were
used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and
genes in the embryonic esophagus, stomach and small and
large intestines of fetuses with 2, 3 and 4 month gestational
age(n=16). In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th months of gestation, Bcl2 positive cells were found in the intermuscular and
submucous nerve plexus in the esophagus, stomach and
intestines. Bax weakly positive cells were observed in the
mucous layer of the human embryonic esophagus, and Bax
positive expression in the simple columnar epithelium cells
of the human embryonic gastrointestinal mucous
layer. Conclusion Bcl-2 and Bax proteins are closely related
to the growth and development of cells and tissues in the
digestive tract muscle and mucous layers of human embryo.
B3553
IFAA2014-2-037
Expression of cell proliferation and apotosis genes
in human embryonic esophagus and intestine
Chronic toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos- A
histomorphological study
Xuehong Liu, Yong Zhang
Reeha Mahajan, Anita Tuli
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of
Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City 312000, China
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, india
*mahajan.reeha@gmail.com
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide extensively
used to protect agricultural products and livestocks.
Nephrotoxicity is one of the toxic manifestations of
Chlorpyrifos. Paucity of literature on histomorphological
changes in kidney following its exposure prompted us to
initiate this study. The present study was conducted on 45
Wistar albino rats (145-165 grams) procured from central
animal house of Government medical college, Jammu after
ethical clearance. The rats were divided into 3 groups. Group
A (n=10) served as control group. Group B (n=10) and C
(n=10) were administered Chlorpyrifos orally at a dose of 5
mg and 10mg/kg body weight respectively, daily. Five rats
from each group were sacrificed at 6th and 8th week after
initiation of the experiment. Kidneys were dissection out and
To explore the expression rule of PCNA, C-fos and apoptosis
genes in human embryonic esophageal and intestinal tissues.
Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL methods were used to
detect the expressions of cell proliferation and apotosis in the
embryonic esophagus and intestine of fetuses with 2, 3 and 4
month gestational age(n=16). At the second to fourth month
of gestation, PCNA positive cells distributed in each layer of
the esophagus and intestine, with the increase in fetal age, the
positive cell number and average intensity (AI) of PCNA
protein increased gradually(P<0.01). The AI of C-fos protein
rose initially and then dropped in the esophagus (P<0.01),
while it stably increased in the intestine(P<0.01). TUNEL
positive cells distributed in each layer of the esophagus and
intestine, with the increase in fetal age, the AI of TUNEL
positive cells showed a tendency of decrease following
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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70
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
increase (P<0.01). PCNA, C-fos and apoptosis gene
participate in adjusting the growth and development of
human embryonic esophagus and intestine.
B3588
Influence of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 in
proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular
carcinoma cells SMMC-7721
Yaling Qi Liqiang Chen
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University,
Heilongjiang, China (154007)
The SMMC-7721 cells were treated with different doses of
NS-398(0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 ȝmol·L-1 ) in various
groups for 24, 48, 72h. The inhibitory rates of proliferation of
hepatocellular carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 cells were
detected by MTT assay, and the changes of cell cycle and
apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry. Results
After treated with 25, 50, 75,100,and150 ȝmol·L-1 NS-398
compared with normal control group, the ratios of SMMC7721 cells in G0/G1 phase were reduced, and the ratios of
SMMC-7721 cells in G2/M phase were increased in the other
groups. No apoptotic peak was observed in normal control
group. The apoptotic peak was observed in 50 ȝmol·L-1 NS398 group after treated for 24h, and the level of apoptosis
was increasde significantly 72 hafter treatment. The
inhibitory rates of proliferation had a concentration-and timedependant trend in varioue groups. Conclusion the NS-398
can repress the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and induce
apoptosis; The process is time-and dose-dependant.˄Project
supported by Heilongjiang Province Department of
Education No.11551509˅
Effect of taurine on the neural cell apoptosis
induced by retinoic acid
Yongzhen Ma
Shandong Medical College, Linyi,China 276000
Retinoic acid(RA) is a metabolite of Vitamin A. Our previous
studies had shown that over-dose retinoic acid could lead to
neural tube defects(NTDs), and the reason was associated
with retinoic acid causing excessive apoptosis of nerve cells.
Recently, our nerve cell culture with retinoic acid study
revealed that RA could significantly inhibited nerve cell
proliferation ( ˬ ˘ 0.05), and lowed the Bcl-2 protein
expression in the nerve cells, enhanced the expression of Bax
and Caspase-3 protein (ˬ˘0.05). Some studies confirmed
that taurine played an important role for development and
survival of nerve cells,and taurine had protective effect on
damaged nerve cells. This study confirmed that the different
concentration of taurine on RA damage of nerve cells had
obvious protective effect, with the increase of concentration,
increased cell proliferation ability. Taurine could make
abnormal expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase 3 protein
nerve cells was rebuilt. We concluded that taurine for the
protection of nerve cell apoptosis induced by RA are closely
related with the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3.
B3610
Introduction of a rapid paraffin embedding
procedure for delicate tissue specimens with
tetrahydrofuran
Wenjie Bi1, Xiang Zheng2
1
B3599
Myosarcoma animal modeling and expression of
vascular endothelial growth factor
Lijie Yao1 , Hongwang Qiao2, Lei Shen
1
Department of Anatomy;2.Second Affiliated
Hospital,QiqiHar Medical University,China,161006
Tumor carneus is frequent malignant tumor clinically.the
major route of tumor cell transfer pass lymph vessel and
blood vessel in tela.Getting Sanitation Kunming mouse with
the S-180 cancerous ascites,S-180 sarcoma cell lines in
vitro,cells in culture after the bottle is full of single-layer to
collect cells,made of cell suspension.Use of stable 4-5
cell,planted in hip muscle of mice at the same parts,build
myosarcoma animal modeling in situ cultivation
models,observing the growth of tumors.Mice were put to
death in the different time after 1 week.Cut the tumors and
detect volume and weight of tumors.Open chest and abdomen
to observe condition of neoplasm metastasis and the realation
of tumor vessel and the growth of lymphatic and tumor
metastatic.Get the tissue of tumor for embedding and
slicing.Use the method of immunohistochemisty and Western
blot,detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth
factor.
B3600
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Department of Anatomy, Chengdu Medical Colledge,
Chengdu 610500; 2 Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, West
China School of Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan University,
Chendu China 610041
The traditional paraffin embedding for delicate tissue
specimens of animal follows the ethanol-chloroform
procedure. This procedure is time-consuming, and specimens
inevitably shrink in absolute alcohol and chloroform. We
tested some other dehydrating agents and found that
tetrahydrofuran is the best one as a single agent for both
dehydration and clearing. Specimens were fixed in neutralbuffered formalin or alcoholic fixatives, then transferred to
70% ethanol. 1 or 2 h later, specimens were moved to the
mixed liquor of 70% ethanol – tetrahydrofuran 1:1 (v/v) for 1
h. The primary tissue block should be carefully trimmed after
this step, and thoroughly dehydrated in 3 changes of pure
tetrahydrofuran, each for 1 h. The following embedding
process is the same as the traditional method. Tissue
processed follow the tetrahydrofuran procedure can utmostly
avoid shrinkage or other artifacts, and is fine for making
section. In addition, the entire procedure costs only 8 h for a
standard block with thickness of 5 mm.
B3629
Expression and significance of PCNA and Caspase3 in pancreatic islet cell of mice with spontaneous
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
71
Xudong Zhang1, Lei Zhang2
1
Department of histology and embryology, 1changzhi medical
college, changzhi 046000; 2 hebei medical university,
Shijiazhuang 050017 china
Animals were C57bl/Ksj-db/+m mutant diabetic mice
imported from Japan. The pure zygote offspring that is db/db
mouse displays obesity and high blood glucose beyond
10mmol/L. The test group (DM group) selected 3,5,8,10 and
12 month-old db/db mice. The age-matched db/+m mice
were as the control group. The tails of pancreas were excised
at 3,5,8,10 and 12 months , and PCNA and Caspase-3 were
semi-quantitatively
analyzed
by
using
SP
immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the
positive rate of Caspase-3 took the significant increasing
tendency as the disease progressed in DW group˄p<0.05),
and was significantly higher in each age phase of DM group
than that in the control group ˄ p<0.05), and a series of
related research suggested that major apoptotic cells were B
cells in insular cells of db/db mice too; The positive rate of
PCNA took no changes in DM groups and the control groups
(P˚0.05). These results suggest that insular B cells in db/db
mice were varying as the disease progressed. B cell apoptosis
increasing and quantities decreasing played an important role
in causing T2DM.
B3688
Influence of chemotherapy on iumbar disc tissue
and expression of fasl and fas
Lu Yue
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College
of Dalian University, Dalian China, 116622
The data of lumbar disc tissue injury induced by
chemotherapy is quite scarce. In this experiment, the lumbar
disc tissue injury model was established on rats through
imitating clinical chemotherapy. Then we observed whether
chemotherapy of cisplatin and cyclophosphamidum(Cy)
would deteriorate the injury on rats’ lumbar disc tissue.
Determines the expressions of fasl and fas through
immunohistochemistry, thus discuss the influence of
chemotherapy sequence on lumbar disc tissue injury, and
provide theoretical basis for the clinical diagnose. The result
showed that the normal group has no marked positive
expression of fasl and fas protein, Compared to normal group,
the lumbar disc tissue in experimental groups had various
changes and there was significant difference in statistics. It
proved that chemotherapy truly have side effect and toxic
effect on lumbar disc tissue.
gene was cloned and induced to its Prokaryotic expression,
then the collected proteins were purified and analyzed.
GAGE-1 segment was amplified and cloned into pGEX-6p-1
to construct the expression plasmid pGEX-6p-1-GAGE-1.
The recombinant vector was transformed to E.coli BL21 and
was expressed by IPTG. The sequence of 5 ‘terminal 251bp
GAGE-1 was amplified and identical with the published in
Gene- Bank.The BL21(DE3) containing the the PGEX-6p -1GAGE-1 expressed a Mr 35.7KD GST-GAGE-1 fusion
protein. The recombinant expression vector PGEX-6p-1GAGE-1 was constructed successfully, which laiding the
foundation for further in-depth study of GAGE protein.
B3710
The role of ginsenoside-Rg1 on the expression of the
P-glycoprotein in ischemia and reperfusion brain in
rats
Jie Li1, Li Yang2, zhixiong Li3, jianyun Yu 4, Zeyun
Guo *
Department of Anatomy and Histology (1,2), Department of
Forensics(3,4), Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500,
China.
*guozeyun1@163.com
To explore the effect of Ginsenoside-Rg1 on the expression
of the P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in ischemia and reperfusion brain
in rats. Focal cerebral ischemia of the SD rats was induced by
blocking middle cerebral artery for 90min using the
intraluminal filament technique following reperfusion 1d, 3d
and 7d. The change of P-gp and P-gp mRNA in ischemic
cerebral cortex and striatum capillary were analyzed by
immunohistochemistry, western-blot and real-time q-PCR
technique in. normal control group, ischemia group, sham
operation group, saline group and ginsenoside-Rg1 treatment
groups. The results showed the positive micro vessel density
of P-gp and the expression of mRNA in ischemic cortex and
corpus striatum were decreased significantly in ginsenosideRg1 treatment group than that in control group (P<0.01).
These findings suggest that Ginsenoside-Rg1 can downregulate the expression of P-gp in ischemia brain, which may
be as a promising inhibitor of P-gp and it provide data for
treatment of the stroke.
B3743
Alteration of apoptosis and Akt/mTOR signal
pathway in hippocampal neurons of rat with posttraumatic stress disorder
Zhuxin Sui, Haitao Wang.
Department of Histology and Embryolgy, School of Basic
Medical Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan
063000, China.
B3708
Recombinantion,Expression and Purification of
Cancer Testis Antigen GAGE-1
Feilan Zhao, Guozhen He, Rong Fan, Yanhui Cen,
Rongshi Huang.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangxi
University of Chinese medicine,Nanning 530001
In order to investigate the efficacy of clinical specific cancer
immnotherapy induced by cancer testis antigen, the GAGE-1
We divided sixty male adult SD rats into control group and
PTSD model group to observe the changes of apoptosis and
Akt/mTOR signal pathway in hippocampal neurons of rat
with post-straumatic stress disorder and investigate the
mechanism of PTSD. The PTSD animal model was
established by giving the rats single-prolonged stress
followed by a single inescapable electric foot shock (SPS&S).
The neuronal apoptosis of hiappocampus was detected by
flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of PTEN, p-Akt, and
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p-mTOR protein were carried out by Western blotting. The
results showed that the apoptotic cell rate in PTSD 1d, 4d, 7d
and 14d rats was higher than that in control rats (P<0.05); the
expression level of PTEN in PTSD 1d, 4d, 7d and 14drats
was higher, while the expression levels of p-Akt and pmTOR were lower, than those in control rats (P<0.05). Based
on these results, the Akt/mTOR signal pathway was activated
in hippocampal neurons of PTSD rats, which was involved in
neuronal apoptosis.
B3750
The protective effects of valproic acid on acute
spinal cord injury in rats
Xinzhi Li, Jianjun Chen
Department of Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Chengdu
Medical College, Chengdu, China
The present studyinvestigated whether valproic acid(VPA)
reduces spinal cord damage and improves functional
outcome in a acute spinal cord injury model in rats. Fortyfour adult rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham
operation group, the injury group and the VPA treated group.
The rats were killed at 6h, 24h, 48h, 72h after injury. The
BBB score was significantly higher in the VPA treated group
than in the injury group at 48h, 72h. The TUNEL- positive
cells and the expression of HSP70 were both seen in the
injury group and the VPA treated group. Compared with the
injury group, the TUNEL-positive cells were significantly
decreased while the expression of HSP70 were significantly
elevated in the VPA treated group at 6h, 24h,48h, 72h after
SCI. Altogether, our results demonstrate that VPA is
neuroprotective in the acute spinal cord injury model and
suggest that the protection mechanisms may involve
apoptosis inhibition and HSP induction.
B3759
Bmi1 plays a critical role in preventing bone aging
by inhibiting oxidative stress
Qian Wang1, Rong Wang1, Jianliang Jin1, David
Goltzman2, and Dengshun Miao1
1
The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing
Medical University, China; 2Department of Medicine, McGill
University, Canada
This study we examined whether the premature osteoporosis
caused by Bmi1 deficiency was associated with oxidative
stress-induced bone aging. We treated Bmi1-/- mice with the
antioxidant N-acetylcysteine , and compared their phenotype
with the untreated Bmi1-/- and WT mice. NAC
supplementation of Bmi1-/- mice resulted in a longer
lifespan ,increased body weight , BMD, cortical and
trabecular bone volume, osteoblast numbers, ALP and type I
collagen positive areas , MAR, total antioxidant capacity,
glutathione concentration, and SOD level, whereas a reduced
number of bone marrow adipocytes, the percentages of 8hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine positive or ȕ-galactosidase
positive osteocytes , the protein expression levels of PPARȖ,
Ȗ-H2AX and p16INK4a, H2O2 concentration and MDA content .
Simultaneously, ROS levels were reduced, whereas the gene
expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated
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in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ex vivo cultures from
NAC-treated Bmi1-/- mice. These studies therefore indicate
that Bmi1 plays a critical role in preventing bone aging by
inhibiting oxidative stress.
B3760
IL-13a1receptor in hodgkin lymphoma and its
significance
Xionglin Chen, Xiaoming Cao
Jiujiang University,Jiangxi 332000,China
To investigate interleukin-13a1 receptor (IL-13Ra1) in
Hodgkin
lymphoma
and
its
significance.
Immunohistochemistry SP (streptavidin-perosidase) method
detected IL-13Ra1 Hodgkin's lymphoma in 24 cases and 15
cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma expression. There
was the absence of IL-13Ra1 expression in 15 cases of
anaplastic large cell lymphoma, where 24 cases of Hodgkin's
lymphoma, 20 cases (positive rate 83.3%) the expression of
IL-13Ra1 existed, significant difference between them (P
<0.05). Hodgkin's lymphoma in the presence of high
expression of IL-13Ra1, and IL-13Ra1 may be used as
Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the
basis for the differential diagnosis.
B3785
Calcitonin gene-related peptide prevents bloodbrain barrier injury and brain edema induced by
focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion
Zhen Liu1, Guixiang Liu2, Zhenzhong Li1
1
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of Histology
and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, 256603,
China.
*zli@sdu.edu.cn
Cerebral ischemia is one of the diseases that most
compromise the human species. Therapeutic recovery of
blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption represents a novel
promising approach to reduce brain injury after stroke. To
determine the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide
(CGRP) on the BBB participate in stroke progression,
transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) cerebral
ischemia reperfusion injury rat model was used to evlauate
the effects of CGRP on BBB improvement. The result
showed that CGRP could reduce arterial blood pressure,
infarct volume, cerebral edema, BBB permeability, AQP4
mRNA expression and AQP4 protein expression.
Furthermore, CGRP treatment improved ultrastructural
damage of capillary endothelium cells and decreased the loss
of the tight junction observed by transmission electronic
microscopy after reperfusion. Our findings showed that
CGRP significantly reduced postischemic increase of brain
edema with a 2-hour therapeutic window in the transient
model of focal cerebral ischemia. Moreover, it seems that at
least part of the anti-edematous effects of CGRP is due to
decrease of BBB disruption by improving ultrastructural
damage of capillary endothelium cells, enhancing basal
membrane, and inhibiting AQP4 over-expression. The data of
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
73
the present study provide a new possible approach for acute
stroke therapy by administration of CGRP.
Identification of small ligands recognizing NEP 1-35
by screening phage display libraries to neutralize
CNS myelin inhibition
B3809
Qiyue Deng, Shurong Li, Bingyin Su*
Expression of cancer testis antigen CT37 protein in
hepatic carcinoma tissues and cell lines
Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province,
Chengdu Medical College, China; *Corresponding author.
Rong Fan1, Wei Huang1, Bin Luo2, Qingmei Zhang1,
Fang Chen2, Chengxiao Chen2, Shaowen Xiao2,
Xiaoxun Xie2
1
Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Chinese Medicine University,
Nanning 530001;2 Department of Histology & Embryology,
School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,
China.
Protein expression level of CT37 was analyzed by
immunohistochemistry in the normal hepatic cell line
HL7702, four HC cell lines (QGY7701, SMMC7721,
Bel7404 and HepG2), a normal hepatic tissue and 30 cases of
HC tissues. CT37 protein expression was found in the HC
cell line QGY7701 and 26.67% (8/30) of HC tissues, but
absent in other HC cell lines, the normal hepatic cell line
HL7702 as well as the normal normal hepatic tissue. Some of
HC tissues presented stronger immunostaining intensity and
majority showed the heterogeneity of protein distribution.
There was no statistically significant correlation found
between CT37 expression and any other clinicopathological
traits such as sex, age, tumor size and pathological grade.
This finding suggests that CT37 might be an attractive target
for immunotherapy for HC.
To investigate whether blocking the two regions with specific
small ligands could neutralize the inhibition of Nogo-66, two
phage display peptide libraries were applied to screen small
peptides that might bind the two regions with high affinity.
NEP1-35 containing 1-33 residues of Nogo-66 was taken as
the target for panning. Phage-borne peptides with stronger
affinity to NEP1-35 contained a relatively conserved motif,
RRXXXXXXXRRX. Afterwards one identified peptide,
NH2-RRQTLSHQMRRP-COOH was synthesized and tested
in neurite outgrowth assay, in which this small molecule
showed moderate ability to neutralize CNS myelin inhibition.
Our results demonstrated that short peptides could act as
adaptors to Nogo-66 and neutralize CNS myelin inhibition in
vitro. Additionally, the results also suggested that phage
display could help to discover novel small molecules with
high affinity to CNS regrowth inhibitors, which might
promote CNS regeneration with fewer side effects. This work
was supported by NSFC (NO: 31371215; 81241019)
B3819
Small Nogo-66-binding peptide promotes neurite
outgrowth through RhoA inhibition after spinal
cord injury
Qiyue Deng, Shurong Li, Bingyin Su*
B3817
The prevention of DA neuron degeneration induced
by colchicine viaTLR3-TRIF signaling pathway
Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province,
Chengdu Medical College, China; *Corresponding author.
Hongli Zhou, Sen Lin, Minghui Shan, Shurong Li*,
Bingyin Su*
Nogo-A is a myelin inhibitor in the mammalian central
nervous system (CNS). To investigate the effects of two
small peptides on Nogo-66/NgR signalling pathway, we
investigated RhoA mRNA levels in a neurite outgrowth assay
and tested the two peptides in a rat spinal cord hemi-section
injury (SCI) model. PepIV was a selected Nogo-66 binding
peptide and PepII was taken as a potential NgR
antagonist. Our results showed that PepIV and PepII
decrease the mRNA levels of RhoA and partially neutralize
CNS myelin inhibition to cultured cerebellar granule cells
(CGCs). Treatment with both peptides was propitious to
maintaining residual axons after SCI. Enhanced neurite
outgrowth might reflect a decrease in RhoA expression.
PepIV induced lower RhoA mRNA level, which indicated
PepIV could block Nogo-66/NgR signalling and then
contribute to neuronal survival and axonal regrowth.
Furthermore, PepIVmight cover some unknown active site,
which could be potential targets for improving regeneration
after injury. This work was supported by NSFC (NO:
31371215; 81241019)
Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province,
Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, PR China
It was found that the Trif deficiency aggravated DA and
DOPAC release in striatum in a colchicine injection model,
however, no significant difference was found in SNc between
WT and Trif-/- groups. It was also found that the TH staining
was more positive in WT group than that in Trif-/- group,
however no significant difference was found in SNc region,
which were in accordant with the results found in HPLC
experiments. The results above indicated that the TRIF
adaptor which is the sole downstream adaptor of TLR3, may
play protective role in a DA neuron and/or neural microenvironment. It was found that TLR3 antagonist poly I:C
rescued the TH staining, which was more positive than
control group as well as the experiment performed in a
MN9D in vitro, which is a DA like neuron. In sum, the
present results preliminarily demonstrated the protection of
TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway, in vivo and in vitro. This
work was supported by NSFC (NO:31371215; 81241019)
B3818
B3821
Osteoinduction of calcium phosphate bioceramics in
rabbits by histology
Lijia Cheng, Peiling Cai
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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74
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Medical and Nursing School, Chengdu University, Chengdu,
People’s Republic of China, 610106
There were few reports about blood circulation and
osteogenic factors can promote bone-formation of Calcium
Phosphate (Ca-P) bioceramics in rabbits. Forty rabbits are
prepared, with the animals under general intraperitoneal
anesthesia, six Ca-P ceramic rods were implanted into back
muscles of rabbits, respectively. Every ten rabbits were
sacrificed on months 3, 6, 9, 12 after implantation, the
ceramics, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney were harvested
and
were
analyzed
by
macroscopy,
histology,
histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, PCR, western
blot, image analysis and statistical analyses.Three months
after operation, new bone tissue appeared, and massive new
bone and marrow tissues were observed after 12 months. The
ceramics have almost been replaced by the new bone tissues
at 12 months, and there were no tumors and other
complications in the organs and tissues after such a long time.
We found the osteoinduction phenomenon in rabbits under
the effects of blood circulation and ostogenic factors, which
has great significance for application of Ca-P bioceramics.
B3852
Effect of honokiol on acute liver injury of mice
induced by carbon tetrachloride
Xichao Xia1, Guosheng Huang2, Changhai Liu2, Gaixia
Gui1, Jiang Xiao1ˈLei Wang 2, Rongzhi Liu1*
1
Basic medical department, Nanyang Medical College,
Nanyang 473061, China; 2Clinical laboratory, the first
affiliated hospital, Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang
473058, China
The
honokiol,
the
predominant
compound
of
Magnoliaofficinalis Rehderet Wilson, has a potential role in
developing a new medicine. By using an animal model of
acute liver injury of mice induced by carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4), we investigate the effects of honokiol on acute liver
injury in the current study. Histopathological examination of
liver sections of normal animals showed normal cellular
architecture with distinct hepatic cells. The liver sections of
the rats of CCl4 control group showed disarrangement of
normal hepatic cell with high degree damage characterized
by the centrilobular necrosis, focal necrosis and bile duct
proliferation. The sections of rats treated with different
concentrations of honokiol exhibited less centrilobular
necrosis and bile duct proliferation compared with that of
CCl4 control group. Dose dependent results were observed
and high dose showed better activity. The studies suggest that
honokiol has a protecting-role on liver injury CCl4 induced in
mice.
B3879
Effect of weak magnetic stimulation on the
expression of Fos protein in spinal cord neurons of
the pigeon
Yuan Shi1, Xiyun Cui2, Fangming Wei2, Fei Jia2,
Shanshan Liu2,
1
Department of Biology ,Qilu Normal Universityˈ
Jinan250013ˈChina 2College of Life Science, Shandong
Normal University ,Jinan250014, China
We studied the effect of weak magnetic stimulation on the
expression of Fos protein in neurons of pigeon chest spinal
cord . The ordinary pigeons were divided into four groups
randomly, there were arms and legs of animal bounded group,
bounded and the chest stimulated by the magnetic group,
bounded and the tail stimulated by the magnetic group, and as
control (free activity, untreated magnetic) group respectivly(4
pigeons/ group). Part stimulated of animal were sustained for
1 hour in 0.41Gs magnetic agglomeration areas of outside a
steady magnetic field. Pigeons were sacrificed by
intraperitoneal injection of overdose anesthetics . Fos protein
-Immunohistochemical Reaction(Fos-IR)results show the
numbers of Fos-IR positive neurons(FPN) in the chest spinal
cord,there the group of receive magnetic stimulation is much
more than the group stimulated without the magnetic. The
number of FPN in the spinal cord, intermediate zone and
posterior horn is more than the anterior horn. The results
show that weak magnetic stimulation can induce Fos protein
expression enhanced in the spinal cord neurons of pigeon.It
suggests that weak magnetic stimulation can induce the
neuron activities increase.Acknowledgement: This work was
supported by grant (31101643) from the National Natural
Science Foundation of China.
B3881
Effect of the magnetic stimulation from permanent
magnet on the expression of Fos protein in spinal
cord neurons of the pigeon
Ning Li1, Yuan Shi2, Xiyun Cui1
1
College of Life Science, Shandong Normal
University ,Jinan250014, China 2Department of
Biology ,Qilu Normal UniversityˈJinan250013ˈChina .
We studied the effect of magnetic stimulation from
permanent magnet on the expression of Fos protein in
neurons of pigeon chest spinal cord. The pigeons were
randomly divided into carried a bag of corn which weighed
6g on the back , carried the permanent magnet(which the
intensity of the applied magnetic field is 200mT,weigt 6g) on
the back and not receive any treatment group . Each group
has 4 pigeons.Then, all animals were survive for 1 h in the
waking
and
ambulatory
state.
Fos protein
–
Immunohistochemical Reaction(Fos-IR)results showed that
the number of Fos-IR positive neurons(FPN) in the chest
spinal cord of group that received magnetic stimulation was
significantly increased as compared to groups without
magnetic stimulation (p<0.05).The number of FPN in
posterior horn and intermediate zone is much more than that
of the anterior horn. The present results indicated that
magnetic stimulation from permanent magnet could induce
enhanced Fos protein expression in the neuron of pigeons
spinal cord. It suggested that magnetic stimulation from
permanent magnet can induce the neuron activities increase.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by grant
( 31101643) from the National Natural Science Foundation of
China.
B3957
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75
Expression and significance of HGF during
hepatocarcinogenesis in rats
B4057
Expression of TFEB and its downstream
autophagy-related gene Beclin1 in the hippocampus
of ALS transgenic mice
Li X.Y, Qu H.L, Wang D, Liu T.S, Bai X.Y
Department of Introduction to Basic Medicine, Binzhou
Medical College, 346 Guan Hai Road, Yantai, Shandong
264003, China
Linlin Jie, Yingjun Guan*, Yanchun Chen, Caixia
Zhang, Fenghua Zhou, Hongmei Du, Haoyun Zhang
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was reported to have
mitogenic, motogenic, morphogenic, and anti-apoptotic
activities in various cell types. The purpose of this study has
been to investigate the expression and significance of HGF
during hepatocarcinogenesis. Experimental hepatocellular
carcinomas were induced with the administration of
diethylnitrosamine in rats. The serum level of HGF was
detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Immunohistochemical staining method was used for
measuring the expressions of HGF in liver tissues in the
carcinogenic successive stages. We found that during the
carcinogenesis and development of hepatoma, the serum
HGF was increased when the hepatic lesion occured, and
decreased when hepatocytes were excessively proliferated or
cirrhotic, but increased again when the hepatic carcinoma
were formed. The HGF positive reaction was found in
cytoplasm of degenerative hepatocytes. The expression of
HGF in hepatocellular carcinoma was lower than those in
pericarcinomatour tissue, hyperplastic nodules and atypical
hyperplastic nodules. During over proliferation and cirrhosis,
weak expression of HGF was observed. Our results suggest
that HGF might be related to continuous proliferation and
malignant
transformation
of
hepatocytes
during
hepatocarcinogenesis.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical
College
Our aim was to examine the changes in expression of
transcription factor EB (TFEB) and its downstream
autophagy-related gene Beclin1 in the hippocampus of adult
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) transgenic mice. The
expression of TFEB and Beclin1 in the hippocampus at the
age of 95d, 108d and 122d were detected with RT-PCR,
western blotting and immunofluorescence labeling.
Compared with the wild-type mice, TFEB mRNA and protein
were increased at 95d, but decreased at 108d and 122d
(P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed a stong
immunoreactivity of TFEB at 95d, but weak at 108d and
122d compared with wild-type mice. The expression of
Beclin1 was similar to that of TFEB. The changes of
autophagy regulated by TFEB and Beclin1 which were
significantly in the hippocampus of ALS transgenic mice
may be associated with the pathogenesis of ALS.
B4084
Distribution of immune cells in rat intestine
Yanyan Ke, Linglong Chen
Xianmen Medical College, Xiamen361008;Fujian College of
Medical technolgy , Fuzhou 350101
B4002
Osmotic behavior of murine immature ovaries to
design vitrification protocols
Hongyan Wang, Huaiqing Han
The department of AnatomyˈNingxia Medical University,
Yinchuan,750004ˈ China
Suitable osmotic equilibrium time achieving optimal
dehydrant status is critical for successful vitrification freezing
to preserve the viability of specimen. This study aimed to
investigate the osmotic behavior to design vitrification
protocols. Eight ovaries respectively obtained from 10-dayold mice and newborn rats were all immersed in EG5.5/30
solution. Photographs of the ovaries were taken to calculate
their surface areas at different exposure time. Follicular
viability was assessed after vitrification. Onset of estrous
cycle was observed by allotransplanting under the kidney
capsule of ovariectomized female recipients. Then osmotic
shrinkage was continued in pre-equilibration medium for 15
minutes and until 26.7% of juvenile mouse ovarian
dehydration for 4 minutes and 23% of newborn rat ovarian
dehydration for 3 minutes in EG5.5/30 solution was shown.
Vitrified-warmed ovaries shown lower percentage of viable
follicles than that of fresh groups (P< 0.05). No signi¿cant
differences were found in rate of restore estrous cycle
between cryopserved and fresh allotransplanted groups. So
our permeability parameters would help to design the optimal
cell-type or species speci¿c vitrification protocols.
In order to investigate the rodent intestinal digestive function
and mucosal immune function, six adult rats were studied,
intestinal epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells, intestinal
mast cell distribution characteristics by means of histological
techniques. Results: larger lymphoid nodules were found in
the duodenum and colon, while many lamina propria
lymphocytes were scattered in other intestine. Intestinal
epithelial lymphocytes in the overall trend was decreasing,
while the jejunum was the most. The number of goblet cells
in the overall trend was increasing, but the jejunum was the
least. Mast cells were distributed in each segment of the
bowel with the cell shape and size various. Conclusion: The
type of guinea pig intestinal structure, the distribution of
immune cells and the number, provide morphological
evidences for physiology and diagnosis of intestinal diseases.
B4091
Distribution and developmental changes of orexin-A
in the duodenum of African ostrich
Kemei Peng, Chunyan Jin, Liu Hui, Huazhen Song,
Daiyun Zhu, Xinting Zheng
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
The African ostrich, Struthio camelus, is the largest flightless
bird native to Africa, the only living member of the genus
struthio, which is in the ratite family. Ostrich farming is very
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76
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important for production of feather, meat, skin and eggs. The
aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and
distribution of orexin-A in the duodenum of African ostrich
by immunohisto-chemistry.Orexin-A-positive cells was
identified in the duodenal epithelium and the intestinal glands,
while a large amount of positive particles were located in the
lamina propria, especially at 45d. In duodenum, the IOD of
orexin-A was changed with the age: from one-day-old to
adulthood, it was first increased and then decreased, and the
peak value appeared in 45 day-old. These results of the
present study demonstrate that the distribution of orexin-A
changes with the age in African ostrich duodenum from
postnatal one-day-old to adulthood; orexin-A may play a vital
role in duodenum development.
B4173
Roles of microRNA-433 and integrin Į4ȕ1 in
lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic metastasis, and
prognosis in colon cancer
Xiaohong Lv, Xiangchen Wang, Xuemei Li, Yafang
Zhang
Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,
China
We combined microRNA-433 and VEGF-C/VEGFR
pathway for exploring changes in pathway members and their
influence on lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathological
features.Expression of microRNA-433, integrin Į4ȕ1,
VEGF-C, and VEGFR-3 was evaluated by real-time qPCR,
western blot and immunohistochemistry in 147 colon cancer
patients who were followed up for 5 years.Compare to
normal colonic tissues, lymphatic vessel density was
significantly higher in colon cancer tissues. The expression of
microRNA-433 was negatively correlated with lymphatic
vessel count, Į4ȕ1 and VEGF-C expression. The expression
of Į4ȕ1 and VEGF-C was positively correlated with
lymphatic vessel count. Analysis using the Kaplan-Meier
method indicated that patients with Į4ȕ1-positive tumors had
significantly shorter overall survival and tumor-free survival
time than those with Į4ȕ1-negative tumors. Patients with
higher expression of microRNA-433 had significantly longer
overall survival and tumor-free survival time than those with
lower expression of microRNA-433.MicroRNA-433 and
integrin Į4ȕ1 are both involved in lymphangiogenesis and
lymphatic metastasis. The expression of microRNA-433 and
Į4ȕ1 may be useful indicators for prognostic evaluation in
colon cancer patients.
B4175
The changes in expression of Sox2 and Sox9 in the
spinal cord of ALS transgenic mice
Caixia Zhang, Yingjun Guan*, Yanchun Chen, Linlin
Jie, Fenghua Zhou
Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical
University
To observe the changes in expression of Sox2 and Sox9 in
the spinal cord of adult amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)
transgenic mice. The expression of Sox2 and Sox9 in the
spinal cord of ALS transgenic mice at the age of 95d, 108d
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and 122d were detected with immunohistochemistry
technique, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with
wild type mice, immunofluorescence results showed that
Sox2 and Sox9 positive cells were mainly distributed in the
gray matter and central canal of the spinal cord of ALS
transgenic mice. Compared with the wild-type mice, Sox2
mRNA and protein were increased at 95d,108d and 122d (P<
0.05). Sox9 mRNA and protein were decreased at 95dˈbut
increased at 108d and 122d (P< 0.05). The expression of
Sox2 and Sox9 were changed in the spinal cord of ALS
transgenic mice, which may be associated with pathogenesis
of ALS.
B4185
Expression of MTR1 in the human breast tissue and
its clinical significance
Rongke Di, Liping Chen, Jian Zeng, Miao Chen
School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medical, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
To determine the clinical significance of difference
expression of Melatonin Receptor 1(MTR1) in the normal
breast tissue and breast cancer. 140 samples were divided
into 2 groups normal breast and breast cancer, 70 cases for
each group. Deferent expression of MTR1 was examined in
two groups by western blot and SP immunohistochemical
staining. Integrated assessment of positive results of breast
cancer and normal breast were 4.26±1.82, 1.80±1.19 (t = 9.48,
P=0.00). The positive rate of expression of MTR1 was 81.4%
in the breast cancer and 64.3% in the normal breast(x2=5.20,
P=0.02). The detection results of western blot of MTR1were
accompanied SP with˄2.81±0.44˅in breast cancer wereand
˄1.11±0.15 ˅in normal breast˄t=11.56, P=0.00˅. The
MTR1 was expressed both in the tissues of breast cancer and
normal breast. The over expression of MTR1 receptor in the
tissue of breast cancer which can be used as one of the
molecular mark for diagnosis of breast cancer and potential
targets for breast cancer therapy.
B4196
Upregulation of HO-1 by EGB via the MAPKs
pathway in C2C12 myoblasts
Haiying Chu, Ying Zhang, Meiling Luo
Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical
University
Although Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) is known to possess
antioxidant functions and potent cytoprotective effects, its
protective mechanism on ethanol-induced oxidative damage
in C2C12 myoblasts remains unclear . In this study, we
investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of EGB against
alcohol-derived oxidative stress in mouse C2C12 myoblasts.
Challenge with alcohol (100mM) caused an increase in
intracellular reactive oxygen species in mouse C2C12
myoblasts, which was not alleviated by treatment with EGB.
These results indicate that EGb does not seem to act as an
ROS scavenger in this experimental model. Additionally,
EGb produced activation of ERK and JNK [two major
mitogen-activated
protein
kinases
(MAPKs)]
and
upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, a stress-responsive
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
77
protein with antioxidant function). Pretreatment with
inhibitors of MAPKs PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of ERK),
SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of JNK) abolished EGBinduced HO-1 up-regulation. We conclude that EGB confers
cytoprotective effects from oxidative stress induced by
alcohol in mouse C2C12 myoblasts depend on HO-1 by EGB
via the MAPKs pathway.
saturated fats could elevate cholesterol and affect BACE1
protein expression in lipid rafts and non-lipid rafts.
B4215
Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on gaseous
transmitter of hepatic fibrosis rat
Yan Shi, Tongshen Liu, Yanna Li, Xianyong Bai
B4197
Effects of captopril on blood-brain barrier
permeability after photothrombotic cerebral
ischemia in rats
Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical
College, Yantai 264003,China
Haiying Chu, Yingna Wang
Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical
University
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common
disease. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril is
one of the antihypertensive drugs. To investigate effects of
captopril on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury , we
established a middle cerebral artery occlusion model by
intraluminal suture method. Blood-brain barrier(BBB)
permeability was evaluated by measuring the content of the
extravascular exudation of Evan's blue (EB). Activity of
MMP-9 and MMP-2 were assessed by gelatin zymography.
The results showed the contents of EB was the highest at the
first day and decreased with prolongation of drug
administration time, but a slight increase in the 7 to 9 days
after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. EB contents of brain
tissues followed the same trend as MMP-9 expression, but no
time correlation with the expression of MMP-2. These
findings demonstrate that after cerebral ischemia reperfusion
the blood-brain barrier permeability has a kind of time
correlation with the expression of MMP-9, which suggested
that captopril play a part in cerebral ischemia reperfusion
injury by blood-brain barrier damage via MMP-9 .
B4198
The effect of palmitic acid on expression of ȕsecretase in the cell of Neuro-2a/App695
Haiying Chu, Qiong Wu
Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical
University
To investigate the effect of palmitic acid on expression of ȕsecretase in the cell of Neuro-2a, we established a N2a-based
cell line stably expressing APP695 as a cell model.We found
that cholesterol concentration increased as the PA
concentration increased between 0 and 0.4 mmol/L. BACE1
expression level was gradually increased with the increase of
PA concentration, and 0.4 mmol/L PA concentration group
has reached maximum expression level. BACE1 protein
expression level was positively correlated with cholesterol
concentration within a certain scope. The identified results of
the dot blot indicated that lipid rafts in all groups were
distributed between 4 and 6 layers, and the rest were nonlipid rafts part. The results of BACE1 protein expression in
lipid rafts as a percentage of non-lipid rafts showed that the
percentage in PA group was significantly more than the
control group. However, the percentage in mȕCD group was
significantly less than the control group. We conclude that
This study was designed to investigate the anti-hepatic
fibrosis mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE)
against carbon tetrachloride(CCL4)-induced hepatic fibrosis
rat. And discuss if it can be realized through gaseous
transmitter. We observed changes of NO and H2S in serum of
hepatic fibrosis rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay
were used to test optical density value of iNOS and CSE in
serum of each group. And the expressions of iNOS and CSE
protein in the liver were also detected by
immunohistochemistry. Therefore, we found that compared
with the model group, the expression of NO and iNOS of
CAPE group obviously decreased and the level of H2S and
CSE was increased. These findings indicate that CAPE has
the effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis, which can be realized
through adjusting the expression level of gaseous transmitter
of iNOS and CSE.
B4249
PNAS4 knockout does not induce obviously
neurocytes apoptosis and abnormal development in
mice brain
Peiling Cai1, 2, Ting Wang1, Xiaoqiang Xia2, Fanghua
Li2, Yiyuan Cui2, Qiaona Yang2, Mina Chen2
1
School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University,
Chengdu, Sichuan; 2State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,
West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, Sichuan
Apoptosis is a kind of programmed cell death and contributes
to development of a variety of organs such as brain. PNAS4
has been reported as a novel apoptosis-related gene. Overexpression and knocking down of PNAS4 would cause
zebrafish and Xenopus lavis developmental abnormalities.
But its function and apoptotic mechanism in mammals are
still unknown. We established PNAS4 CKO (conditional
knock out) mice using recombineering method and prepared
its polyclonal antibodies which recognized both myc-PNAS4
over-expression protein and WT and CKO mice brain tissue
and MEFS cells with high titer and specificity. We further
detected that PNAS4 was highly expressed in the embryonic
period. However, we observed neither neural structural
abnormality nor apoptosis signal in PNAS4 CKO mice brain.
Data suggested that PNAS4 was not involved in mice brain
development and apoptosis.
B4263
Effects of total flavone of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on
the expression of c-fos and Bcl-2 in the brain of
focal cerebral ischemia rats
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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78
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Nana Cao, Rongfang Tan, Xiaoguang Wu, Mengmeng
Li, Tiange Zhang
Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the
TFHL on the focal cerebral ischemia rats. Male SD rats were
randomly divided into sham group, model group, TFHL
group and ginkgo-leaf group. Suture method was used to
prepare focal cerebral ischemia model. The expression of cfos
and
Bcl-2
was
measured
separately
by
immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Moreover.
spectrophotometry was used to detect content of Ca2+. TFHL
could significantly inhibit the expression of c-fos (p<0.01),
increase the expression of Bcl-2 (p<0.05), and decrease
content of Ca2+ (p<0.05). The protective effect of TFHL on
focal cerebral ischemia was associated with its inhibition of
neurons apoptosis. The mechanism of its anti-apoptosis might
be associated with up-regulating expression of Bcl-2, downregulating expression of c-fos and the reduction of Ca2+
content in brain.
B4296
Mechanism and effect of down-regulation of
thioredoxin on neuro 2a cells apoptosis induced by
advanced glycation end products
Xiang Ren, Hui Qi, Haiying Ma, Heyuan Lu, Li Kong*
Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian
116044, Liaoning Province, China
Thioredoxin (Trx), a 12kDa protein, has different forms
depending on the different environment and plays an
important role in anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis and regulating
transcription factors. Advanced glycation end products
(AGEs) as a heterogeneous group of irreversible adducts
from glucose–protein condensation reactions are considered
crucial
to
diabetic
nephropathy,
retinopathy,
neurodegeneration and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study
was to investigate the effect and mechanism of downregulation of thioredoxin on Neuro 2a cells apoptosis induced
by AGEs. RNAi method and inhibitor of Trx are used in the
study. The Neuro 2a cells were cultured in vitro and treated
with different conditions. The apoptosis of Neuro 2a cells
was detected by DNA-Ladder and Flow cytometry. The
proliferation of Neuro 2a cells was detected by CCK8.The
mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by Rho 123.
The ROS was detected by DCFH-DA. The expression of
protein and gene were detected by Western blot and real-time
PCR. The caspase3 activity was detected by micro-plate
reader. We found down-regulation of thioredoxin accelerate
the apoptosis process of Neuro 2a cells induced by AGEs.
The underlying mechanism may be considered that downregulation of thioredoxin stimulate up-regulating the
expression of ASK1, p-JNK, PTEN ˈ Txnip, and downregulating the expression of p-Akt, increasing ROS level and
caspase3 activity.
B4302
Distribution of the ȕ-Endorphin Immunoreactive
Cells in Gstric Carcinoma Tissues
Mingguan Song, Junxu Ren, Yang Lv
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Basic Medical College of Hebei North University,
Zhangjiakou 075000, P.R.China
ȕ-Endorphin(ȕ-EP) is one of important bioactive
substances,which extensively regulates body functions.The
purpose of this paper to explore the distribution of the ȕ-EP
in gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemical assay in tissue
from 48 cases patients with gastric carcinoma,32 cases of
gastric ulcer,12 cases of normal gastric mucosa as control
group.Antral mucosa from surgically removed were fixed by
4% paraformaldehyde solution,embedded in paraffin as usual
and sectioned at 6ȝm in thickness,serial section were stained
with immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization.The
Grey and Area of the cells were measured with image
analysis system,and then counting the Gray Density (R,
R=G/A). The result from each group were compares with ttest statistical analysis.The results showed that adult antral
mucosa contained ȕ-EP.Specific immunoreaction cells were
discovered to be mainly located in the midzone of the antral
mucosa.The R of the gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer
group were higher than that of normal gastric mucosaˈthere
were
statistical
difference
between
the
three
groups(p<0.01,0.05 respectively).It indicates that the amount
of ȕ–EP in ȕ–EP positive cells decreased.Our previous
demonstration by RIA found that a increase immunoreactive
ȕ–EP in antral mucosa of patients with duodenal ulcer and
gastric ulcer gastric carcinoma,so we think that the ȕ–EP
positive cells in the gastrointestinal may participated in the
regulatory function during self-healing of gastric mucosa.By
increasing the section of ȕ–EP,it can inhibit the section of
gastric endocrine cell and suggest that ȕ-EP may be involed
in the healing process of gastric mucosa.
B4333
Ultrastructure of dendritic cells pulsed by
lipopolysaccharide combined with tumor lysated
cells
Xia Wei, Chengying Fu
Department of Histology and Embryology in China Three
Gorges University, Hubei, 443003ˈChina
The ultrastructure and light microstructure of mature dentritic
cells (DCs) were observed. DCs were pulsed by LPS only or
combined with tumor lysate cells. Dendritic cells and their
progenitors from murine bone-marrow were collected
according to common method and induced in vitro by both
rmGM -CSF and rmIL -4 for 6 days. Then stimulated them
by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and freeze-lysated colon cancer
CT26 cell only or together, but control group without any
stimulation. Continue cultured CT26 cell 24 hours, ,after
observed by light microscope, then collected DCs, centrifuge,
making ultra thin section by conventional method. Observe
by transmission electron microscopy. We found DCs in
experimental group (namely mature DCs) appeared abundant
secondary lysosome, pinosome and multivescular body that
were formed by secondary lysosome confluenced one another
and some of them were near to the cell membrane comparing
with. Immature DCs (blank group). LPS combined with
freeze-lysated CT26 cell line antigen could induced DCs to
be matured both in microstructure and ultrastructure.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
79
Effects of BNIP3 in cell death of pre-myelinating
oligodendrocyte after hypoxia and stroke in rats
T2DM. The apoptosis of photoreceptor cells may be related
to the down-regulation of p-Erk1/2/Nrf2/Trx pathway and
subsequently activating downstream ASK1.The expression of
these proteins can be rectified by Liraglutide.
Ruirui Li, Hao Zeng, Junhui Li, Shuo Wang, Hao Ji,
Lan Xiao, Chengren Li
B4386
B4376
Expression pattern of PRRC2B protein in
developing rat brains
Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military
Medical University, Chongqing, China, 400038
Yunlai Liu, Lei Xiao, Jungen Li
Beside neurons, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes (preOLs)
have been shown to be vulnerable to excitoxic, oxidative and
inflammatory forms of injury caused by hypoxic or ischemic
events, whereas the underlying mechanism is still unclear.
Our previous study demonstrated that BINP3 induced a
caspase-independent neuronal cell death in stroke. In this
study, we investigated the role of BNIP3 in cell death of
preOLs induced by hypoxia or ischemia. Using oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) in primary OPCs culture, we
found that OPCs exposure in OGD results in cell death
accompanied by a time-dependant up-regulation of BNIP3.
Meanwhile, we also observed a significant increase in BNIP3
expression in white matter of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat
model and adult MCAO mouse model. Furthermore, BNIP3
knockout mice exhibited less dead preOLs in whiter matter
after ischemia-reperfusion damage. The results demonstrate
an unique role of BNIP3 in mediating preOLs cell death
induced by hypoxia or ischemia, and also provide a new
insight into the way of manipulating oligodendroglia
protection.
B4379
The protective mechanism of liraglutide on the
retinal photoreceptor cells of the type 2 diabetic
mice
Chen Li, Zhizhou Wang, Yunpeng Ji, Yuzhen Fu,
Chenghong Zhang, Li Kong*
Department of Histology & Embryology, Third Military
Medical University 400038
The prrc2b gene is conservative in the genomes of most
vertebrates whose function and expression pattern remains
unknown. This study describes the spatio-temporal
expression patterns of the PRRC2B protein in the rat brain
with a view to inferring its function. The expression of
PRRC2B protein were determined at embryonic day 18 (E18),
postnatal day 1 (P1), postnatal day 7 (P7), postnatal day 15
(P15) and adulthood rats by Western blotting and
immunohistochemical staining. Results showed that the
PRRC2B was located in the plasma and neurites of neurons
with big size. The PRRC2B positive neurons widely
distributed in most brain regions, including olfactory bulb,
cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, thalamus etc.
At P1 and P7 the protein highly expressed in the neuronic
prominences and branches; while at P15 and adulthood, it
only weakly expressed in the plasma. Above findings
comprehensively revealed the expression pattern of PRRC2B
protein in the whole rat brain at various stages for the first
time, which should benefit to explore its function.
B4401
Localization and involvement of RANTES in
regulating luminal acidication in rat epididymis
Z. Li, X. Feng, P Cheng, J. Zhao
Basic Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian
116023, Liaoning Province, China
Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is one of the major complications
of diabetes. Liraglutide is recognized as a new medicine for
type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Our study aimed to
investigate the pathogenesis of DR and the protective
mechanism of Liraglutide in type 2 diabetic mice model
induced by high-fat diet with streptozotocin(STZ). Male
BABL/c mice were randomly divided into control and
Diabetes-induced groups (T2DM models) which were
simultaneously composed of T2DM and T2DM treated with
Liraglutide(0.6mg/kg, 1.2mg/kg, and 1.8mg/kg respectively
for 10 days). At every 5 days after STZ injection, eyeballs of
each mouse were separately performed to hematoxylineosin(HE) stain for Out Nuclear Layer(ONL) counts and
retinal preparation for vessel observation. And relative gene
and protein expression were assessed by real-time PCR,
western blot and immunochemistry. The results indicated that
ONL counts of T2DM at the 15th day after STZ injection
began to reduce and generally degrade while retinal blood
vessels remained normal throughout the experiment.
Expression of Trx, p-Erk1/2, Nrf2 were down-regulated and
ASK1 was up-regulated in T2DM mice while the
corresponding proteins in T2DM treated with Liraglutide
were reversed. These data suggested that neurodegeneration
of retina occurred earlier than retinal vascular disease in
The Fourth Military Medical University, Department of
Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, 710032 Xi’an,
China, 169 Changle West Road
Concerted interactions between different cell types take place
in the epididymis for the fine control of an optimum
environment that is critical for sperm maturation and storage.
Basal cells sense the ANG II and secrete NO, which diffuses
out to stimulate proton secretion in clear cells. To explore the
potential role of RANTES in regulating the activity of basal
cell, this study first examined the expression of RANTES and
its receptors in rat epididymis, and then established rat
vasectomy to alter the luminal PH in the epididymis. RIA
was used to measure the tissue homogenate ANG II
concentration. Real time-PCR and western blot were used to
detect the expression levels of AGTR2, RANTES, CCR1,
CCR5 and iNOs in rat epididymis. The results showed that
RANTES co-localized with its receptor CCR1 and CCR5 in
the basal cells of rat epididymis. The concentration of the
ANG II was significantly reduced following vasectomy. The
expression levels of AGTR2, RANTES, CCR1, CCR5 and
iNOs were also significantly reduced in rat epididymis
following vasectomy. Our data suggest that activation of
AGTR2 in basal cells by luminal ANG II may stimulate
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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80
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
RANTES to induce the production of NO, which increases
proton secretion by adjacent clear cells.
B4406
The preparation of RGD-modified poly (İcaprolactone)/poly (trimethylene-carbonate)
electrospun scaffolds
Tao Jiang, Guoquan Zhang, Hui Li
College of clinical medical, Logistics University of Chinese
People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin China
The biodegradable poly (İ-caprolactone)/poly (trimethylenecarbonate)has received considerable attention for tissue
engineering. The major limitation of PCL/PTMC electrospun
scaffold, however, is that it does not provide a desired
environment for cell adhesion due to the lack of biological
recognition sites and its intrinsic hydrophobicity. For the
modification of PCL/PTMC electrospun scaffold, a
aminolysis procedure was followed by immersed into a 10%
w/v solution of 1,6-hexanediamine. The distribution of the
created amine groups in the scaffold was detected by the
ninhydrin staining. For conjugation of RGDC peptides to the
surface of aminated scaffold, 500 mL (4 mg/mL) of the sulfoSMCC solution was pipetted onto aminated scaffolds and
incubated for 1 h at room temperature. 500 mL ˄ 0.125
mg/mL˅of the RGDC peptide solution was applied onto the
sulfo-SMCC-treated scaffolds and incubated overnight at 4°C.
The scaffolds was measured by amino acid analysis using
HPLC. The results demonstrated that RGDC peptide was
successfully immobilized on the surface of PCL scaffold and
could improves the final cell–biomaterial interaction.
B4414
B4418
Primary study of MicroRNA controlling
arteriogenesis induced by elevated fluid shear stress
in rat hind limb
Yinglu Guan1, Xiaoqiong Wu2, Ying Zhang1, Xieling
He1, Lihua Liu1, Weijun Cai1
1
Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic
Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,
China, 2Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of
Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,
China
Fluid shear stress (FSS) is the main physical force as primary
stimuli for arteriogenesis. However the underlying
mechanism remains unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) is small
noncoding RNA, acts as negative regulator. Using miRNA
microarray, we explored miRNA expression profile in
arteriogenesis by elevated FSS by an arteriovenous-shunt
between the distal stump of occluded femoral artery and vein
in rat hind limbs. We found 91 differential miRNAs (2-fold)
compared with the simply ligation of femoral artery. By
qPCR we verified several miRNAs whose functions are
unknown, for example miR-434-3p and miR-300-5p. We
identified 5 and 9 mRNAs with each miRNA target site
predicted by bioinformatic algorithms (TargetScan, miRanda
and miRDB), involve important signal pathways, such as
CYP26B1. It is highly expected that the outcome of this
project will add valuable information to our knowledge in
understanding of the role of increasing FSS in arteriogenesis.
sample Sample sample sample sample sample sample sample
sample Sample sample sample sample sample sample sample
B4456
The effect of CD68 positive cells and serum
interleukin-12 changes on type 1 diabetes mice
Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid
hydrogel composed of Bombyx mori fibroin and
poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)
Rongrong Li, Wenmei Liang, Pu Zhang
Ting Wang1,2, Linglei Zhang2, Xiaojia He2
Department of Histology an Embryology, Guiyang Medical
college, Guiyang 550004
In order to explore the morphology and function changes of
macrophage on type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice, we observed the
changes of CD68 positive cells in islets and serum
interleukin-12 (IL-12) on T1D mice. We established diabetes
model in C57BL/6J mice by low-dose streptozotocin
injection. Serum and pancreas tails removed on the 3, 7, 10,
14, 21 and 28days. Tissues were assessed by immunohistochemical SABC and ELISA. CD68 expresses on most of
the membrane of macrophages. The number and area of islets
on T1D mice decreased, but numerical density on area (NA)
of CD68 positive cells increased on peak at the 3th day and
21th day. IL-12 in serum increased since the 7th day, then
maintained at a high level during the study. These results
showed that CD68 positive cells migrated to islets at early
and later stage. The increasing tendency of CD68 positive
cells and IL-12 on T1D mice were not correspond, still
suggesting that activated macrophages around the body
produced inflammatory cytokines, like IL-12 to promote
diabetes.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
1
School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University,
Chengdu, China; 2Institute of Ecology and Environment,
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River
Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
A novel hybrid hydrogel was prepared and investigated based
on silkworm silk fibroin and poly N-isopropylacrylamide
(PNIPAAm). PNIPAAm was introduced to silk fibroin and
resultant composite hydrogel was examined, and freeze-dried
SF/PNIPAAm scaffold were analyzed using LB-550 dynamic
light scattering particle-size analysizer, Circular dichroism
(CD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results
suggested that the hybrid hydrogels owned the porous
sponge-like structures, and gelation time of SF/PNIPAAm
hybrids decreased with increase in temperature and
concentration of each polymer. Results of rheological
analysis suggested that the rehological property of resultant
SF/PNIPAAm gel depended on the concentration
combinations as well as the aging time, which elapsed after
mixing of the two polymers. Results of CD spectra
demonstrated that pH showed little influence to the secondary
structure of silk fibroin, and significant changes of G’, G’’,
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
81
and G* as surrounding increase temperature above the lower
critical solution temperature (LCST).
B4457
B4483
Roles and significances of dendritic cells in the
occurrence and development of colorectal cancer
Molecular mechanisms of RADA16-1 peptide on
fast stop bleeding in rat models
Jingbo Wei, Hui Xie Liu, Hu Zhao, Yine Qu
Ting Wang, Peiling Cai
Department of Histology and Embryology Hebei United
University, Office of Hebei United University, Chengde
Cancer Hospital, China
School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University,
Chengdu, China
Ionic self-assembly of the peptide RADARADARADAR
ADA (RADA16-1) may form a well-defined nanofiber and
eventually a hydrogel scaffold, with a water content of over
99.5%. This leads to the establishment of a nanofiber barrier
that can be used to achieve complete hemostasis in less than
20s in multiple tissues and in a variety of different wounds.
In the present study, the nanofiber scaffolds of RADA16-1
peptide were sonicated into smaller fragments to identify
possible molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid
cessation of bleeding associated with these materials. Atomic
force microscopy (AFM), circular dichroism (CD), and
rheometry were also used to evaluate the re-assembly kinetics
of this peptide. A bleeding control experiment was performed
in animal models to uncover the molecular mechanisms
underlying this fast hemostasis. In this way, these sonicated
fragments not only quickly reassembled into nanofibers
indistinguishable from the original material, but the degree of
reassembly was also correlated with an increase in the
rigidity of the scaffold and increased as the time required for
hemostasis increased.
To explore the roles and significances of dendritic cells (DCs)
in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer
(CRC). 20 cases of pathological diagnosised CRC and 22
adenoma specimens were chosen as experimental group,
other 20 cases of corresponding para-cancerous tissues were
chosen as control group. Immunohistochemical straining and
western blot were used to detect the positive expressions of
CD1a and CD83. The results of immunohistochemical
straining showed CD1a+ immature DCs were round or oval
and CD83+ mature DCs were irregular and multiple
branching; The results of immunohistochemical straining and
western blot all showed that CD1a increased gradually from
para-cancerous group to adenoma group and CRC group,
there was significantly difference between any two groups
(P<0.01); CD83 decreased gradually from adenoma group to
para-cancerous group and CRC group, and the difference
between groups was statisticly significant respectively
(P<0.01). The changes of DCs in structures, numbers and
phenotypes may play important roles in the occurrence and
development of CRC.
B4484
Single-prolonged stress induced changes in behavior
and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the rat
hippocampus
B4482
Proteomic identification of proteins differentially
expressed by melatonin in gastric cancer cells
Aijun Xu
Jun Song, Saijun Ma, Hui Zhang, Rixiong Wang, Hui
Liu and Ruixiang Zhou*
Department of Histology and Embryology,College of Basic
Medical Sciences,Hebei United University,Tangshan
063000,China
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of
Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of
Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou,
Fujian, People’s Republic of China
MLT(melatonin, MLT ˅ is a small organic molecule
produced mainly by the pineal gland. MLT exerts obvious
oncostatic effects. Previously studies have demonstrated that
MLT has the inhibitory action to the gastric cancer both in
cell studies and animal experiments. Whereas its molecular
mechanisms of anticancer are unclear. In this study, we
identified specific proteins that were differentially expressed
by melatonin treatment in gastric cancer cells SGC-7901,
MGC-803 and AGS. Proteins that were differentially
expressed were detected using two-dimensional gel
electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins can be
divided into three groups. First group included chaperones
and cytoskeleton proteins, such as HSPA8, CCT3, KRT8;
Second group proteins were enzymes related to cell
metabolism, such as LDH-B, IDH1; Third group proteins
were enzymes related to antioxidant activity, such as GSTP1,
PRDX6. Further study is needed on the effect of
differentially expressed proteins to mechanisms of MLT
anticancer.
The aim of this study was to observe the behavior change and
the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hippocampus of rats
after treated with single-prolonged stress. Wistar rats were
divided randomly into control group and stress group, and the
stress rats were treated with single-prolonged stress. The
behavior changes of rats were observed with openfield test;
reject grip test and Morries water mace test. Hydrocortisone
level in rats’ blood serum was determined with
chemiluminescence. Immunohistochemistry was used to
detect the expressions of Bax and Bal-2 in the hippocampal
neurons. Our results showed that escape latency of the stress
group was significantly higher than the control group.
Hydrocortisone level of the stress group was significantly
lower than the control group. The ratio of Bcl-2 /Bax
increased. The results indicate that the neuronal apoptosis in
hippocampus may play a role in posttraumatic stress disorder.
The increasing of Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the change of
Bcl-2 /Bax ratio may be the mechanism during singleprolonged stress.
B4489
Microglia activation is involved in the pathogenesis
of retinitis pigmentosa
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Shuai Zhang, Kai Xiong, Li Zhu, Qiong Liu, Guomin
Zhou
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai
200032, R.P.China
Retinal degeneration (RD) is found in many different forms
of retinal diseases including retinitis pigmentosa (RP),
diabetic retinopathy, cataracts and so on. Although several
genetic and biochemical factors are associated with the
pathogenesis of RD, it has yet to be determined how these
different impairments could cause similar degenerative
phenotypes. As immune cells of central nervous system,
microglia played an important role in retina diseases. Our
study was to investigate the relationship between the
migration and activation of retinal microglia and the
apoptosis of photoreceptors in acute retina injury rat model,
which was induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in
Sprague-Dawley rats, and the chronic retina injury RCS rat
model. In the study, microglia activation and photoreceptor
cells apoptosis were found in both of rat models. In addition,
it was also found that microglia immigrated from inner retinal
layer to ONL and retina thickness decreased. Our research
implied that microglia activation could be involved in
photoreceptor cells apoptosis, which may be related to
cytotoxic molecules secreted by microglia.
B4508
Role of C-KIT receptor in the development of
colorectal cancer
Jun Tan, Shu Yang, Ping Shen, Haimei Sun, Deshan
Zhou
Department of Histology and Embryology, Capital Medical
University, Beijing, P.R. China
C-KIT receptor, which belongs to type III receptor tyrosine
kinase, plays an important role in the development of
multiple tumors. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC)
remains controversial: some researchers considered C-KIT
may contribute to the proliferation and invasion of CRC,
while others hold an opposite view. To address this question,
we investigated the C-KIT receptor and its downstream
signaling pathways by the use of CRC mouse model (Wads-/-)
deficient in C-KIT receptor induced by AOM+DSS and
human CRC cell line (HCT116). We found that the tumors
collected from Wads-/- mice showed less mucilage cavities
and lower degree of malignant than those from wide type
(WT) mice. We also observed decreased ETV4 expression in
Wads-/- mice, accompanied by much milder tumor growth
and invasion. Likewise, after treatment with Imatinib, the
inhibitor of C-KIT, the proliferation, migration and invasion
of HCT116 cells were significantly suppressed, probably due
to stabilize ETV4, through MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In
conclusion, our findings reveal a key role of C-KIT
receptor/ETV4 signaling in the development of CRC.
B4517
Effects of heroin dependence on the expression of
MOR ,PKA and CREB in VTA regions of rat brain
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Yan Hong, Wenmei Liang
Department of Histology and Embryology, Guiyang Medical
College, Guiyang, 550004, China
To investigate the effect of heroin dependence on the
expression of ȝ- opioid receptor (MOR), PKAand CREB in
the VTA. Adulthood 63 male SD rats were randomly divided
into two groups: normal control group (NCG)and experiment
group (EG). To make the heroin dependence model of rats by
subcutaneous injection of herion, and excise brain tissues
each on 10th ,17th,24th ,and 31st day. MOR,PKA and CREB
at protein level were quantitated by Western blotting and at
mRNA levels of these corresponding encoding proteins by
employing Real-time quantitative PCR. As compared with
NCG , expression of PKA and CREB at protein and mRNA
levels up-regulated. Expression of PKA, no significant
difference was at different time points in EG. And expression
of CREB advanced gradually during the heroin dependence
period. Compared with NCG, Expression of MOR declined
from17 to24 days, and enhanced at 31days. Our study
suggests that it maybe through activate CREB signaling
pathway which produce rewarding effect in heroin-dependent
rats' VTA.
B4518
Effects of curcumin on acute lung injury in rats
TGF-ȕ1/smads signaling pathway
Yangyang Zhu, Yinsheng Li, Zhigang Guo, Suying
Lei,
Department of histology and embryology of Xinxiang
Medical University, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the
Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical
University,Xinxiang 453000
To investigate the effect of early application of curcumin on
TGF-ȕ1/smads signaling pathway in acute lung injury in rats.
The healthy male SD rats(36) were randomly divided into
normal control group, model group and curcumin group.By
bleomycin endotracheal one-time drip model, building 2 days
curcumin group was given 100 mg/kg/d to fill the stomach,
Sham group, model group with an equal volume of saline ,
Medication 3 days, 7 days the rats were sacrificed in batches,
Collect specimens observed in the lung tissue TGF-ȕ1 and
intracellular signal transduction proteins Smads (smad2/3,7)
of the expression by immunohistochemistry and Western
Blotting method. In Curcumin group,The expression
of TGF-ȕ1 and smad2/3 was decreased and the expression of
smad7 was significantly enhanced. Curcumin on early
intervention and treatment of acute lung injury may be
through upregulation smad2 / 3 protein and down smad7
protein, thereby affecting TGF-ȕ1/smads signaling pathways.
B4524
4-PBA ameliorates traumatic brain injury in rats
By reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Yanxia Tian1, Junling Gao1, Jianzhong Cui2, Ran Li1,
Xiaohua Jiang1, Manman Zhao 1,
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83
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University,
Tangshan 063000; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan
Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan 063000
To investigate the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum
stress (ERS)-associated proteins GRP78, p-PERK and CHOP
after TBI in rats, and determine the underlying mechanisms
of 4-PBA on neuronal injury by reducing ERS after TBI. 114
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,
including sham group, TBI group, TBI plus 4-PBA group.
Rat model of diffuse brain injury was established according
to Marmarou’s falling model. The expression of GRP78, pPERK and CHOP were by means of immunohistochemistry
and western blotting. Compared with sham group, GRP78, pPERK and CHOP were significantly increased in TBI group.
At the corresponding time, compared with TBI group, the
expression of GRP78, p-PERK and CHOP decreased
remarkably in 4-PBA group. The scores of behavioral test
were significantly increased in 4-PBA group. ERS was
started after TBI in rats. Our results indicate 4-PBA has a
protective effect on TBI, which may be related to inhibition
of ERS-induced PERK/CHOP pathway.
B4529
Expression of LC-3 and Beclin-1 in alveolar
macrophages of silicosis rats
model of silicosis. On the 12th hours, injections of BMSCs,
CM or control medium were administered. The lungs were
evaluated using hematoxylin/eosin staining following 14 d.
The levels of TNF-Į, IL-1, IL-6 or IL-10 in bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid and lung tissues were measured by ELISA and
Western blot. Additionally, we also examined collagen
content and the expression of MMPs in damage lung tissues.
ELISA indicated that BMSCs secreted different cytokines
into CM, such as VEGF, IL-1RA and TIMP. BMSCs and
CM therapy significantly downregulated the proinflammatory cytokines while up-regulated the antiinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, our data demonstrated
that BMSCs and CM could reduce collagen deposition and
increase MMPs expression compared to silica alone. CM
therapies may offer a new alternative strategy for lung
diseases, allowing for the avoidance of cell transplantations.
B4533
Dynamic expression of autophagy-related proteins
LC-3 and Beclin-1 in rat model of silicosis
Manman Zhao1, Junling Gao1, Jianzhong Cui 2,
Huixing Zhu1, Yanxia Tian1, Ran Li1
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University,
Tangshan 063000; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan
Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan 063000
Junling Gao1, Juan Zhang1, Jianzhong Cui2, Huixing
Zhu1, Manman Zhao1, Yanxia Tian1, Quan Kan1
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University,
Tangshan 063000; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan
Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan 063000
To observe expression of LC-3 and Becline-1 in alveolar
macrophages (AMs) in rat models of silicosis. The silicosis
model of rats were made by one-time infusion of silica dust
suspension. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage and
collected AMs. The morphological changes of AMs were
observed by HE staining; The expression of LC-3 and Beclin1 were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western
blotting. Compared with the control group, AMs were largerˈ
cytoplasm were richer. Particles were found in some AMs in
the model group. The expression of LC-3 and Beclin-1 were
increased at all time points in model group. Both LC-3 and
Beclin-1 began to increase at the 1st day, and peaked at the
14th day, decreased at the 28th day, but still higher than basal
expression. Autophagy was activated in AMs of the silicosis
model and the presence of autophagy in AMs was involved in
the pathological process of silicosis.
B4530
To investigate expression of autophagy-related proteins LC-3
and Beclin-1 in the silicosis model of rats. Ninety male SD
rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group,
model group and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) group. The
silicosis model of rats were made by one-time infusion of
silica dust suspension method and given the 3-MA injection.
The morphological changes of lung tissue were observed by
HE staining and Masson staining; The expression of LC-3
and Beclin-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and
Western blotting. There were alveolitis change, silicosis
nodules formation and collagen deposition in the model
group. The intensities of immunohistochemical positive
reaction for LC-3, Beclin-1 were increased at all time points
in model group(P<0.05). Compared with the model group,
these changs were decreased at all time points in 3-MA group
(P<0.05). Autophagy involved in the pathological process of
silicosis in rats, and played an important role in the
occurrence and development of silicosis.
B4534
Inhibition of autophagy reduces expression of TNFĮ and TGF-ȕ in silica induced alveolar
macrophages injury in vitro
Protective effects of BMSC–conditioned medium in
silica induced lung injury in rats
Junling Gao1, Huixing Zhu 1, Jianzhong Cui 2, Manman
Zhao1, Yanxia Tian1, Ran Li1
Junling Gao1, Manman Zhao1, Jianzhong Cui 2,
Huixing Zhu1, Yanxia Tian1, Quan Kan1
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University,
Tangshan 063000; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan
Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan 063000
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei United University,
Tangshan 063000; 2Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan
Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan 063000
The aim of present study is to investigate therapeutic
potential of BMSC-conditioned medium (CM) on silicosis.
Animals were exposed to silica to establish experimental
To observe the efffects of autophagy on expression of TNF-Į
and TGF-ȕ in silica induced alveolar macrophages (AMs)
injury in vitro. AMs collected from bronchoalveolar lavage
fluid of SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:
control group, model group and 3-MA group. AMs were
exposed slica to establish cell model in vitro. AMs were
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incubated with 3-MA on the 1st day of slica treatment. AMs
in each group were trypsinized and collected on the 1, 7, 14
and 28 day. The morphological changes of AMs were tested
by HE staining; The expression of LC-3, TNF-Į and TGF-ȕ
in AMs were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western
blotting respectively. 3-MA treatment significantly inhibited
autophagy activity, and decreased TNF-Į and TGF-ȕ
expression in AMs campared with model group. Inhibition of
autophagy may suppress production TNF-Į and TGF-ȕ in
AMs, and further promote inflammatory injury repair.
B4556
IGF-1/IGF-1R may involve in the development of
diabetic gastroparesis
Guoquan Zhang1,Shu Yang2, Tao Jiang1, Deshan Zhou2
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Logistics
University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin
300162, China; 2 Department of Histology and Embryology,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
*zhouds08@ccmu.edu.cn
IGF-1/IGF-1R plays an important role in the survival of
neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in mouse
gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R
in diabetic gastroparesis, we detected IGF-1R, ChAT, SCF
and c-Kit in gastric tunica muscularis of diabetic mice.
Results showed that IGF-IR was generally expressed in
smooth muscles and enteric neurons but not in ICC. Gastric
emptying was delayed at the 4th diabetic week, accompanied
by decreased IGF-1R expression and cholinergic neuron
number. Then, SCF was reduced at the 6th diabetic week,
followed by decreased c-Kit expression and ICC number at
the 8th diabetic week. This data suggested that impaired IGF1/IGF-1R is responsible for the loss of cholinergic neurons in
early diabetes, and contributes to the reduction of SCF, which
further leads to the depletion of ICC and facilitates the
progression of gastroparesis in later diabetes.
B4603
Role of Keap1 in the invasion and metastasis of
NSCLC
Bo Wu, Haimei Sun, Lie Xu, Yurong Wang, Deshan
Zhou*
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic
Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing,
100069, China.
The tumor suppressor of Keap1 has significantly low
expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However,
the molecular mechanism of this low expression remains
unclear. For the first time, our study demonstrated that the
promoter of Keap1 is highly methylated, which could impede
transcription factor Sp1 from binding to Keap1 in A549 cells.
We further explored the role of Keap1 in the invasion and
metastasis of NSCLC. Overexpression of Keap1 in A549
could stable the cytoskeleton and regulate focal adhesion
distribution by mediating RhoA activity, thereby restrain the
motility and invasion in A549. Then, tumor xenografts
models were established to further explore the role of Keap1
in vivo. From which we found the similar regulation that the
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tumor xenograft had smaller size and less metastasis in
Keap1 overexpression mice than the control group. The
above studies both demonstrated that Keap1 can suppress the
tumor development and metastasis, which could provide new
explanation for the mechanism of metastasis in NSCLC.
B4612
Correlation study on distribution of thymocytes and
expression of iNOS after experimental vagus injury
Yufang Zhao1, Ke Dong2
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, HeBei United
University˗2 Affiliated hospitalˈHeBei United University.
Tangshan 063000 P.R. China
The effects of nitric oxide on mechanism of vagus in
regulating the migration of thymocytes in rat thymus was
discussed. Experiment to the right cervical vagotomy,
immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical doublelabeling method, flow cytometry and western blot were used.
CD4 and CD8 labeled cells were located at the
corticomedullary junctions and medullas. After monolateral
vagotomy, both the area and the percent of the CD4/CD8
double positive stained cells were decreasing by
immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical doublelabeling method, while the percent of the mature thymocytes
were increasing by flow cytometric detection. Showed the
western blot, the expression of iNOS decreased after transient
elevation. Vagus nerve promote T cell development and
output, which NO plays an important role in the process.
B4617
C-type natriuretic peptide ameliorates
ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury
Dongyuan XuˈXiunan Jin, Youchen Zhang, Xiangdan
Li
Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Yanbian
University, Yanji, Jilin 133000
Atrial natriuretic peptide has been shown to attenuate
ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced kidney injury. However,
the effect of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B activation
on IR-induced acute kidney injury is not well documented.
The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a selective activator of
NPR-B, on the IR-induced acute renal injury and its
mechanisms involved. Unilaterally nephrectomized rats were
insulted by IR in the remaining kidney. CNP was
administered intravenously beginning with the start of 45-min
renal ischemia for 2 h. Blood samples were collected for the
measurement of the levels of BUN and creatinine.
Histological and chemical changes were also observed.
Treatment with CNP significantly attenuated the IR-induced
increase in serum BUN and creatinine, apoptotic changes and
oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations.
Furthermore, CNP restored the suppressed renal cGMP levels
caused by IR insult. These findings suggest that CNP
ameliorates IR-induced acute kidney injury through
inhibition of apoptotic and oxidative stress pathways possibly
via NPR-B-cGMP signaling.
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85
for accurate localization of compression site of suprascapular
nerve (SN) and safe decompression of the nerve.
IFAA2014-3-001
Morphological and surgical anatomy of coronary
sinus, its tributaries and relation to the mitral valve
annulus
1
IFAA2014-3-003
Brain metabolism and paleoneurology: from blood
to form
1
Shashi Raheja , Lalit Mehra , Sneh
Agarwal1, Kulwinder Kaur1, Yashoda Rani2, Anita
Tuli1
Emiliano Bruner1,2,3, José Manuel de la Cuétara1,4
1
Anatomy,Lady hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, INDIA
Forensic Medicine,Lady hardinge Medical College, New
Delhi, INDIA.
*drshashiraheja@gmail.com
2
To study morphology of coronary sinus (CS) and its
tributaries i.e. great cardiac vein (GCV), middle cardiac vein
(MCV), posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV) and small
cardiac vein (SCV): their course, length and diameter, and
relation of GCV and CS to mitral valve annulus (MVA). CS ,
its tributaries were studied in 40 adult cadaveric formalin
fixed human hearts: length, diameter, course . Relation of
GCV and CS to MVA was studied in six longitudinal
sections (named section 1-6). Length (range) of CS, GCV,
MCV, PVLV and SCV was 20.89-44, 52.38-147, 54.2388.57, 52.25-89.98 and 23.03-32.67 mm respectively. The
Diameter (range) of CS, GCV, MCV, PVLV and SCV was
7.34-16.52, 3.95-7.64, 3.41-7.46, 1.23-5.93 and 1.79-3.13mm
respectively. In 37 hearts, venous channel in section 2 was
widely separated from MVA compared to the two ends and
the distances of GCV and CS from MVA in section 1, 2, 3,
and 4 were significantly longer than Sections 5 and 6
(p<0.001). An irregular pattern was seen in 3 hearts. The
length, diameter and course of CS and its tributaries will be
helpful for successful catheterization. Relation of GCV/CS
with MVA will help in designing mitral annuloplasty devices.
IFAA2014-3-002
Variational Anatomy of Suprascapular notch:
Implication for Suprascapular nerve entrapment.
Oladayo S Oyedun, Modupeola O Bolaji, Chioma L
Kanu
1
Paleobiology Group, National Research Centre for Human
Evolution, Burgos, Spain; 2Italian Institute of Anthropology,
Rome, Italy; 3Center for Cognitive Archaeology, Colorado
University, Colorado Springs, USA; 4Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
*emiliano.bruner@cenieh.es
One of the mayor determinants of human evolution is
encephalization. Changes in brain size and shape involved
relevant variations in brain metabolism and thermoregulation.
Fossils can provide two sources of information in this sense:
the vascular traces of the vessels, and the endocranial form.
Vascular traces display partial information on the venous
sinuses, middle meningeal artery, and diploic channels. There
is evidence suggesting that only modern humans evolved
complex vascular networks, independently upon the changes
in brain volume or cranial geometry. In vivo analyses of these
vessels present elusive functions and require more
investigations in biomedical fields. At the same time brain
form can give quantitative information on the heat
distribution patters. Although size is the main factor involved
in heat production, localized shape changes can increase or
decrease the sensitivity of specific cortical and subcortical
areas to thermal stress. As a matter of fact, higher metabolic
loads have been described in cortical areas strictly associated
with the evolution of modern humans, like the precuneus.
The same areas suffer metabolic impairments at early stages
of the Alzheimer’s disease, a pathology strictly associated
with our species. Despite the endocranial vessels and form
can give only a partial perspective of the brain metabolic
processes, they represent the only information available from
fossils on this issue, and should be carefully considered in
terms of human evolution and biomedical relevance.
IFAA2014-3-004
Department of Anatomy,University of Ibadan,Ibadan, Nigeria.
*oyedundayo@yahoo.com
An integrated analysis of external geometry and
internal microstructure
The morphological variations of suprascapular notch have
been associated with suprascapular nerve entrapment
syndromes. The study aimed at describing the shapes and the
dimensions of suprascapular notch. The suprascapular notch
was classified into six types in 44 dried human scapulae
based on relative dimensions of transverse length (TL) and
maximum depth (MD) of suprascapular notch (SSN) and
presence of ossified superior transverse scapular ligament
(STSL) (Modified Natsis classification). The SSN was
present in 43 (97.7%) scapulae. TL was greater than MD in
34 (77.3%) scapulae, less than MD in 4 (9.1%) scapulae and
equal to MD in 4 (9.1%) scapulae. The most prevalent shape
was “U” seen in 34 (77.3%) scapulae while “V” was the least
prevalent shape observed in 1 (2.3%) scapula. It has been
hypothesized that the risk of suprascapular nerve entrapment
syndrome (SNES) increases with absence of notch,
ossification of STSL, “V” shaped notch and reduction in MD.
Knowledge of variation in shape and dimension is necessary
Huayue Chen1, Kin-ya Kubo2, Takao Senda1
1
Department of Anatomy, Gifu University Graduate School of
Medicine; 2Seijoh University Graduate School of Health
Care Studies.
*huayue@gifu-u.ac.jp
The external and internal morphology of the vertebral body is
important for maintaining bone strength. This study is to
identify the changes of vertebral dimension, cortical and
trabecular microstructure at the human lumbar vertebrae with
age and gender. We used 56 third lumbar vertebrae of 28
women and men (56-98 years of age) from a Japanese
population. Both women and men were divided into middle,
old, and elderly groups. Vertebral bodies were examined
using micro-CT system. Vertebral body height, width, depth
and cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. Cortical and
trabecular microstructure was analyzed with bone analysis
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software. Vertebral height decreased, while width, depth and
CSA increased with age. The ratio of width/height
significantly increased with age. As compared with women,
men had larger vertebral size. Trabecular bone volume
(BV/TV) decreased with age. BV/TV of vertical oriented
bone was almost twice that of horizontal one. Age-related
loss of vertical trabeculae was slower than that of horizontal
ones. Vertebral cortical porosity increased and cortical
thickness tended to decrease with age. Our findings indicate
that age-related changes of vertebral geometry correlated
with changes of internal microstructure. Vertebral
width/height ratio may represent as a new indicator of
vertebral strength.
IFAA2014-3-005
Mesoscopic study of the musculature of the human
uterine tube
Jorge A. Henriquez, Marlis A. Bernales
Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco.
Chile.
*jorge.henriquez@ufrontera.cl
The uterine tube becomes relevant in the nineteenth century
because ectopic pregnancies, so, various authors had made
investigations about their morphological characteristcs. This
research was carried out to analyze the mesoscopic human
uterine tube with emphasis on the provision of smooth
muscle portion thereof. Ten oviducts were fixed in
formaldehyde solution, dissected, worked with the Semper
paraffin method and were dissected under the stereo
microscope. We observed that the tubes isthmus have two
layers, the most superficial, oblique to the axis of the tube
and parallel to each other; the deepest, double spiral from
right to left and from left to right, which ended as oblique
fibers reaching the loops that forms the mucosa at the center
of this organ. The ampulla had a different layout with annular
fibers at the junction of isthmus-ampulla and infunfibulum
ampulla, where these fibers are also thinner and lose at the
center of the ampulla, it could be seen an irregular
arrangement of fibers which formed a very intricate network
with oblique, longitudinal and spiral fibers. The superficial
muscle fibers are thin and oblique but longitudinal
arrangement. The deep layer have a spiral disposition, which
reach the mucosa. The ampulla fibers forming an intricate
network.
IFAA2014-3-006
IRF6, RYK and PAX9 role in facial tissue of
children with clefts
Liene Smane1, Mara Pilmane1, Ilze Avota2
1
Department of Morphology, Riga Stradins University, Riga,
Latvia; 2Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University,
Riga, Latvia.
*Liene.Smane@rsu.lv
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is among the most common
congenital anomalies that arise in early development. The
genes interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), receptor-like
tyrosine kinase (RYK) and paired box gene 9 (PAX9) are
essential for normal development and morphogenesis of
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craniofacial structures. Nineteen CLP patients and 7
unaffected subjects were enrolled in this study. The intensity
of immunostaining was graded semi-quantitatively. The
Mann-Whitney test for comparison of study groups was
conducted. Moderate to abundant numbers of IRF6
immunoreactive structures were observed in the connective
tissue of all CLP patients. IRF6-positive oral epithelial cells
were significantly increased in the control group when
compared with the CLP group (p=0.01). Of note, only
sporadic expression of RYK was observed in oral epithelium
from four CLP patients. The appearance of PAX9-positive
epithelial cells varied from occasional to numerous in the
visual field of samples from children with clefts. We
observed an abundant number of PAX9 positive cells in oral
epithelium, especially in the basal cell layer in all specimens
of the control group. There was significant difference in
mean between the study groups (p<0.001). IRF6 is main
connective tissue cells regulatory factor in CLP tissue. Scarce
expression of IRF6 in CLP affected oral epithelium indicates
a potential decrease of epitheliocytes differentiation potential.
Scarce expression of PAX9, RYX2 suggests their possible
role in decreased cell migration and remodelation of cleft
morphopathogenesis.
IFAA2014-3-007
Effects of total flavone of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on
neural cell apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia
Mengjie Liu, Xiaoguang Wu, Mengmeng Li, Nana
Cao, Tiange Zhang
Chengde Medical College, Sichuan China
*507332031@qq.com
Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf;Bcl-2;Bax; Chronic cerebral
ischemia; western blot To investigate effects of TFHL on the
expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in brain tissue of cerebral
ischemia rats. 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into
sham group, model group and TFHL group. Chronic cerebral
ischemia rat model was prepared by bilateral carotid artery
ligation. TFHL group was given 140 mg/kg hawthorn leaves
flavonoids to lavage. The number of neuronal apoptosis was
assessed by TUNEL. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl2 were detected by western blot. Compared with model
group, the protein expression of Bcl-2 in TFHL group were
significantly increased (P<0.05) and that of Bax were down
regulated (P<0.05). In addition, the quantity of positive
TUNEL cells in TFHL group was lower than that of model
group (P< 0.05). TFHL can decrease brain apoptosis in
cerebral ischemia rats, whose effect may be related to
decreased expression of Bax and increased expression of Bcl2.
IFAA2014-3-008
The anatomy and morphometry of the meniscoids
of the lateral atlantoaxial joints
Scott F Farrell1, Peter G Osmotherly1, Jon
Cornwall2,3, Darren A Rivett1
1
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine,
The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; 2Faculty
of Law, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;
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87
3
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand.
*scott.farrell@newcastle.edu.au
Despite being suggested as potential sources of neck pain, the
normal anatomy of the lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids
has not been extensively examined. This study explores the
morphology and morphometry of these structures to further
elucidate their form. One lateral atlantoaxial joint from each
of 12 cadaveric cervical spines (6 female; 6 left; mean 81.5
years) was dissected. Meniscoids were identified and
measures made of their protrusion length and surface area.
Joint cartilage degeneration was rated. Meniscoids were then
sectioned, processed (haematoxylin and eosin), and examined
using light microscopy. Data were analysed descriptively and
with non-parametric techniques (significance p<0.05).
Meniscoids were found at the ventral and dorsal aspects of
each joint and were classified as adipose (32%), fibrous
(41%) and fibroadipose (27%) types. Adipose meniscoids
were mostly located ventrally (6 of 7) and fibrous meniscoids
mostly dorsally (7 of 9); cartilage degeneration was
associated with fibrous meniscoids and intact cartilage with
adipose meniscoids. Meniscoid length was greater than in
males than females (p<0.04). No significant associations
were found between meniscoid length or surface area and
age, composition, cartilage degeneration, or location in joint.
Atlantoaxial joint meniscoid morphology demonstrates
distinct patterns. Studies are required to examine these
structures over larger age-spans and in populations with neck
pain to further clarify their morphology and potential clinical
importance.
IFAA2014-3-009
Ossification of the superior transverse ligament in a
South African scapula: A factor to be considered in
the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment
Anatomía. Ciencias Básicas Universidad de La
Frontera.Temuco.Chile; 2Biología.Ciencias Básicas.
Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco.Chile; 3Odontología.
Universidad de La Frontera. Temuco.Chile.
*matamala.fernando@gmail.com
Ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament is
one of the factors considered in the classification of the
suprascapular notch based on shape. Variation in morphology
of the superior transverse scapular ligament is always
considered a critical factor in the diagnosis of suprascapular
nerve entrapment syndrome. This study reports the complete
ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament in a
South African scapula and a note on its clinical anatomy.
Hila May1,2, Tania Sella Tunis1, Haim Cohen1, Dan
Stein1, Bahaa Medlej1, Hershkovitz Israel1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv Univeristy.
*hilamay@gmail.com
The therapeutic effect of ultrasound at the
neurofibrils level on rat sciatic nerve
1
Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine,
Durban, South Africa.
*azu@ukzn.ac.za
What femoral mid-shaft morphology tell us about
early farmers at the advent of agriculture?
IFAA2014-3-011
Fernando Matamala1, Ricardo Cornejo2, Nilton Alves3
Onyemaechi O. Azu, David O Ofusori, Edwin C.S
Naidu, Jesse S. Naidu
IFAA2014-3-010
One of the key questions accompanying the discussion
around the impact of agriculture revolution on humans' way
of life relates to the changes in the amplitude and pattern of
physical stress witnessed by early farmers compared to their
preceding hunters. The Neolithic revolution (10,500 - 4,300
BCE) in the southern Levant was one of the most significant
cultural processes in human history. Through the study of the
femoral bone cross-sections geometry we aimed to get
information on the physical stress and activity pattern among
the first farming communities in the Levant. 130 femora (30
Natufian, 83 Neolithic and 18 Modern) housed at TAU
underwent a high resolution CT scan. Dedicated computer
software was developed and utilized to measure 22
parameters of the femoral cross-sectional area. Natufians'
femoral cortical bone was significantly thicker compared to
Neolithic and Modern femora. Coefficient of cortical area
variation was significantly higher in the Neolithic
populations. No significant differences were found in bone
rigidity parameters. The Neolithic femoral cross-section
shape was more rounded compared to the Natufian. In both
Natufian and Modern femora, the cortex was thicker on the
lateral side compared to the medial, opposed to the Neolithic
femora. To conclude, the significant decrease in bone
robusticity with the transition to farming activities reflects a
more sedentary way of life in these populations, whereas the
greater variability in their bone thickness suggest a more
heterogeneous physical activities (division of labor) in early
farming communities.
To measure by TEM on rat sciatic nerve the number of
surviving damage neurofilaments by neuropraxia and their
later recovery by way of ultrasound therapy. 21 Sprague
Dawley rats weighing 300 grm were employed and divided
into three groups: A) Control with healthy nerve B) Injured
nerve C) Injured nerves and later therapy by irradiation with
intensity of 1 W/cm2. Specimens were anesthetized to later
proceed at their surgically nerve isolation. The right sciatic
nerve was compressed by a controlled pressure clamp, for 3
minutes with a constant force 40 N .Rats from group C were
irradiated at 24 hours post injury with US (ultrasound
continued )intensity of 1W/cm2 , for 10 consecutive days in a
daily dose of 1 minute per session. Subsequently the
specimens of Groups A, B and C; were euthanized. Their
nerves were collected and processed for TEM. The number of
surviving neurofibrils per ȝm 2 area was measured from
micrographies according to the reticle technique. The
statistical analysis performed by the Shapiro-Wilck test
between control specimens from groups A,B and the
irradiated animals from group C determined a significant
difference in the number of their neurofibrils. Specimens A)
133,6 neurofibrils x ȝm2 area . SD 21,0 B) 103,0 neurofibrils
x ȝm2 area . SD 8,0 C) 145,5 neurofibrils x ȝm2 area . SD
22,8 Therapeutic ultrasound irradiation increases the number
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88
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
of neurofibrils x ȝm2 area between injured by neuropraxia
and control nerve
IFAA2014-3-012
Fibre types in human suboccipital muscles
Jon Cornwall1,2, Philip Sheard3
1
Faculty of Law, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand; 3Department of Physiology, University of Otago,
Dunedin, New Zealand.
*jon.cornwall@otago.ac.nz
2
The suboccipital muscles (SOM) rectus capitis posterior
major (PMa), rectus capitis posterior minor (PMi), inferior
oblique (IO), and superior oblique (SO) attach posteriorly
between C1, C2 and the occiput. They are said to be
‘postural’, though little data exists to support this claim. Data
on SOM fibre types would further determine their function
and guide therapeutic interventions. This study aims to
improve knowledge of SOM function through an examining
their muscle fibre types. 96 individual SOM were removed
bilaterally from 12 elderly cadavers (mean 73 yrs, 6 males).
Sections of each muscle (midpoint) were processed, paraffin
embedded, sectioned, and fibres identified (types I, II) using
immunohistochemistry. Stereology (random systematic
sampling) determined fibre proportions from whole muscle
sections. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p<0.05) and
descriptive statistics. Preliminary results (6 cadavers, 48
muscles) showed significant differences in fibre proportions
(ratio type I / II) between SO and IO; PMi and IO. Average
type I proportions were 54.7% (SO), 66.9% (IO), 56.6%
(PMa), and 54.2% (PMi). No difference existed between side
or cadaver. Further results are pending. Findings indicate
possible differences in the function of the individual SOM
muscles, suggesting some of these muscles are not strictly
postural in function given their relatively low percentage of
type I fibres compared to other ‘postural’ muscles. Further
investigations are required to clarify their precise function.
IFAA2014-3-013
Morphological characteristics of testis lobule
micrangium in yak˄Bos grunniens˅
Ligang Yuan
College of Veterinary Medicine,Gansu Agricultural
University,Lanzhou,China.
*yuan2918@126.com
The mammals adapt to the high altitude plateau environment
has its own unique mechanism.To study the architecture of
the testis lobule micrangium and its functional relationship in
adult yak ˄ Bos grunniens ˅ by vascular proplasm, Inkgelatinum paraffin section, replica scanning electron
microscopic methods and routine paraffin sections The
results show that the interstitial capillary along the
longitudinal wall of the seminiferous tubule formed ladderlike capillary network, it gives branches interconnected each
other to form peritubular capillaries. Otherwise, the initial of
peritubular capillaries also form interstitial capillary plexus
around the Leydig cells. Moreover, the broad and different
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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level communications were found in microvasculature around
the seminiferous tubules of the testis lobule. There were
obvious imprints of the endothelial nuclei on the surface of
the casts of the interstitial arteriole and the precapillary
arteriole as well. From the above,the testis lobule micrangium
structural features in yak as a result of their living in loweroxygen on Qingzang Plateau from generation to generation.
IFAA2014-3-014
Fibre type composition of human longus capitis and
longus colli
Alexandra N Miller1, Stephanie J Woodley1, Jon
Cornwall2
1
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New
Zealand; 2Faculty of Law, University of Otago, Dunedin,
New Zealand.
*alexandra.miller1@uqconnect.edu.au
Effective management of neck pain requires a detailed
understanding of cervical muscle function. However, such
information is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate
the fibre type composition of the pre-cervical muscles, longus
capitis (LCa) and longus colli (LCo), to further elucidate their
function. Tissue blocks were harvested unilaterally from LCa
(C2-C7) and LCo (C3, C6, T1) in seven female cadavers
(mean age 86±9 years). Immunohistochemistry was used to
identify type I and type II fibres, and stereology (random
systematic sampling) used to count type I/II fibre numbers.
Data were assessed using descriptive statistics and one-way
ANOVA (significance p<0.05). 52 sections were assessed
(82,785 fibres; mean 1592±927 per section). LCa had a
significantly greater proportion of type I fibres than LCo
(64.33% vs 55.70%, p=0.011). The percentage of fibre types
also varied significantly between individuals in LCa but not
LCo. No significant difference was found in the proportion of
type I fibres between cervical levels for either LCa or LCo.
Conclusion: Based on fibre type composition, LCa and LCo
appear to be functionally different, with LCa likely to have a
more postural function than LCo. Fibre types were
homogenous throughout each muscle, across multiple
vertebral levels, indicating similar function across the whole
muscle. Further studies across a larger age-span, and in males
are required to determine whether these results are
representative of other population sub-groups.
IFAA2014-3-015
Analysis of cellular death in the experimental bone
tissue regarding the biomaterial implantation
Jolanta Vamze1, Mara Pilmane2, Andrejs Skagers3
1
Doctoral Degree Study Programme, Riga Stradins
University, Dzirciema str.16, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia;
2
Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins
University; Kronvalda blvd.9, LV-1010, Riga, Latvia
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Riga
Stradins University; Dzirciema str.16, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
*jolantavmz@gmail.com
Investigation of the appearance of cell apoptosis in the lower
jaw of rabbits after the implantation of calcium phosphatetype and polymer implants. Methods: Material was obtained
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
89
from the lower jaw tissue of Californian rabbits after three,
six and eight month of the implantation of
hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate,
hydroxyapatite,
hydroxyapatite/polycaprolacton
and
polymethylmethacrylate. Study protocol was approved by the
Animal Ethics Committee of Food and Veterinary
Administration of Latvia. Bone tissue was processed for
morphological study of apoptosis by use of TUNEL kit and
antibody to caspase. Quantification of positive osteocytes
was done using semi – quantitative evaluation method.
Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics
20. Results: Regarding the implantation time, study showed
variability of the amount of apoptotic cells in experimental
tissue using calcium phosphate-type implants. Compared to
control tissue, no statistically significant difference was
detected between experimental and control groups (z=1,76;
p=0,08). Apoptotic cells in bone tissue with polymer implants
were not observed at all. Conclusions: Cell apoptosis
expresses the individual variations in tissue surrounding
biomaterials three, six and eight months after the
implantation of biomaterials. But, it is compensated response
of tissue, recovered in normality after three months period.
IFAA2014-3-016
The typical Ductular reaction (DR) develops on 2nd/3rd days
after common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Our study shows
that the increase in number of DPs occurs at 6th hour after
CBDL, before cholangiocytes become mitotically active. 6
male Wistar rats (150-200gr) were subjected to CBDL, 6 rats
- control group (CG). At 6th hour of CBDL liver tissues of 4
rats from both groups were studied histologically and
immunohistochemically. The corrosion casts of vascular and
biliary tracts of 2 animals were studied by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM). The majority of “new” DPs were located
across the portal vein while several were revealed
intralobullarly. DPs were CK19+ and Ki67-. Histological and
SEM data confirm: “new” DPs represent the sections of the
branches of periportal biliary plexus and intralobullar ductuli
(including Herring’s ductuli). In normal condition these
biliary branches are invisible. Biliary hypertension makes
them widened and clearly evident. Cholangiocytes nuclei are
light, oval or spindle-shaped. They are larger than in norm
(CG–24,93r1,44; CBDL-6h; p<0,001). Thus, “preproliferative” step of early DR is mediated by widening of
the existed biliary ramifications and increasing in size of
cholangiocytes nuclei and is not associated with proliferative
activities.
Morphological changes of dog liver preserved by
different methods
IFAA2014-3-018
Morphometric analysis of intervillous fibrinoid
deposition in complicated pregnancies
Nodar G. Khodeli1, Zurab A. Chkhaidze2, Dimitri J.
Kordzaia1
Vesna Janevska, Gordana Petrusevska, Aneta T.
Zrmanovska, Ivan Domazetovski
1
Institute of Morphology, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi,
Georgia; 2Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of
Medicine, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
*nkhodeli@gmail.com
The aim of the study was to compare the morphological
changes in dog liver, preserved in standard solution with
same, preserved by normothermic blood perfusion provided
by original Non-Traditional Perfusion System (NTPS). 1st
group (N4) - after washing out of blood vessels, liver graft
was placed the UW solution at 3-40C. 2nd group (N4) - liver
graft was placed in saline at 380C and using NTPS it was
supplied by non-oxygenated blood through portal vain
canula, and with oxygenated pulsing blood through arterial
canula. After 3hr liver tissue samples were taken and
processed by rutine histological technics. Liver tissue
assessed on H&E stained slides (30 areas of each biopsy
sample) by modified Banff- and Suzuki Criteria (grades 1-4):
frequency of ballooning degeneration and necrosis of
hepatocytes, blood stasis in sinusoids and central veins,
structural disorganization of hepatic lobules. The degree of
liver tissue damage in the 1st group was (1,15 ±0,24)
significantly higher (p”0,05) than in 2nd group (0,65 ±0,18).
The obtained results confirm the advantage of liver graft
conservation by native blood perfusion with physiological
parameters and selective blood flow provided by NTPS.
IFAA2014-3-017
Pre-proliferative step of typical ductular reaction
Manana Kakabadze, Mtvarisa Kordzaia, Mikheil
Jangavadze1, Dimitri Kordzaia
Aleqsandre Natishvili Institute of Morphology, TSU
*manana.kakabadze@tsu.ge
Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University "Ss. Cyril
and Methodius" - Skopje, Macedonia
*lspasevska@yahoo.com
We quantified placental intervillous fibrinoid deposition
(IVFD) in order to evaluate their involvement in the
pathogenesis of pregnancies complicated with intrauterine
growth retardation (IUGR). Placentas from 53 singleton fullterm (37-42ga) IUGR foetuses were analysed. 38 of them
were from pregnancies complicated by normotensive IUGR
and 15 were from pregnancies complicated by
preeclampsia/toxaemia. 17 placentas from full-term
uncomplicated pregnancies served as control group.
Standardized tissue blocks were routinely processed and
slides were stained with H.E, PAS and Weigert stain for
fibrin. Quantification of IVFD was achieved using
commercial Image Analysing Software LUCIA M. Results
from morphometric analysis of IVFD (measure area
2,78189e+006P2). 37-42ga. No. Min. Mean Max. p n.IUGR
38 1,308e+006 3,156e+006 5,559e+006 <0,001 PE/T 15
0.568e+006 1,326e+006 2,158+006 <0,01 Control 17
10,995.00 25,324.00 40,505.00 The highest values of IVFD
were found in pregnancies complicated by normotensive
IUGR and were significantly different (p<0,001) from those
of the control group and from pregnancies complicated by
PE/T. The values of IVFD in pregnancies complicated by
PE/T were also significantly higher (p<0.01) from the control
group. The results demonstrated that the amount of IVFD
correlates with pregnancies complicated by IUGR, and may
influence their pathogenesis or consequences. IVFD has a
higher percentage of recurrence in these pregnancies and
should be prevented.
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90
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
IFAA2014-3-019
Anatomo-radiologic study of the vascular supply of
the pancreas interrelated with resective surgery
Veronica Macchi1, Edgardo Enrico Edoardo
Picardi1, Andrea Porzionato1, Aldo Morra2, Carla
Stecco1, Romeo Bardini3, Raffaele De Caro1
1
Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular
Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; 2Section of Radiology,
Euganea Medica Group, Albignasego, Padova, Ital
3
General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological
and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova,
Italy.
*rdecaro@unipd.it
Postoperative pancreatic fistula is still regarded as a major
complication. The aim of the study was to describe the
pancreatic vascular architecture and to evaluate if it can
predict the risk of postoperative complications. 9 specimens
of duodenum, pancreas and spleen, were injected with acrylic
resins to obtain vascular casts. 30 computed tomography
angiographies (CT angiography) of subjects without
pancreatic pathology were analyzed. At the level of the
pancreatic neck a paucivascular area was appreciable in all
vascular casts. The transverse artery (PT) is the only artery,
linking the cervicocephalic segment with the somatocaudal
one. High risk vascular patterns are the presence of: a splenic
artery with intrapancreatic course (33.3%); an inferior
duodenopancreatic (DP) artery originating from the DPjejunal trunk (28.6%); dorsal pancreatic artery originating
from superior mesenteric artery (AMS) (3.8%) or a PT
originating from AMS (26.9%). At the level of the pancreatic
neck the paucivascular area corresponds to an area of
microcirculation of the parenchyma due to the absence of
vessels with significant caliber. It can facilitate the resection
of the pancreatic head, but it makes the body-tail stump
vulnerable to postoperative ischemic insults. Great attention
to the preoperative study of patients undergoing
pancreatoduodenectomy should be paid.
IFAA2014-3-019
Reasons for not authorizing the necropsy
examination at Hospital Universitário Regional
Norte do Paraná/ UEL between 2001 and 2011.
Allan James de Castro Bussmann1,2,3, Kazuhiro
Ito1, Caroline Braz2
1
Laboratório de Anatomia Patologica, Universidade
Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brasil; 2Anatomia Humana,
UNIFIL, Londrina, Brazil; 3Departamento de Pós
Graduação, Instituto Dimensão, Maringá, Brasil
*bussmann@uel.br
The necropsy is an intern examination done on the corpse to
determine the cause of death through a sequence of
exploratory procedures carried out on the body. The necropsy
can be classified into two categories: the forensic necropsy
and anatomopathological-clinic, the first has a judicial cleat,
and the second has a clinical objective. The clinic necropsy
was a procedure highly valued as a means of diagnosis until
de decade of 1960’s, however the examination is declining in
the world nowadays, at Hospital Univesitário Regional Norte
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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do Paraná – Univesidade Estadual de Londrina
(HURNP/UEL), it's not different, were recorded between the
years 2001 and 2011, 7.270 deaths, with only 15.5 percent
request of necropsy, and in only10.1 percent of the cases the
necropsy was realized. Thus, the objective of this study was
to investigate the reasons alleged by the legal guardians of
the patients, to disbelieve the necropsy. To this end, it was
used the methodology of documentary research, with analysis
of the files by the Social Service Division of the
HUNRP/UEL. The number of deaths had been raised, the
amount of requested necropsies, the authorized, unauthorized
and the alleged motives given for the not authorization. The
answers were listed in nine categories. The three main claims
were: "family doesn't want to touch the body", with 26.7
percent, followed by "family finds unnecessary" with 23.9
percent, and "delay in the release of the body", with 20.6
percent. The results allow inferring that there is a
misinformation about the examination, leading those
responsible for the patients not to authorize their achievement,
collaborating to the decline of this procedure as a method of
clinical research. Further studies are needed to better
understand this panorama.
IFAA2014-3-021
On the suitability of thiel cadavers for natural
orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes) –
surgical training, feasibility studies and anatomical
education
Andrea Porzionato1, Lino Polese2, Emanuele
Lezoche3, Veronica Macchi1, Gloria Sarasin 1, Edgardo
Enrico Edoardo Picardi1, Giovanni
Lezoche4, Gianfranco Da Dalt2, Carla Stecco1, Lorenzo
Norberto2, Stefano Merigliano2, Raffaele De Caro1
1
Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular
Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; 2Department of
Surgical-Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences,
University of Padova, Italy; 3Department of General Surgery,
Surgical Specialities and Organ Transplantation Paride
Stefanini, University of Rome, Italy;4Department of
Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University
of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
* rdecaro@unipd.it
Surgical training is essential for minimally invasive surgery.
Thiel cadavers are suitable for laparoscopy, but there are few
data about the use of embalmed (Tuscht method) and slightly
embalmed (Thiel method) cadavers in procedures of Natural
Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). The aim
of this study was to assess the use of these cadavers for
NOTES approaches. The following surgical procedures were
evaluated: transanal total mesorectal excision, transanal
ileorectal by-pass and transvaginal appendectomy. The Thiel
method ensured tissue flexibility and consistency suitable for
performing the above surgical procedures with good results
and without complications, with only a small increase in
rigidity with respect to fresh specimens. Cadavers embalmed
with higher formalin concentrations (Tuscht method) were
more difficult to use, due to high tissue rigidity and resistance
of the abdominal wall to pneumoperitoneum, although
NOTES accesses were possible. Thiel cadavers are suitable
for transanal/transrectal and transvaginal NOTES approaches,
for training surgical residents/specialists and also for surgical
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91
research. In minimally invasive surgery (and particularly in
NOTES), integration between cadaver (fresh frozen and/or
Thiel) and animal models would represent the gold standard.
NOTES approaches to human cadavers may also be proposed
for the anatomical education of medical students.
IFAA2014-3-022
ROle of the fasciae in the morton’s neuroma
NAA/Cr ratio, was significantly increased in the SPS groups
compared with the control group. Our findings examined loss
of neuronal and glial cells within the hippocampus of SPS
rats in vivo and in vitro, which is related with hippocampal
dysfunction and abnormal morphology in the PTSD. It
suggested that neurons and glial cells are likely to play a
major role in pathological changes in the brain after PTSD.
IFAA2014-3-024
Carla Stecco1, Veronica Macchi1, Andrea
Porzionato1, Ilaria Fantoni1, Carlo Biz2, Raffaele De
Caro1
Withdraw.
IFAA2014-3-025
Morphological changes in human salivary glands in
type 2 diabetic status
1
stitute of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular
Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; 2Orthopedic Clinic,
Department of Surgical-Oncological and
Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
*rdecaro@unipd.it
Maria Alberta Lilliu, Paola Solinas, Margherita Cossu,
Francesco Loy, Raffaella Isola, Michela Isola
Morton's disease is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal
plantar nerve, which may cause extreme pain and disability.
Microscopically, the affected nerve presents extensive
concentric perineural fibrosis. The treatment is generally the
neurectomy, but recently, some surgeons have suggested that
it is sufficient to cut the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
(DTML) that connects the 3rd and 4th metatarsals in order to
splay the webspace. Also some rehabilitation techniques
affirm that modifying the perineural connective tissue
improves the symptoms of the patients. We have dissected 15
feet and analyzed 30 MRI to evaluate the relationships of the
nerve with the DTML and with the deep fasciae of the foot.
The data confirms that the bifurcation of the common digital
nerve of the foot in the second and third webspace is always
distal to the DTML. Around the nerve, concentric layers of
fibrous and loose connective tissue create a protection for the
nerve. This arrangement of the perineural tissue may be
compared to a "telescope" and may allow compliance
between nerve and foot during walking. Clinically, a
thickening of fibrosis of the perineural connective tissue
could decrease this "sliding system", exposing the nerve to
mechanical effects of load during walking and causing the
symptoms.
IFAA2014-3-023
Loss of neurons and glial cells of the hippocampus
in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Fang Han, Yuxiu Shi
PTSD laboratory, Department of Histology and
Embryology,China Medical University,Shenyang city, China
*hanfang2000@hotmail.com
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of
Cytomorphology , University of Cagliari
* misola@unica.it
In diabetic subjects with controlled glycemia and no signs of
sialadenosis, salivary flow and composition are normal, and
a normal histology of salivary glands is expected. Previous
studies suggested that both morphological and functional
changes occur even in these cases, but data on this topic are
scanty and conflicting. This study is based on the evaluation
of morphological changes in salivary glands of patients with
well controlled diabetes and without evident salivary
malfunctions. Submandibular and parotid pieces from
diabetics and non-diabetics were processed for light (LM),
electron transmission (TEM)
and scanning (HRSEM)
microscopy. In TEM and LM images the dimension of
serous acini, secretory granules, mitochondria was recorded.
In HRSEM images, the density (number/μm2) of microvilli,
microbuds, and protrusions in the cytoplasmic side of
membrane was calculated. Evaluation of LM and TEM
images revealed an enlargement of serous acini and granules,
and a reduction of mitochondrial size in submandibular gland.
Evaluation of HRSEM images revealed that diabetics
submadibular and parotid glands had a significantly increased
density of protrusions, and a reduction of microvilli. Our
results show that diabetes causes significant changes in
human glands even when glycemia is well controlled and
clinical signs of gland malfunctions are absent. The
differences between parotid and submandibular possibly
reflect slightly different metabolic activities and different
responsiveness to circulating substances such as glucose.
IFAA2014-3-026
Previous study has shown that PTSD is associated with
abnormal hippocampus activation. Nevertheless, progressive
‘real-time’ changes in vivo induced by SPS remain underexplored. In the present study, The neurometabolite change
occurring in the hippocampus were investigated using in vivo
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Change
of neurons and glial cells was examined by
immunofluorescence histochemistry, western blotting and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The significant
reductions in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and
choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the hippocampus of
SPS rats were found. Also, the Cho/Cr ratio, but not the
Hair shaft alterations in the loose anagen hair
syndrome: An ultra-structural study
F. Pinar Turkmenoglu1*, U. Baran Kasirga2, H. Hamdi
Celik 2
1
. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmaceutical Botany, Turkey 2Hacettepe University,
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Turkey
fpt@hacettepe.edu.tr
Loose anagen hair syndrome (LAHS) is a genetic disorder
and characterized by morphologically abnormal anagen hairs.
Hair is thinned in appearance and typically does not grow
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beyond the nape of the neck and characteristically can easily
and painlessly be pulled or plucked out of the scalp. LAHS
primarily affects children but occurrence in adults has also
been reported. Although the pathogenesis of LAHS has not
been completely identified yet, the main defect is presumed
to be abnormal adhesion between the cuticle of the inner root
sheath and the cuticle of the hair shaft. Mutations in keratin
K6hf of the companion layer of the hair follicle have been
found in only some patients with LAHS, suggesting that
mutations of other keratins of the inner root sheet may play a
role. The aim of this study is determining ultra-structural
changes of the hairs that obtained from the patients with
LAHS by light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The
hair specimens obtained from three children diagnosed LAHS
and aged between 3 to 6. Set of 12 hairs specimen from each
patient was examined. Those various abnormal structural
changes detected in this study might broaden the phenotypic
spectrum of LAHS and that may be correlated with variations
in molecular mutations.
IFAA2014-3-027
Brush strokes only can reveal it? Defining certain
ultra-structural alterations in hairs of Friedreich’s
Ataxia patients as a promising pre-diagnostic
approach.
F. Pinar Turkmenoglu1*, U. Baran Kasirga 2
1
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmaceutical Botany, Turkey 2Hacettepe University,
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Turkey
fpt@hacettepe.edu.tr
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive
inherited disorder that causes progressive damage to the
nervous system resulting in symptoms ranging from gait
disturbance and speech problems to heart disease and
diabetes. FRDA, although rare, is the most prevalent
inherited ataxia, affecting about 1 in every 50,000-125,000
people in Western European populations. The majority of
FRDA cases are caused by an expansion mutation of (GAA)n
trinucleotide repeats within the first intron of the FXN gene
which encodes the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Literature
survey revealed that, structural changes in the hair of patients
with FRDA was not demonstrated before. In this study, as a
part of our ongoing studies on FRDA, light and scanning
electron microscopic (SEM) features of hair of 4 FRDA
patients in different stage of the ataxia were examined and
discussed. A set of 12 scalp hairs specimen from each patient
was collected during 2011 and 2014. According to our
results, certain ulta-structural hair alterations were
differentiated by the time along with increasing neurologic
symptoms in that 3 years period. Consequently, ultrastructural hair alterations recognized in this study indicate
that FRDA might affect the hair structure and SEM
examination of those hairs can be considered as a very
effective and specific, perhaps a pre-diagnostic tool for
FRDA.
C3554
Morphological structural changes in umbilical
vessels of fetus in patients with pregnancy induced
hypertension
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Lan Yh1, Yang Z1, Huang Mm2, Qi Yl3, Niu Hy1*
1
Morphological Laboratory, 2Gynecological department of
Affiliated Hospital,3Department of Histology and
Embryology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199,
China.
*2341933@qq.com
To study morphological structural changes for different
segment umbilical vessels of fetus in patients with pregnancy
induced hypertension (PIH), and explore relationship
between PIH and umbilical vessels. 36 umbilical cords from
fetus of pregnant women without and with PIH (17 cases, 19
controls) were collected, and take umbilical cord of placental,
middle, and fetal segment to routine dehydration, embedding,
section and stain. In the cases 9 women had mild
preeclampsia, 6 had severe preeclampsia and 4 had
eclampsia. Microscope images were obtained by digital
microscope, and lumen diameter, wall thickness and wallluminal ratio of different segment umbilical vein and arteries
were tested by computer image analysis software. The test
results were analyzed and compared. From the placental end
to the fetal end, the lumen diameter and wall-luminal ratio
gradually decreased, and wall thickness gradually increased
in the umbilical vein and arteries (P<0.05). Compared to
normal pregnant women, the lumen diameter and wallluminal ratio decreased, and wall thickness increased in
patients with PIH, and the above changes aggravated by
disease severity (P<0.05). PIH is associated with structural
changes in the umbilical vessels. These changes are more
predominant in the vein than in the artery and most obvious
in the fetal end.
C3567
The role of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel
(Kir4.1) in the inner ear
Jing Chen
Department of Morphology, Medical College of China Three
Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R.China, 443002
The KCNJ10 gene which encodes an inwardly rectifying K+
channel Kir4.1 subunit plays an essential role in the inner ear
and hearing.Mutations or knockout of KCNJ10 abolish
endocochlear potential (EP) leading to deafness. Kir4.1 is
found strongly expressed on the apical membrane of
intermediate cells in the stria vascularis and in the satellite
cells of cochlear ganglia. Functionally, Kir4.1 has critical
roles in the cochlear development and hearing through two
distinct aspects of extracellular K+ homeostasis: First, it
participates in the generation and maintenance of EP and high
K+ concentration in the endolymph inside the scala media.
Second, Kir4.1 is the major K+channel in glial cells
surrounding spiral ganglion neurons to sink expelled K+ ions
by the ganglion neurons during excitation. The research
focuses on the locations, developmental expression, and
function of Kir4.1 potassium channels in the inner ear and
hearing, and also provides insight for understanding the
pathogenesis of deafness induced by KCNJ10 mutations and
deficiency.
C3568
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93
Principle of relative positioning of structures in the
human body
Institute of Morphological Research, North Sichuan Medical
College, Nanchong 637007, Sichuan, China
Buliang Meng1, Ailan Pang2
To study the effects of the L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) on
the number of microglias in the rat spinal gray matter. 20 rats
were subjected to unilateral tight ligation of the L5 spinal
nerve (SNL group),13 rats were to sham-operation (shamoperated group). 7 and 28 days postoperation, the spinal cord
L5 segment was removed,and the paraffin-embedded sections
were prepared and stained with Iba-1 (microglia marker)
immunohistochemistry. Microglia numbers in the spinal gray
matter qualitatively observed on the operated side were
compared with the contralateral non-operated side. Different
degrees of increase in the microglia number was found on the
operated sides compared with the non-operated sides, and the
increase appeared to be more marked in the SNL group than
the sham-operated group, especially at 7 days. The increase
of the microglia numbers, which will be further studied with
quantitative (stereological) methods, might result partly from
SNL-induced neuropathic pain, partly from post-operational
local inflammation.
1
Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology,
Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan
Province, China; 2Department of Neurology, First Affiliated
Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032,
Yunnan Province, China
The arrangement of various biological structures should
generally ensure the safety of crucial structures and increase
their working efficiency; meanwhile, other principles
governing the relative positions of structures in humans have
not been reported. The present study therefore investigated
other principles using nerves and their companion vessels in
the human body as an example. Nerves and blood vessels
usually travel together and in the most direct way towards
their targets. Human embryology, histology, and gross
anatomy suggest that there are many possible positions for
these structures during development. However, for
mechanical reasons, tougher or stronger structures should
take priority. Nerves are tougher than most other structures,
followed by arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Nerves
should therefore follow the most direct route, and be
followed by the arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. This
general principle should be applicable to all living things.
C3636
Xiaoguang Wu, Guangxin Miao
Chengde Medical College, Sichuan, China
To study the impact of TFHL on cerebral ischemia and its
mechanism in rats. Eighty male SD rats were randomly
divided into sham group, model group, TFHL group and
Ginkgo leaf group. Chronic cerebral ischemia rat model was
prepared by bilateral carotid artery ligation. Ginkgo leaf
group was given gingko leaf 6.5 mg/kg, TFHL group was
given hawthorn leaves flavonoids 140 mg/kg to lavage. PI3K
and Akt protein expressions were detected by
immunohistochemical method. Water content of brain tissue
was detected by dry-wet method. Brain barrier permeability
was measured by formamide method blood. Compared with
the model group, PI3K and Akt proteins in Ginkgo group and
TFHL group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The brain
tissue water content and EB content were significantly
decreased (P<0.05). TFHL has certain protective effect on
ischemic brain injury. Its mechanism may be related to
regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Effects of spinal nerve ligation on the number of
microglias in the rat spinal gray matter: a
preliminary qualitative observation
1
1
2
Xiaoli Huang , Jing Chen , Zhengwei Yang , Bin
Peng1
Co-culturing human mesenchymal stem cells and
endothelial cells on silk scaffold promoting
microvascular-like structure formation in vitro
Guofeng Wei, Jiwen Wang, Xiangdong Li
Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
116023
Effect of total flavones of hawthorn leaf (TFHL) on
PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in brain tissue of
cerebral ischemia rats
C3678
C3696
Bioengineering three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like structure
in vitro plays a central role in the field of tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine. In the past two decades, many
advances have been made in reconstructing different types of
3D culture models in vitro; however, it is still challenging to
generate some vascular-like structures within those cultures
to address the issue of the limited mass transport during the
3D cultivation in vitro. This is important because the
situation of mass transport within a culture system not only
determines cells’ viability but also influences their
functionality profoundly. In the present study, we reported a
co-culture system with hMSCs and endothelial cells (ECs)
incorporation on silk scaffold, in which more vascular-like
structures was generated after one week of cultivation in
vitro. An improved functionality of ECs was also observed
evidenced by their enhanced uptake of acetylated-LDL. Thus,
we concluded that the unique co-culture system could
promote ECs differentiation and self-assembling in vitro. It
might provide a robust tool for the vascularized-based tissue
engineering in future.
C3718
A study on morphological changes of degenerate
nucleus pulposus cells in human
Amei Chen1, Weiming Xu2, Mingyu Cui1 , He En1, Na
Qin1
1
Department of histology Inner mongolia medical university
the Affiliated Hospital Inner Mongolia Medical university
2
To detect the Morphological changes of degenerative cervical
or lumbar disc herniation(DDH) . 34 Samples of DDH were
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
examined using HEˈ MASSON and TUNEL staining for
assessing cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. In
addition, SEM was used for assessing ultrastructural changes
Nucleus pulposus Tissue rupture, vascularization and 60%
apoptotic disc cells, fiber proliferation and cartilage cell
proliferation in clusters ,some‘ballooned cells’were
observedin DDH.The collagen fiber rupture and the relative
contact fiber ring and structure denseness and proliferation of
collagen fiber and active cell synthesis were observed in
DDH under SEM. The primary pathological processes are
tissue rupture and cells in clusters infiltration, and collagen
fiber rupture and the relative contact fiber ring are the main
reaction in IVD. some‘ballooned cells’ in the degenerated
nucleus pulposus may be a pathway reaction of stress.
C3781
Increased hypothalamus–pituitary trefoil factor
3(TFF3) expression may promote gastric ulcer
healing in a rat model
Jingfang Wu1,2, Junx Ren2,Li Li1, Fulu Gao1*
1
Department of histology and embryology of Hebei Medical
University 050017,2 Hebei North University, HeBei
Province,P.R.China.
Previous studies suggested the hypothalamus–pituitary
system (HPS) controls gastric contractions and aggravate
stress-caused gastric ulcers.We hypothesized whether
endogenous TFF3 in HPS can promote gastric ulcers
heal.Young male rats were assigned to experimental gastric
ulcer group,saline control group and control group.TFF3
expression in hypothalamus and pituitary of three groups
were assessed by IHC,ISH,RT-PCR,and content of TFF3 in
blood serum were detected by ELISA.TFF3signal was seen in
the PVN, SON,neuropituitary and adenopituitary 24 hrs after
gastric ulcers,increasing to its highest level on day 6.The
transcriptional of TFF3mRNA also up-regulated in
hypothalamus and pituitary and to its highest on day 6.Serum
TFF3 levels showed the highest on day 6.We concluded HPS
TFF3 which gradually increased may play a key role in
gastric ulcer healing.
C3820
Improvement of cerebral ischmia- reperfusion
model making method in mice
Guangyi Li, Jie Zeng, Juan Zhao
Department of Human AnatomyˈChangsha Medical
College Changsha 410219 China
In the process of fabricating cerebral ischemia reperfusion
model (MCAO) in mouse, we open the mouse cerebral blood
vessel with silver needle instead of scissors and suture is
dealt with insulating board rather than with paraffin or rubber
as before. By using the improved technology to make
cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mouse (MCAO),it
reduces the cerebrovascular injury and enhances the success
of moulding ischemia reperfusion model in mouse
(MCAO).The new advancement establishes an animal model
which is more practical for clinical operation as well as more
simple, stable and widely applied
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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C3851
Expression of the forkhead box protein P1 in
minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of cervix
Qin Yang, Wei Jiang
Chengdu Medical Colledge, Suchuan China
Mucinous minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) is a
rare highly differentiated tumor of uterine cervix. Expression
of forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) is considered to be
associated with the progression of tumors. The purpose of
this study is to detect the FOXP1 expression in MDA and
evaluate its possible role in the diagnosis of MDA. 22 MDA
cases and 20 control cases consisting of 10 cases of lobular
endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH) and 10 cases of
normal endocervical tissue were included in this study. All
available clinical data were collected and immuostaining for
FOXP1,CEA, HMFG1, ER and PR .The nuclear/cytoplasmic
expression of FOXP1 was found in 18/22 MDA cases while
in 1/20 control cases, which showed statistical
significance. The significant expression of FOXP1 in MDA
may be helpful in the pathological diagnosis of cervical
MDA. A widened observation range and further researches
are needed to elucidate the potential mechanism.
C3913
Effects of ovariectomy on noradrenaline signaling
between the locus ceruleus and hypothalamus
Wenjuan Wang*, Biao Jin, Ke Wang, Lihua QinƸ
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University
Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian
District, Beijing, China
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of
ovariectomy on noradrenalinergic (NEergic) pathway from
locus ceruleus(LC) to preoptic area of hypothalamus(POAH),
to explore the possible mechanism of menopause. Eighteen
rats were randomly, equably divided into SHAM group,
OVX group and OVX+E2(estradiol-17beta) group. Two
weeks after ovariectomy surgery, rats were given
corresponding drug for four weeks. Frozen sections were
detected by immunohistochemistry. Noradrenalinergic alpha1 receptors and dopamine beta hydroxylase fibers in POAH
and the numbers of LC neurons and ER-Į-positive cells in
LC were decreased in OVX group compared with SHAM
group. After treatment with E2, LC neurons and ER-Įpositive cells in LC and dopamine beta hydroxylase fibers,
noradrenalinergic alpha-1 receptors in POAH were increased
(P>0.05). This indicated that ovariectomy had an effect on
the noradrenaline signaling between LC and POAH . The
change of noradrenalinergic synthesis and its alpha-1
receptors in the POAH may play a key role in menopausal
symptoms.
C3914
Effect of low oestrogen on neurones in the preoptic
area of hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats
Wenjuan Wang*, Biao Jin , Ke Wang, Lihua Qinᇞ
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
95
Medical College, China Three Gorges University; Yichang
443002, P. R. China
Anatomy and Embryology Department, Beijing University
Health Science Center, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian
District, Beijing, China
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the
activation of hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers, brought
about by low levels of circulating ovarian steroids.
Ovariectomized and sham-operated rats were placed in
different temperatures for 2 hours. C-Fos expression in
preoptic area of the hypothalamus was detected by
immunohistochemistry. Following exposure to warm and
cold stimuli, stronger C-Fos expression was observed in
preoptic area. There were markedly lower C-Fos-positive cell
densities in the ovariectomized group compared with sham
group in median preoptic nucleus at 4°C, 10°C, 33°C, and
38°C, in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus at 4°C and 38°C, in
medial preoptic area at 25°C and 38°C, and in ventromedial
preoptic nucleus at 4°C, 10°C, and 38°C. Depending on the
temperature stimuli, C-Fos expression was different within
different nuclei of the 2 groups. This indicates that
temperature-sensitive nuclei in the preoptic area exhibit
different activities during temperature stimulations following
ovariectomy, possibly resulting in abnormal thermoregulation
and menopausal symptoms.
C3916
Because of high tumor incidence in the world, related
research of anti-tumor drugs has been carried out widely and
deeply, such as molecular targeted drugs, natural products
and gene therapy etc... In the study of anticancer drugs, in
addition to its main mechanism research, morphological
changes induced by drugs in tumor cells are also important
aspects. The morphology is mainly to use a variety of optical
microscope, fluorescence microscope and electron
microscope to observe the change of cell size, cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles, also can observe the
changed situation of biological macromolecules by specific
immunological techniques. It’s the key to use the electron
microscope to identify the qualitative effects on cell
apoptosis, which usually focuses on the changes of cell
ultrastructure morphology, providing the direct evidence for
the apoptosis occurrence. However, electron microscopy is
rarely used in the quantitative effects on cell apoptosis; here
we introduce one new method of selecting the copper grids
by random and then counting the number of the apoptotic
cells and finally applying for the statistical analysis of the
certain apoptosis rate.
C3997
Distribution of UT-B in the rat brain and changed
expression after traumatic brain injury
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in
anxiety during menopause
Xue Zhang, Hongkai Wang, Jianhua Ran
Wenjuan Wang*, Ke Wang, Lihua QinƸ
Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, 400016
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University
Health Science Center, Beijing, China
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST) contains the
highest concentration of noradrenaline(NE) and a large
amount of serotonin(5-HT) in the brain. Both NE and 5-HT
play a key role in anxiety. Our purpose was to observe the
effect of ovariectomy on noradrenalinergic and
serotoninergic fibers and their receptors in BNST, to
investigate the possible mechanism of anxiety during
menopause. Eighteen rats were randomly, equably divided
into SHAM group, OVX group and OVX+E2(estradiol17beta) group. Two weeks after ovariectomy surgery, rats
were given corresponding drug for four weeks. Frozen
sections were detected by immunohistochemistry. The
density of noradrenalinergic and serotoninergic fibers
projecting to BNST and the numbers of Į1-adrenergic and 5HT1A receptor-positive cells in BNST decreased, and 5HT2A receptor-positive cells increased in OVX group
compared with SHAM group. In OVX+E2 group, density of
noradrenalinergic and serotoninergic fibers and numbers of
Į1-adrenergic and 5-HT1A receptor-positive cells increased
and 5-HT2A receptor-positive cells decreased. The change of
NE, 5-HT and their receptors in BNST may be an important
mechanism for menopause anxiety.
C3983
One semi-quantitative research method with
electron microscope
Wenfeng Huang
Urea transporters B (UT-B) is a specific membrane
transporter in astrocytes with unavailable morphology
research of UT-B. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot
were performed to describe the cellular localization and
expression level changes of UT-B after traumatic brain injury
(TBI) for delving its function in brain. We mainly
demonstrate that UT-B is expressed extensively both in
neurons and glias in central nervous system. Moreover, UT-B
is also expressed by neurons in cerebral cortex, substantia
nigra, habenula, lateral inferior nucleus of thalamus and by
glias in hippocampus as well as in the white-matter fiber
tracts. The number of UT-B-positive neurons had been
elevating over time, reaching the peak at 24h then decreased
after TBI. Meanwhile, the intensity of immunoreactivity has
been changing with the number of UT-B-positive neurons
proportionally. The results indicated that urea concentration
should elevate due to faster synthesis of polyamines after
TBI. Thus, we infer that variation of UT-B expression in
ipsilateral cortex near the site of injury after TBI is an
adaptive modulation for constantly changing urea level.
C4014
Loss of the myelinated fibers in the corpus callosum
of the mouse model of schizophrenia induced by
MK-801
Yun Xiu, Xiangru Kong, Lei Zhang, Fenglei Chao,
Quan Qiu, Yuan Gao, Chunxia Huang, Sanrong Wang,
Yong Tangγ
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Institute of Life Science and Department of Histology and
Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, P. R. China
Previous MRI and DTI imaging studies have suggested that
the corpus callosum (CC) volume and fractional anisotropy
(FA) in CC were decreased in schizophrenia patients.
However, the mechanism of these abnormalities has been less
studied. In the current study, using the new stereological
methods, ultrastructural changes of the myelinated fibers in
the CC of schizophrenia animal model were investigated. The
results demonstrated that there were a series of abnormalities
of the myelinated fibers in the mouse model of schizophrenia,
including myelin sheath lamellae splitting and segmental
demyelination. The CC volume and the total length of the
myelinated fibers in the CC of schizophrenia group were
significantly decreased by 9.4% and 16.8% when compared
to control group. In conclusion, the loss of the myelinated
fibers in the CC of the mouse model of schizophrenia might
contribute to the impaired white matter integrity of CC.
C4015
months. Then, the behaviors of the mice from both groups
were assessed with the Morris water maze, and the related
quantitative parameters of the myelinated fibers in DG of
hippocampus were investigated with the unbiased
stereological techniques and electron microscope technique.
The learning and spatial memory ability, the total length and
total volume of the myelinated nerve fibers in DG of
hippocampus in running mice were significantly higher than
those in control mice. The results indicated that running
exercise had positive effects on the myelinated fibers in DG
of AD hippocampus, which might be one of the structural
bases for the running-induced improvement of the learning
and spatial memory ability. These results together
demonstrated that running exercise could delay the progress
of AD.
C4076
Exercise protects the cognitive function and the
white matter in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse
The white matter changes are involved in the
pathological process of depression
Lei Zhang, Fenglei Chao, Lin Jiang, Chunni Zhou, Yi
Zhang, Yun Xiu, Yuan Gao, Chunxia Huang, Jin Ma,
Sanrong Wang, Yong Tang*
Yuan Gao, Chunxia Huang, Lei Zhang,Yun Xiu,
Fenglei Chao, Linmu Chen, Feifei Wang, Chuanxue
Tan ,Jin Ma, Sanrong Wang,Yong Tangγ
Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University
Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital,
Department. of Histology and Embryology, the Basic Medical
College, Chongqing Medical University, P. R. China
Previous neuroimage studies suggested that the white matter
changes might be involved in the pathological process of
depression. However, until now, there has been no study that
has quantitatively investigated the white matte changes in
depression. In the current study, the classic animal model of
depression, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model
of depression was used, and the new stereological methods
and electron microscope technique were used to investigate
the white matter changes in CUMS model of depression. We
found that the white matter volume, the total volume, total
length and mean diameter of the myelinated fibers in the
white matter of CUMS male rats were significantly decreased
when compared to control rats. The present results indicated
that the white matter changes were involved in the
pathological process of depression.
C4036
Running exercise increases the myelinated fibers in
DG of hippocampus in APP/PS1 transgenic AD
mouse
Fenglei Chao, Lei Zhang, Chunni Zhou, Yi Zhang, Lin
Jiang, Fulin Lv, Yanmin Luo, Qian Xiao, Qi He, Jing
Ma, Yong Tang*
Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
In the current study, 6-month-old male APP /PS1 AD
transgenic mice were randomly divided into running group
and control group. The running group mice ran for four
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Until now, whether exercise could delay the cognitive decline
and structural changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not
fully understood. Therefore, the effects of exercise on
cognitive function and the white matter of male APP/PS1
transgenic mice were investigated. We found that compared
to non-exercise group, the escape latency of exercise group
was significantly shortened and the target zone frequency of
exercise group were significantly increased in Morris water
maze test. Furthermore, using the new stereological methods,
we also found that the white matter volume, myelinated fiber
volume and axon volume in the white matter of exercise
group were significantly increased compared to non-exercise
group. Our results suggested that exercise intervention could
delay the learning ability decline and improve the memory
function in APP/PS1 mice, and the effect of exercise on the
white matter of AD might be one of the structural bases for
the protective effect of exercise on cognitive function of AD.
C4114
The anatomical exploration of the third cervical
vertebra with the left side of compressive variation
Lunli Xie , Ling Ting ,Qian Li, Lisheng Wen , Wei
Liang ,Shuai Liu ,Changchu Wu.
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, Hunan ,
China
in the Human science and technology museum,we found a
variation: structures of the third cervical vertebra ,and
investigated it through the way of physical anthropology. The
centrum,vertebral foramen,transverse foramen and the right
zygopophysis are normal, but apparently,it has a extremely
stenosic structures of the upper left joint incisure, the left
zygopophysis with the smooth surface of joint and the
evident osteoproliferation is looked like flatten. The results of
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the upper and the lower surface of joint are respective that the
radius vector: (20.00mm,16.20mm), the right: (11.00mm,
10.00mm), the transverse diameter: (25.3mm,24.20mm), the
right (9.20mm,15.20mm). according to the Analysis of the
results,the pathological changes: the left side of the variations
are been compressive , those are also associated with
anabatically bone hyperplasia and left intervertebral foramen
stenosis of cervical. Last but not least we think it can provide
the diagnostic values of the spine surgery and the
rehabilitative testimonies
C4128
Optimization and Application of pathology teaching
methods
vivid image, fun and scientific. Can enhance students' interest
in pathology and learning initiative, cultivation of
independent reading, expression analysis and problem
solving skills. And these are exactly what college students
lack
C4130
Eternal memory
Hanqun Liu, Yun Zhong, Chenwe Guo I, Liangliang
Xiao, Changch Wu U, Yi Hao
Department of PathologyˈInstitute of Basic Medical
SciencesˈChangsha Medical UniversityˈChangsha 410219
ˈHunan China
Yi Hao1, Yun Zhong1, Liangliang Xiao1, Chenwei
Guo1, Jiao Yang1ˈXu Zhang 2
1
Department of PathologyˈInstitute of Basic Medical
SciencesˈChangsha Medical UniversityˈChangsha 410219
ˈHunan China˗2Department of PathologyˈSchool of
Basic Medical SciencesˈLanzhou UniversityˈLanzhou
730000ˈChina
Traditional teaching method can make the students'
enthusiasm decline, so the optimization of pathology teaching
be imperative. Firstly, pathology is a bridge of basic medical
research and clinical medical subject. Therefore, the basic
concept and the pathological change is closely related to
clinical pathological diagnosis. Secondly, pathology is highly
experimental subjects. Experimental course books can be
more intuitive representations of pathological phenomena, so
that students deeply felt those theories and morphological
terminology of the book is no longer so difficult to
understand and voids. Thirdly, multimedia digital
interactive system can be inserted into all kinds of pictures in
the teaching of Pathology. In short, in the teaching of
pathology call multiple channels to raise the enthusiasm of
students, improve teaching methods, but also cultivate
students' ability.
C4129
The Case Teaching Method of Pathology
Yabin Kang1, Yi Hao1, Yun Zhong1, Chenwei Guo1,
Changchu Wu1, Weiping Li2
1
Department of PathologyˈInstitute of Basic Medical
SciencesˈChangsha Medical UniversityˈChangsha 410219
ˈHunan China˗2Department of PathologyˈSchool of
Basic Medical SciencesˈLanzhou UniversityˈLanzhou
730000ˈHunan China
Through case analysis, we can cultivate students' mastery of
knowledge and ability to solve clinical problems, enhance the
practicability of pathology knowledge. Case method of
teaching by the teacher first give a typical cases and for a
number of problems, data a week in advance will be printed
and distributed to students, let students use their spare time to
prepare, collect and analysis data, students in the class around
cases, combining with the textbook content, freestyle debate,
induction, summarized by the teacher again. This method
combined boring theory and real cases, teaching content,
When we study pathology, we need to make full use of the
specimens, and mastering the specimen is fixed, it seems to
be fixed specimens is good just like the eternal memory.
It not only show the original shape, and can be preserved, as
a special memory. Importantly, it convey useful information
to people, it seems to tell people this is a part of the lesions.
Maybe you think that it is not worth mentioning, but it can
help people better understand the disease, and even study it
and conquer it. Take a step back, specimen fixed can help us
remember some of the great man, like the great leader MAO
Zedong. Because we respect him, love him, don't want him
and away from us and want to always remember that he is
just a fixed specimens gave us this opportunity.
C4131
ADAM23’s expression and promoter methylation of
correlation analysis in non-small cell lung cancer
Jiao Yang1, Yi Hao1, Jun Zhang1, Juan Long1, Lun
Song 2
1
Department of PathologyˈInstitute of Basic Medical
SciencesˈChangsha Medical UniversityˈChangsha 410219
ˈChina˗2Department of Cellular ImmunologyˈInstitute of
Basic Medical SciencesˈAcademy of Military Medical
SciencesˈBeijing 100850ˈChina
We use methods of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, for
non-small cell lung cancer in 104 cases with benign lesions
organization ADAM23 the specific expression of 16 patients
with monitoring. Results: ADAM23 protein in non-small cell
lung cancer positive rate was 38.5%, and suitable for tissue
adjacent to carcinoma was 86.5%, the benign lesion tissue
protein positive rate was 87.5% (P < 0.05). ADAM23 protein
expression in non-small cell lung cancer specific not
influenced by the patient's own age and gender, but and nonsmall cell differentiation degree, the actual situation of the
lymph node metastasis and clinical staging have closely
linked. Conclusion: ADAM23 expression levels in non-small
cell lung cancer is relatively low, while ADAM23 in patients
with lung cancer cells transfer has an important influence
C4133
Effects of exercise on the neurons and synapses in
the hippocampus of early APP/PS1 transgenic mice
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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98
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Lin Jiang, Lei Zhang, Fenglei Chao, Chunni Zhou, Yi
Zhang, Chuanxue Tan, Linmu Chen, Feifei Wang,
Yong Tang*
Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical
University, P. R. China
Until now, there has been no study that has quantitatively
investigated the effects of the exercise on the neurons and
synapses of the hippocampus in early AD with the new
stereological methods. In the current study, 6-month-old male
APP /PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into
running group and control group. The running group mice ran
for four months. Then, the behaviors of the mice from both
groups were assessed with the Morris water maze, and the
neurons and hippocampus in hippocampus were investigated
with the new stereological techniques. We found that
compared to non-exercise group, the escape latency of
exercise group was significantly shortened, and the
hippocampus volume in the exercise group was significantly
increased. The present results suggested that exercise could
delay the decline in the learning and spatial memory ability
of early AD. The coming stereological results might provide
important structural bases for the exercise-induced function
improvement of AD
C4138
Stereological study of the effect of running exercise
on the oligodendrocyte change in the white matter
of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice
Yi Zhang, Lei Zhang, Fenglei Chao, Chunni Zhou, Lin
Jiang, Linmu Chen, Chuanxue Tan, Feifei Wang, Yong
Tang*
Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
Our previous studies found that running exercise had positive
effects on the myelin sheaths and oligodendrocytes in aged
white matter. However, it is unknown if running exercise has
positive effect of the white matter of Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). In the present study, fourteen 6-month-old male APP
/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into running
group and control group. The running group mice ran for four
months. Then, the learning and spatial memory ability of the
mice from both groups was assessed with the Morris water
maze. The anti-CNPase antibody was used to label the
oligodendrocytes in the white matter, and the new
stereological methods were used to estimate the
oligodendrocyte number in the white matter. The
stereological investigation is still being done. The coming
results might provide a scientific basis for the future studies
of the protective effects of running exercise on the
pathological changes in AD white matter.
C4153
Expression pattern of draxin in synchronized mouse
vibrissa follicle cycle
Yuchuan Jin, Ping Fan*, Wei Hou, Yuhong Su*
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University,
Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China, 050017
To study the expression pattern of draxin in synchronized
mouse vibrissa follicle cycle. A bee wax/rosin mixture was
used to remove the vibrissa of draxin wild type female mice
and induce follicle cycle synchronization. Eight-week-old
mice were randomly divided into five groups each with six.
The skin samples of time points including 5, 10, 16, 20, 25d
after depilation were collected and subjected to HE
and immunofluorescence staining. HE staining showed that
after depilation, 5, 10 and 16d were at anagen stage, 20d was
at catagen stage and 25d was at telogen stage. The
immunofluorescence results demonstrated that draxin protein
was localized in the dermal papilla (DP) throughout the
follicle cycle. The draxin expression was intensive on 5, 10
and 16d, moderate on 20d and weak on 25d. Time points of
5, 10, 16, 20 and 25d after depilation are at stages of anagen,
catagen and telogen respectively; Draxin expression exists
dynamic changes during follicle cycle.
C4184
Clinicopathological analysis of 89 glioblastoma
Yiran Ni.
Department of Morphology, Medicine school, Three Gorges
University, Yichang ,443002,China
To identify independent prognostic predictors of
Glioblastoma by analyzing immunohistochemical data
together with clinical features. 89 GBM patients were
retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical stain was
performed to test the expression of GFAP, S-100, Vimentin,
P53, Ki-67, MGMT, EMA and CK. Clinical features
included survival time, age, gender, location & size were
collected. All data were evaluated by the Log-rank test and
Cox proportional hazards regression model sequentially. The
average Ki-67 index was 34.8%. Positive rates of P53 and
MGMT were 64.1% and 44.9% respectively. By Cox
proportional hazards regression model, high Ki-67 index and
positive expression of MGMT were demonstrated to
influence prognosis independently. Although P53 positive
was proved to be associated with Survival time, it can't be
considered as an independent prognostic factor. GFAP, S100, Vimentin, EMA and CK failed to indicate any
correlation with prognosis. The prognosis of GBM can ben
predicted with Ki-67 index and expression of MGMT by
Immunohistochemical study which is not only essential for
the diagnosis but also could help to forecast the prognosis
independently.
C4190
Light and scanning electron-microscopic studies on
the yak˄Bos grunniens˅spermatic cord
Ligang Yuan, Yaling Qu, Bumin Huang, Danzeng Tian
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural
University,China
The mammals adapt to the high altitude plateau environment
has its own unique mechanism.By use the methods of
vascular proplasm and replica scanning electron
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
99
microscopic,we studied the angioarchitecture of the Yak (Bos
grunniens) spermatic cord and its functional relationship.The
results for the first time that:1)The convoluted testicular
artery was embedded in the network of the venous
pampiniform plexus and gave off branches to supply the
epididymis;2)The testicular artery and pampinifotm plexus
could be divided into three grades correspondingly; 3)The
close contact between the convoluted testicular arteries and
the pampiniform plexus over a wide surface area aids
counter-current heat exchange and the existence of
arteriovenous anastomoses gives evidence for a venousarterial androgen transfer in the area of the spermatic
cord.From the above,the specific angioarchitectural
characteristics of spermatic cord in Yak are very different
with other mammals.
parameters in the hippocampus were investigated with the
new stereological methods and the immunohistochemical
staining method. We found that when compared to the
CUMS rats, the degrees of depression in CUMSE rats was
significantly decreased. The capillary parameters in the
hippocampus of the three group rats are being collected. Our
preliminary result indicated that exercise could have positive
effect on depression. The coming results of the capillary
parameters in the hippocampus might provide some structural
bases for the exercise-induced improvement of depression.
C4228
Jianming Li, La Yang, Xuegang Luo, Xiaoxin Yan
Effects of exercise on the capillaries in the white
matter of CUMS rat model of depression
C4261
Experimental microembolism induces perivascular
axonal sprouting in adult guinea pig cerebrum
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South
University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013,
Hunan, China
Linmu Chen, Feifei Wang, Chuanxue Tan, Chunxia
Huang, Yuan Gao, Yi Zhang, Jiang Lin, Chunni Zhou,
Yong Tang*
Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical
University, P. R. China
Previous studies have shown the blood flow change in the
white matter of depression patients. Running exercise has
been considered as a behavioral intervention to have positive
effect on depression. However, there has been no study
investigating the effect of exercise on the capillaries in the
white matter of depression. In the current study, Chronic
Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) rat model of depression
was used. The male SD rats were randomly divided into
CUMS group and CUMSE group (the CUMS model rats with
exercise intervention). The behaviors of the two group rats
were assessed with the behavior tests, and the various
capillary parameters in the white matter were investigated
with the new stereological methods. The capillary parameters
in the white matter of the two group rats are being collected.
The present results might provide scientific bases for the
understanding of the pathogenesis of depression and for the
future development of the depression treatment.
In aged and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) human brains, neuritic
plaques composed of ȕ-amyloid (Aȕ) deposits and dystrophic
neurites are located in close proximity to cerebral
vasculature. We have shown that plaque-associated
perivascular dystrophic neurites exhibit increased ȕsecretase-1 (BACE1) expression in aged monkey and AD
human cerebrum. In the present study we aimed to explore
whether localized vascular microembolism could induce
axonal and amyloid pathology in adult guinea pigs. One to 4
weeks following infusion of carbon particles of 200-300
micron in diameter via the common aorta, vascular leakage
was detectable in the cerebrum by iron stain and albumin
immunolabeling. Swollen axonal terminals exhibiting
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase
(NADPH-d) activity were found around the embolized
cerebral blood vessels. Some perivascular axonal terminals
were also immunolabeled for APP and BACE1. However, no
apparent extracellular Aȕ deposition was found around the
injured vasculature. These results suggest that experimental
microembolism can induce axonal pathology with enhanced
amyloidogenic potential. Supported by national natural
science foundation of China
C4300
Characteristics of the ȕ-endorphin immunoreactive
cells in antral mucosa
C4251
Effects of exercise on the capillaries in the
hippocampus of CUMS rat model of depression
Junxu Ren, jing Zhang, Mingguan Song, Haoyu
Wang, Haiping Wang
Chuanxue Tan, Feifei Wang, Linmu Chen, Lin Jiang,
Yi Zhang, Chunni Zhou, Yuan Gao, Chunxia Huang,
Yong Tang*
Basic Medical College of Hebei North University,
Zhangjiakou 075000, P.R.China
Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing
Medical University, P. R. China
In order to determine the effects of exercise on the capillaries
in the hippocampus of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
(CUMS) rat model of depression, the male SD rats were
randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group, the CUMS
group, the CUMSE group (the CUMS model rats with
exercise intervention). The behaviors of the rats from the
three groups were assessed with sucrose preference test,
Porsolt’s test and open field test. The various capillary
The present study was designed to investigate the
characteristics of ȕ-endorphin (ȕ-EP)immunoreaction cells in
antral mucosa by immune election microscope.
Postembedding indirect immuno-gold labelling technique
were used.Antral mucosa tissue obtained from patients with
duodenal ulcer,gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma
respectively were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 0.05%
glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer for 6h at 4 ć ,
followed by postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide,embeded
in Lowicryl K4M,ultrathin sections were double electron
staining with ȕ–EP,SS antiserum as first antibody,the second
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
layer were 10nm & 15nm gold labelled-IgG respectively.Two
cells were show high levels of positive signals,distributed
among the gland cells and contacted with basement
membrane.The nucleus of the cells were located in the center
and nucleole can been seen,an abundant endoplasmic
reticulum and mitchondria with higher dense ground plasm
were found in cells.The secretory granules labelled with
colloidal gold particles usually scattered in basal
cytoplasma,about 200-250nm in diameter,round or ovoid
shape and material of various electron density inside.The
previous study had founed that Ȗ-EP were discovered to be
mainly located in the gastric cells(G-cells) of epithelium.Gcells contain SS peptide,the SS is confined to be a
subpopulation of the G-cells cytoplasmic granules.Since SS
and ȕ–EP are known to be synthesized in the form of a
common precursor,the results indicated that theȕ–EP
immunoreaction cells were parts of G-cells cells.
C4390
The effects of inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane on
spinal nociceptive transmission
Pei Zhou1, Wei Luo1, Cong Luo1, Changqi Li2, Ruping
Dai1
1
Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, 2Department of
Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of
Medicine Central South University, Changsha 410013
Sevoflurane, the widely used anesthetics during surgery, is
believed to involve in pain process. However, the underlying
mechanism is unclear. Spinal p-CREB has been reported to
contribute to pain transmission. The present study was aimed
to explore the effects of sevoflurane on pain transmission
through examining spinal p-CREB expression with
immunohistochemistry. Intra-plantar formalin injection
activated the spinal p-CREB expression immediately,
reaching the peak level at 10min (p<0.001), and decreasing
thereafter, but still higher than control at 1h post-injection
(p<0.001). Sevoflurane anesthesia could inhibit spinal pCREB activation at 1h after formalin injection (p<0.001).
However, sevoflurane alone induced the activation of spinal
p-CREB (p<0.001). In persistent inflammatory pain induced
by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) intra-plantar injection,
spinal p-CREB was also activated and maintained for 3h after
CFA injection (p<0.01). However, treatment with
sevoflurane in the first hour followed by withdrawal
enhanced the activation of p-CREB at 3h post-CFA injection
(p<0.001). Thus, the present study suggests that sevoflurane
exerts different effects on pain transmission in different
situations. In the naïve condition, sevoflurane activates spinal
pain transmission; In contrast, in the inflammatory pain
condition, sevoflurane inhibit the spinal pain transmission.
Understanding the effects of sevoflurane on pain transmission
would have the potential clinical application.
C4438
Single-prolonged stress induces dysfunction of
endoplasmic reticulum by investigating changes of
GRP 78 and caspase 12 in a rat model of
posttraumatic stress disorder
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Bing Xiao, Fang Han, Yuxiu Shi *
China Medical University 110001
Amygdala has been documented to have an important role in
fear and emotional memory. In this study, we aim to find
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whether or not participate in
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by detecting GRP 78
and caspase 12 in basolateral amygdale after exposure to
single-prolonged stress (SPS). A total of 80 healthy, male
Wistar rats were selected for this study. The models of PTSD
were created by SPS, which is an established animal model
for PTSD. The expression of GRP78 was examined by
immunofluorescence, western blot and RT-PCR. The
expression of caspase 12 were examined by western blot and
RT-PCR. The morphological change of ER was detected by
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Evaluation showed
that GRP 78 significantly increased after SPS stimuli and
peaked at SPS 7 d (P<0.05). The expression of caspase 12
significantly increased after SPS stimulation and also peaked
at SPS 7 d (P<0.05). Morphological evaluation showed that
tumescent endoplasmic reticulum, endoplasmic reticulum
vacuolization and degranulation of ER were found at SPS
groups. Taken together, our results suggest that SPS induced
GRP78 and caspase 12 upregulated and morphological
changes of ER in the amygdala, which may play important
roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.
C4520
The changes of the oligodendrocyte and myelin
sheaths in the hippocampal formation of CUMS rat
model of depression
Chunxia Huang, Yuan Gao, Lei Zhang, Yun Xiu, Linmu Chen, Feifei Wang, Chuanxue Tan , Fenglei Chao,
Sanrong Wang, Yong Tangγ
Department of Physiology, the Basic Medical College,
Chongqing Medical University, P. R. China
Previous studies showed that the hippocampal volume was
decreased in patients with major depression and in animal
models of depression. The abnormalities in hippocampal
structures may be one of the important neurobiological bases
of depression. Researchers found reduced number of glial
cells in the cortex and amygdale of major depressive
disorder, while no change was found in the neuron numbers
of these regions. Is it possible that in the hippocampal
formation of depression, there is no significant death of
neurons, but there exists the oligodendrocyte and myelin
damage? Using the new stereological methods, we
investigated the oligodendrocyte and myelin changes of the
hippocampal formation of chronic unpredictable mild stress
model (CUMS) rats. The present results might provide
scientific bases for the understanding of the pathogenesis
changes of depression and a new starting point for the future
studies on the prevention and treatment of depression.
IFAA2014-4-001
Fractionation and characterization of protein in
Lumbricus rubellus powders
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
101
*bing@smu.edu.cn
Edy Parwanto, Suweino, Hardy Senjaya, Hosea Jaya
Edy
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
*Edy.Parwanto@gmail.com
In order to find drugs from natural materials, earthworm
powders (Lumbricus rubellus) can be used as a source of
protein and antibacterial drugs. The purpose of this study do
fractionation and characterization of protein in L rubellus
powders based on molecular weight. Protein in L rubellus
powders extracted gradually to obtain a rough
extract/supernatant, precipitat and dialysat as final extract.
Fractionation and characterization of protein in the crude
extract, precipitat and dialysat is done by electrophoresis. In
the dialysat fractions containing 2487 mg/mL proteins, and
show four dominant types of proteins with a molecular
weight of 12.2, 13.3, 14.6 and 29.2 kDa.
IFAA2014-4-002
The Adipose Organ
Saverio Cinti
Dpt of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of
Ancona, Italy.
*cinti@univpm.it
Both advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play important roles in the
development of various diseases. The concomitant presence
of AGEs with ER stress in the same conditions suggests their
crosstalk in the progression of diseases associated with
oxidative stress. This study aimed to clarify the inflammatory
consequence of AGEs-induce ER stress in human umbilical
venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression and
activation of ER stress marker proteins GRP78, IRE1Į and
JNK were detected by Western blot. The translocation of NFțB was revealed by Western blot and immunofluorescent
staining. The mechanism of AGE-induced ER stress was also
explored by interfering the effect of reactive oxygen species
using NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and antioxidant reduced
glutathione (GSH). AGEs enhanced the expression of GRP78
and triggered the activation of IRE1Į and JNK in HUVECs.
Nox4 siRNA or GSH attenuated AGE-induced expression of
GRP78 and activations of IRE1Į, JNK. Nox4 siRNA, GSH
and IRE1Į siRNA suppressed AGE-evoked nuclear
translocation of NF-țB p65. This study confirms AGEinduced ER stress in HUVECs by focusing on ER stressenhanced inflammatory response through the activation of
JNK and NF-țB. It further reveals the involvement of ROS in
the mechanism of AGE-evoked ER stress.
IFAA2014-4-004
Aqueous extract of melia toosendan induces A549
cell apoptosis via p53
Most of white and brown adipocytes, in spite of their
different functions: storing energy (white) and thermogenesis
(brown), are contained together in visceral and subcutaneous
fat depots (adipose organ) . The reason for this anatomical
mixture could reside in their plastic properties allowing them
to convert directly each other under appropriate stimuli.
Under chronic cold exposure white convert into brown to
support the need for thermogenesis and under obesogenic diet
brown convert into white to satisfy the need of energy
storing. Adipocytes of mammary gland offers another
example of plasticity: during pregnancy- lactation they
reversibly transdifferentiate into milk-producing cells . The
brown phenotype of the organ is associated with obesity
resistance and drugs inducing browning curb obesity and
related disorders. Type2 diabetes is associated to visceral
obesity. Macrophages infiltrating the obese organ are
responsible for the low-grade chronic inflammation dealing
to insulin resistance and T2 diabetes. We showed that
macrophages infiltration is due to death of obese adipocyte.
We also showed that hypertrophic adipocytes have
ultrastructural and biochemical signs of stress. Visceral
adipocytes are more stressed than subcutaneous adipocytes
and have a critical death size smaller than subcutaneous
adipocytes, thus offering an explanation for the higher
morbidity of visceral fat.
Melia toosendan is an important drug in Mongolian medicine.
Extracts of M. toosendan show biological activity, and the
present study was carried out to investigate the anti-tumor
properties of M. toosendan in A549 lung cells and to further
examine the mechanisms underlying its activities. Inhibition
of A549 cell growth by aqueous extract of M. toosendan was
determined using an MTT assay. At a concentration of 2000
ȝg/ml, aqueous extract of M. toosendan strongly inhibited the
growth of A549 cells at 48 and 72 h. In addition, A549 cell
expression of Bcl-2 was reduced and that of Bax was
increased with exposure to aqueous extract of M. toosendan.
Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that M.
toosendan deserves further investigation as a natural agent for
treating and preventing cancer.
IFAA2014-4-003
IFAA2014-4-005
Advanced glycation end products induce endothelial
dysfunction in the development of diabetic
microvascular complication
Vascular endothelial growth factor as a
consequential marker in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
Lili Wu, Liqun Wang, Xiaohua Guo, Bo Chen, Qiang
Li
Anita Tuli1, Manisha Hansda2, Shashi Raheja3, Asha
Gandhi4, Anupam Prakash5
Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical
University. Guangzhou, China.
1
Yunpeng Tian1, Limin Yang1, Peng Sun1, Ruixia
Bai2, Mingji Ren1, Pengwei Zhao1
1
School of basic medical science, Inner Mongolia Medical
University,hohhot, PR china; 2Department of Clinical
laboratory, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital. Hohhot, PR
China.
*pengwzhao@126.com
department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College
And Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India;
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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102
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
2
department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College
And Smt.Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India;
3
department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical Collegeand
Smt.Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India;
4
department of Physiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College
And Smt.Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi, India;
5
department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
And Smt.Sucheta Kriplani Hospital,New Delhi , India.
*dranitatuli@gmail.com
To correlate the Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
(VEGF) levels, Functional Dyspnoea Indices and thoracic
diameters of the chest in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease patients and healthy individuals in the Indian
scenario and establish the relationship between VEGF and
Functional Dyspnoea Indices. The study comprised of two
hundred subjects within the age group of twenty and sixty.
Group A comprised of hundred healthy subjects and Group B
were hundred known cases of COPD from the out-patient
department of the Pulmonary Unit of the Department of
Medicine. A detailed history was taken . Pulmonary Function
Tests ,measurements of chest diameters, Chest X-ray and
routine blood investigations including Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay for VEGF were done. S.VEGF levels
were statistically significant between the controls and the
cases of COPD ( p value < 0.001 ) A cut-off value of
122.5pg/ml was established using the Receiver Operating
Characteristic Curve. At this point it had a sensitivity of 78%
and a specificity of 32%. The correlation between S.VEGF
and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation(MVV) was statistically
significant. (p value < 0.001) Levels of S.VEGF were more
in COPD and showed a gradual increase with the severity of
the disease. A value above the cut-off level can be considered
to to be a case of COPD. VEGF can be used as a biomarker
to detect early onset of COPD in population studies.
IFAA2014-4-006
Bone surrogates for socket preservation: in vivo and
in vitro studies
Christiane Kunert-Keil, Tomasz Gredes
Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center,
Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
*kunert-keil@hotmail.de
Bone defects caused by different pathological processes such
as bone resorption, inflammation, malformation, tumors or
trauma are still significant clinical problem. For skeletal
reconstruction allografts, callus distraction and mineral bone
substitutes are widely used which differ in stability and
support of osteogenic mechanisms. The amount of
autologous spongiosa is limited and transplantation is often
connected with pain, risk of infection or nerve damage.
Therefore, numerous bone substitutes and bone scaffolds are
still developed and explored. To date, diverse types of
biomaterials for studying ossification and new bone
formation were used, namely non-mineral and mineral based
materials. The use of synthetic bioactive bone substitution
materials is of increasing importance in modern dentistry as
alternatives to autogenous bone grafts. New biomaterials
must at first undergo in vitro and in vivo evaluations before
clinical trials. The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies
on the biocompatibility, ossification and bone regeneration of
various types of biomaterials with different characteristics
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
should be addressed in this presentation. The focus of our
research is the evaluation of the angiogenesis-osteogenesis
interplay due to the fact that early angiogenesis and
osteogenesis are crucial for healthy natural bone formation in
an augmented region.
IFAA2014-4-007
Desmosomes and extradesmosomal desmocadherinbased contacts as signaling hubs
Jens Waschke
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, LMU Munich
*jens.waschke@med.uni-muenchen.de
Desmosomes are adhesive cell contacts providing mechanical
strength required for tissue integrity of all epithelia including
the epidermis and other tissues subjected to mechanical stress
such as heart muscle. Desmosomes consist of desmosomal
cadherins (or desmocadherins) as adhesion molecules which
are coupled via adaptor proteins including plakoglobin and
plakophilin. These connect with desmoplakin which serves as
a linker to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. The
desmosomal cadherins desmogleins (Dsg) 1-4 and
desmocollins (Dsc) 1-3 interact in homophilic and
heterophilic manner and show tissue-dependent expression
patterns: The most widely expressed pair Dsg2 and Dsc2 is
present in all tissues bearing desmosomes whereas all other
isoforms are largely restricted to complex epithelia. During
the last decade evidence arose that desmosomal cadherins
besides their adhesive properties orchestrate multiple
signaling pathways and thus should be regarded as signaling
hubs. Some data exist that especially extradesmosmosomal
Dsg and Dsc molecules may serve this function which is
required to regulate cell adhesion, cell survival, proliferation
and tissue organization. In this SOBOTTA-symposium on
cell contacts and signaling we focus on a few of these
signaling contacts. Thomas Magin with his group recently
elucidated that epithelial intermediate filaments of the keratin
family not only anchor desmosomes within the cells but also
are signaling platforms. Rudolf Leube will elaborate on
adhesion and signaling mediated by Dsg2 in the heart as
mutations can cause severe arrhythmo
IFAA2014-4-008
The Prevention of colchicine induced sh-sy5y
degeneration by the balance of MyD88/TRIF
signaling pathway
Sen Lin, Minghui Shan, Shurong Li, Bingyin Su
Dept. of Anatomy and Histo-embryology, Development and
Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
*lsroger@163.com
Parkinson’s disease(PD) is pathologically characterized by
preferential degeneration of dopaminergic(DA) neurons.
Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, it has been
suggested that neurodegeneration might be regulated by
immunological factors. Human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5Y challenged with Colchicine(COL), one of the wellknown microtubule disruptor, has been used in this study as
an in vitro model for PD. After TPA treatment for 5days, the
SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into neural cells which
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
103
identified by Immunohistochemistry with classic neuron
marker ȕIII-tubulin. It was found that COL inhibits neurite
outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cell, attenuates the release of DA and
related metabolized products such as DOPAC, 5-HT, HVA, E
and NE, which was detected by HPLC-EC method. MyD88
and TRIF are two important adaptors in TLR signaling
pathway, may involve in neurodegenerative regulation. After
treatment with agonist and antagonist of MyD88 and TRIF, It
was found that low concentration of PolyI:C (0.5ȝg/ml, TRIF
signaling pathway agonist) rescued the Tyrosine Hydroxylase
(TH) activity which control DA synthesis and metabolism by
Western blot and HPLC-EC detection. However, Pam3CSK4
and Zymosan (MyD88 signaling pathway agonist) functioned
inversely. In sum, the results identified the balance of MyD88
and TRIF signaling pathway which are able to regulate neural
degeneration.
IFAA2014-4-009
Autophagy alleviates neurodegeneration caused by
mild impairment of oxidative metabolism
Ya Meng, Yue Yong, Zunji Ke
IFAA2014-4-011
*zunjike@gmail.com
Thiamine deficiency (TD) causes mild impairment of
oxidative metabolism and region-selective neuronal loss in
the brain, which may be mediated by neuronal oxidative
stress,
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress,
and
neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that autophagy might
be activated in the TD brain and play a protective role in TDinduced neuronal death. TD-induced expression of
autophagic markers was reversed once thiamine was readministered. Both inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin
and Beclin1 siRNA potentiated TD-induced death of SHSY5Y cells. Intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin stimulated
neuronal autophagy and attenuated TD-induced neuronal
death and microglia activation in the submedial thalamus
nucleus. TD inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase,
suggesting mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway was involved in the
TD-induced autophagy. These results suggest that autophagy
is neuroprotective in response to TD-induced neuronal death
in the central nervous system. Autophagy is neuroprotective
in response to thiamine deficiency TD-induced neuronal
death. TD caused neuronal damage and induced the
formation of autophagosome, and increased the expression of
autophagy-related proteins. This process provided nutrients
for injured neurons. Wortmannin and knockdown of Beclin1
inhibited autophagy, and exacerbated TD-induced cell death,
while activation of autophagy by rapamycin offered
protection against TD neurotoxicity.
IFAA2014-4-010
Biological properties of fish collagen for oral bone
and soft tissue augmentation – An experimental
study in vitro
Marzena Dominiak2, Tomasz Gedrange1
1
Department of Orthodontics, Centre of Dentistry and Oral
Health Carl-Gustav-Carus University, Dresden, Germany
2
Department of Dental Surgery, Silesian Piast Medical
University, Wroclaw, Poland
*marzena.dominiak@umed.wroc.pl
Principal sources of medical collagen are pork, calf skin and
bone, but now safer and alternative sources of active
collagen, mainly from the skin of different fishes were found.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity
of new collagen isolated from silver carp skin and the
induction of endogenous collagen production by this
collagen. For this human gingival fibroblasts were treated 96
hours with 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% experimental collagen
formula to induce endogenous collagen production. The
Sircol collagen and the MTT assay were used to measure the
amount of collagen and cell viability. Fibroblasts incubated
with 0.1, 0.5 as well as 1.0% of exogenous fish collagen
showed a significant increase in the endogenous collagen
production compared to the control group. Furthermore, only
1% collagen causes a significant decrease of the survival of
treated fibroblast cells. In case of porcine control collagen
membrane, decreased production of endogenous collagen and
reduced mitochondrial activity to 69% was noticed. In this
study it has been validated that fish collagen from silver carp
skin is a safe material for tissue application. The
experimental fish collagen is an innovative product which
induces endogenous collagen in culture of human fibroblasts.
Magnetic stimulation modulates structural synaptic
plasticity in primary hippocampal neurons
Jun Ma, Huixian Cui, Zhanchi Zhang
Department of AnatomyˈHebei Medical University,
shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China.
*81219674@qq.com
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a
neuropsychiatric tool that can be used to investigate the
neurobiology of learning and cognitive function. Few studies
have examined the effects of low frequency (61 Hz) magnetic
stimulation (MS) on structural synaptic plasticity of neurons
in vitro, thus, the current study examined its effects on
hippocampal neuron and synapse morphology, as well as
synaptic protein markers and signaling pathways. Similarly,
both intensities of low frequency magnetic stimulation (1 Hz)
activated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and
tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) pathways, including the
pathways
for
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and for
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt).
Specifically, low intensity magnetic stimulation (LIMS, 1.14
Tesla, 1 Hz) promoted more extensive dendritic and axonal
arborization, as well as increasing synapses density,
thickening PSD (post synaptic density) and upregulation of
synaptophysin (SYN), growth associated protein 43 (GAP43)
and post synaptic density 95 (PSD95). Conversely, high
intensity magnetic stimulation (HIMS, 1.55 Tesla, 1 Hz)
appeared to be detrimental, reducing dendritic and axonal
arborization and causing apparent structural damage,
including thinning of PSD, less synapses and disordered
synaptic structure, as well as upregulation of GAP43 and
PSD95, possibly for their ability to mitigate dysfunction. In
conclusion, we infers that low frequency magnetic
stimulation participates in regulating structural synaptic
plasticity of hippocampal neurons via the activation of
BDNF–TrkB signaling pathways.
IFAA2014-4-012
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104
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Homology study of plasmodium falciparum in
malarial endemic area in west sumatra
of the potential therapeutic targets on diabetic neuropathic
pain sensitization.
Nuzulia Irawati, Selfi R Rusjdi, Nora Harminarti
IFAA2014-4-015
Medical Faculty of Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
*tivani_edwin@yahoo.co.id
Malaria is still representing as the problem of public health in
Indonesia. Plasmodium falciparum causing of malaria in this
time have had variation or alleles which different each other
among one area with other area. Mountain area (South of
Solok) and south coastal area represent two endemic area of
malaria in West Sumatra. The research was conducted about
Plasmodium falciparum homology in a mountain area and a
coastal area in West Sumatra, Indonesia. 56 blood samples of
patients of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is isolated its
DNA, amplified by nested PCR to get MSP1 sequences, K1,
MAD20 and of RO33. Result of sequencing was analyzed
with Blast NCBI. Of the examination done in the area was
obtained approximately seven variant of MSP1 alleles block
2 pursuant to fragment length and nucleotide’s sequences.
Blast NCBI is apparent based on analysis, Plasmodium
falciparum from both area in the West Sumatra have the
homology which close to Thailand Plasmodium falciparum
more or less 75 %. In conclusion, Plasmodium falciparum in
West Sumatra have the consanguinity to Plasmodium
falciparum in Thailand.
IFAA2014-4-014
The effects of galanin on neuropathic pain in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Xiaofeng Xu1, Yunfeng Li2, Zhenzhong Li1
1
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of
Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu hospital, Jinan
250012, China.
*zli@sdu.edu.cn
Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication associated
with diabetes and is frequently painful. However,
mechanisms responsible for diabetic neuropathic pain are still
unclear. Experimental evidence has shown that the galanin
and its receptor are involved in pain sensitization. The
present study investigated the role of galanin and its receptor
system on neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. The effects of galanin, galanin receptor
antagonist M35, galanin receptor 1 agonist M617, and
galanin receptor 1 agonist AR-M1896 on neuropathic pain
were evaluated. The results showed that diabetic rats showed
a significant mechanical hyperalgesia between 4 to 12 w.
Galanin receptor 1 expression decreased in spinal dorsal horn
(SDH) in diabetic rats. Galanin receptor 2 expression
decreased in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and SDH in diabetic
rats. Intrathecal administration of exogenous galanin
attenuated diabetic neuropathic pain, this effect could be
blocked by pre-treatment with galanin receptor antagonist
M35. Intrathecal administration of galanin receptor 1 agonist
M617, but not galanin receptor 2 agonist AR-M1896,
attenuated diabetic neuropathic pain. These results imply that
galanin acts through receptor 1, but not galanin receptor 2, to
exert analgesic effect in diabetic neuropathic pain and is one
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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The expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 3
and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 induced by
brain-derived neurotrophic factor in dorsal root
ganglion neurons in vitro
Dong Liu1, Yunfeng Li2, Zhenzhong Li1
1
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of
Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu hospital, Jinan
250012, China.
*zli@sdu.edu.cn
The vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) and the
vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) are expressed
in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and play an important
role in packing the neurotransmitter into synaptic vesicles.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most
profound known regulators of survival in the developing
nervous system. Primary cultured rat DRG neurons were used
to evaluate the effects of BDNF on VGLUT3 and VMAT2
expression in DRG neurons. The signaling pathways of the
extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2),
the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and the
phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-Ȗ) involved in these effects
were determined. The results showed that BDNF promoted
neurite growth and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43)
expression in a dose-dependent manner. BDNF induced
VGLUT3 upregulation through activation of PLC-Ȗ signaling
pathway. Although BDNF administration did not elevate
VMAT2 levels, the block of PI3K/Akt or PLC-Ȗ signaling
pathways could inhibit VMAT2 expression in DRG neurons
in the presence of BDNF. The contribution of distinct
VGLUT3 and VMAT2 transporter expression induced by
BDNF might be one of the mechanisms that BDNF regulates
neuropathic pain. These data imply that BDNF signaling
system might be a potential target on modifying distinct
transporter-mediated biological effects of primary sensory
neurons.
IFAA2014-4-016
Effects of neuregulin-1ȕ on growth-associated
protein 43 expression in dorsal root ganglion
neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate in
vitro
Yunfeng Li1, Zhen Liu2
1
Department of Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu
hospital, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of Anatomy,
Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012,
China.
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
Neuregulin-1ȕ (NRG-1ȕ) is a growth factor with potent
neuroprotective capacity. Growth-associated protein 43
(GAP-43) is expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons and an indicator of neuronal survival in vitro. The
purpose of present study is to evaluate the effects of NRG-1ȕ
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
105
on GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity
induced by glutamate (Glu) in vitro. The phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated
protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways involved in
these effects were also determined. Embryonic rat DRG
neurons were treated with Glu in the absence or presence of
NRG-1ȕ and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and/or ERK1/2
inhibitor PD98059. After that, GAP-43 mRNA and GAP-43
protein levels were analyzed by real time-PCR and Western
blot assay, respectively. GAP-43 expression in situ was
determined by immunofluorescent labeling. The results
showed that the decreased GAP-43 levels induced by Glu
could be partially reversed by the presence of NRG-1ȕ.
Inhibitors (LY294002, PD98059) either alone or in
combination blocked the effects of NRG-1ȕ. These data
provide new insights of the actions of NRG-1ȕ in sensory
neurons.
IFAA2014-4-017
Insulin-like growth factor-1 attenuates apoptosis
and protects neurochemical phenotypes of dorsal
root ganglion neurons with paclitaxel-induced
neurotoxicity in vitro
Cheng Chen1, Yunfeng Li2, Zhen Liu1
1
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of
Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu hospital, Jinan
250012, China.
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
Paclitaxel (PT)-induced neurotoxicity is a significant problem
associated with successful treatment of cancers. Insulin-like
growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has neurotrophic effects on dorsal
root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whether IGF-1 has protective
effects on DRG neurite growth, cell viability, neuronal
apoptosis, and neuronal phenotypes and activates the
extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and
the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling
pathways in DRG neurons with PT-induced neurotoxicity is
still unclear. Primary cultured rat DRG neurons were used to
assess the protective effects of IGF-1 on DRG neurons with
PT-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that PT
exposure caused a decrease of cell viability and increase of
the ratio to apoptotic cells which could be reversed by the
presence of IGF-1. IGF-1 administration had protective
effects on CGRP-expressing, but not NF-200-expressing,
neurons with PT-induced neurotoxicity. Either the ERK1/2
inhibitor PD98059 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked
the effect of IGF-1. The results imply that IGF-1 may
attenuate apoptosis to improve neuronal growth status of
DRG neurons with PT-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover,
these results support an important neuroprotective role of
exogenous IGF-1 on distinct subpopulations of DRG neurons
which is responsible for skin sensation. The effects of IGF-1
might be through activation of ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt
signaling pathways.
IFAA2014-4-020
Effect of Lipoic acid on the release cytokines and
chemokines in cultured astrocytes stimulated by
lipopolysaccharide
Jian Meng1, Minfang Guo1, Jiezhong Yu1, Yanhua
Li1, Chunyun Liu1, Baoguo Xiao1,3 , Cungen Ma2*
1
Institute of Brain ScienceˈShanxi Datong Universityˈ
Datong 037009˗2 Department of Encephalopathy and
National Major Clinical Department of Ministry of Health,
Third Hospital, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Taiyuan 030024; 3Institute of Neurologyˈ
Huashan HospitalˈFudan UniversityˈShanghai 200025,
China
*dtdxmj@163.com
To investigate the effect of Lipoic acid on the release of
cytokines (TNF-Į, IL-1ȕ, IL-6 and IL-10) and the expression
of chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL20 mRNA) in
cultured astrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Primary
cultured astrocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides
(LPS, 1ȝg/ml), and treated with Lipoic acid (LA, 100ȝg/mL).
The production of nitric oxide (NO) was assayed by Griess
method. The level of TNF-Į, IL-1ȕ, IL-6 and IL-10 in
supernatants was quantified by ELISA. The expression of
CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL20 mRNA was detected using
RT-PCR. The production of TNF-Į, IL-1ȕ, IL-6 was
increased, but the level of IL-10 was decreased in cultured
astrocytes simulated with LPS, as compared with PBS
control. LA treatment inhibited LPS-induced TNF-Į, IL-1ȕ
and IL-6 production, and enhanced IL-10 secretion compared
with LPS stimulation alone. In addition, LA treatment also
supprresed the expression of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL20
mRNA in cultured astrocytes stimulated with LPS. LA
inhibits neuroinflammatory response in activated astrocytes
stimulated with LPS. Therefore, the neuroprotection of LA is
partly due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and chemokines derived from astrocytes. [Key words] lipoic
acid; lipopolysaccharide; cytokines; chemokines
IFAA2014-4-021
CD4+ T cells and neuroprotection: relevance to
motoneuron injury and ALS
Junping Xin1,2, Virginia M. Sanders3, Kathryn J.
Jones4,5
1
Neuroscience Institute/Oncology Institute, Loyola University
Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153; 2Research and
Development Service, Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141
3
Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, & Medical
Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH 43210; 4Department of Anatomy and Cell
Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
5
Research and Development Service, Roudebush VA
Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 4620.
* neuroimmune@gmail.com
CD4+ T cells are a group of immune cells that play a pivotal
role in regulating immune responses. Accumulating data,
including ours, indicated that CD4+ T cells mediate a
neuroprotective effect following motoneuron injury and in
the motoneuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or
(ALS). Using a mouse motoneuron injury model (facial nerve
axotomy, FNA), we have studied the mechanisms underlying
CD4+ T cell-mediated neuroprotection, including CD4+ T
cell activation, cytokine production, migration to the CNS
(central nervous system), interaction with CNS resident cells,
and regulatory functions in the CNS and periphery. FNA
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106
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
induces immune response in both periphery and CNS
compartments. While anti-inflammatory CD4+ T subsets are
preferentially recruited into CNS to support injured
motoneuron, pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells are recruited
into the peripheral site of axonal injury to mediate the
inflammation required to promote debris clearance, as well as
preparing a favorable environment for the neuroregeneration
of surviving motoneurons. Thus, following nerve injury,
CD4+ T cells develop contextually and exert their functions
in a localization- and time-dependent manner. Currently, we
are studying how an early-stage malfunctioning peripheral
immune system contributes to target disconnection and
motoneuron loss in ALS. We hypothesize that the
neuroprotective CD4+ T cell response is dysregulated at one
or multiple sites in the above discussed process, which in turn
results in vulnerability of motoneurons to inflammatory
damage and impaired functional recovery.
IFAA2014-4-022
Age-related myofibre death in human skeletal
muscle may be evident by the appearance of
vacuolated myofibres
Navneet Lal1, Philip Sheard1, Jon Cornwall2,3
1
Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin,
New Zealand; 2Faculty of Law, University of Otago,
Dunedin, New Zealand; 3Department of Anatomy, University
of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
*jon.cornwall@otago.ac.nz
Losses in lean muscle mass and strength with advancing age
have been predominantly attributed to myofibre atrophy,
whilst the role or existence of myofibre death is unclear.
Recently, our laboratory discovered myofibres in elderly
rodent muscles with Dystrophin Encircled Vacuoles and
invaginations with Intracellular Localisation, which we refer
to as DEVILs. These fibres resemble degenerating myofibres
characteristic of the Autophagic Vacuolar Myopathies. Their
prevalence in rodents strongly correlated with myofibre loss
and age, and led us to inquire whether they were also evident
in elderly human skeletal muscles. Immunohistochemistry
was used to label dystrophin in frozen sections of normal
elderly human (77yrs, male) vastus lateralis samples, and
sections were viewed and imaged with a compound
fluorescence microscope. We discovered vacuolated fibres
with the same pathologic features and in the same
characteristic peripheral location as we have seen in rodent
muscles. Previous studies on muscle aging have employed
muscle biopsy procedures which often exclude superficial
myofibres and may be why the appearance of DEVILs in
normal human muscle has not been documented before. The
pathophysiological role of myofibre death in aging remains
unknown; further studies are required to clarify our
understanding.
IFAA2014-4-023
XAV939 induces telomere shortening and apoptosis
in neuroblastoma cells
Shuling Bai1, Weijian Hou1, Jun Fan1, Hao Tong1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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1
Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical
Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001; PR
China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
Telomeres, telomerase and tankyrase (TNKS) have a very
important and special association with human senescence and
cancer. The telomerase activity is abnormally high in cancer
cells and accompanied with the over-expression of tankyrase
1 (TNKS1). TNKS1 is a positive regulator of telomerase
activation and telomere extension in human body, and
XAV939 is a small molecule inhibitor of TNKS1. The
objective of this study is to investigate the apoptosis effect of
XAV939 on SH-SY5Y cells, as well as the change of
telomere length and telomerase activity, and explains the
mechanism from this perspective. In the present study, we
treated SH-SY5Y cells with XAV939 and RNA interference
(RNAi) -TNKS1, then measured the telomere length using,
detected the telomerase activity, observed the apoptosis and
determined the invasive ability. The results showed that both
XAV939 and RNAi-TNKS1 could shorten the telomere
length, induce the apoptosis and reduce the invasion ability of
SH-SY5Y cells, but had no effect on the telomerase activity.
So we speculated that XAV939 induced apoptosis of SHSY5Y cells might via telomere shortening. More experiments
should be conducted to clarify the exact mechanisms. These
studies may contribute to cure malignant NB with multitarget therapy by small molecule drugs.
IFAA2014-4-024
Injectable decellularized human adipose tissue
extracellular matrix hydrogel scaffold for adipose
tissue engineering
Miao Yu, Shuling Bai
Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical
Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR
China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
The repair and filling of soft-tissue defects is the focal and
difficult aspect in plastic and cosmetic surgery. Extracellular
matrix biomaterials obtained by decellularization methods
have demonstrated the potential for repair and reconstruction
of soft tissue. The aim of the study is to develop an injectable
human adipose tissue extracellular matrix hydrogel scaffold
for repair of soft-tissue. Human adipose tissue obtained by
liposuction was processed to remove both the cellular and
lipid contents. Material obtained was tested to indicate that it
retained a large amounts of components found in native
adipose ECM while effectively eliminated both the cellular
and lipid contents. The extracted ECM is further processed
by freeze-dried, and ground to powders by milling. The
powders obtained were dissolved by pepsin and hydrochloric
acid to generate a thermally responsive hydrogel that selfassembles upon subcutaneous injection under normal body
temperature. The hydrogel can support the growth and
survival of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. And it showed
significant signs of adipogenesis by subcutaneous injected
into the backs of nude mice after 8 weeks. The injectable
hydrogel refined from human adipose is confirmed a
promising biomaterial material that can be used for the filling
and repair of soft-tissue defects.
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107
136 and phosphorilated STAT3 could be detected in the
MDSCs of ulcerative colitis and colitis associated colorectal
cancer. Thus, TNFĮ-mediated miR-136 and initiated IL-6STAT3 signaling are involved in MDSC expansion in
inflammatory environments.
IFAA2014-4-025
The Role of PAF Receptor Antagonist on the
Protection against Hypoxia Injury in Primary
Cultures of Cortical Neurons
IFAA2014-4-027
Jin Jia
Modulation of the mitochondrial dynamics by
clusterin in insulin–secreting beta-cells
*jjhu2609@126.com
We examined the protection of platelet activating factor
(PAF) receptor antagonist--Ginkgolide B (BN52021) against
hypoxia injury in primary cultures of embryonic rat cerebral
cortical neurons. Embryonic rat cerebral cortical neurons
were hypoxia cultured to establish the in vitro hypoxia cells
model. MTT method was used to detect the activity of
proliferation, and Flow cytometry were used to detect
apoptotic cells. RT-PCR was applied to evaluate the bax and
bcl-2 expression levels in hypoxia cultured neurons to
examine the intervention of BN52021. MTT method showed
that the cytoactivity of the Ginkgolide B treated groups
increased and the number of apoptotic cells significantly
decreased with increasing concentrations of BN52021 (P <
0.05). Flow cytometry detection showed that the apoptosis
rate of hypoxia injury neurons were between 13.2%̚25.3%.
After being treated with BN52021 at the concentration of 5
ȝg/mL, 10 ȝg/mL, 15 ȝg/mL, 20 ȝg/mL, 25 ȝg/mL,
respectively, the apoptosis rate was between 6.0%̚11.3%.
RT-PCR showed that the bcl-2 gene expression in treated
groups was higher compared to the control group; in contrast,
the bax gene expression was lower. The PAF receptor
antagonist has a protective effect on hypoxia injury in
primary cultures of embryonic rat cerebral cortical neurons.
IFAA2014-4-026
TNFĮ-Mediated MiR-136 and Initiated IL-6STAT3 Signaling Are Involved in Expansion of
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Inflammatory
Environments
Xue Wu, Siyue Mey, Rongcun Yang
Nankai university school of medicine, nankai university,
PR.China. 300071.
*ryang@nankai.edu.cn
Chronic inflammation and tumor-associated factors are
related to the increased accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which play a
critical role in the development and progression of human
diseases. But, the mechanism (s) of controlling expansion of
MDSCs remains elusive. We herein demonstrate that miR136 effectively drive hematopoietic progenitors to
differentiate into CD11b+Gr-1+MDSCs by regulating the
expression of multiple transcription factors NFIA, GATA2,
GATA3, PAX5 and C/EBPȕ. Interestingly, the expression of
miR-136 may be upregulated through the binding of TNFĮmediated NF-țB transcription factor to miR-136 promoter
region. Meanwhile, we found that the suppressive function of
miR-136-mediated MDSCs is also dependent on the TNFĮinitiated IL-6-STAT3 pathway. Neutralizing IL-6 inhibited
TNFĮ-mediated phosphorilation of STAT3 in MDSCs.
Silencing STAT3 reduced suppressive ability of TNFĮmediated MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. High levels of miR-
Yoen-ju Kwon1, Han-Sol Park2, In-Sun Park1
1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inha
University, Incheon, Korea; 2Metabolic Research Unit, Asan
Institute for Life science, Seoul, Korea.
* sunpark@inha.ac.kr
Mitochondrion is a dynamic cellular organelle showing a
diverse morphological change in response to biological
processes including energy metabolism and viability of the
cells. Clusterin is an intriguing protein with a variety of
biological functions, particularly in association with
cytoprotection. Pancreatic beta cells produce and secrete
insulin, but are susceptible to internal and external
challenges, leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes. The
present study aimed to elucidate the clusterin action on the
profiles of beta cell mitochondria regarding to mitochondrial
dynamics including their fusion/fission and autophage
formation. Clusterin expression was regulated from by
transfection of over-expression vector and siRNA,
respectively using MIN-6 and INS-I cell lines which secrete
insulin as well as clusterin simultaneously. Mitochondrial
proteins which are associated with mitochondrial fusion and
fission were monitored after clusterin over-expression and
deletion, along with their morphological observation. We
found that clusterin overexpression down-regulated the
mitochondrial fusion factors including OPA-1, MFN-1,
MFN-2. In contrast, the mitochondrial fusion proteins were
up-regulated by knock-down of the clusterin genes. Although
there was no significant changes in mitochondrial fission
preoteins (Drp-1 and-2), LC3B, an autophagy marker, was
decreased by clusterin over-expression, while being increased
by clusterin deprivation. We have traced the expressions of
OPA-1 and LC3B in the mitochondria and lysosomes by
confocal
microscopy,
demonstrating
a
concurrent
modification in the cytoplasm of the bet cells. We also found
a significantly reduced autophages upon overexpression of
clusterin, and their increased formation by downregulation of
the clusterin. Taken together, these results suggest that
clusterin is involved in cellular functions and viability by
modulating mitochondrial dynamics, particularly by
suppression of the mitochondrial fusion as well as inhibition
of autophagy.
IFAA2014-4-029
Heterochromatin Protein 1Ȗ safeguards histone
H3K27me3
Feng Xiong1, Shuo Huang1, Tiantian Zhang1, Birong
Wei2, Wei Shen3, Sujuan Ji1, Yufang Liu1, Qingzhong
He1, Yue Ren1, Meili Zhang1, Wenhua Yu1, Qiao
Zhang1, Ye Zhang1, Yue Huang1, Lan Li3, Pinchao
Mei1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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108
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
1
State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology,
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of
Medical SciencesˈSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union
Medical College, Beijing, China; 2Laboratory of Cancer
Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,
MD, USA; 3Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of
Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural
University, Qingdao, China.
*xiong.feng.90@gmail.com
Trimethylation of Histone H3 lysine 27(H3K27me3) is a hall
mark of repressive chromatin, and is widely associated with
silenced development genes. Temporal and spatial regulation
of H3K27me3 is crucial for many critical aspects of
development including Hox gene expression, X-chromosome
inactivation, gene imprinting, cell identity, embryogenesis
and tumorigenesis. The steady state level of H3K27me3
results from a continuous interplay between the opposing
functions of its demethylases KDM6 (namely UTX and
JMJD3) and catalytic polycomb complexes (PRCs) . Here we
identify a wildly-conserved mechanism by which the global
histone H3K27me3 level is stabilized. Mammalian
heterochromatin protein 1 gamma (HP1Ȗ) safeguards histone
H3K27me3 by suppressing the demethylation activity of
UTX in an interaction-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, the
methylated H3K9 binding activity of HP1Ȗ is dispensable for
its suppression of UTX. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs),
transient depletion of HP1Ȗ leads to a reduction of
H3K27me3 at the transcriptional start sites of genes without
altering the H3K4me3 levels. At embryonic day 11.5,
primordial germ cells (PGCs) exhibit a sudden loss of HP1Ȗ
that triggers global H3K27me3 demethylation through
increased UTX activity. Our findings reveal that cross-talk
between a histone H3K9me3 reader HP1Ȗ and H3K27me3
demethylase UTX contributes to the steady state level of
histone H3K27me3 in mammalian cells, thereby delineating
an unappreciated mechanistic cue in germ cell epigenetic
reprogramming.
IFAA2014-4-030
miR-34a promotes oxidative damage and senescence
of primary renal glomerular mesangial cells by
inhibiting autophagy-related gene 9A
Jin Li, Xueyuan Bai, Shaoyuan Cui, Bo Fu, Guangyan
Cai, Xiangmei Chen
Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney
Diseases, Beijing, China.
*xueyuan_bai@163.com
Glomerular mesangial cells are an important type of
residential cells in the kidneys, but their senescence
mechanism is unknown. Autophagy is a protective
mechanism for maintaining a stable intracellular environment
and is closely associated with senescence and age-related
diseases. The mechanism of regulation of mesangial cell
senescence by microRNA-34 (miR-34) is not yet clear. In
this study, we investigated the regulation mechanisms of
mesangial cell damage and senescence by miR-34a. The
results showed that in the mesangial cells from old rats, miR34a was significantly upregulated and its target gene Atg9a
was significantly downregulated. Overexpression of miR-34a
in primary mesangial cells from young rats downregulated
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Atg9A and autophagosome formation marker LC3;
upregulated p62/SQSTMI and polyubiquitin aggregates;
increased the levels of oxidative damage products 8-OHdG,
malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl; increased the
positive staining percentage of cell senescence marker SA-Egal; and increased formation of senescence-associated
heterochromatin foci (SAHF). Transfection of Atg9a shRNA
into primary cells from young rats produced cellular
senescent phenotypes similar to that of miR-34a
overexpression. These results suggest that miR-34a can
inhibit autophagy function, increase oxidative damage, and
accelerate the senescence of mesangial cells by
downregulating Atg9A expression.
IFAA2014-4-031
Fractionation and characterization of protein in
Lumbricus rubellus powders
Edy Parwanto, Hardy Senjaya
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
*edyparwanto@hotmail.com
In order to find drugs from natural materials, earthworm
powders (Lumbricus rubellus) can be used as a source of
protein and antibacterial drugs. The purpose of this study do
fractionation and characterization of protein in L rubellus
powders based on molecular weight. Protein in L rubellus
powders extracted gradually to obtain a rough
extract/supernatant, precipitat and dialysat as final extract.
Fractionation and characterization of protein in the crude
extract, precipitat and dialysat is done by electrophoresis. In
the dialysat fractions containing 2487 mg/mL proteins, and
show four dominant types of proteins with a molecular
weight of 12.2, 13.3, 14.6 and 29.2 kDa.
IFAA2014-4-032
Desmoglein-mediated signaling in pemphigus
pathogenesis
Volker Spindler
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I, LMU
Munich, Germany.
*volker.spindler@med.uni-muenchen.de
Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune disease affecting
skin and mucous membranes. Loss of intercellular cohesion
as a consequence to autoantibodies directed against the
desmosomal adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3
results in blister formation predominantly within the
epidermis and the mucosa of the oral cavity. Altered
intracellular signaling after autoantibody binding is necessary
for loss of cell cohesion, which is underscored by the notion
that blistering can be prevented by modulation of intracellular
signaling pathways. One of the key events is the rapid
activation of p38MAPK. We recently demonstrated the
existence of a complex of Dsg3, plakoglobin and p38MAPK
which senses loss of Dsg3 binding. P38MAPK is activated in
that complex after autoantibody binding, resulting in keratin
filament collapse and depletion of Dsg3 levels. Interestingly,
not only adhesion-disturbing signaling is elicited by binding
of pemphigus autoantibodies to Dsg3. Keratinocytes also
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
109
respond by increasing the levels of the second messenger
cAMP, which then limits p38MAPK activation and promotes
intercellular adhesion. Similarly, the actin-binding protein
adducin, which organizes the cortical actin lattice, is
phosphorylated in a PKC-dependent manner, resulting in
reduced Dsg3 depletion. Augmentation of these rescue
pathways is an attractive approach for a specific treatment of
this disease.
IFAA2014-4-033
concentrations were reduced in the capped teeth but no
differences were observed among the three cements. Dentinal
bridging could be detected at both 30 and 60 days with each
of the three cements and the pulps were still vital 60 days
after capping. Meal duration significantly shortened after
placement of the three different cements indicating a
nociceptive response but there were no differences among the
materials. In conclusion, calcium aluminate cements have
similar properties to mineral trioxide aggregates and are a
viable option for pulpotomy procedures.
Fractionation and characterization of protein in
Lumbricus rubellus powders
IFAA2014-4-035
Edy Parwanto1, Suweino2, Hardy Senjaya3, Hosea J
Edy4
Werner Gotz
Periodontal stress – Cellular and molecular aspects
Dental Clinic, Department of Orthodontics, Oral Biology
Laboratory, University of Bonn, Germany.
*Werner.Goetz@ukb.uni-bonn.de
1
Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Trisakti,
Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Anatomy, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia;
4
Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Science, University of
Samratulangi, Manado, Indonesia.
*edy.parwanto@gmail.com
In order to find drugs from natural materials, earthworm
powders (Lumbricus rubellus) can be used as a source of
protein and antibacterial drugs. The purpose of this study do
fractionation and characterization of protein in L rubellus
powders based on molecular weight. Protein in L rubellus
powders extracted gradually to obtain a rough
extract/supernatant, precipitat and dialysat as final extract.
Fractionation and characterization of protein in the crude
extract, precipitat and dialysat is done by electrophoresis. In
the dialysat fractions containing 2487 mg/mL proteins, and
show four dominant types of proteins with a molecular
weight of 12.2, 13.3, 14.6 and 29.2 kDa.
IFAA2014-4-034
A rat model for testing materials to improve pain
and healing for endodontic procedures
Phillip Kramer1, Karl Woodmansey2, Robert
White2, Carolyn Primus3, Lynne Opperman1
The periodontium is an area exposed to lifelong active stress
factors such as biomechanical factors due to occlusion and
mastication, inflammatory influences or hypoxia generated
e.g. by systemic diseases or smoking. There is increasing
evidence that for periodontal tissues such as the periodontal
ligament (PDL) or the alveolar bone, stress-induced pathways
on the cellular and molecular level are interconnected, and
numerous molecules are involved in these signaling
processes. Among these factors are cytokines, growth factors
or factors related to apoptosis and hypoxia. Stress-induced
signal transduction pathways can influence cellular functions
e.g. proliferation, migration or adhesion, but they may also
lead to the induction of regeneration phenomena. Many
recent studies have shown that oxidative stress characterized
by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is an
important catabolic co-factor, especially in correlation with
inflammatory responses. Antioxidants are promising tools for
treating oxidative stress-related periodontal dysfunctions. The
main focus will be put on our own research i.e. the
investigation of crossroads between biomechanics,
inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress in human PDL
and alveolar bone cells in vitro and in vivo. This research will
give new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of
periodontal diseases like periodontitis, peri-implantitis or root
and bone resorption.
1
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor
College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246; 2Department of
Endodontics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas
A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246;
3
Primus Consulting, 7046 Owl's Nest Terrace, Bradenton, FL
34203 USA.
*pkramer@bcd.tamhsc.edu
IFAA2014-4-036
SAA regulate the expression of SR-BI and
inflammatory factor through P38 mitogen-activated
protein kinase in THP-1 macrophage
Calcium aluminate cements have shown little affinity for
bacterial growth, low toxicity, and immunogenicity when
used as a restoration material, but calcium aluminate cements
have not been tested in vivo in pulpotomy procedures. To
address this question, a calcium aluminate cement (Quickset) was tested along with two mineral trioxide aggregates
ProRoot® MTA and MTA Plus®. These cements were used
as a capping agent following pulpotomy. Control rats had no
pulpotomy, or the pulpotomy was not capped. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ȕ and IL-1Į were measured and
histology was performed at 30 and 60 days post-capping. The
nociceptive response was determined by measuring the
lengthening of the rat’s meal duration. IL-1ȕ and IL-1Į
Mingyan Zhu, Yu Wang, Yuanjie Xie, Zhifeng
Long, Jinfeng Shi, Gaofeng Zeng, Zhongcheng Mo
zhchmo@hotmail.com
This study was to investigate effects of serum amyloid A
(SAA) on expressions of scavenge receptor class B type I
(SR-BI) and inflammatory factor in THP-1 macrophage.
THP-1 cells were treated with SAA and P38 agonist
(anisomycin) or inhibitor (SB203580), respectively. SR-BI
expressions were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting
and cell immunohistochemical method. Inflammatory factor
(MCP-1, TNF-Į, IL-1) were measured by ELISA. The results
showed that SAA inhibited SR-BI mRNA and protein
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110
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
expression, induced inflammatory factor in THP-1
macrophage compared with control groups (P<0.05). SAA
and anisomycin increased phosphorylation of P38, decreased
SR-BI expression, while upregulated inflammatory factor
expression. SB203580 inhibited the phosphorylation of P38
and stimulated SR-BI mRNA and protein expression, while
decreased inflammatory factor. Therefore SAA, anisomycin
and SB203580 could regulate the expressions of SR-BI and
inflammatory factor. That is to say the P38 MAPK signal
pathway may play an important role in the regulation of SRBI and inflammatory factor expressions by SAA in THP-1
macrophage and suggest that SAA may sensitize
atherosclerosis. (Correspondence author, zhongcheng Mo,
Email: zhchmo@hotmail.com. This study was supported by
the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
(81100211) and the Science and Technology Plan Projects of
Hunan Province (NO.2013SK3114).
IFAA2014-4-037
Polymorphisme Gene TNF-Į -308G>A and TLR4
Asp299Gly in Down Syndrome
Siti Nurhajjah1, Farmaditya EP Mundhofir2, Sultana
MH Faradz2
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Andalas
University, Padang, Indonesia; 2Division of Human Genetics,
Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of
Medicine Diponegoro University, Semarang,Indonesia
*sitinurhajjah@yahoo.co.id
Down Syndrome (DS) often have disturbance in their
immune system leading to infection, morbidity and mortality.
TNFĮ -308G>A and TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism were
found to be associated with the increase of susceptibility to
infection. The aim of this research is to determine the
distribution and allele frequency of TNF-Į -308G>A and
TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism among DS patients. There
were 68 samples (34 DS and 34 control). The polymorphisms
of both genes were examined using PCR-RFLP, NcoI
restriction enzyme, and electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel.
Polymorphism of TNF-Į -308G>A was found on 4,4% of the
DS and 2,9% of the control groups. Polymorphisms of TLR4
Asp299Gly was found on 1,5% of the DS and 0% of the
control groups. Polymorphisms in gene TNF-Į -308G>A and
TLR4 Asp299Gly in this study were lower in DS patients as
well as in control groups compared to other studies. The
difference in ethnic background might be a well plausible
explanation for the differentiation between polymorphisms
on TNF-Į and TLR4 in Indonesian population compared to
Caucasian population.
IFAA2014-4-038
Heparanase upregulation associates with eNOS
reduction in kidney ischemic/reperfusion injury and
kidney fibrosis model in mice
Nur Arfian1, Dwi Cahyani Ratna sari1, Santosa
Budiharjo1, Djoko Prakosa1, Untung
Tranggono2, Muhammad Mansyur Romi1
1
Department of Anatomy, Embryology, Anthropology,
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Indonesia; 2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*n_arfian@yahoo.com
Heparanase is an enzyme that degrades heparan sulphate and
may play role in some kidney pathological conditions. We
want to observe heparanase expression in kidney ischemic
reperfusion (I/R) injury and kidney fibrosis model in mice.
We performed kidney I/R injury model and fibrosis in Swiss
background mice. Kidney I/R model was induced using renal
pedicle clamping for 30 minutes and sacrificed the mice in
day 1 (n=7). Kidney fibrosis model was performed using
unilateral ureteral ligation in the left kidney (n=7) then
sacrifice the mice in day 7 and 14. Sham-operation procedure
(SO, n=5) was used as control. PAS and Sirius-Red stainings
were used to quantify tubular injury score and fibrosis.
Heparanase and endothelial Nitrite Oxide Synthase (eNOS)
expression were quantified using western blot and reversetranscriptase PCR. Immunostaining was also done for
heparanase. Kidney I/R injury and fibrosis induced an
increase of tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis (p<0.05 vs
SO). Immunoblot and RT-PCR results showed up-regulation
of heparanase expression (p<0.05) and reduction of eNOS
expression. Immunostaining revealed epithelial cells and
interstitial cells as source of heparanase both in those models.
We suggested that heparanase might contribute to the
pathology of kidney I/R injury and kidney fibrosis.
IFAA2014-4-039
Eicosapentanoic acid increases aquaporin-3
expression in human skin keratinocytes
Yeun-Ja Mun1, Byoung-Kook Jeon2, Moon-Kyung
Kang2, Won-Hong Woo2
1
BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental
Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine,
Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
*yjmun@wku.ac.kr
Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (Ȧ-3 PUFAs), protects against photodamage and
photocarcinogenesis in mammals. Water movement across
the plasma membrane can occur via two pathways: by
diffusion through the lipid bilayer and by membrane inserted
water channels (aquaporins; AQPs). At least 13 subtypes,
denoted AQP0-AQP12, have so far been identified in
mammalian cells. AQP3 is a water/glycerol transporting
protein in basal layer keratinocytes of epidermis in normal
skin. We have investigated the effects of EPA on AQP3
expression and the effects of EPA on ultraviolet (UV)induced AQP3 down‫ޤ‬regulation in cultured human skin
keratinocytes. EPA treatment increased AQP3 gene and
protein expression in human epidermal keratinocytes
(HaCaT). Using a specific inhibitor, we observed that the
effect of EPA on AQP3 expression was mediated by ERK
activation. UV induced AQP3 down-regulation in HaCaT
cells. EPA treatment attenuated UV-induced AQP3 loss and
cell death. Collectively, the present results show that EPA
increased AQP3 expression and protected against
photodamage of UV through the induction of AQP3
expression.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
111
identify its molecular targets, the expression of genes
involved in apoptosis and cell cycle progression was
analyzed by RT-PCR. Treatment of MCF-7 with A.indica
extract differentially decrease the growth of MCF-7 cancer
cells in a dose- and time dependent manner and were
markedly altered c-myc oncogene expression. Conclusively,
these results emphasize the chemopreventive ability of A.
indica extract reduce the progression cancer cells by leading
apoptosis.
IFAA2014-4-040
Changes in 5-HT1AR in the amygdala in a rat
model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Dong juan Liu, Bing Xiao, Fang Han, Yuxiu Shi
Department of Histology and Embryology,China medical
university,Shenyang,China.
*ldjcmu@126.com
Changes in 5-HT1AR in the amygdala in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder Dong juan Liu • Bing Xiao • Fang
Han• Yuxiu Shi* Department of Histology and Embryology,
China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province
110001, China Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an
anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a lifetreatening traumatic experience. The amygdala, one of the
key regions in the limbic system of the brain, is known to
have an important role in fear, rage and emotional memory.
The 5-HT1AR is critically involved in regulating mood and
anxiety levels. In this study, rats were randomly divided into
1d, 4d, 7d and 14d groups of single prolong stress and a
normal control group. The expression of 5-HT1AR in the
amygdala neurons gradually increased on 1d, 4d and 7d after
exposure to SPS than the normal control group, and reached
the peak at SPS 7d after SPS. There is also a change of
ultrastructure in the amygdala neuron. Our results confirm
that SPS induce changes of 5-HT1AR and morphological
change of neuron in amygdala, which might be one of the
important pathophysiological basis of fear, the anxious,
frightened, and other abnormal emotional behavior in PTSD
rats.
IFAA2014-4-041
Alteration of c-myc oncogene expression and
apoptosis-induced by Azadiracta indica L Juss
extract.
Dessy Arisanty1, Fauziah Othman2, Asmah
Rahmat3, Zolkapli Eshak2
1
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Andalas
University, Padang, Indonesia; 2Department of Biomedical
Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of
Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
*desrantius2013@yahoo.com
This study aimed at gaining insight into antiproliferative
activity of ethanolic A. indica leaves extract by cell viability
assay on human breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. A indica leaves
extract decreased cell viability and inhibited cell
proliferation. Result of MTT assay was 50.7 ȝg/mL of neem
remarkably reduced cell viability of MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis
cell death was determined using TUNEL assay. MCF-7 cell
death elicited by the extract was found to be apoptotic in
nature based the formation of nucleus condensation,
sringkage of nucleus membrane and also DNA fragmentation
which are a hallmark of apoptosis. In addition, ultrastructural
analysis also revealed apoptotic characteristics which are the
presence of chromatin margination and apoptotic bodies.
There was an increase of apoptotic cells number from day 1
to day 3 post incubation with A. indica extract. Further, to
IFAA2014-4-042
An Eph/Ephrin-Desmoglein 1 signalizing nexus that
regulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiatio
Spiro Getsios1, Kathleen J. Green2, Samantha Y.
Lin1, Cory L. Simpson2, Robert M. Harmon2
1
Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; 2Department of
Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chicago, USA.
*s-getsios@northwestern.edu
Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) is a desmosomal cadherin whose
expression is concentrated in the more differentiated,
suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Autoimmune or infectious
diseases where Dsg1 is targeted by autoantibodies or
pathogenic proteases lead to skin blistering in the superficial
layer of the epidermis, supporting its well appreciated role in
maintaining robust cell-cell adhesion in the skin. More
recently, we demonstrated that Dsg1 is also required for
normal keratinocyte signaling that promotes differentiation
via negative regulation of the epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2
(Erk1/2) pathway. Dsg1 inhibits Erk1/2 signaling, at least in
part, by interacting with erbin and interfering with Ras
complexes that act upstream of Erk1/2. As genetic and
inflammatory skin conditions resulting in reduced Dsg1
expression are associated with impaired keratinocyte
differentiation, a leaky epidermal barrier and metabolic
wasting disease, we were interested in identifying signaling
pathways that lead to an up-regulation of Dsg1. We
discovered that ephrin ligands that engage the EphA2
receptor tyrosine kinase on adjacent cells enhance
keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation via Dsg1.
Therapeutic approaches that target this EphA2 signaling
pathway may prove useful for restoring epidermal
homeostasis in pathological conditions where Dsg1 levels are
compromised.
IFAA2014-4-043
Donor cell substitution and host cell adjustment
following infusion of bone marrow cells
David Brynmor Thomas
University of St Andrews, Scotland.
*dbt@st-andrews.ac.uk
The ability of infused bone marrow cells to repopulate the
haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues of lethally irradiated
mice has helped to promote the transplantation of blood cell
precursors as a routine treatment for impaired haematopoiesis
and encouraged interest in cell replacement therapy. This is
now potentially the treatment of choice for any disorder that
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can be precisely defined and attributed to a deficiency in the
number or the performance of specific cells. It may utilize
substitution of donor cells for the replacement of host cells
which have been irreparably damaged or lost. Alternatively
specific defects in viable host cells may be more effectively
adjusted by exposure to and possible fusion with appropriate
donor cells. In contrast to substitution of donor cells,
adjustment of host cells allows relationships between cells
and between cells and other tissue components to be
preserved. It is now extremely important to take full
advantage of the established experimental models which are
available for the rigorous in vivo evaluation of cell
replacement therapy, including methods which have provided
valuable information about the adjustment of genetically
compromised host cells, as well as methods which provide
information about donor cell substitution and the properties
of the self-maintaining populations of stem cells upon which
donor cell substitution may be dependent.
IFAA2014-4-044
A complex of curcumin-piperine protects articular
cartilage from induced destructive changes in rat
osteoarthritis model
Mahmoud Orazizadeh, Layasadat khorsandi, Vahid
Bayati, kheironesa Ahmadi
Cell and molecular research center(CMRC),Ahvaz
Jundishapur University of Medical sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz,
Iran.
*M_Orazizadeh@yahoo.com
Previous studies reported that 10% of world population with
average age of 60-years suffer from Osteoarthritis (OA). This
study has focused on the protective effects of curcuminpiperine complex in an animal OA model. Forty adult male
rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups. To induce OA,
1mg Mono-iodoacetate (MIA) dissolved in 50μl saline and as
control just 50μl saline injected in right knee joints. 14 days
after injection of MIA, daily 200 mg/kg curcumin , 25 mg/kg
piperine and curcumin-piperine complex were gavaged
respectively for14 days. Then, the rats were sacrificed on day
29 post injection. Right knee joints removed ˬfixed and
decalcified
for
histological
studies.
Standard
immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for evaluation
of caspase-3, MMP-3 and MMP-13.Histological staining
methods revealed that the curcumin- piperine complex
decreased the MIA-induced destruction and fibrillation in
cartilage surface. Caspse-3 and MMP-3 and MMP-13 downregulation in test groups was very significant. Compared with
other groups these protective manifestations, especially in
curcumin-piperine complex treatment, were clearly identified.
These results indicated that curcumin-piperine complex could
strongly protect articular cartilage against degenerative and
apoptotic features in OA rat models.
IFAA2014-4-045
Surfactant protein-H (SFTA 3) is a novel regulatory
surfactant protein atthe ocular surfaceand in the
tear film
Friedrich Paulsen1, Felix Rausch1, Christina
Jacobi2, Ulrike Hampel1, Lars Brauer1, Martin Schicht1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
1
Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander-University
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; 2Department of
Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University ErlangenNuremberg, Germany.
*paulsen.anatomie@gmail.com
Surfactantproteins (SP) assisttheformationof a monolayer of
surface-activephospholipidsatthe liquid-airinterface of the
alveolar lining, play a majorrole in lowe ring surface tension
of interfaces, andhavefunctions in immune defense. Recently,
a putative newSP (SFTA3 or SP-H) was identified. By means
of computational chemistryand molecular-biology wehavel
ocalized and characterized SP-H. SP-Hexpression was
analyzed in tissues of the ocular surface and in tear fluid. The
regulation of SP-H transcription was studied in ocular surface
cell lines after incubation with ocular pathogens. The protein
concentration of SP-H was measured by ELISA in tears from
patients suffering from dry eye disease (DED). The
localization of SP-H in ocular surface tissues, sequence based
prediction tools for posttranslational modification and
molecular dynamic simulation srevea led that SP-H
hasphysico chemical properties similar to the already
knownSPs B and C. Stimulation experiments in cell lines
with pathogens showed an increased expression of SP-H.In
tears from DES patients SP-H concentration was increased.
The resultsindicate SP-Has a new SPofthetear film
whichrepresents an until now unknown SPclass. SP-H is
regulated under experimental inflammatory conditionsand in
casesof DED.
D3542
MiR-19b Targets ABCA1 and Regulates
Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1 Macrophage
Lv Yuncheng1, 2, Tang Yanyan2, Yao Feng2, Zhao
Guojun2, Yang Jing2, 3, Zhang Yi3, Chaoke Tang2
1
Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, 2 Institute of
Cardiovascular Research, 3 The 1st affiliated hospital,
University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
To investigate the effect of miR-19b on ABCA1 expression
and intracellular cholesterol efflux. The combination of miR19b with ABCA1 3’UTR was analyzed with bioinformatics
websites. MiR-19b binding to ABCA1 3’UTR was confirmed
with Luciferase Reporter Assay. After transfected miR-19b
mimics and inhibitor into THP-1 macrophage, ABCA1
expression was measured by Western bolt, cholesterol efflux
was detected with liquid scintillator, and intracellular lipid
droplet was stained with oil red O. miR-19b bound to the
3110-3116 sites within ABCA1 3’UTR, and their binding
free energy was very low. MiR-19b potently inhibited the
luciferase activity and macrophage ABCA1 expression. MiR19b dramatically suppressed macrophage cholesterol efflux,
resulting in excessive lipid accumulation and foam cells
formation. The exactly opposite results were observed by
Anti-miR-19b in THP-1 macrophage. miR-19b targets
ABCA1 and inhibits intracellular cholesterol efflux, causing
excessive lipid accumulation in macrophage.
D3590
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113
Construction of eukaryotic expression vector
pcDNA3-MAGE-1 and its stable expression in
mouse Hepa1-6 cells
Xiao Li1, Qingming Shi2, Maomao Chen2, Zeng Yu2*
1
Department of Anatomy, Chengdu Medical College,
Chengdu610500, China.2Department of Centre for Disease
Prevention and Control, Chengdu Military Region,
Chengdu610021, China.
Yaling Qi, Wenjie Zhao, Yan, Tan
Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China (571199)
The MAGE-1 total length sequence was amplified from
SMMC-7721 by PCR and linked to pcDNA3 to construct
pcDNA3-MAGE-1. The expression vector was transfected
into Hepa1-6 cells by lipofectamine, and then the positive
clones were screened by G418. The expressions of mRNA
and protein in positive clones were detected by RT-PCR and
Western blotting.Cell growth and proliferation in Hepa1-6
cells and Hepa1-6-MAGE-1 cells were detected by MTT,
then they were inoculated in the right back subcutaneous of
mice. pcDNA3-MAGE-1 was constructed and transfected
into Hepa1-6 cells, the expressions of MAGE-1 mRNA and
protein were detected in Hepa1-6-MAGE-1 cells by RT-PCR
and Western blotting, there was no statistical difference in
cell proliferation between two groups. The mice were all
infected with tumor in two groups, and there was no
difference in tumor size. The eukaryotic expression vector
pcDNA3-MAGE-1 is successfully constructed, and the
Hepa1-6 cell line which can stably express human MAGE-1
gene is established with good proliferation and tumorigenesis
ability. (Project supported by the natural science foundation
of Hainan Province, No.310051)
D3641
Xiao Li1, Qingming Shi2, Maomao Chen2, Yuanyuan
Jia2*
1
Department of Anatomy, Chengdu Medical College,
Chengdu610500, China.2Department of Centre for Disease
Prevention and Control, Chengdu Military Region,
Chengdu610021, China.
As one of the most fatal cancer worldwide, hepatocellular
carcinoma is one of the leading causes for cancer-related
death. Besides multiple genetic and epigenetic changes of
protein coding genes in hepatocellular carcinoma ,growing
evidence indicated that deregulation of miRNAs can also
contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma development by
influencing cell growth, apoptosis, migration, or invasion. In
our study, we investigated the role of miR-146b in
hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of miR-146b was
up-regulated by miR-146b mimics transfection, or downregulated by miR-146b ASO transfection. Cell proliferation
was assayed by MTT assay. MiRNAs expression were
assayed by qRT-PCR. The role of miR-146b in hepatocellular
carcinoma patients survival was revealed by Kaplan-Meier
plot of overall survival. Lower miR-146b expression level in
hepatocellular carcinoma tissues correlated with worse
prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In
conclusion, MiR-146b were potential predictors of
hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and potential target of
hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
The oncogene function of IKBKE
D3647
Regulatory effect of Hsf1 on PLC/PRF5 hepatoma
cells proliferation
Qiying Jiang, Zhi Zhang, Yanzhong Hu
Key Laboryatory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Institute of Immunology, Medical School of Henan University
ˈKaifeng 475004,China
MiR-146b promoted hepatocellular carcinoma
growth
D3642
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project is a large-scale
collaborative effort to characterize the genomic changes that
occur in cancer. This project has profiled and analyzed large
numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations
at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. Whole
genome structural analyses reveal that one of these kinases,
IKBKE (IKKepsilon), is amplified and overexpressed in
breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors. In this
study, we investigated the role of IKBKE in many different
type of cancer . Base on the prior explore on TCGA, we
further study the oncogene role of IKBKE in many different
type of cancer. We found that up or down regulation of
IKBKE could altered the proliferation or cell apoptosis in
many cancer cell lines. Our study may indicated the
oncogene role of IKBKE in many other types of cancer.
To explore the regulatory effect of Hsf1 on PLC/PRF5
hepatoma cells proliferation. By shRNA gene silencing
technology ˈ constructed PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cell line of
Hsf1 gene silencing.To detect the expression of Hsf1 protein
in PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cells by Western blotting.Through
MTT, plate clone formation assay and detection of cell cycle,
it was studied the proliferation of PLC/PRF5 cell line.
ShRNA-Hsf1 can significantly inhibit the expression of Hsf1
in PLC/PRF5 cells. It can induce PLC/PRF5 cells stopping at
G1 phase of cell cycle, inhibit cell proliferation and colonal
formation ;Silencing Hsf1 caused up-regulation of p53 and
Rb proteins expression in PLC/PRF5 cells. Silencing Hsf1 is
involved in up-regulation of p53 and Rb proteins expression,
which results in inhibiting proliferation of PLC/PRF5
hepatoma cells.
D3648
The function of Hsf1 in SV40T-antigen transformed
HEK293T cell
Qiying Jiang, Zhi Zhang, Yuanfang Ma
Key Laboryatory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Institute of Immunology, Medical School of Henan University
ˈKaifeng 475004,China
Hsf1, a main regulator of the heat shock response in
eukaryotes, can increase the survival in many
pathophysiological conditions. To observe the function of
defective Hsf1 expression in HEK293T cell. ShRNA of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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114
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
human Hsf1 is constructed into the retroviral vector pLTHR
generating the pLTHR-shRNA-hsf1. The shRAN is
transiently transfected into HEK293T cells to silence the
expression of Hsf1.Cell colony formation assay, MTT assay,
Cell cycle assayare used to analyze the SV40T-ag
transformed cell proliferation. The immunoblotting is used to
study the protein expression of hsf1, SV40T-ag, p53, p21,
hsp90, hsp70, hsp25.Defecience of Hsf1 expression can
inhibit the cell growth. Defective Hsf1 could upregulate the
protein expression of p53, pRb and SV40T-ag, and destroy
the association between SV40T-ag and p53 or pRb, which
result in growth inhibition of SV40T-ag transformed cells .
D3649
Regulatory effect of Hsf1 on PLC/PRF5 hepatoma
cells proliferation
Qiying Jiang, Zhi Zhang, Yanzhong Hu
Key Laboryatory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Institute of Immunology, Medical School of Henan University
ˈKaifeng 475004,China
To explore the regulatory effect of Hsf1 on PLC/PRF5
hepatoma cells proliferation. By shRNA gene silencing
technology ˈ constructed PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cell line of
Hsf1 gene silencing.To detect the expression of Hsf1 protein
in PLC/PRF5 hepatoma cells by Western blotting.Through
MTT, plate clone formation assay and detection of cell cycle,
it was studied the proliferation of PLC/PRF5 cell line.
ShRNA-Hsf1 can significantly inhibit the expression of Hsf1
in PLC/PRF5 cells. It can induce PLC/PRF5 cells stopping at
G1 phase of cell cycle, inhibit cell proliferation and colonal
formation ;Silencing Hsf1 caused up-regulation of p53 and
Rb proteins expression in PLC/PRF5 cells. Silencing Hsf1 is
involved in up-regulation of p53 and Rb proteins expression,
which results in inhibiting proliferation of PLC/PRF5
hepatoma cells.
D3654
Recombination and prokaryotic expression of
hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen
Cdc25C
1
2
1
Farong Mo , Shaoyuan Zhuo , Chengxiao Chen ,
Weigan Zhong2, Weixia Nong1, Tianming Huang1,
Buguo Ma1
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangxi Medical
University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, P.R. China;
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P.R. China
Cell division cyclin 25 homolog C(Cdc25C) is considered as
a tumor-associated antigen (GenBank number: NM001790),
which shows overexpression in HCC by RT-PCR method. In
order to study the role of Cdc25C in HCC pathogenesis, we
constructed the prokaryotic vector expressing human Cdc25C
gene. Total RNA were isolated from human HCC cell line
Bel-7404 as a template, and cDNA encoding the human
Cdc25C gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The amplified PCR
product, Cdc25C gene with 1442 bp, was cloned into
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
pMD18-T and pET-32a(+) vectors and sequenced. Next,
pET-32a(+)-Cdc25C was transformed into chemically
competent
BL21(DE3),
BL21(DE3)pLysS
and
Transetta(DE3) to express Cdc25C protein induced by
0.25mmol/L IPTG and ArtMediaTM protein expression
medium, respectively. Finally, TRx-His-Cdc25C fusion
protein around 73 kDa (TRx-His 20 kDa, Cdc25C 53 kDa)
was identified by coomassie staining and tandem mass
spectrometry( MS/MS).
D3657
Effects of Buxue decoction-containing serum on the
hematopoietic reconstructional function of lethally
irradiated mice transplanted muscle satellite cells
Xiaoling Wang1, Shuwu Zhao1, Yufang Chen2,
Yuanyuan Wang2, Tao Wang1*
1.Department of Histology and Embryology, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193,
China. 2. Department of Nursing, Tianjin University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
Muscle satellite cells (MSCs) were believed to represent a
committed stem cell population which could give rise to
multiple lineages in a stem cell-like function, under the right
environmental cues. However, it is unknown about the
process of MSCs differentiation into hematopoietic lineages.
To address this issue, herein, we investigated the effects of
bone marrow stromal cells conditions medium containing
drug-loading serum of Danggui Buxue decoction on the
hematopoietic reconstruction of lethally irradiated mice
transplanted MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Our experiments
demonstrated that the conditioned medium promoted MSCs
proliferation and expression of c-kit, CD45, bcl-2, EPOR
mRNA, CXCR-4 mRNA, c-kit mRNA and CSFR mRNA.
Moreover, the DNA PCR analysis suggested that the Y
chromosome sequence on peripheral blood of mice was
detected in the first 3 weeks, which confirmed the conclusion
that the female receptor cells reconstructed from donor of
hematopoietic male rat.
D3675
Effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression and
release of HMGB1 in macrophages induced by
lipopolysaccharide
Xiuqin Yue, Hongyan Gong, Xiaofang Li, Xiaoran
ZHang, Guoze Liu, Jun Liu,
Department of Anesthesiology, Xinxiang Medical University
First Affiliated Hospital, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression
and release of the high mobility group box-1(HMGB1) in
mouse macrophage cell RAW264.7 induced by
lipopolysaccharide(LPS)ˊ 24h after stimulated by LPSˈthe
cell culture supernatant level of HMGB1 in LPS group was
significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);
the cell culture supernatant level of HMGB1 in D2 and D3
group was significantly lower than that in LPS
group(P<0.05);24h after stimulated by LPSˈthe HMGB1
mRNA expression in LPS group was significantly higher
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
115
than that in the control group(P<0.05);The HMGB1 mRNA
expression in D2 and D3 group were significantly lower than
that in LPS group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the
expression and releasing of HMGB1 by RAW264.7ˈwhich
may be play a role in protect of sepsis by LPS.
D3684
Crocetin a novel chemopreventive agent against
esophageal carcinoma
cellsˈwhich provides a basis for biological functional study
of IP08 gene.
D3707
The effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on
cyclooxygenase-2 expression following focal
cerebral ischemia in rat
Yongmei Zhao, Jie Yin, Feng Yan, Yumin Luo
Sheng Li, Wei Jiang, Yue Zhou, Xiuyin Shen, Tao
Luo, Lingping Kong, Huaqiao Wang*
Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing
100053, China
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan
School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, 510080, China.
*wanghq@mail.sysu.edu.cn
D3705
The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in ischemia-reperfusion rats with
remote ischemic preconditioning on˄RIPC˅in hindlimb in
order to explore the mechanisms of RIPC on cerebral
ischemic injury. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into
sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group
and RIPC+MCAO group. MCAO operation was performed
by using suture method. After 2 h ischemia and 24 h
reperfusion, the expression of COX2 protein in ipsilateral
hemispheres was determined by Western blotting. The results
showed that the neurological deficit score and brain infarct
volume in MCAO group rats increased significantly
compared with those of sham group at 24 h after reperfusion,
which were significantly decreased by RIPC+MCAO
treatment (P < 0.05). At 24 h after reperfusion, the expression
of COX2 protein in ipsilateral hemispheres of MCAO group
rats increased significantly compared with that of sham group
rats (P < 0.05) while the expression of COX2 protein in
RIPC+MACAO group decreased significantly compared with
that of MCAO group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that
RIPC treatment protects against cerebral ischemic injury in
rats, which might be related to the decreased expression of
COX2 in the ischemic brain.
Construction of a recombinant eukaryotic vector of
Importin 8 and its expression in HeLa cells
D3732
Crocetin is the main ingredient of saffron, has been proposed
as a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention. In this
study we investigated the potential effects and the possible
mechanism of Crocetin anticancer property in esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma KYSE-150 cells. KYSE-150 cells
were treated with Crocetin at various concentrations for 48h.
The MTT assay showed that Crocetin had obvious
antiproliferation effects on KYSE-150 cells in a
concentration-dependent manner. Cell morphology changes
observed by microscope and Hoechst33258 staining showed
significant apoptotic changes. Expression of proapoptotic
protein Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated
detected by western blot. These result indicate that Crocetin
exerts a notable chemopreventive effects against esophageal
cancer through the inhibition of cell proliferation as well as
induction of apoptosis.
Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem
cells differentiate into neuron-like cells with the
induction of serum-free medium
Wenxue Fu1, Xiaohua Liu2, Xiangxin Che1, Aiqing Qi1,
Hui Chen1, Xiaolin Huang1,
1
Department of anatomy, 2Affiliated Hospital ,Jiujiang
University, Jiujiang 332000, China
Wu Di, Wu Yan, Liu Xiao Feng, Lv Peng
To construct a vector expressing fusion protein of Importin 8
(IP08) with green fluorescent protein in HeLa cells. The full
length cDNA of IP08 was amplified using reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and cloned into
green fluorescent protein vector phosphorylated enhanced
green fluorescent protein (pEGFP)-C1 to construct
recombinant expression plasmid pEGFP-IP08. Then, the
recombinant plasmids were transfected into HeLa cells. The
results showed that the expression of IP08 was observed and
DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the amplified IP08
gene was in concordance with that published on Gene Bank.
Enzyme digestion and sequence analysis confirmed that the
recombinant plasmid pEGFP-IP08 was constructed
successfully. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy revealed
the fusion protein GFP-IP08 was mainly located in the
nucleus of HeLa cells. We Concluded the IP08 gene was
cloned successfully and the recombinant plasmid were
constructed successfully. The fusion protein GFP-IP08 was
demonstrated to be mainly located in the nucleus of HeLa
Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region,China
In the basic and clinical research, people has paid much
attention to the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
MSCs can differentiate into multiple lineages of mesoderm,
endoderm and ectoderm. There are many induction methods
of MSC differentiating into neurons with high rate have been
reported. MSCs can be derived from different tissue sources,
the most important one is umbilical cord blood (UCB). In this
study, we have successfully isolated MSCs from human
umbilical cord blood and characterized, the aim was to
examine the capability of UCB-MSCs differentiating into
neuron-like cells without using any reagents or growth
factors. In order to cure neurologic diseases totally, the most
pivotal factor is to get directed differentiated nerve cells.
D3753
The effect of srGAP3 expression regulated by miR214 on sensory neurons regeneration
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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116
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Xu Dong1, Jie An2, Haiying Zhang1, Xianfang Zhang1,
Xinan Yi1
1
Institute of Neurosciences, Hainan Medical College, Haikou
571199, China; 2Department of orthopedics, Xiangya
Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
Previous researches indicated that miR-214 expression was
down-regulated in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion
(DRG) after injury, and miR-214 was targeted to axon
guidance factors (like Robo, srGAP). However, the role of
miR-214 in this pathway was still unclear. Our study was
aimed to detect miR-214 and srGAP3 expression in rat
normal and injured DRGs respectively, transfect miR-214
Mimics or Hairpin Inhibitors into DRG primary cultures, and
examine the changes of neurite outgrowth. Results were as
follows: (1) miR-214 and srGAP3 could be expressed in the
same neuron; (2) 1 to 7 days after sciatic nerve transection,
miR-214 level was significantly decreased, while srGAP3
was increased and negatively related to miR-214; (3)
compared with Hairpin Inhibitors and blank control, the
quantity and total length of neurite were obviously upregulated at the Mimics concentration of 5nM for 2 days
(p<0.05). These suggested that miR-214 could modulate
sensory neurons regeneration, and this might be correlated
with srGAP3.
D3776
Cell-cell contact induces differentiation of MSCs
into neuron-like cells
Chaoxian Yang, Li Den, Xiaoqing Gao, Lan Wang,
Yansheng Liao
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Luzhou Medical
College, Luzhou 646000; Chengdu Medical College
To study the influence of neuron contact on the
differentiation o f mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into
neuron-like cells. MSCs and neurons of rat were co-cultured
with or without direct cell–cell contact in vitro.
Morphological change of MSCs was observed and neural
marker proteins (ȕ-Tubulin, GFAP) were detected by
immunofluorescence staining. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the
expressions of Neuro-D and Ngn1 mRNA. After co-cultured
with neurons for 7 days, part of MSCs had typical neuronallike phenotype, in addition, expression levels of Neuro-D and
Ngn1 mRNA and the percentages of NSE and GFAP-positive
cells in direct cell–cell contact group were higher than that in
indirect cell–cell contact group (p<0.05). Direct contact of
neurons can promote the differentiation of MSCs into
neuron-like cells.
D3783
Activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt by IGF-1 on
GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons with
excitotoxicity induced by glutamate in vitro
Zhen Liu, Zhenzhong Li
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor
and plays an important role in promoting axonal growth from
dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whether IGF-1
influences growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression
and activates the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase
(ERK1/2) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
pathways in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by
glutamate (Glu) is still unclear. Organotypically cultured
embryonic 15-day-old rat DRG were used to evlauate these
effects. IGF-1 alone increased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels
in the absence of Glu. The decreased GAP-43 and its mRNA
levels caused by Glu could be partially reversed by the
presence of IGF-1. IGF-1 rescued neuronal cell death caused
by Glu. Neither the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 nor the PI3K
inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effect of IGF-1, but both
inhibitors together were effective. To validate the impact of
GAP-43 expression by IGF-1, GAP-43 induction was
blocked by administration of dexamethasone (DEX). IGF-1
partially rescued the decreses of GAP-43 and its mRNA
levels induced by DEX. IGF-1 may play an important role in
neuroprotective effects on DRG neurons through regulating
GAP-43 expression with excitotoxicity induced by Glu and
the process was involved in both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt
signaling pathways.
D3784
Alterations in tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk)
expression induced by insulin-like growth factor-1
in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons
Hao Li, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor
expressed in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
Whether IGF-1 and its signaling pathways influence the
expression of tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB, and
TrkC in DRG neurons remains unknown. Primary cultured
DRG neurons were used to determine the effects of IGF-1 on
TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC expression. The involvement of
extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and
the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
signaling pathways on IGF-1 were also evaluated. The results
indicated that in primary cultured DRG neurons, IGF-1
increased the expression of TrkA and TrkB and their mRNAs
but not TrkC or its mRNA. Neither the ERK1/2 inhibitor
PD98059 nor the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 alone blocked the
effect of IGF-1, but the use of both inhibitors together was
effective. IGF-1 may play an important role in regulating the
expression of different Trk receptors in DRG neurons
through the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These
results suggest that IGF-1 signaling might be potential target
on modifying distinct Trk receptor-mediated biological
effects.
D3787
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117
through ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. The
contribution of distinct Trk receptors might be one of the
mechanisms that IGF-1 rescues dying neurons from Glu
excitotoxic injury. These data imply that IGF-1 signaling
might be a potential target on modifying distinct Trk
receptor-mediated biological effects of primary sensory
neurons with excitotoxicity.
Erythropoietin attenuates oxidative stress and
apoptosis in Schwann cells isolated from
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Ting Yu, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
D3790
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common,
least recognized, and most poorly understood long-term
complication of diabetes. Currently, no effective treatment is
known for DPN beyond tight glycemic control. High glucoseinduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells
(SCs) are mechanisms that contribute to the development of
DPN. In this study, SCs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats and normal rats were exposed to high (35.6 mmol/L) or
normal (5.6 mmol/L) glucose with or without erythropoietin
(EPO, 10U/ml). Our data indicated that EPO improved cell
viability and decreased apoptosis in SCs of diabetic rats in
high and normal glucose culture conditions. EPO also
attenuated oxidative stress by elevating the total glutathione
(GSH) level of SCs and decreasing the intracellular reactive
oxygen species (ROS) level. SCs from diabetic rats exhibited
higher EPO mRNA and EPOR mRNA levels than normal
rats, regardless of whether the SCs were grown in high or
normal glucose culture conditions. EPO treatment seemed to
have no significant influence on EPO mRNA and EPOR
mRNA levels in SCs in normal and high glucose culture
conditions. Our ¿ndings provide new insights into
understanding the pathogenic process of DPN as well as
novel pharmacological mechanisms underlying the
therapeutic effect of EPO.
D3789
Neuroprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor1: effects on tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk)
expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons with
glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in vitro
Hao Li, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on embryonic
dorsal root ganglion neurons with neurotoxicity
induced by ethanol
Hongtu Yuan, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Studies have established that ethanol (EtOH) consumption
results in damage to the peripheral nervous systems.
Although the pathobiological mechanism is still unclear,
oxidative stress is known to play an important role in EtOHinduced neurotoxicity. Because resveratrol (Res) is attracting
increased attention due to its antioxidative properties, we
investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of Res in ethanoltreated embryonic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in
vitro. Organotypic DRG explants and a dispersed cell culture
model were used to evaluate the effects of Res on EtOHinduced neurotoxicity. Res increased the number of extended
nerve fibers and neurons that migrated from the DRG
explants.
Hoechst
33342
staining
and
terminal
deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-endlabeling analysis showed that the EtOH-induced apoptosis
was inhibited by Res. The effects of Res were blocked by the
5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
inhibitor Compound C and the sirtuin 1 inhibitor
nicotinamide. The elevation of oxidative/nitrosative stress, as
measured by the amount of reactive oxygen species,
malondialdehyde, nitrite, glutathione and superoxide
dismutase activity, was also attenuated by Res. The data from
the present study indicate that Res protects DRG neurons
from EtOH-induced neurotoxicity. Res and its derivative may
be effective for the treatment of diseases characterized by
axonopathy and neuron loss induced by EtOH.
D3791
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may play an important
role in regulating the expression of distinct tyrosine kinase
receptor (Trk) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
Glutamate (Glu) induces neuronal excitotoxicity of primary
sensory neurons. It is not known whether IGF-1 influences
expression of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC in DRG neurons with
excitotoxicity induced by Glu. Primary cultured DRG
neurons with Glu-induced excitotoxicity were used to
determine the effects of IGF-1 on TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC
expression. The results showed that IGF-1 increased the
expression of TrkA and TrkB and their mRNAs, but not TrkC
and its mRNA, in primary cultured DRG neurons with
excitotoxicity induced by Glu. Neither the extracellular
signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059
nor the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor
LY294002 blocked the effect of IGF-1, but both inhibitors
together were effective. IGF-1 may play an important role in
regulating different Trk receptor expression in DRG neurons
Neurotoxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether on
dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro
Peng Xin, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is the predominant
congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and is
the most widely used PBDE globally and has been shown to
cause developmental neurotoxicity. There are still many
unknowns about the neurotoxicity of BDE-209 on primary
sensory neurons. In the present study, primary cultured dorsal
root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to determine the
neurotoxic effects of BDE-209. The dissociate cultured DRG
neurons at 48 h of culture age were exposed to 0 ȝmol/L
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(vehicle solusion), 10 ȝmol/L BDE-209, 20 ȝmol/L BDE209, and 40 ȝmol/L BDE-209, respectively, for an additional
72 h. The DRG neurons were continuously cultured in culture
medium as a control. The results showed that BDE-209
inhibited neurite outgrowth and neuronal cell viability of
DRG neurons. BDE-209 exposure significantly decreased the
activity of antioxidative compound glutathione (GSH) levels.
BDE-209 exposure caused apoptotic neuronal cell death.
BDE-209 decreased growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43)
expression. It is concluded that BDE-209 exposure was able
to interfere several intracellular processes and important
protein expression. These in vitro neurotoxicity data will
provide an opportunity to evaluate the risks of prenatal or
postnatal exposure to BDE-209 on neurodevelopment of
peripheral nervous system.
D3792
Resveratrol relieves alcoholic peripheral
neuropathy in rats
Hongtu Yuan, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Excessive drinking can lead to alcoholic peripheral
neuropathy (APN). Resveratrol (Res) has been suggested as
an antioxidant and anti-inflammation agent. The effects of
Res on APN and its underlying mechanisms were
investigated by using an APN rat model. The result showed
that Res (50 mg/kg) alleviated mechanical allodynia and
thermal hyperalgesia in ethanol (EtOH)-treated rats. The
microstructure changes were improved after Res
administration in EtOH-treated rats. Res increased the levels
of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
decreased the lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), tumor
necrosis factor-Į (TNF-Į), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)
production in sciatic nerve of EtOH-treated rats. EtOH
treatment induced an elevation of serum levels of TNF-Į, IL6, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which could be inhibited by
Res. Res may play an important role in relief of pathologic
changes in the development of APN through increasing GSH
and SOD production and decreasing lipid peroxidation, NO,
TNF-Į, and IL-6 production in sciatic nerve and inhibiting
TNF-Į, IL-6, and LPS secretion to serum. These findings
provide rationale and experimental evidence for development
of Res therapeutic strategy to alleviate APN.
D3793
The effects of galanin on dorsal root ganglion
neurons with high glucose treatment in vitro
Xiaofeng Xu, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
The exposure of neurons to high glucose concentrations is
considered a determinant of diabetic neuropathy. The
extracellular high concentration of glucose can cause
neuronal cellular damage. Galanin (Gal) participates in
energy homeostasis and glucoregulation as well as processes
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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of sensory information. Using an in vitro model of high
glucose-treated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in
culture, the effects of Gal on intracellular reactive oxygen
species (ROS) expression, cell viability, apoptosis,
expression of Gal and its receptor of DRG neurons were
investigated. The results showed that high glucose caused a
rapid increasing intracellular ROS, decreases of cell viability,
and upregulation of Gal and its mRNA. Exogenous Gal
inhibited the effects caused by high glucose. Interestingly,
high glucose caused downregulation of GalR1 and its mRNA
and exogenous Gal could further decrease their expression,
whereas expression of GalR2 and its mRNA was not affected
in different experimental conditions. These results indicate
for the first time that Gal and its receptor system are involved
in high glucose-induced DRG neuronal injury. The
contribution of exogenous Gal on neuroprotection appears to
be quite significant. These data provide rationale and
experimental evidence for development and further studies of
Gal on therapeutic strategy for improving diabetic
neuropathy.
D3795
The effects of neuregulin-1ȕ on neuronal
phenotypes of primary cultured dorsal root
ganglion neurons by activation of PI3K/Akt
Zhen Liu, Zhenzhong Li
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
Neuregulin-1ȕ (NRG-1ȕ) signaling regulates neuronal
development, migration, myelination, and synaptic
maintenance. The neuropeptide- and neurofilament (NF)immunoreactive (IR) neurons are two major phenotypical
classes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). To assess the effects
of NRG-1ȕ on DRG neuronal phenotypes, embryonic rat
DRG neuronal culture model was established. DRG neurons
were exposed to NRG-1ȕ (5 nmol/L), NRG-1ȕ (10 nmol/L),
NRG-1ȕ (20 nmol/L), NRG-1ȕ (20 nmol/L) plus LY294002
(10 ȝmol/L) for 3 days, respectively, and then were processed
for double fluorescent labeling of calcitonin gene-related
peptide (CGRP) or neurofilament-200 (NF-200) and
microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2). The percentage of
CGRP-IR neurons and NF-200-IR neurons was counted. The
expression of CGRP mRNA and NF-200 mRNA was
analyzed by real time-PCR analysis. The percentage of
CGRP-IR, but not NF-200-IR, neurons increased
significantly in the presence of NRG-1ȕ compared with that
in the absence of NRG-1ȕ. The levels of CGRP mRNA, but
not NF-200 mRNA, increased significantly in the presence of
NRG-1ȕ compared with that in the absence of NRG-1ȕ. PI3K
inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effects of NRG-1ȕ. These
results support an important role for exogenous NRG-1ȕ in
induction of the distinct neuronal phenotype response by
activation of PI3K/Akt in sensory neurons.
D3797
The protective effects of resveratrol on Schwann
cells with toxicity induced by ethanol in vitro
Hongtu Yuan, Zhenzhong Li
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
119
Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of
Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
* zli@sdu.edu.cn
D3801
Schwann cells (SCs) are the myelin forming cells in the
peripheral nervous system, they play a key role in the
pathology of various polyneuropathies and provide trophic
support to axons via expression of various neurotrophic
factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived
neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Ethanol (EtOH) adversely
affected both SCs proliferation and myelin formation in
culture. Resveratrol (Res) has been shown to regulate many
cellular processes and to display multiple protective and
therapeutic effects. The protective efficacy of Res on EtOHtreated SCs in vitro was investigated in the present study. Res
improved the cell viability and decreased apoptosis of the
EtOH-treated SCs. The effects of Res were blocked by the 5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor
Compound C and the silencing information regulator T1
inhibitor nicotinamide. Res could increase the mRNA and
protein levels of BDNF and GDNF in the EtOH-treated SCs.
However, the EtOH-induced increase of NGF in the SCs is
inhibited by Res. The data indicate that Res protects SCs
from EtOH-induced cell death and regulates the expression of
neurotrophic factors. Res and its derivative may be effective
for the treatment of neuropathic diseases induced by EtOH.
D3800
Capsaicin-induced activation of ERK12 and its
involvement in GAP-43 expression and CGRP
depletion in organotypically cultured DRG neurons
Yunfeng Li1, Zhen Liu2
1
Department of Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu
hospital, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of Anatomy,
Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012,
China.
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
Low concentrations of capsaicin (CAP) stimulate and high
concentrations of CAP can be toxic to the primary sensory
neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). CAP induces the
phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein
kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in DRG neurons. The effect of the
activation of ERK1/2 by different concentrations of CAP on
growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression and
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) depletion in DRG
neurons remains unknown. Organotypic embryonic 15-dayold (E15) rat DRG were used to determine the effect of
different concentrations of CAP on GAP-43 expression and
CGRP depletion. The results showed that GAP-43 and
pERK1/2 protein levels increased at a low concentration (2
μmol/L) of CAP and decreased at a higher concentration (10
μmol/L). The number of CGRP-immunoreactive (IR)
migrating neurons also decreased in CAP-treated cultures.
The increase in GAP-43 levels and CGRP depletion could be
blocked by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. These results
imply that CAP at different concentrations has different
effects on GAP-43 expression and CGRP depletion. ERK1/2
activation was involved in these effects in organotypically
cultured DRG neurons stimulated with CAP. These data may
provide new insights for further development potential
therapeutic applications of CAP with moderate dose on
neurogenic inflammation.
CNTF regulates neurite outgrowth and neuronal
migration through JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt
signaling pathways of DRG explants with gp120induced neurotoxicity in vitro
Huaxiang Liu1, Yanwen Bi2, Zhen Liu3
1
Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu
hospital, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of
Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu hospital, Jinan
250012, China; 3Department of Anatomy, Shandong
University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 is highly related to HIV
infection-related peripheral neuropathy, but its mechanism of
action remain incompletely understood. The therapy of this
neuropathy remains a big clinical challenge for neurologists.
The organotypically cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
explants were used to test the neurotoxic actions of gp120
and the therapeutic effcets of ciliary neurotrophic factor
(CNTF) on gp120-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed
that gp120 exposure inhibited neurite outgrowth and neuronal
migration from organotypically cultured DRG explants. HIVgp120 also inhibited growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43)
and its mRNA expression and induced apoptosis of the
migrating neurons. CNTF administration improved neurite
outgrowth, neuronal migration, and GAP-43 expression
inhibited by gp120. CNTF also rescued neuronal apoptosis
induced by gp120. Either Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor
AG490 or phosphatidyl inositol-3'-phosphate-kinase (PI3K)
inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effects of CNTF. These data
imply that CNTF improved neuronal status by promoting
GAP-43 expression and inhibiting apoptosis through
JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
(STAT3) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways of DRG explants
with gp120-induced neurotoxicity. These data offered a new
clue for elucidating the mechanisms of HIV infection-related
peripheral neuropathy and facilitating the development of
novel therapy.
D3802
Different responses of galanin and calcitonin generelated peptide to capsaicin stimulation on dorsal
root ganglion neurons in vitro
Yunfeng Li1, Zhen Liu2
1
Department of Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu
hospital, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of Anatomy,
Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012,
China.
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
Both galanin (Gal) and calcitonin gene-related peptide
(CGRP) are sensory neuropeptides which expressed in dorsal
root ganglion (DRG) neurons and are involved in nociceptive
processing. Capsaicin (CAP) influences nociceptive
processing via influencing the expression of sensory
neuropeptides in primary sensory neurons. However, little is
known about the alterations of Gal and CGRP expression at
the same condition stimulated by CAP. In the present study,
primary cultured DRG neurons were used to determine the
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different responses of Gal and CGRP to CAP stimulation.
After exposed to CAP (2 ȝmol/L), capsazepine (CPZ) (2
ȝmol/L) plus CAP (2 ȝmol/L), or extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 (10
ȝmol/L) plus CAP (2 ȝmol/L) for 24 h, the levels of Gal
mRNA and CGRP mRNA of DRG neurons were determined
using real time-PCR analysis. Gal and CGRP expression in
situ was detected by immunofluorescent labeling. The results
showed that CAP evoked increases of Gal and its mRNA and
decreases of CGRP and its mRNA in DRG neurons.
Administraion of either CPZ or PD98059 blocked the effects
of CAP. These data indicate that Gal and CGRP shared
different responses to CAP stimulation. Gal and CGRP may
have different effects in nociceptive processing during
neurogenic inflammation.
D3805
The protective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1
on different subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion
neurons with neurotoxicity induced by gp120 and
dideoxycytidine in vitro
Huaxiang Liu1, Yanwen Bi2, Zhen Liu3
1
Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu
hospital, Jinan 250012, China; 2Department of
Cardiosurgery, Shandong University Qilu hospital, Jinan
250012, China; 3Department of Anatomy, Shandong
University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
*zhen@sdu.edu.cn
Peripheral neuropathy induced by human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy is not only
difficult to distinguish in clinical practice, but also difficult to
relieve the pain symptoms by analgesics because of the
severity of the disease at the later stage. Hence, to explore the
mechanisms of HIV-related neuropathy and find new
therapeutic options are particularly important for relieving
neuropathic pain symptoms of the patients. In the present
study, primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
neurons were used to determine the neurotoxic effects of
HIV-gp120 protein and/or antiretroviral drug dideoxycytidine
(ddC) and the therapeutic actions of insulin-like growth
factor-1 (IGF-1) on gp120- or ddC-induced neurotoxicity.
The results showed that gp120 and/or ddC caused
neurotoxicity of primary cultured DRG neurons.
Interestingly, the severity of neurotoxicity induced by gp120
and ddC was different in different subpopulation of DRG
neurons. gp120 mainly affected large diameter DRG neurons,
whereas ddC mainly affected small and medium diameter
DRG neurons. IGF-1 could reverse the neurotoxicity induced
by gp120 and/or ddC on small or medium, but not large,
DRG neurons. These data provide new insights in elucidating
the pathogenesis of HIV infection- or antiretroviral therapyrelated peripheral neuropathy and facilitating the
development of novel treatment strategies.
D3825
Diallyl disulfide-induced gastric cancer growth
inhibition is associated with histone acetylation
resulting in upregulation of p21WAF1 expression
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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He Hui1,2, Su Bo1,2, Su Qi1,2, Xiang Shu Lin2, Su
Jian2,3.
1
Center for Gastric Cancer Research of Hunan
Province, First Affiliated hospital, University of South
China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China; 2Key Laboratory of
Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Hunan
Provincial University, Cancer Research Institute, University
of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, China;
3
Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan,
P.R.China
Huston hypoacetylation is among the most common
epigenetic modifications in cancers. Deregulation of histone
deacetylation is implicated in the silencing of tumor
suppressor genes, such as p21WAF1, in cancer development
and progression. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors,
which could reactivate epigenetically silenced genes by
modulating histone acetylation, have been used for some
cancer therapies in clinical trials. Diallyl disulfide (DADS),
one of organosulfur constituents derived from garlic, has
been identified as a potential inhibitor to reduce HDAC
activity. We demonstrated that DADS increased acetylated
histones H3 and H4 in gastric cancer cells in vitro,
concomitant with upregulated p21WAF1 protein expression.
These effects were consistent with DADS-induced G2/M
phase cell cycle arrest. The results of in vivo experiments
showed that DADS also caused G2/M phase arrest and
growth inhibition of xenografted gastric cancer cells.
Hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 induced by
administration of DADS was accompanied by increased
p21WAF1 protein levels. These data indicate that DADS can
induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition of
human gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The
mechanism underlying these effects of DADS may in part
due to increased p21WAF1 expression resulting from histone
hyperacetylation.
D3834
The expression of monocyte chemoattactant
protein-1 in amygdala of mice with chronic
inflammatory pain
Yulin Dong1, Deli Cao2, Zhijun Zhang1, Yongjing
Gao2, Hengjian Ni1
1
Dept of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong
University; 2Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong
University, 226001
To observe the expression and cellular distribution of
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and CCR2 in
amygdala following complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)
induced chronic inflammatory pain.ķMechanical allodynia
and heat hyperalgesia were examined by behavioral test. ĸ
The MCP-1 and CCR2 mRNA in amygdala were detected by
real-time PCR. ĹThe cellular distributions of MCP-1-IR and
CCR2-IR were checked by immunofluorescence doublestaining. ķ The ipsilateral hind paw withdrawal threshold
and latency decreased significantly at 1 h after CFA injection
(P<0.001), and maintained this low level for more than 7
days. ĸ The expression of MCP-1 mRNA in amygdala
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121
increased at 1 day, reached its peak at 7 day (P<0.01), then
continued to 14 day. The expression of CCR2 mRNA was
similar to MCP-1. ĹThe MCP-1-IR and CCR2-IR cells were
colocalized with the neuronal marker, NeuN. Conclusion
The enhanced expression of MCP-1/CCR2 in amygdala may
be involved in the maintenance of CFA induced
inflammatory pain.
D3877
Aȕ-Stimulated BMDCs combined with spleenderived cells attenuates learning and memory
deficits and Prevents AD Pathology in
APPswe/PSENldE9 mice
D3839
Ruixi Li, Fei Wang, Yuwen Peng, Chunmin Liang
Influence of the Astragalus Injection on
perihematomal mitochondrial Mn-SOD and Cyt-c
expression in Rats
Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai,
200032, China
Yi Qin, Guanghui Liu, Liang Liang, Jian Zhao
Dept. of Anatomy, Ningxia Med. University, Yinchuan
To observe Astragalus injection on perihematomal
mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD)
and cytochrome C (Cyt-c) in rats. SD rats were randomly
divided into four groups, namely the normal group, sham
operation group, model group and treatment group˗rat tail
artery autologous blood was injected into the model
established by cerebral hemorrhage, detected by xanthine
oxidase
perihematomal
brain
Mn-SOD
activity;
immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of brain
tissue Mn-SOD, Cyt-c expression. The brain hemorrhage
model group Mn-SOD activity and expression were higher
than normal group and sham group were significantly lower
(P <0.05), Cyt-c was significantly increased (P <0.05); MnSOD activity and Cyt -c expression was negatively correlated
(P<0.05)˗astragalus treatment group Mn-SOD activity and
expression compared with the model group in 3d, 7d is
obviously increased (P <0.05), Cyt-c expression exists at
each time point were significantly lower (P <0.05).
Astragalus may by increasing perihematomal mitochondria
Mn-SOD activity and expression, reduced Cyt-c release and
improve mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby inhibiting
perihematomal apoptosis.
Anti-Aȕ immunotherapy could reduce amyloid plaques and
amyloid-associated pathologies, attenuate learning and
memory deficits in AD animal models. Immune senescence
has been proved to play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis,
which affects anti-Aȕ immunotherapy possibly. In the present
study, an Aȕ1-42 -BMDCs treatment combined with
intraperitoneal injection of spleen-derived cells from young
mice was designed as a novel immunotherapy for AD in
APPswe/PSEN1de9 transgenic mice. We demonstrated that
this combined treatment elevated level of anti-Aȕ antibodies,
ameliorated cognitive impairment, and reduced amyloid
plaques in brain, while the treatment with Aȕ1-42 -BMDCs
alone did not achieve these improvements. The combined
treatment also increased CD68 positive microglial cells in the
vicinity of amyloid plaques in brain, and the CD68 positive
microglial cells could phagocytose Aȕ without increasing
activated GFAP positive astrocytes. In conclusion, the Aȕ BMDCs treatment combined with spleen-derived cells from
young mice improves the phagocytosis of microglia and
prevents AD pathology more effectively compared with antiAȕ immunotherapy alone, which provides an opportunity to
prevent the progression of AD.
D3883
Effects of acute hypoxia on expression of 3-mst in
rats medulla oblongata
Nie Zheng
D3869
Study on methylation of APC gene in bladder
cancer
Department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology
of Chengdu Medical College.Chengdu Sichuan 610500
Yan Wang, Hongxin Yang, Xiulan Liu, Xiaodan Li,
Xiaohong Yan
Department of Cell biology; Inner Mongolia Medical
University; Hohhot
By the detection of the promotor methylation status of APC
˄adenomatous polyposis coli) gene in bladder cancer, to
investigate the methylation status of the promoter of APC
gene in the tissues of bladder cancer and its role in
tumorigenesis. Methylation status of APC gene promoter
was detected by methylation specific PCR in 30 bladder
cancer tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues.
APC promoter methylation was observed in 11/30 and 1/30
in bladder cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues,
methylation of APC gene in bladder cancer increased
significantly compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues.
Hypermethylation of APC is related to tumorigenesis, the
detection of promoter methylation is beneficial for the early
diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
To investigate the expression of 3-Mercaptopyruvate
sulfurtransferase in medulla oblongata of rats and effects of
acute hypoxia on their expressions. 14 Sprage-Dawley rats
were randomly divided into normal control group,acute
hypoxia group,Acute hypoxia models of rats were
established. The expression levels of 3-MST were determined
by RT-PCR and Western-blot in the medulla oblongata of
normal group,acute hypoxia group. The RT-PCR results
showed that 3-MST mRNA were detected in the medulla
oblongata of normal control group.the expression levels of 3MST mRNA were significantly increased in the rats with
acute hypoxia group(P<0.05), The Western-blot results
showed that 3-MST protein also expressed in the medulla
oblongata of normal control group, and the level of 3-MST
protein expression was higher in the acute hypoxia group
than that in the normal group (P<0.05). The expression of 3MST were existed in the medulla oblongata of normal
rats.Acute hypoxia can up-regulated the expression of 3-MST
in the medulla oblongata of rats. It suggests that H2S
produced under action of 3-MST in medulla oblongata may
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be involved in the respiratory response and protective effects
of respiratory centers injury induced by acute hypoxia
Molecular Genetic Analysis of p23 in vivo
haplotype 5 were lower in asthmatics (9%) than in normal
subjects (15.4%) in dominant model. These results suggest
that the polymorphisms and haplotypes of ALOX5 gene may
be useful for the predictive genetic marker for the risk of
asthma.
Chengzhe Piao
D3906
D3885
Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University Medical
College, Yanji 133000ˈChina
P23 is a co-chaperone for the heat shock protein, hsp90,
binding hsp90 and participating in folding of a number of cell
regulatory proteins. To determine the role of p23 in
tumorigenesis, we generated the p23-overexpressing HepG2
cell line and transgenic mice. p23-overexpressing HepG2 cell
formed larger tumor mass than that of parental HepG2 cell
upon injection into nude mice. Furthermore, several tumors
including leiomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and
lymphoma spontaneously developed in p23 transgenic mice
at average 18 months age. To verify the mechanism of p23mediated tumorigenic activity, we investigated the
deregulated molecules in p23-overexpressing system.
Interestingly, we found that p23 increased the level of Bcl-2
protein via reducing the ubiquitination of Bcl-2
independently of hsp90 and decreased the endogenous ROS
level by antioxidants. In addition we also confirmed that
H2O2-induced apoptosis is blocked by p23. The further
results from the investigation toward the molecular
mechanism will be presented.
Sulforaphane protects rodent retinas against
ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of
the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway
Meihua He, Hong Pan, Yan Zhang, Liju Luan
Department of Anatomy & Embryology, School of Basic
Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijingˈ China
The Association of Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms of ALOX5 Gene with Its Gene
Expression and IgE Synthesis in B Lymphocytes
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with
many ocular diseases. Sulforaphane (SF) has cytoprotective
effects against oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to
determine whether SF has protective effect on retina neuronal
cells subjected to I/R injury. Rats were injected
intraperitoneally with either vehicle or SF (12.5 mg/kg) once
a day for 1 week. Retinal I/R was induced by increasing the
intraocular pressure (IOP) to 130 mmHg for 60 minutes
followed by 24 hours or 7 days of reperfusion. I/R induced a
marked increase of ROS generation, pronounced
inflammation, apoptosis of RGCs and amacrine cells and
thinning of the inner retinal layer (IRL), which were
diminished or abolished by SF pretreatment. Moreover, SF
treatment significantly increased the nuclear accumulation of
Nrf2 and the level of HO-1 expression in retinas after I/R
injury. An HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP, diminished the protective
effects of SF on I/R retinas. These results suggested that SF
had protective effects on I/R retinas through the activation of
the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.
Chengzhe Piao
D3930
D3886
Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University Medical
College, Yanji 133000ˈChina
The leukotrienes constitute a group of arachidonic acidderived compounds with biologic activities suggesting
important roles in inflammation and immediate
hypersensitivity, especially in the case of asthma. The 5lipoxygenase is a key enzyme catalyzing the formation of
leukotrienes. Through direct DNA sequencing of ALOX5
gene on chromosome 10q11.2 for 24 chinese, we identified
29 polymorphisms. Among these, we choose 5 SNPs
considering the location of SNPs, MAF and LD, and
genotyped for these SNPs in 267 normal subjects and 725
asthmatics. In the analysis for the association of SNPs with
the risk of asthma, we found that -754C>G on promoter
region and +21757G>A on intron of ALOX5 gene were
associated with asthma(p=0.001~0.041). The frequencies of
common allele homozygote on -754C>G and +21757G>A
were higher in asthmatic than that in normal subjects
(dominant model, asthmatics vs normal subjects, -754CC;
89.7 vs 83.1%, +21757GG; 39.4 vs 29.3%). Furthermore,
haplotype 1 and 5 of ALOX5 showed significant distortion of
the haplotype distribution between normal subjects and
asthmatics. (p=0.001~0.011). The frequency of haplotype 1
were higher in asthmatics (22.9%) than in normal subjects
(14.6%) in recessive model. In contrast, The frequency of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Long Noncoding RNA-mediated regulation of BCL2 expression in Prostate cancers
Ruitao Zhang1,2, Benyi Li2
1
Departments of Pharmacology, Medical science college of
China three George University, Yichang 443000, China
2
Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical
Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
While the long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a large
portion of the mammalian transcriptome, their biological
functions has remained elusive. By comparing the mRNA
and ncRNAs expression patterns of normal versus tumor
tissue of the human prostate, we identified 4 ncRNAs
associated with BCL-2 gene. These ncRNAs are
overexpressed in prostatic tumors in comparison to matched
non-malignant
prostate
compartments.
Real-Time
quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of
BCL-2 mRNA and ncRNA-3 are highly over-expressed in
parallel with a high degree of correlation in 9 prostate cancer
cell lines (Correlation coefficient=0.732, P value=0.025), 22
prostate
tumors
(Correlation
coefficient=0.954,
P
value=0.000) and 22 non-malignant prostate tissues
(Correlation coefficient=0.914, P value=0.000). Our data
revealed that Bcl-2 expression decreased dramatically
following ncRNA-3 siRNA transfection. Taken together, our
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123
data indicate that ncrNA expression is altered and might
playing an important role in prostate cancers although further
mechanistic study is desirable.
D3946
PIGF protects cortical neurons in vitro from
cerebral ischemia injury by activation of ERK 1/2
and induction of Bcl-2
Cong Gai, Hongmei Sun, Xiaogang Gong, Jing Feng
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
Placental growth factor (PIGF) has been demonstrated to
express in CNS and involve in cerebral ischemia injury. Our
study explored the mechanisms about the neuroprotective
effects of PIGF on cortical neuronal apoptosis caused by
oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD treated primary
neurons were exposed to PIGF and inhibitors of
phosphoinositide-3 kinase or mitogen activated protein
kinase (MAPK). The viability, apoptosis, levels of Bax, Bcl2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT were
measured. The data showed OGD increased apoptosis and
Bcl-2/Bax ratio, while PIGF mitigated OGD-induced
decreases
in
neuronal
survival,
Bcl-2
expression, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and elevation of
Bax level. We found that only PD98059 reduced the ability
of PIGF which protect neurons from OGD. These
demonstrated PIGF anti-apoptotic effect against OGD is
largely mediated via MAPK and Bcl-2. These also indicated
the PIGF utility in preserving the viability of cerebral
ischemia neurons.
The positive expression of caveolin in myocardial
capillary vessel
Lin Pan1, Jianyan Wen2, Changan Yu3
1
Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,100029, China; 2Department of
cardiovascular surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Beijing,100029, China; 3Department of cardiology, ChinaJapan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100 029, China
Caveolin is the major structural protein in caveolae and play
important roles in angiogenesis. But the role of caveolin in
myocardial capillary vessel is not quite clear. Thus we
investigated the expression of caveolin in type 1 diabetes
mellitus ( T1DM) rat heart. Formalin-fixed and paraffin
embedded sections of heart from 9 months old T1DM rat
were stained with Envision assay by using specific antibodies
against caveolin. The caveolin was expressed in rat heart and
the calibers of myocardial capillary vessel vary. Our results
suggest that caveolin may play as a good capillary vessell
marker during the angiogenesis in heart.
Changes of advanced glycation end-product
expression in the gastrointestinal tract of type 2
diabetic rats
Pengmin Chen1, Jingbo Zhao2, Hans Gregersen2
Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical
Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029
Beijing, China; 2Mech-Sense, Aalborg Hospital, DK 9000
Aalborg, Denmark
To investigate the levels of advanced glycation of endproducts (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) expression in the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract in type 2 diabetic rats. GK diabetic
rats and age-matched normal rats were used in the study.
From 18 weeks old, the body weight and blood glucose were
measured regularly.When rats arrived in 32 weeks old, the
esophageal, duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic segments
were excised. The AGE (N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine
and N epsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine) and RAGE were
detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The AGE and
RAGE widely distributed in epithelial cells in the intestinal
and colonic segments as well as striated muscle cells in the
esophagus. RAGE also distributed in neurons in the
segments. The location of AGE and RAGE distribution in the
GI tract is same between Normal and GK groups. However
the intensity of immune-staining for AGE in all segments and
for RAGE in the neurons of small intestine and colon is
stronger in GK group than in Normal group.
D4082
Expression of Protein-disulfide isomeraseassociated 3 in pancreas and liver of Diet-induced
Obesity’s Rat
Shujuan Shi, Ying Cai, Jie Han, Qiming Wang, Derun
Tian
Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Basic
Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, China.
D3968
D3970
1
The chronic disease which caused by obesity has serious risk
in the developed world. Obesity induced endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress is resulted from the accumulation of
misfolded proteins during stress conditions. Protein-disulfide
isomerase-associated 3 (PDIA3) is an enzymatic molecular
chaperone for ER. This study investigated the expression of
PDIA3 in pancreas and liver of diet-induced obesity (DIO)
and diet-resistant (DR) SD rat model by high fat diet feeding.
We used immunofluorescence and western blotting to detect
protein expression of PDIA3. The mRNA expressions of
PDIA3 were measured by real-time PCR. The results
demonstrated PDIA3 were significantly over expressed of
DIO rats and down regulated of DR rats in pancreas and
liver. Our results indicate that PDIA3 may contribute to the
ERS by accumulating misfolded proteins in pancreas and
liver of obese individuals.
D4104
The effects of sedum lineare thunb alcohol
extracton on NF-țB and cytokine in S180-bearing
mice
Qing Zhou, Xingling Cao, Leifan Lian, Haijuan Ma,
Zhihua HuangCA
Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
Our previous study shows that Sedum Lineare Thunb (SLT)
alcohol extract has antitumor effect on S180 bearing-mice.
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
However, the mechanism has been unknown. Our aims are to
explore if its effect is through activating the NF-țB pathway
and improving cytokines level. After S180-bearing mice
model established, mice were divided into control group,
model group, cyclophosphamide (CTX) group, SLT low and
high dose groups, 10 per group, and administrated for 14
days. Use the tumor inhibiting rate to observe the anti-tumor
activity of SLT. The expression of IL-10, TNF-Į, NF-țB/P65
and NF-țB/P50 in tumor tissue were detected by Western
blot assay. The tumor inhibiting rate in the SLT group
obviously higher than CTX group, the expression of IL-10,
TNF-Į, NF-țB/P65 and NF-țB/P50 were increased
significantly. Base on the results, activating the NF-țB
pathway and then improving cytokines level is one of the
mechanisms of the SLT antitumor effect on S180 bearingmice.
D4106
The anti-tumor effect of ching on S180-bearing mice
and its mechanism
Xingling Cao, Lizhen Wu, Xinhui Luo, Qing Zhou,
Zhihua HuangCA
Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
The antitumor effect of Ching on S180-bearing mice has been
proved in our previous study, but its mechanism has been
unknown. Our aims are to explore if its effect is through
regulating immune function. The S180-bearing mice model
was established and the mice were treated with Ching once a
day, administrated for 14 days. After the last treatment, the
thymus and spleen index were calculated, the levels of IL-6
and IL-10 in serum were detected by Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometer were used to survey
the percentage of CD3+ positive cells in the lymphocytes and
the percentage of CD4+ or CD8+ cells in the T-Lymphocytes,
and then calculate the ratio of CD4+/CD8+. The thymus index
was up-regulated, while the spleen index was downregulated; the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were increased; the
percentage of CD8+ was inhibited yet CD3+ and CD4+ were
improved significantly, and then CD4+/CD8+ was increased
markedly in Ching treated mice. Taken together, regulating
immune function is one of the mechanisms of the Ching
antitumor effect on S180-bearing mice.
D4140
N-acetylserotonin protects BRL cells from oxidative
stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide
Shuna Yu, Hailiang Wang, Zhengchen Jiang, Cuihong
Liang, Ruiyang Li, Wenbo Yu, Jiying Jiang
Departments of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University,
Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
The aims of the present study were to elucidate whether Nacetylserotonin has protective effect on BRL cell line injury
induced by H2O2. BRL cells were treated groups with
different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800, or
1000 ȝM) for 18-20 hours. Then the viability of BRL cells
was measured by MTT assay. We found that 200 ȝM H2O2
caused cell viability to decrease by about 50%. Therefore we
exposed BRL cells to concentration of 200 ȝM H2O2 for 18The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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20 hours to establish an oxidative stress injury model. To
evaluate the most effective concentrations of NAS, H2O2induced BRL cells were treated with different concentrations
of NAS (from 1 to 100 ȝM). We found that 20 ȝM NAS
showed best protective effects. We show that H2O2 produced
dramatic injuries in BRL cells, represented by classical
morphological changes of apoptosis, decreased activity of
superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased levels of
malondialdehyde (MDA). Administration of NAS
significantly inhibited these H2O2-induced changes (p <
0.05), indicating that it inhibited apoptosis of BRL cells
induced by H2O2.
D4141
N-acetylserotonin protected the BRL cells from
apoptosis induced by H2O2 through regulating the
mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway
Jiying Jiang, Hongxin Jiang, Zhengchen Jiang,
Cuihong Liang, Ruiyang Li, Wenbo Yu, Hailiang
Wang, Shuna Yu
Departments of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University,
Weifang, Shandong 261053,
China In order to determine whether pretreatment with Nacetylserotonin(NAS) could reduce hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2)–induced oxidative stress of BRL cells by inhibiting
the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, the oxidative stress
injury model of BRL was made by 200 ȝM H2O2. We
investigated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage to BRL cells
with or without NAS using MTT assay, Hoechst 33342
staining, rhodamine 123 staining, and western blot. We show
that H2O2 produced dramatic injuries in BRL cells,
represented by classical morphological changes of apoptosis,
decreased cell viability, increased expression of activated
caspase-3, decreased ratio of bcl-2/bax, and loss of
membrane potential (ǻȌm). Administration of NAS
significantly inhibited these H2O2-induced changes (p <
0.05), indicating that it protected the BRL cells from
apoptosis through regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis
signaling pathway.
D4176
Study on Neuroprotective Effect of 3'-DSS in Vitro
Hai Xiao, Zhihua Huang CA, Liangdong Li, Jing ZengCA
Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
To study the protective effect of 3'-daidzein sulfonate
sodium(3'-DSS) against glutamate induced neurotoxicity in
primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons and PC12 cells.
The injured models in vitro were established according the
following steps. The cortical neurons were taken from
newborn rats and used for experiments 7 days after culture,
and PC12 cells were routinly anabiosised. The neurons and
PC12 cells were randomly divided into 12 groups: control,
glutamate (Glu, 4 mM), 3'-DSS (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0mM),
Glu+3'-DSS (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0mM). The viability of
cells was determined by MTT assay, the cell injury was
measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. It’s
showed that 3'-DSS significantly increased the viability of
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125
cortical neurons and PC12 cells injuried by glutamate, while
decreased the ratio of LDH release from primary cultured rat
cortical neurons. Our studies have revealed the markedly
neuroprotective effect of 3'-DSS against glutamate induced
neurotoxicity in vitro. The protective machnism of 3'-DSS is
partly performed will be our study target in the future.
D4178
Triptolide inhibits the growth of human breast
cancer cells by downregulating VEGF pathway
Geng Wang, Xiaohong Lv, Jing Ma, Yafang Zhang*
Harbin Medical University, China, 150086
Triptolide (TPL) is a key anti-inflammatory compound of the
Chinese herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.
(Celastraceae). Recent studies show that TPL inhibits the
growth and proliferation of a wide range of human cancer
cells. Here, we report that TPL inhibited the proliferation and
migration of MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 breast cancer cells
in a time and concentration-dependent manner and decreased
the expression of VEGF pathway in vitro. TPL significantly
reduced the growth of breast cancer mouse xenografts,
accompanied by an induction of apoptosis, reduction of
VEGF pathway. Our data indicate that suppressing the
expression of VEGF pathway may be one of the molecular
mechanisms by which TPL induces apoptosis and inhibits the
growth of human breast cancer cells.
D4181
Dickkopf-1 is a Potential Target for the Treatment
of Aging-related Disorders
Yaoyan Dun, Ting Wang, Changcheng Zhang, Ding
Yuan
Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a potent inhibitor of the canonical Wnt
signaling pathway. Recent evidence has suggested that an
increased expression of Dkk1 is causally related to processes
of aging-related neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s
disease, Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia and temporal
lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, induction of Dkk1 precedes
neuronal death in a series of cellular and animal models.
Dkk1 is also involved in the process of aging-related
inflammation, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid
arthritis. As to aging, recent studies have found that Dkk1
induces epithelial cellular senescence in human reflux
esophagitis and that expression of Dkk1 increases with age
and its loss enhances neurogenesis in hippocampus. In the
meanwhile, mice deficient in Dkk1 show enhanced spatial
working memory. All the data indicate that antagonists of
Dkk1 may be the potential anti-aging agents.
D4182
Disruption of phosphoinositide-specific
phospholipases CȖ1 contributes to extracellular
matrix synthesis of human osteoarthritis
chondrocytes
Guoqing Zeng, Bing Zhang, and Chun Xia
School of Medicine, University of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian,
361005.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Here, we
investigated the role of PLCȖ1 in human OA progression.
Human normal and OA chondrocytes and cartilage were
obtained from patients, and the expression level and
regulatory mechanism of PLCȖ1 were detected. The data
showed that PLCȖ1 had a higher expression in OA cartilage
and chondrocytes, and the disruption of PLCȖ1 by its
inhibitor and siRNA promoted ECM synthesis of human OA
chondrocytes. Furthermore, the PLC-Ȗ1/IP3/Ca2+/CamK
signaling axis, which triggered mTOR/P70S6K/S6 pathway,
was dominated in PLC-Ȗ1-depended ECM synthesis.
Therefore, PLC-Ȗ1 is involved in ECM synthesis of human
OA chondrocytes, and the disruption of PLC-Ȗ1 contributes
to ECM synthesis of human OA chondrocytes. PLCȖ1 may
serve as a therapeutic target for the prevention of OA.
D4207
Down-regulation of Wnt2 and its receptor Fzd9
mediated by Sox9 inhibits the proliferation and
invasion ability of osteosarcoma MG63 cells
Huancai Liu1, Yanchun Chen2*, Linlin Jie2, Leidong
Pu2, Jie Ju2
1
Clinical College, 2.Department of Histology and
Embryology, Weifang Medical University
To investigate the role and mechanism on the proliferation
and invasion of osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) by downregulation of Sox9 using small interfering RNA (siRNA).
The siRNA against Sox9 was constructed and transfected into
MG-63 cells. The expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9 was detected
by Realtime PCR and Western blot at 24h and 48h after
transfection with Sox9 siRNA. Cell proliferation was assayed
by CCK-8 method. Cell scratch assay was used to detect the
invasion ability of MG-63 cells. Compared with the control,
the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt2 and Fzd9 were
significantly decreased after transfected with Sox9 siRNA for
24h and 48h in experimental group. Cell proliferation and
invasion ability in experimental group were significantly
decreased. Down-regulation of Wnt2 and and its receptor
Fzd9 mediated by Sox9 inhibits the proliferation and invasion
ability of osteosarcoma cells, which may provide new gene
targets for clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.
D4212
Experimental study of high-efficiency immune
modulators inhibiting proliferation and inducing
apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells by ERK1/2
signal transduction pathway
Chunhua Song, Ruizhen Liu, Zhihua Zhang, Bao Yin,
Huiying Chen, Xinfeng ChangCA
Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
Aim of this research is to observe the inhibitory effect of
high-efficiency immune modulators (HEIM) in HeLa cervical
cancer cells. HEIM influence on proliferation of HeLa
cervical cancer cells which were cultured in vitro was
monitored by MTT. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined
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by flow cytometry. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p-ERK
and ERK1 was measured by Western blot. MTT showed
HEIM had an effective inhibition on the growth of HeLa
cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry showed HEIM induced
apoptosis blocking the cell cycle in G0/G1 period. Western
bolt showed HEIM reduced ERK1 content, inhibited the
generation of p-ERK, increased the expression of Bax and
decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Experiments indicate
HEIM may induce apoptosis via blocking ERK1/2 signal
transduction pathway, inhibiting expression of Bcl-2,
promoting expression of Bax, so as to exert its anti-tumor
effect.
D4222
Alterations of plasma ghrelin level in rats with
acute myocardial infarction and the influence of
human ghrelin on it
Feng Han, Meixiu Li, Guozhong Tian*
of miR-33s. The inhibition of C. pneumoniae-induced NF-țB
activation could decreased miR-33s expression and enhanced
ABCA1 expression. In addition, C. pneumoniae
increased TLR2 expression, inhibition of which by siRNA
could also block NF-țB activation and miR-33s expression,
and promoted the expression of ABCA1. Taken together,
these results reveal that C. pneumoniae may negatively
regulate ABCA1 via TLR2-NF-țB and miR-33 pathways in
THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, which may provide
new insights for understanding the effects of C. pneumoniae
on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
D4238
Interleukin-1ȕ alters production of reactive oxygen
species and related anti-oxidative enzymes in
astrocytes
Haoyun Zhang1, Hongmei Du2, Li Yu2, Yingjun
Guan2*
Department of Anatomy, Jiamusi University , Jiamusi
154007,China
1
To investigate the plasma ghrelin level of rats with acute
myocardial infarction (AMI) and evaluate the potential
effects of ghrelin both from rats and human on AMI. Sixty
adult male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups:
normal control, sham control, AMI, AMI+ human ghrelin
(25ȝg/kg, i.v.), and AMI+˷D-Lys3˹-GHRP-6 (a GHSR
antagonist, 65ȝg/kg, i.v.). AMI was induced by ligating the
left anterior descending coronary artery. Blood samples were
obtained 24 hours after the surgery and plasma ghrelin were
measured by ELISA. The data suggest that plasma ghrelin
level was significantly increased 24 hours after MI,˷D-Lys3
˹ -GHRP-6 increased it most (P<0.01 vs control) ,while
human ghrelin decreased it (P<0.05 vs AMI) .There was no
statistic difference between normal and sham control. We
concluded plasma ghrelin level is increased 24 hours after MI
in rats. Human ghrelin suppressed but GHSR antagonist
elevated the circulatory ghrelin level in rats with AMI. The
study may help to better understand the mechanism of
GHSR-mediated cardioprotection.
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are contributing
factors of many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies.
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1ȕ (IL-1ȕ) plays
important role in these pathological processes. Astrocytes,
multifunctional glial cells, maintain CNS homeostasis and are
the primary mediators of IL-1ȕ induced neuronal death.
Using flow cytometry and wstern bolt, here we investigated
the effects of IL-1ȕ on intracellular redox regulation of
rat cultured astrocytes. Primary cultured astrocytes were
treated with 10ng/ml IL-1ȕ for 24h, 48h or 72h. The results
showed a time-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species
production and a decrease in mitochondrial trans-membrane
potential. After treatment with IL-1ȕ for 24h, downregulation of SOD1 protein expression was observed, but
returned to basal level at 48h and 72h. No significantly
changes in the protein level of glutathione peroxidase were
detected.
In
summary,
IL-1ȕ-mediated
astrocyte
inflammatory responses depend on the release of free radicals
and may participate in neural insult induced by chronic
neuroinflammation.
D4229
Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits ABCA1 expression
and cholesterol efflux through a mechanism
involving the activation of TLR2 and miR-33s
Guojun Zhao1, Zhongcheng Mo2, Chaoke Tang2**
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical
University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; 2 Institute of
Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center,
University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
ABCA1 is critical in exporting cholesterol from macrophages
and plays a protective role in the development of
atherosclerosis. This study was to determine the effects and
potential mechanisms of C. pneumoniae on cellular
cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.
C. pneumoniae significantly decreased cholesterol efflux and
ABCA1 expression. Furthermore, we found that C.
pneumoniae suppressed ABCA1 expression via up-regulation
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Department of Anatomy, 2Department of Histology and
Embryology Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
D4246
GPI-PLD inhibits the proliferation of
hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down-regulation
of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
Zhiying Yang, Chaochao Tan, Zhiping Yang, He
Huang*
Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University,
Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Changsha Health
Vocational College,Changhsha 410100, Hunan, China
To clarify the effect of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific
phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) on hepatoma cells HepG2 and
the possible regulation molecular mechanism. MTT,
fluorescent staining and Western blotting analysis were
applied to analyze the effect and molecular regulation
mechanisms on GPI-PLD expression of hepatoma cells by
GPI-PLD-transfected model. To further clarify the effects of
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127
GPI-PLD on hepatoma cells in vivo, HepG2 were inoculated
in nude mice model meanwhile. Compared with the control,
PI3k-akt signaling pathway activity and proliferation of
hepatoma cells were significantly inhibited in the GPI-PLD
group. Nude mice model showed that the tumor growth, and
tumor weight (1.87 ± 0.09g) of GPI-PLD group were
significantly less than the control. AST, ALT, AFP serum
concentrations in GPI-PLD group were significantly lower
than the control groups. Results indicate that the growth,
proliferation rate of HepG2 in GPI-PLD nude mice were
significantly lower than the control groups, the degree of
liver injury was significantly lower than the control groups,
the results further illustrate GPI-PLD has a certain extent
inhibitive effect on proliferation, even invasion, and
significantly inhibited liver cancer cell proliferation and
growth in vivo.
ionic channels, and further regulates their membrane
trafficking. Therefore, we hypothesize PICK1 interacts with
Orai1. We cloned Orai1 and PICK1 gene from mouse brain
tissue and sub-cloned them into Eukaryotic Expressed pRK5myc and pRK5-HA vector to construct pRK5-myc-PICK1
and pRK5-HA-PICK1, respectively. Then we co-expressed
myc-Orai1 and HA-PICK1 in HEK293 and Hela cells. Both
co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and double immunostaining
showed interaction and co-localization of Orai1 and PICK1.
Our results proved Orai1 and PICK1 interacted in vitro. This
indicates PICK1 is an Orai1 interacting protein. PICK1 may
potentially regulate membrane trafficking of Orai1.
D4250
Qiang Xu1 Huan Lan2*
DJ-1 protects mitochondrial function by promoting
AKT phosphorylation in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y
cells
D4259
PRR11 is a novel gene implicated in proliferation of
breast cancer
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Luzhou Medical
College, Luzhou, China ; 2*Department of Myocardium
Electrophysiology, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
Yi Zhang1,*, Xiaogang Gong1, Hongmei Sun1,*, Zhenyu
Guo1, Jinghong Hu2, Ling Ma1, Jing Feng1
1
Department of Anatomy,2Center for Scientific Research,
School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
Loss-of-function DJ-1 (PARK7) mutations causes a subset of
familial Parkinson disease. Numerous researches have
supported the DJ-1 role in the protection of mitochondrial
function. However, the mechanism of its protective function
remains largely unknown. In present research, we transient
transfected dopaminergic cell line-human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y with the plasmid pcDNA3-Flag-DJ-1. We present data
that show the involvement of DJ-1 in modulation of AKT, a
major neuronal prosurvival pathway induced upon
mitochondrial function. Moreover, we provide evidence that
over-expression of DJ-1 improves the mitochondrial complex
I activity and ATP content in response to AKT
phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest that DJ-1
is crucial for activation of AKT upon mitochondrial function,
which serves as one explanation for the protective effects of
DJ-1.
D4258
PICK1, a Novel Calcium Release-Activated
Calcium (CRAC) Channel interacting protein
Proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11) is a novel gene we isolated
and identified before, which is related to cycle progression
and is abundantly expressed in the thyroid, cervix and other
active tissues but weakly expressed in heart and brain. Breast
cancer cells are characterized by enabling replicative
immortality and accumulated DNA damage. However,
whether PRR11 contributes to breast carcinogenesis remains
unknown. In this study, we showed for the first time that
PRR11 was an important molecule related to breast cancer.
Our results showed that PRR11 was over expressed at both
mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer tissues as
compared with normal breast tissues and was associated with
tumor grade. RNAi-mediated silencing of PRR11 caused S
phase arrest, suppressed cellular proliferation, colony
formation ability in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our
results strongly demonstrated that this newly identified gene,
PRR11, had a critical role tumorigenesis and breast cancer
development, and might serve as a novel potential target in
the diagnosis and treatment of human breast cancer.
D4289
Observation of endothelial like cells in anterior
marginal ear veins of rabbits via scanning electron
microscope
Huayong Chen1, Shuling Bai2
1
Peiling Cai, Ting Wang, Lijia Cheng, Shuo Yan,
Wenjie Guo
Department of Human Anatomy, Preclinical Medicine
College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133000; 2Department of
Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang
110001
School of Medicine and Nursing, Chengdu University,
Chengdu, Sichuan
CRAC Channel mediated by Orai1 is the major source of
extra-cellular calcium entry in non-excitable cells. Orai1 is a
four-transmembrane protein localized in the plasma
membrane. A single mutant (R91W) results in CRAC
channel functional deficit and severe combined immune
deficiency (SCID). However, the mechanism of transporting
Orai1 to plasma membrane is still unknown. Protein that
interacts with C kinase1 (PICK1) is a membrane protein,
which binds a large number of membrane proteins including
In this study, we prepared samples from anterior marginal ear
veins of rabbits for scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and
observed a novel structure of endothelial cells. As results
suggested that this kind of cells were observed between
endothelial cells of venous and basement-membrane. This
kind of cells were in shape of oval and leaves, and the
maximum long and wider diameter of this endothelial like
cells were (8.32±1.04) μm and (2.79±0.68) μm respectively.
The ratio of long and wide diameter was 1.45±0.22. The long
axis of this cell was parallel to the vertical axis of venous,
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and which were connected with linear structure appeared as
string beads. The length of two adjacent endothelial like cells
was (6.41±2.45)μm, and the linear structure pressed over
other endothelial like cell. In conclusion, there was a novel
kind of endothelial like cells in anterior marginal ear veins of
rabbits, and this kind of cells were connected by linear
structure.
D4290
Structure of peripheral blood karyocyte clone in
rabbit
can inhibit the growth of U87 cells by induction typical
apoptosis .The down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of
Bax and Bid may be involved in the mechanism.
D4352
The different role of sonic hedgehog and Wnt3a in
the transdifferentiation process of müller glial cells
into photoreceptors
Dandan Gu1, Kai Xiong1, Guomin Zhou2
1
Huayong Chen1, Shuling Bai2
1
Department of Human Anatomy, Preclinical Medicine
College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133000; 2Department of
Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang
110001
Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology,
Institute of Acupuncture Research, Shanghai Medical
College, Fudan University , 200032 Shanghai, RP
China;2Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University , 200032
Shanghai, RP China
Resveratrol Inhibits human glioblastoma U87 cell
growth and induces its apoptosis
Müller glial cells(MGCs) can de-differentiate, proliferate and
differentiate into photoreceptors in vivo after be treated with
Sonic Hedgehog(SHH) or Wnt3a. However, the manner in
which the signaling pathways work is remain unknown. Here,
we show that the two pathways play different roles in the
transdifferentiation process of MGCs in vitro. Whether SHH
or Wnt3a can induce the de-differentiation and proliferation
of MGCs, and this effect can be prevented by inhibitors
cyclopamine and DKK1. Furthermore, these SHH/Wnt3atreated MGCs can subsequently differentiate into neuron-like
cells upon remove the two transcriptions and add
RA(Retinoic acid) . However the proliferation manner is
distinct. MGCs can proliferate only once after SHHtreatment, while they can maintain the self-renewal status
with Wnt3a-treatment, expressing of progenitor-specific
markers. Combinatorial application of sphere-culture, Wnt3a
and SHH stimulation can improve the transdifferentiation
efficiency of MGCs into photoreceptors. These results
suggest that integrated use of different signaling pathways to
regulate the activation of intrinsic MGCs might be the
promising source for potential therapies for untreatable
retinal degeneration.
Yiling Huang, chengcheng You
D4355
In this study, we observed particular structure of karyocyte
clone in the while of culturing CD34 positive cells from
peripheral blood cells in Japanese white rabbit. We applied
five male Japanese white rabbits, and the weight of which
were range from 2.50kg to 3.50kg.We extracted 5.00ml blood
from post marginal ear veins , and cultured with 5.00ml
20%DMEM as well as 5.00ml lymphocyte separating
medium. As results indicated that in third day, karyocyte
clones were observed. In ninth day, karyocyte clones were
connected in linear or arachnoid structure. These karyocytes
were directly connected in form of single linear, some
karyocyte clones emitted several linear structure to connect
with other clones, and some clones emitted circle structure. In
conclusion, between the karyocyte clone isolated from
Japanese white rabbits had linear or arachnoid structure to
link each other clone, and this kind of connection may
contributed to cell signaling .
D4310
Department of Pathology, Medical school of China Three
Gorges University,YiChang 433002ˈHuBei, China
Resveratrol(Res) is a phytoalexin which present in the skin of
red grapes and other fruits. It is reported that Res exert
antitumor activities at various stages of tumor initiation,
promotion and progression .The aim of this experiment is to
study the inhibition effect of Res on Glioblastoma U87 cell
growth and to investigate the possible machanisam. U87 cells
were treated with different concentration of Res˄0ȝMˈ
25ȝM ˈ 50ȝM ˈ 100ȝM ˅ .Cell growth inhibiotin was
detected by MTT assay. Apotosis was determined using DNA
ladder assay and flow cytometry. The molecular events of
apoptotic cell death was evaluated with Western blotting. We
found that Res can inhibit the growth of U87 cell in a dose
and time dependent manner .There is tipical DNA ladder on
DNA agarose electrophoresis.Tipical subdiploid peak can be
detected after treated with Res for 12h. There was increased
protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bid and decreased protein
level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2.we got the Conclusion that Res
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Distribution and expression of MKP-1 in the brain
of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice
Yehong Du, Guiqiong He*
Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, 400016, China
The present study was aimed at investigating the distribution
and expression of MKP-1 in the brain of APP/PS1 double
transgenic mice, so as to clarify the relationship between
MKP-1
and
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot techniques
were used to detect MKP-1 distribution and expression in the
brain of APP/PS1 mice and their wild-type littermates.
Results showed that MKP-1 was widely expressed in the
brain areas, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus,
hypothalamus of the AD mice. The expression of MKP-1 in
the brain of AD mice was gradually reduced with increased
of age. MKP-1 expression in the brain of 8-month-old AD
mice was significantly lower than of wild-type controls. The
confocal laser scanning microscope showed that part of
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
129
MKP-1-positive substance co-existed with 4G8-positve senile
plaques(SP). Taken together, our results suggest that the
decreased expression level of MKP-1 in the AD mice brain
maybe tightly related to SP formation and AD pathogenesis.
with ginsenoside Rg3’s function. It provides possibility of
CRABP2/FABP5 ratio broadly joins in fate determination of
tumor cells and may hint available universal tumor target.
D4385
D4371
Improved method to purify astrocytes in vitro
The mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of
human mesenchymal stem cell during adipogenesis
Geng Chen, Xinhua Zhang*, Guohua Jin, Xiang
Cheng, Lei Zhang, Xiaohui Lu, Jingjing Guo, Yi Hui
Xiaoyuan Xu, Tao Wang, Ping Wu, Weidong Li
Department of Human Anatomy, Nantong University,
Nantong 226001, China
Key laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province,
Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
Adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from bone
marrow are multipotent cells. We isolated hMSCs and
introduced hMSCs into adipocyte, and we compared the
mRNA and miRNA expression profiling at day 0(hMSC), 7,
14 and 21 during this process by microarray analysis.
Different specific sets of mRNAs and miRNAs were
identified for these differentiation time points versus d0. We
focused the analysis of the three groups of different mRNA
and miRNA transcripts: d7vsd0, d14vsd0, d21vsd0. We then
produced the union of these groups and found 1001 changing
mRNA and 56 changing miRNAs, from which we obtained
26 dynamic changes trends separately for mRNA and
miRNA. According to the trends of miRNA and mRNA
expression of correlation analysis (i.e. miRNA and mRNA
trends type are completely opposite), we constructed the
negative-correlation network between the miRNAs and their
target mRNAs predicted by Targetscan 6.2. We discovered
77 pairs of miRNA and target mRNA that are negativecorrelated. This study improves our understand of the
important negative-correlation regulation network between
the miRNAs and its target mRNAs directing adipocyte
differentiation, and potentially will provide theoretic support
for the development, prevention and treatment of the disease
like obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (This work was
supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of
China, No. 81160113)
D4378
Rising CRABP2/FABP5 ratio participating in
ginsenoside Rg3 anti-tumor effect
Yuanshan Fu, Shaozhi Zhang, Xiu Shan, Xiaomei Yan,
shuai Liu, Xuesong Yang, Qiu Yan
College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian 116044, PR China
Glioma, a common type of primary brain tumor, exhibit
varied responses to chemotherapy but effect of ginsenoside
Rg3, a main component of Ginseng, is still unknown.
Previous studies have proved that CRABP2/FABP5 ratio is a
key point in anti-tumor process of all-trans-retinoic acid(RA)
. U87 cell was cultured and treated with Rg3. mRNA and
protein aiming for qRTPCR and Western Blot experiments
were extracted from normal culturing cells and drug
applicated ones. Results showed that CRABP2 increased
after Rg3 treatment and meanwhile FABP5 decreased.
CRABP2/FABP5 ratio is closely related with proliferation
and differentiation of tumor cells especially in retinoic acid
signaling pathway. Our research gave evidence that this
change was associated not only directly with RA but also
Aim to modify the method basing on differential-velocity
adhesive time (DVAT) to get purer astrocytes in vitro.
Cerebral cortex of neonatal rats was dissected and digested
into single-cell suspension. Cells were plated into flask
containing 10% FBS DMEM/F12 medium and maintained in
37 ºC for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 min to let them adhere onto
bottom. After that the floating cell were moved to a new
flask. After 3 days culturing, the flask was shocked by force
to remove the microglia and neurons. Immunohistochemistry
showed that the purity of astrocytes varied according to the
maintaining time in the flask. The longer the cells
maintained, the higher the purity. However, the long
maintenance resulted in small number of astrocytes we
obtained. 40-min maintenance make >98% pure rate and
about 5×105 cells per rat that is twice than 60-min. These
results demonstrate as for rat astrocytes 40-min DVAT not
only simplify operation and shorten the time of culture, but
also improve efficiency to obtain high pure astrocytes for
further research.
D4394
Regulation of human importin 8 gene by
transcription factor RUNX2
Jianjun Xiong, Xiaoyuan Xu, Weidong Li
College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University,
Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, 332000, China
RUNX2 is a crucial regulator of osteoblast-specific gene
expression and controls the expression of multiple target
genes during osteoblast differentiation. However, genes
regulated by RUNX2 are not fully clarified. In this study, we
performed RUNX2 ChIP-on-chip in human mesenchymal
stem cells (hMSCs) and revealed IPO8 as a novel RUNX2
target gene. The 3300 bp of the 5’-flanking sequence of IPO8
was cloned and inserted into luciferase reporter vector pGL-3
Basic. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that this
fragment presented a strong basal promoter activity and the
RUNX2 binding site located at position -496 bp to -501 bp
was required for maximal IPO8 promoter activity in Saos-2
cells. Furthermore, ChIP assay confirmed that RUNX2
specifically binds to this DNA motif in the IPO8 promoter. In
addition, knockdown of RUNX2 expression inhibited
promoter activation as well as endogenous IPO8
transcription. Finally, IPO8 expression was synchronized
with RUNX2 expression during osteoblast differentiation.
Collectively, these results demonstrate that IPO8 is regulated
by RUNX2 and may participate in osteoblast differentiation.
D4425
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130
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
Trx/Txnip is the key element in Neuro-2A cell
apoptosis induced by AGEs
Yuanyuan Qiu, Hui Qi, Junli Liu, Haiying Ma and Li
Kong*
Department of histology and embryology, Dalian medical
university, Dalian, China 116044.
Advanced Glycation End products(AGEs)which are thought
to be one of factors in diabetes and its complications.
Thioredoxin (Trx) system is considered as a crucial role in
cell defense against oxidative stresses. Thioredoxininteracting protein (Txnip), an endogenous inhibitor of
antioxidant Trx, plays a vital role in diabetes and its
complications. In this study, we investigated whether
overexpression of Trx and shRNA-Txnip preserve the
photoreceptor from apoptosis induced by Advanced
Glycation End products (AGEs).Trx and LacZ
overexpression cell line treated with AGEs and shRNATxnip administration Neruo-2A treated with AGEs were
employed to study the role of Trx in Neruo-2A cell apoptosis
and the mechanism. The results showed that (1) Txnip
expression was significantly increased in Neuro-2A-LacZ
group compared with Neuro-2A-Trx with the treatment of
AGEs in both groups (P < 0.01) (2) Expression of Txnip in
shRNA-Txnip group was lower than Neuro-2A-LacZ group
with time-dependent manner(P<0.01). (3) The expression of
Txnip was no significant difference between shRNA-Txnip
group and Neuro-2A-Trx group with AGEs treatment
(P>0.05).These results suggest that Trx can effectively inhibit
up-regulation of Txnip expression mediated by AGEs,
shRNA-Txnip interference has the same role.
D4432
Effects of P38MAPK on acetaldehydeinduced proliferation and Apoptotic proteins expres
sion in rat’s hepatic stellate cell
Renyuan Zheng1, Qin Zhang1, Mingde Jiang 2
1
Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610083; 2Department o
f Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Chengdu Military Co
mmand, Chengdu 610083
Preliminarily study the effects of p38MAPK on proliferation
and protein expression of bcl-2 in rat’s acetaldehy deinduced
hepatic stellate cell, to provide Theoretical basis for the
prevention of alcoholic liver fibrosis. Rats’hepatic stellate
cells (HSC-T6) stimulated by acetaldehyde were incubated
with diferent concentrations P38 signaling pathway inhibitor
sb203580, The cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT,the
distribution of Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry
(FCM),and the expression of bcl-2 protein was examined by
SABC method. Results:The proliferation of HSC-T6 was
inhibited by different doses of sb203580. The proliferation
rate of HSC-T6 ,the expression of bcl-2 protein were signifi
cantly reduced and the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells was
Increased,S phase cells was decreased with the increasing of
the sb203580 doses. Conclusion: sb203580 can inhibit the
proliferation of acetaldehyde-induced HSC, which maybe
related to the reduced expression of Caspase-3 protein and
blocking the cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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D4451
Amyloid-beta accelerates the increase of the weight
and blood sugar level of mice fed on high calorie
diet
Ying Feng, Wei Wu, Jia Zhao, Xue Zhou, Bin Luo,
Guizhi Yang
Department of histology and embryology, College of Basic
and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan, 610041, China
To study the effect of Amyloid-beta on the blood sugar level
of the mice fed on high calorie diet, C57/Bl6 WT and
Alzheimer's disease transgenic APP/PS1 mice were fed with
normal and high calorie diet for 5 months, respectively. The
weight, the blood sugar level, insulin tolerance and glucose
tolerance ability of the mice were monitored. Results: The
increasing rate of the weight was accelerated for APP/PS1
mice than WT mice when fed on high calorie diet from 3
months on. The fasted blood sugar level of APP/PS1 mice
was higher than that of WT mice when fed on high calorie
diet for 25 weeks. APP/PS1 mice showed hyperglycemia.
The insulin tolerance test result of high-calorie-diet APP/PS1
mice was also significantly different from the rest of the
mice. Conclusion: the increasing Amyloid-beta level
accelerated the weight and blood sugar change in APP/PS1
mice fed on high calorie diet.
D4452
Screening of novel PPARgamma/RXR target genes
by combining microarray expression profiling and
ChIP-on-chip during adipocgenesis
Xiaoyuan Xu, Jianjun Xiong, Ping Wu, Weidong Li
Key laboratory of System Biomedicine of Jiangxi Province,
Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma) is known as the master regulator of adipocyte
biology. We compared the mRNA expression profiling in
human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at day 0(hMSC)
and 14 during adipogenesis by microarray analysis and
performed a genome-wide search for joint target genes of
PPARgamma and its partner protein retinoid X receptor
(RXR) at d14 of adipogenesis by ChIP-on-chip. We obtained
101 intersection genes, which were annotated were
summarized into 9 significant GO term in GO analysis 6
significant Pathway term in Pathway Analysis. In the
distribution of the genes of the GO and Pathway Significant
Analysis, nucleosome assembly made up the majority of the
GO Analysis and the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis made
up the majority of the Pathway Analysis separately. We have
screened target genes of PPARgamma/RXR during
adipogenesis in a genome-wide manner, and provide an
important resource for the study of PPARgamma function for
regulating adipogenesis. (This work was supported by the
National Nature Science Foundation of China, No.
81160113)
D4458
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
131
Association between single nucleotide
polymorphisms of BARD1 gene and susceptibility of
thyroid carcinoma in Inner Mongolia region
D4468
Increased expression of Dnmt3a correlates with
oligodendroglial dysfunction in schizophrenia-like
mouse
Hongxin Yang, Lin Chen, Xiulan Liu, Yan
Wang, Xiaodan Li
Hanlin Tang1,2, Liang Zhang1,2, Jianqin Niu1, Subao
Liu1, Xianjun Chen1, Xiyan Wu1, Xingshu Chen1§, Lan
Xiao1
Department of Cytobiology, Institute of Basic Medical
Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University,
Huhhot 010059 China
1
To investigate the association between single nucleotide
polymorphisms(SNPs) of BARD1 gene and susceptibility of
thyroid cancer in Inner Mongolia region. A case-control
study was designed to explore the genotypes of
Pro24Ser(C/T), Arg378Ser(G/C), detected by PCR-restriction
fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay, in 56
thyroid cancer cases and 45 cancer-free controls. Sex and
profession were related with thyroid cancer. The association
between SNPs of BARD1 gene and risk of thyroid cancer
was analyzed by unconditional logistic regression model. The
frequencies of genotypes of Pro24Ser(C/T), Arg378Ser(G/C)
of BARD1 gene showed significant differences between the
cancer cases and cancer-free controls(P˘0.05). Compared
with wild-type genotype Pro24Ser and Arg378Ser, they
showed a low incidence of thyroid cancer with variant
genotypes of Pro24Ser and Arg378Ser. SNPs of
Pro24Ser(C/T), Arg378Ser(G/C) gene are associated
significantly risk of thyroid cancer in Inner Mongolia region.
Different BARDl mutations in thyroid cancer patients may
increase their genetic susceptibility to thyroid cancerˊ
D4462
Department of Histology and Embryology, 2The Seven
Battalion of Student Brigade, Third Military Medical
University, Chongqing 400038, China.
*xingshuchen2011@163.com
Alterations in DNA methylation has been found to be
involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In the present
study we proposed to investigate the correlation of DNA
methylation
and
oligodendroglial
dysfunction
in
schizophrenia-like mouse brain. L-methionine was used to
induce schizophrenia-like behavior which was detected by
open field, Rota-rod test, social interaction and prepulse
inhibition (PPI). LFB staining and electron microscope were
used to investigate myelin integrate. QRT-PCR, Western blot
and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of
5mC, Dnmt3a, Olig1/2, Sox10, PDGFRĮ and MBP genes in
this model. The results showed decreased exploratory and
social interaction ability, disruption of the PPI, which were
correlated with abnormal myelin, increased expression of
5mC, Dnmt3a, and down-regulation of the myelin genes.
These results suggest that DNA methylation may involve in
oligodendroglial dysfunction in schizophrenia-like mouse.
D4488
Clinical management of medulloblastoma depend
on Molecular subgroups
Smad4-overexpression Combined with Curcumin
inhibit VEGF-C expression in HCT-116 Colon
Cancer Cells
Zhongxiao Lin, Ming Cai, Xiao feng Zhang , Huihuang
Qiao ,Chuangen Ren, Xindong Yang, Jianwu zheng,
Nu Zhang, Chengchun Chen
Xuemei Li, Xinlei Li, Yafang Zhang
Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,
China
Zhongxiao Lin,Ming Cai,Xiao feng Zhang , Huihuang Qiao
,Chuangen Ren,Xindong Yang,Jianwu zheng,Nu
Zhang,Chengchun Chen
Molecular studies from several groups around the world
demonstrated that medulloblastoma is not one disease but
comprises a collection of distinct molecular subgroups. Our
current consensus is that there are only four core subgroups,
which should be termed WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4.
Results from other analyses will form the basis for
prospective multicenter studies and will have an impact on
how the different subgroups of medulloblastoma will be
treated in the future. In corroborating other studies that
indicate the value of combining clinical, pathological, and
molecular variables in therapeutic stratification schemes for
medulloblastoma, we also provide the first outcome data
based on a clinical trial and novel data on how molecular
subgroups are distributed across the range of disease.we are
ongoing to design a diagnostic kit to attribute patients to the
four subgroups. we are also beginning to understand how
aberrant cell signaling contributes to medulloblastoma
development and answering the outstanding questions which
signal pathways are crucial for tumour growth, and which
display redundancy.
Smad4 acts as a tumor suppressor, is closely related to
tumors, also influences sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs.
Curcumin has anti-tumor effects. Previous work from our
laboratory has shown that VEGF-C expression increased in
colon cancer tissues, it may be an useful clinically indicator
for prognostic evaluation in colon cancer patients. The aim of
this study is to investigate the biological effects of the
combination of Smad4 and curcumin on VEGF-C expression
in HCT-116 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR,
western blotting were used to detect VEGF-C secreted by
these cells overexpressing Smad4 and treated with curcumin.
Results showed that overexpression of Smad4 inhibits
VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression, reduces AKT
phosphorylation, indicating that Smad4 modulates the VEGFC expression of HCT-116 cells via PI3K/AKT pathway.
Curcumin does not affect VEGF-C expression alone in HCT116, but inhibit VEGF-C expression in HCT-116 colon
cancer cell line stably-expressing Smad4, indicating that
Smad4 enhances the sensitivity of the colon cancer cells to
curcumin. These results suggest that Smad4 could become a
new target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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D4495
Effct of Scutellaria baicalensis Stem-leave Total
Flavonoid on experession of Bcl-2 and Bax protein
in rats during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
injury
Congru Qi
Chengde Medical College ,Chengde Hebei 067000 China
To study the neuroprotective effect and molecular mechanism
of Scutellaria baicalensis Stem-leave Total Flavonoid (SSTF)
on ischemia/reperfusion injury. The rats with middle artery
occlusion was described by Zea-Longa for 2h and reperfusion
for 24h. Fifty male healthy SD rats were randomly divided
into five groups:I,II,III and SSTF pretreatment group ˈ
ischemia reperfusion group and sham-operation group each
group. The immunodistochemical method and ISEL reaction
were used to facilitate the quantities of Bcl-2 and Bax protein
in the brain tissue. There were 8.87±4.38 cells in Bcl-2
immunostaining in the ischemia reperfusion group,9.97±4.41
cells in the SSTF-I group,13.01±5.02 cells in the SSTF-II
group,12.98±4.89 cells in the SSTF-III group.There were
18.16±7.69 cells in Bax immunostaining in the ischemia
reperfusion group,12.98±7.01 cells in the SSTF-I groupˈ
10.41±5.45 cells in the SSTF-II group,9.91±5.23 cells in the
SSTF-III group (P<0.01).SSTF pretreatment can increased
the expression of Bcl-2 protein,decreased the expression of
Bax protein attenuated the neuronal injury in cerebral cortex
caused by ischemic reperfusion.
Ting Wang, Yanwen Dai, Changcheng Zhang, Jingzhi
Wan, Ding Yuan
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Science,
Three Gorges University, Hubei 443002, China
Chikusetsusaponin V (CsV) , is one of the main and specific
components of saponins from Panax japonicus that have
been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. This
study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of
CsV on RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated by LPS. Cells
were stimulated with LPS (1 ȝg/mL) and treated with CsV at
different concentrations. The changes in the inflammatory
profiles of RAW264.7-derived macrophages were
determined. The results showed that CsV significantly
inhibited the levels of NO, iNOS, TNF-Į and IL-1ȕ in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells with a dose dependent manner.
Furthermore, NF-țB activation was signi¿cantly suppressed
and the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK was also downregulated after CsV treatment. At the same time, the
increased mRNA expressions of CD14 and TLR4 after LPS
sitmulation were markedly reversed after CsV treatment in a
dose dependent fashion. These results indicated that CsV
attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses partly
involvement of TLR4 mediated NF-țB and MAPK
pathways.
D4563
D4503
+
Chikusetsu saponin V attenuates MPP -induced
neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via regulation of
Sirt1 and GRP78 pathways
,*
Jingzhi Wan, Lili Deng, Ting Wang Ding Yuan
Study of panax japonics saponin combined with 5fu on human cervical cancer caski cell
Qianqian Yang, Shedan Luo
*
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Science,
Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
Some studies have reported that saponins from Panax
japonicus (SPJ) exhibit neuroprotective effects. Whereas
Chikusetsu saponin V (CsV) is one of the specific members
of SPJ and whether it can exert neuroprotective effects
remains
unknown.
Herein,
we investigated the
neuroprotective effects of CsV on MPP+-induced cytotoxicity
in SH-SY5Y cells and possible mechanisms. The present
results showed that CsV attenuated MPP+-induced
cytotoxicity, inhibitted ROS accumulation and reversed
mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent
manner. Meanwhile, we found that levels of Sirt1 protein and
Mn-SOD mRNA significantly decresed in MPP+-treated
group but increased with CsV treatment in a dose-dependent
manner. Furthermore, GRP78 and Caspase-12 expressions
increased by MPP+ exposure, which was reversed by CsV
treatment. CsV inhibited the MPP+-induced downregulation
of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax in a dose-dependent manner
and thus increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Overall, our data
suggested that CsV exerted neuroprotective effects possibly
via regulation of Sirt1 and GRP78 pathways.
D4504
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Chikusetsusaponin V attenuates LPS-induced
inflammatory responses involvement of NF-țB and
MAPK pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages
China Three Gorges University,443002
To study the antitumor and induced apoptosis effects of
Panax japonicus on Human Cervical Carcinoma Caski Cells.
This result basis for Panax japonicus in in clinical practice.
Inhibition effect of PJ on human cervical cancer Caski cell in
vitro, this further proved PJ could restrains the growth of
tumor cells. The effect enhanced when PJ used concomitantly
with 5-Fu, it shows that the effect could be enhance of PJ
combined with 5-FU on inhibiting proliferation and inducting
apoptosis of Caski cells. PJ may exert its antiproliferative
effect by inhibit DNA synthesis, changed cell cycle of Caski
and Inducing Caski cells apoptosis, its mechanism may be
relevant to the up-regulation of P53 and p21 protein
expression as well as down-regulation of C-myc and C-fos
expression. The study shows that PJ has the effect on
inhibition of tumor cells, with its efficacy markedly enhanced
when used concomitantly with 5-Fu. We can put it into
explored further on PJ and PJ combined with 5-FU the
mechanisms of up-regulation of P53 and p21 protein
expression as well as down-regulation of C-myc and C-fos
expression.
D4565
Research of mechanism for human TGF-ȕsignal
transduction pathway
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
133
Department of Histology and Embryology of School of
Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning,
People's Republic of China
*gwongluo@yahoo.com
Shedan Luo
China Three Gorges University , 443002 Yi Chang, China
TGF-ȕ (transforming growth factor-ȕ) is a very important
role in cytokines, with many physiological and pathological
processes in the pathway of transduction in human body.
TGF-ȕ regulate the biological behavior of many cells,
including cell proliferation, recognition, apoptosis,
differentiation and others in human body. To play its role,
first , TGF-ȕ will bind to the receptor of TGF-ȕ type- II and
type- I on the surface of cells, this makes the formation of
receptor complexes; Then the type II receptor phosphorylated
and then activate the type I receptor, and then type I receptor
phosphorylated and then activate the Smad proteins, and then
the activated Smad proteins enter into the nucleus of the cells,
and other synergistic or inhibition of nuclear factor binding to
these activated Smad proteins , this complexes can regulate
target gene transcription. In recent years, many studies occurs
in TGF-ȕ signal transduction pathway, these results are very
important for the guide of medical research. So we make this
review in this field.
D4580
Regulation of p38MAPK signal pathway on Į
7AChR and LRP1 mediated the internalization of
amyloid protein in hippocampus
Kaige Ma1, Jia Lv2, Weina Yang1, *Yihua Qian1
,*Qiumin Qu2
D4609
Expression and clinical significance of E-cadherin
and Snail in colorectal carcinoma
1
Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 76 Yanta
West Road, Xi’an, 710061, China; 2Department of
Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong
University
Yan Li, Fei Xu, Shen Liu, Lei Li, Ning Fan,
Zhongkang Cui
The characteristic pathological changes is the accumulation
of amyloid beta protein (Aȕ) within brain, and intraneuronal
deposition of Aȕ is one of the earliest pathological events in
AD. Our preliminary studies suggest that Į7 nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor (Į7nAChR) and low-density
lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) involve in Aȕ
internalization. In this study, the results showed that the
neuron internalized Aȕ in CA1 of hippocampus. The
expression of Į 7nAChR and LRP1 increased significantly,
also found that p38MAPK signaling pathway is activated in
hippocampus. Furthermoreˈthe findings indicated that p38
MAPK inhibitor attenuated internalization of Aȕ as well as
decreased the expression of Į7nAChR and LRP1. These
results support that the regulation of Į 7nAChR and LRP1
mediated the internalization of Aȕ via p38MAPK signal
pathway.
D4592
ChIP-chip analysis for target genes of GCF2
transcription factor in a hepatocellular carcinoma
cell line HepG2
Jinping Li, Naixia Cao, Bo Wu, Li Chen, Defeng Chen,
Farong Mo, Li Sun, Xiaoxun Xie , Guorong Luo*
GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2) is a transcriptional repressor that
negatively regulates the activities of the genes enriching GC
sequences in promoters. Since there are many genes
enriching GC sequences in eukaryotic genomes, the objective
of this study is to identify these targets of GCF2 on a
genome-wide scale. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
combined with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) was
used in this experiment. The chromatin DNA in human
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HepG2 was
obtained from ChIP procedures and these DNA was
hybridized to Human 385k RefSeq Promoter Arrays. After
hybridization, the microarrays were scanned and the raw data
were extracted. A false discovery rate (FDR) score was used
to identify peaks which represent significant positive
enrichment, and the peaks with an FDR İ 0.05 were mapped
to genomic features: transcripts. The genes corresponding
transcripts were categorized according to their molecular
functions. In this study, 1,375 targets of GCF2 were
identified, and the molecular function analysis showed that
the functions of these targets are multiple, including
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity,
protein binding, and transferase activity. Our results suggest
that GCF2 has plentiful targets and probably participate in the
development of HCC by impacting different targets.
Anatomy Department of Dalian Medical Univercity, Dalian
116044, China
In this study we focus on the characteristics of E-cadherin
and Snail in colorectal tumor specimens, precancerous
lesions and relatively adjacent normal colorectal epithelium
and to explore the guiding significance of clinical diagnosis
and prognosis. We make tissue microarrays of 62 cases
diagnosed of colorectal cancer without clear treatment of
radiotherapy and chemotherapy resection specimens and 21
normal cases. The expressions and relationship between the
pathological features of E-cadherin and Snail in colorectal
rectal
cancer
tissues
were
analyzed
using
immunohistochemistry. In 21 cases of relatively normal
tissues and 62 cases of colorectal cancer, E-cadherin reduced
28.6% and 83.9%, which has a significant difference (p <
0.01). 16 cases in 62 of colon cancer and 46 of rectal tumor
specimens E-cadherin reduced 87.5% and 82.6% and there
was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.649). Snail
increased to 52.4% and 82.9%, which got a significant
difference (p <0.05). While Snail in colorectal specimens
increased to 93.8% and 78.3% ,no statistically significant
difference (p = 0.166). E-cadherin expression in colorectal
cancer was significantly reduced while Snail increased. We
speculated that E-cadherin protein expression may be
regulated by Snail. Two indicators can be used as potential
molecular biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and
malignancy degree evaluation.
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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134
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
D4614
The influence of andrographolide on cell apoptosis
and expression of PCNA protein in A431 cell line
Jing Shi
Department of Anatomy Shanxi Medical University Fenyang
CollegeˈFengyang 032200ˈChina
To study influence of AD in A431 cells apoptosis. Cell
morphology was observed by fluorescence microscopy, A431
cells apoptosis was detect by FCM, Rh123 staining detected
mitochondrial membrane potential by FCM. A part of nuclear
chromatin appeared typical apoptosis morphological changes
after AD group acted A431 cells 24 hours. Early
apoptosis,late apoptosis and necrosis rates was increased with
various AD concentrations treatment for 24 hours.AD group
mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly .
Conclusions AD could induce A431 cells apoptosis and
mechanism could be associated with decreasing
mitochondrial membrane potential.
D4622
The GCF2 mRNA expression in Hepatocellular
Carcinoma Cell Lines
Riting Jiang, Jinping Li, Naixia Cao, BO Wu, Li Chen,
Defeng Chen, Farong Mo, Li Sun, Xiaoxun Xie ,
Guorong Luo
*gwongluo@yahoo.com
Department of Histology and Embryology of School of
Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning;
People's Republic of China
GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2) is a transcriptional repressor that
decreases the promoter activity of epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR). Recent reports have shown that GCF2 is
possibly involved in the development of many tumors. The
aim in this study is to investigate the GCF2 mRNA
expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines
BEL-7404, HepG2, SMMC-7721, QGY-7703 and normal
liver cell line HL-7702. Reverse transcripase polymerase
chain reaction ( RT-PCR) was used to detect the GCF2
mRNA expression in these cell lines above ˊ Our results
showed that GCF2 mRNA was over-expressed in BEL-7404
HepG2, SMMC-7721 and QGY-7703; however, the lower
expression of GCF2 mRNA was found in HL-7702 cells.
These primary results suggest that overexpression of GCF2
mRNA may be closely related to the development of HCCˊ
IFAA2014-5-001
Technology enhanced learning in medical school
with special reference to anatomy
Fariha Qureshi
Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
*gopalakrishnakone_pon@nuhs.edu.sg
Arsenic is a teratogenic agent present in the environment as
oxides and arsenate and humans are exposed to it through
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
contaminated drinking water, food, soil and air. This
investigation was undertaken to evaluate protective role of
Vitamin C and E against teratogenic injury produced by
sodium arsenate in developing kidney of the mouse. Methods:
Twenty-four pregnant albino mice of BALB/c strain, were
randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 each: A1, A2, A3 and
A4. Group A1 served as the control and received weight
related distilled water by intra-peritoneal (I/P) injection,
group A2 was given a single doses of 35 mg/kg on 8th GD
whereas groups A3 and A4 were treated with Vitamin C and
E by IP injection, 9 mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day
respectively, starting from 8th day and continued for the rest
of the pregnancy period. The foetal kidneys were weighed
and histological studies carried out including micrometry on
different components of nephron. Results: Sodium arsenate
toxicity manifested as an increase in weight of the kidneys,
wider nephrogenic zone and significant reduction in the mean
of number of mature renal corpuscles as compared to the
control group (p<0.000). There were moderate to severe
necrotic and degenerative changes in proximal and distal
convoluted tubules; glomeruli were hypercellular, the
Bowman’s spaces were obliterated. There was a statistically
significant difference in mean diameter of renal corpuscles of
group A2 when compared with groups A1, A3 and A4,
(p<0.000). Conclusions: The findings implied that groups
receiving Vitamin C and E along with sodium arsenate
showed an overall improvement in all parameters, indicating
the protective role of Vitamin C and E against arsenic
induced teratogenicity in developing kidney and are safe to
use during pregnancy without deleterious effect on human
conspectuses in arsenic exposed areas.
IFAA2014-5-002
Embryologist and Assisted Reproductive
Technology (ART) Current Trend
Stephen W. Carmichael1, Marios Louka, R2 . Shane
Tubbs 3
1
Department of Anatomy, 2St. George's University, St.
George's, Grenada, 3Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery,
University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
*carmichael.stephen@mayo.edu
Embryology is the branch of biology that deals with the
formation and early development of living organisms. An
embryologist is a physician who specializes in embryology
that is studies the beginning of life and the science of
reproduction. Embryologists specifically study the culture of
embryos in clinical or research laboratories. A thorough
background in embryological principles leads to better
understanding
of
anatomy,
and
pathophysiology.
Developmental biologists need to understand the temporal
and spatial relationships of the growing and transforming
embryonic tissues. They do routine diagnostic services and
therapeutic embryological procedures, like in vitro
fertilization (IVF) in clinics and hospitals. Assisted
reproductive technology (ART) is treatment or procedures
that include the in vitro handling of human oocytes and
sperm or embryos for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy.
They commonly work alongside other doctors to help their
patients with reproductive health issues and clinical research.
IFAA2014-5-003
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
135
Dynamics of the peridental mandibular bone during
prenatal development
Ralf J. Radlanski, Herbert Renz, Camilla A.
Zimmermann, Felix P. Schuster, Nyamdorj
Tsengelsaikhan, Alexander Voigt.
Dept. of Craniofacial Developmental Biology at CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
*ralfj.radlanski@charite.de
Evolutionary origin and embryological patterning during
formation of the human mandible may we well addressed
from the past and current literature. Also, an abundance of
molecular signaling pathways have been revealed by recent
and contemporary research. The question. however, how the
specific form (the Gestalt) of the mandible is created in each
individual, has not been solved to our contentment, yet.
Based on a collection of human embryos and fetuses ranging
between 19 and 270 mm Crown-Rump-Length (CRL), which
have been prepared as serial sections, the mandible with its
related structures has been identified and reconstructed in 3D
using the software AnalySIS (Olympus Berlin). Special focus
has been laid on the bone remodeling sites, which also have
been mapped in 3D. In the presentation, the changes in form
of the peridental bone (ridges, septa, crypts, and alveoli) and
the associated pattern of bone remodeling were mapped. The
dynamics of peridental bone formation could be evaluated
according to the disclosed bone remodeling pattern: Crypts
and alveoli arise as a minute interplay between resorption at
the bottom of the crypts and apposition at their bony margins.
Furthermore, a migration pattern of the dental primordia
could be elucidated. The molecular signaling behind this
detailed behavior remains precluded so far. This discourse is
seen to be a basic contribution to bridge the gap between our
morphologically oriented research with the field of molecular
signaling during morphogenesis.
IFAA2014-5-004
Horizons in development
McCracken Sharon A1, Rimmington Lucy
A1., Hubbard Andrew R1, Bright Nicholas A1,3,
Cockroft Neil1, Jefferson Timothy B1, Waldron
Emma1 , d'Lacey Christopher1, Hottor
Afedo1,4, Ahenkorah John1,4, Byrne
Simon1, Ockleford Colin D1,2.
1
Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation,
University of Leicester Medical School, University Rd,
Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK;2Clinical Anatomy Learning Center,
Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine,
C14 Faraday Building, Lancaster University, Bailrigg,
Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK;3Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry,
Cambridge University, Addenbrooks Hospital, Hills Road,
Cambridge, UK;4 Department of Anatomy, University of
Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
*c.ockleford@lancaster.ac.uk
and are therefore potential targets for new pharmaceutical
intervention to delay rupture. Maternal endothelium lining
vessels that allow blood to enter and leave the intervillus
space (IVS) and syncytiotrophoblast reflected onto the basal
plate must eventually be united. We now believe that lining
the IVS there are endothelial cells of maternal origin
participating in a mosaic with trophoblast to form the IVS
lining. Together they align as a monolayer. Endothelial cells
are found extensively lining the basal plate. We show using
in situ hybridisation that the endothelia are maternal
genetically whereas the ectodermal trophoblast is genetically
fetal. The chorionic plate is also a mosaic combining
endothelial cells and trophoblast. This demonstration of an
extensive allo-epi-endothelium appears to constitutes an
exception to the embryological germ layer theory that has
been unchallenged since the late 1800’s.
IFAA2014-5-005
The occurance of congenital neurofibromatosis: A
case report
Churchill J. Ihentuge1, Ihuoma I. Agwu2
1
Anatomy and Neurobiology, Imo State University, Owerri,
Nigeria; 2Platinum Medical Centre, Wellington Hospital, St.
John's Wood London, NW8 7AJ
*myzeall@hotmail.com
Neurofibromatosis is a disorder that affects the bone, nervous
system, soft tissue, and skin. At least 8 different clinical
phenotypes have been identified, and they are linked to at
least 2 genetic disorders. In this study a congenital plexiform
neurofibroma of the scalp and face was diagnosed in a patient
who presented in a general outpatient department with history
of multiple generalized skin nodular lesions with facial
disfigurement and visual impairment dated from birth. There
were multiple café-au-lait spots and a CT scan of the skull
performed without contrast medium showed an extensive soft
tissue tumour (25cmX15cm) affecting mostly the right side
of the head and face with marked thickening of the skin of
scalp as well as the right eyelid and nose. Histologically there
was no evidence of malignancy. Neurofibromatosis type 1
(NF1) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, affecting
approximately one in every 3000 children worldwide. NFI
sometimes also appears in families with no previous history
of the condition as a result of a new genetic mutation. In this
case report there was some neurological deficit and
subcutaneous lumps, but no associated family history was
observed suggestive of features of Neurofibromatosis type 1
(NF1).
IFAA2014-5-006
The prevalence of ankyloglossia congenital anomaly
in riverine areas of south east nigerian population
Churchill J. Ihentuge1, Ihuoma I. Agwu2, Hope K.
Okechukwu3
1
Our discovery of rivet-like structures in the amnion that pin
together key tissue layers is cause for optimism amongst
medical scientists exploring causes of premature births
following preterm rupture of the fetal membranes. These
structures have the properties expected of nodal sites where
growth and breakdown of strong sheets of collagen take place
Anatomy and Neurobiology, Imo State University, Owerri,
Nigeria; 2Platinum Medical Centre, Wellington Hospital, St.
John's Wood London, NW8 7AJ; 3 Anatomy, Abia State
University, Uturu, Nigeria
*myzeall@hotmail.com
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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136
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
This research was done to determine the occurrence of
ankyloglossia developmental anomaly in Riverine Areas of
South East Nigerian Population. 1640 newborn babies
delivered in selected hospitals, health centers, maternity
homes and traditional birth homes between November 2009
and October 2012 were used as sample population for this
study. 840 were females and 800 males. The subjects were
carefully examined within the first week of delivery for this
tongue anomaly. Consent was also obtained from the subjects
parents and ethical clearance observed. The result showed
that out of the 1640 babies examined, 16 subjects were found
with congenital anomalies and Ankyloglossia tongue
anomaly had a prevalence of 0.37% of the studied population
and 37.5% of those with congenital lesions. The male female
ratio was 5:1 which is significantly (p<0.05) high than most
reported cases. The reported prevalence of Ankyloglossia
varies from <1% to 10.7%. The variation may be attributed in
part to the lack of a uniform definition and objective grading
system for tongue-tie. In this study, the incidence of 0.37% of
the studied population is in line with previous studies but
effort should be made to develop a standardized method of
definition and grading of this important congenital anomaly.
IFAA2014-5-007
Novel expression and functional implication of Rasrelated protein 1 during mouse spermatogenesis
Wei Li1, Guangchao Zhao2, Tian Yang3, Jie Zhao1
1
Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology,
Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China2The 6th
Cadet Squadron of the Brigade, Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi’an, China; 3The 12th Cadet Squadron of the
Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
*liweipepeyato@163.com
Genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis are clearly
important for the occurrence of mature spermatogenesis.
Herein, we provide compelling evidence for the expression
and functional role of Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), a member
of the Ras superfamily, in the mouse testis. Quantitative
analysis revealed that Rap1 expression gradually increased in
the testis from 5 days postnatally, with maximum levels in
adult specimens. At this age, Rap1 peptide was mainly
immunodetected
in
mitotic
spermatogonia
within
seminiferous tubules. Testicular expression of Rap1 showed
stage-specificity, with peak expression values at stages IIVIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. In addition,
significant up-regulation of Rap1 expression from
spermatogonia was observed in the testes from mice suffering
unilateral cryptorchidism. Finally, inhibition of Rap1 activity,
by intraperitoneal injection of farnesylthiosalicylic acidamide, significantly attenuated the abdominal exposureinduced apoptosis in spermatogonia. Overall, our present
results provide the first evidence for the potential
involvement of Rap1 in the pathogenesis of the mitotic
apoptotic process occurring in the cryptorchid testes. These
data underscore a reproductive facet of this important small
GTPase, which may operate as a novel modulator linking
hyperthermal damage and male reproduction.
IFAA2014-5-008
Withdraw
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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IFAA2014-5-009
Excess caffeine exposure impairs eye development
during chick embryogenesis
Zheng-lai Ma1, Guang Wang1, Xin Cheng1, Manli
Chuai2, Kenneth Lee3, Xuesong Yang1
1
Department of Histology & Embryology, Medical College of
Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;2Division of
Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee,
Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK;3Key Laboratory for Regenerative
Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical
Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
*yang_xuesong@126.com
Caffeine has been an integral component of our diet and
medicines for centuries. It is now known that overconsumption of caffeine has detrimental effects on our health,
and also disrupts normal fetal development in pregnant
mothers. In this study, we investigated the potential
teratogenic effect of caffeine over-exposure on eye
development in the early chick embryo. Firstly, we
demonstrated that caffeine exposure caused chick embryos to
develop asymmetrical microphthalmia and induced the
orbital bone to develop abnormally. Secondly, caffeine
exposure perturbed Pax6 expression in the retina of the
developing eye. In addition, it perturbed the migration of
HNK-1+ cranial neural crest cells. Pax6 is an important gene
that regulates eye development, so altering the expression of
this gene might be the cause for the abnormal eye
development. Thirdly, we found that reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production was significantly increased in eye tissues
following caffeine treatment, and that the addition of antioxidant vitamin C could rescue the eyes from developing
abnormally in the presence of caffeine. This suggests that
excess ROS induced by caffeine is one of the mechanisms
involved in the teratogenic alterations observed in the eye
during embryogenesis. In sum, our experiments in the chick
embryo demonstrated that caffeine is a potential teratogen. It
causes asymmetrical microphthalmia to develop by
increasing ROS production and perturbs Pax6 expression.
IFAA2014-5-010
Role of high mobility group Box 1 in hyperthermiainduced neural tube defects
Li Yu1, Tianliang Zhang1, Li Wang1, Xue Yan1, Hui
Zhao1, Xin Wang2, Yingjun Guan1
1
Department of Histology and Embryology,Weifang Medical
University,shandong,China;2Department of Neurosurgery,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts, USA
*yulidoctor@163.com
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of severe congenital
malformations resulting from the failure of neurulation.
Neurogenesis leads to the formation of the neural tube
through neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and
differentiation, as well as neuron migration, maturation, and
integration. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is a
nuclear and extracellular protein that is implicated in the
development and progression of neurulation. The present
study was conducted to investigate the potential role of
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
137
HMGB1 in NTDs induced by hyperthermia. Using qRT-PCR,
western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis, the
expression of HMGB1 in the neural tube between embryonic
day 8.5 and 10 (E8.5-10) in hyperthermia-induced NTDs of
golden hamsters were detected. HMGB1 was downregulated
in NTDs groups induced by hyperthermia. We hypothesize
that HMGB1 affects the morphology and function of
embryonic NSCs. Then, a lentivirus vector with HMGB1
siRNA was constructed and used to infect embryonic NSCs.
The downregulation of HMGB1 expression by RNA
interference was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western
blotting analysis. The knockdown of HMGB1 in embryonic
NSCs significantly suppressed NSC proliferation, thus
decreasing the size of neurosphere colonies. These findings
suggest that hyperthermia negatively affects neural tube
development through suppression of HMGB1 to slow NSC
proliferation.
IFAA2014-5-011
Semaphorin 3A signaling regulates the entry of
sacral neural crest cells to the hindgut
Cui Fang Wang, Wood Yee Chan
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
*WY-CHAN@cuhk.edu.hk
The majority of the enteric nervous system is derived from
the vagal neural crest, and in the post-umbilical gut, a second
contribution of cells from the sacral neural crest to enteric
neurons has also been established. Previous studies on mouse
sacral neural crest cells (NCCs) have shown a “waiting
period” before they enter the hindgut. As sacral NCCs always
migrate on neuronal processes, we hypothesized that
semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-neuropilin-1 signaling regulates
the entry of sacral NCCs by inhibiting the extension of
neuronal
processes
into
the
hindgut.
Using
immunofluorescence localization and in vitro culture, we
found that Sema3A was expressed in the mouse hindgut
epithelium and the mesenchyme adjacent to pelvic ganglia,
while its receptor, neuropilin-1, was expressed by sacral
NCCs. Sacral NCC migration was retarded in a culture
medium containing Sema3A. When a hindgut segment
expressing Sema3A was co-cultured with pelvic ganglia, both
the extension of neuronal processes and sacral NCC
migration were suppressed. These findings suggest that
transient expression of Sema3A in the hindgut during the
waiting period regulates the entry of sacral NCCs into the
hindgut at E11.5 to E13.5. This work was supported by a
Direct Grant for Research 2013.1.076, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong.
IFAA2014-5-012
The potential roles of Slit/Robo1 signaling on neural
tube formation and neural crest cells migration
Guang Wang1, Yan Li1, Xiaoyu Wang1, Zhe
Han2 , Manli Chuai3, Lijing Wang2, Kenneth Ka Ho
Lee4, Jianguo Geng5, Xuesong Yang1
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory
for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education,
School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,
China;2Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510224,
China;3Division of Cell and Developmental Biology,
University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK;4. Stem Cell
and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of
Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, Hong Kong;5. Department of Biologic and Materials
Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
*yang_xuesong@126.com
Neural tube is the primary rudiment responsible for the
development of the central nervous system, while neural crest
cells are derived from the edges of developing dorsal neural
tube. It is well-known that development of neural tube has
close interaction with the migration of neural crest cells.
Slit/Robo1 signaling was initially identified as a chemorepellent that regulated axon growth cone elongation, but its
mechanisms in controlling neural tube development and
neural crest cells migration are currently unclear. After we
detected the cell cycle, neural crest cells migration, dorsal
and ventral gene differentiations with the chick and
transgenic mice models. We propose that Slit/Robo1
signaling regulates neuroepithelial cell proliferation and
differentiation in a time dependent fashion: (1) Slit/Robo1
signaling activates proliferation and inhibits differentiation
during the onset of neural tube development and disturbance
at this developmental stage will create neural tube defects. (2)
Slit/Robo1 signaling will be biased towards promoting cell
proliferation in the neural tube as the neural folds start to
close by activating the dorsal neural tube genes, Pax7 while
inhibiting ventral neural tube gene, Shh. (3) The highly
regulated spatiotemporal expression pattern of the dorsalventral neural tube genes ensure that the neural tube develop
in a normal manner.
IFAA2014-5-013
Horizons in development
Sharon A. McCracken1, Lucy A.
Rimmington Andrew1, R. Hubbard1, Nicholas A.
Bright1,3, Cockroft Neil1, Jefferson Timothy
B1, Waldron Emma1, D'Lacey Christopher1, Hottor
Bismarck4, Ahenkorah John4, Byrne
Simon1, Ockleford Colin1,2
1
Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation,
University of Leicester Medical School, Leicester, UK;
2
Clinical Anatomy Learning Center, , Lancaster
UniversityMedical School, Lancaster , UK;3Department of
Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge,
UK;4Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical
School, Accra, Ghana
*ockleford@btinternet.com
Our discovery of rivet-like structures in the amnion that pin
together key tissue layers is cause for optimism amongst
medical scientists exploring causes of premature births
following preterm rupture of the fetal membranes. These
structures have the properties expected of nodal sites where
growth and breakdown of strong sheets of collagen take place
and are therefore potential targets for new pharmaceutical
intervention to delay rupture. Maternal endothelium lining
vessels that allow blood to enter and leave the intervillus
space (IVS) and syncytiotrophoblast reflected onto the basal
plate must eventually be united. We now believe that lining
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the IVS there are endothelial cells of maternal origin
participating in a mosaic with trophoblast to form the IVS
lining. Together they align as a monolayer. Endothelial cells
are found extensively lining the basal plate. We show here
using in situ hybridisation that the endothelia are maternal
genetically whereas the ectodermal trophoblast is genetically
fetal. The chorionic plate is also a mosaic combining
endothelial cells and trophoblast. This demonstration of an
extensive allo-epi-endothelium appears to constitute an
exception to the embryological germ layer theory that has
been unchallenged since the late 1800’s.
IFAA2014-5-014
Neonatal chronic exposure to PFOS elicited the
spatial memory deficits in rats
Jing Cui
Ningxia medical university
*tenengyi@163.com
Some recent evidence shows that the environment
contaminant exposed early in life maybe related to the
cognitive deficits. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is
widespread exist in the environment, but the underling
toxicity mechanism in CNS is still unclear. To detect the
effect of chronic exposed to low dose PFOS on learning
memory ability, 10d male SD rats were randomized into
control, model group. The model was established by injection
of PFOS, while Control group with normal saline. All group
rats were administrated continuously for 12 weeks. Morris
water maze test was performed to detect the working learning
and memory ability. The escape latencies on the 12 week in
model group were significantly longer and the probe times in
the platform quadrants were significant less than in controls.
In comparison with model group, the escape latency of
pretreatment with LBP(Lycium barbarum polysaccharide)
group on the 12 week was significantly cut down and the
probe times in the platform quadrant was significantly
increase. PFOS exert stronger neurotoxic effects on spatial
memory of neonatal rats which may be related to related
neurons loss leading to neurodegenerated process.
IFAA2014-5-015
Gene and environment interactions during early
cortical development and consequences for longterm neurological disease.
Zoltan Molnar
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University
of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
*zoltan.molnar@dpag.ox.ac.uk
Cortical development is a complex amalgamation of
proliferation, migration, differentiation, and circuit formation.
These processes follow defined timescales and are controlled
by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A number
of cognitive disorders or conditions are elicited as a result of
disrupted cortical development. The critical window for the
manifestation of a neurodevelopmental disorder is prolonged,
and there is the potential for a complex interplay between
genes and environment. Inflammation and stress, have been
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and it may be that a
better understanding of the interplay between genes and
environment will speed progress in this field. In particular,
the development of the brain needs to be considered in the
context of the whole materno-fetal unit as the degree of the
metabolic, endocrine, or inflammatory responses, for
example, will greatly influence the environment in which the
brain develops. This presentation shall emphasize the
importance of extending neurodevelopmental studies to the
contribution of the placenta, vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid,
and to maternal and fetal immune response. These combined
investigations are more likely to reveal genetic and
environmental factors that influence the different stages of
neuronal development and potentially lead to the better
understanding of the etiology of neurological and mental
disorders such as autism, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and
schizophrenia. Reference: Stolp et al., Front Psychiatry. 2012
3:50.
IFAA2014-5-016
Immunocytochemical peculiarities of the human
foetal pituitary cells
Andy R.M. Chirculescu1, Mihail G2., Coculescu, John
F. Morris3
1
Department of Anatomy, Ch Davila University, Bucharest,
Romania and University of Oxford, United Kingdom;
2
Department of Endocrinology Ch Davila University,
Bucharest, Romania; 3Department of Physiology, Anatomy
and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
*andy_chirculescu@yahoo.com
We present here our results about the peculiar
immunoreactivity (ir) of pituitary cells, concerning
colocalisation of hypophysial hormones in the human foetus
aged 16-22 weeks: growth hormone (GH) or prolactin (PRL)
with the two gonadotropes (FSH and LH). To understand
better the significance of these pituitary cells showing such a
colocalisation, we tested also ir for sex determining region Ybox 2 (SOX2) - marker for stem cells and annexin 1 (ANX1)
- marker for the pituitary folliculo-stellate cells (FS). The
results revealed positive cells, mostly in the periphery of the
gland and lining the cleft, for both ANX1 and SOX2. Testing
the reaction of cultured TtT/GF and TPit cell lines for SOX2,
we found a colocalisation with ANX1 for about 50% of cells.
These data suggest that in the human foetal pituitary there are
some less differentiated cells, after the main cell lineage
differentiation is usually considered to be finished. These
may represent de-differentiated, precursor, progenitor or stem
cells, which may survive during ontogenesis and into the
adult and at least part of them is also ANX1 ir+, typical for
FS cells. Such cells may activate occasionally, to produce a
plurihormonal adenoma.
E3543
The expression of Insulin-like growth factor-ĉand
its receptor during development of rat embryo
brain
Xiaohua Jiang1, Xijin Wei1, Lili Ju2, Deyi Duan2, Yan
Zhou2, Quanyuan Xu2 *
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
139
1
Hebei United University, Tangshan City, Hebei Province
063000. 2 Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital
Medical University; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative
Disease of the Ministry of Education; Beijing 100069
To study temporal expressions of Insulin-like growth factorĉ (IGF-ĉ) and IGF receptor1 (IGF-1R) in the developing
brain of rat and explore their functions in nervous system
development. IGF-ĉand IGFR-1 mRNA level (from E10.5~
E18.5) were detected by Real-time PCR. (1) IGF-ĉmRNA
from E10.5 to E18.5 were 1, 2.6, 13.4, 15.5, 9.2, 51.5, 4.6,
3.5 successively. There were two peaks of IGF-ĉmRNA
expression on E14.5 and E16.5. (2) The relative quantities of
IGF-1R mRNA from E10.5 to E18.5 were 1, 1, 1.5, 2.2, 1.5,
1.5, 1.8, 0.24, 0.24, 1.3 successively, and the level remained
relatively constant
.
E3545
PDGFRĮ expression in the different brain regions
of the rat at different postnatal time
Xijun Wei1, Lili Ju2,Deyi Duan2, Yan Zhou2, Quanyuan
Xu2, Xiaohua Jiang 1*
stomach and intestines. Nestin showed negative or weak
positive expression in the neural cells of the intermuscular
nerve plexus of esophageal tissues, while nestin positive
expression was detected in the neural cells and fibers of the
intermuscular and submucous nerve plexus in the stomach,
and in all layers of the intestine. MAP-2 and nestin regulate
the development of the digestive tract tissues in human
embryos.
E3570
GRTH regulated noncanonical signaling pathways
sustains adult spermatogenesis in mice
Li Li1, Wei Guo2, Xiujun Zhao1 , Yan Jiang1, Fulu
Gao1
1
Department of Histology and Embrylogy, Hebei Medical
University, Shijiazhuang, China 2Reproductive medicine
center, Hebei research institute for family planning,
Shijiazhuang, China
Expression of microtubule-associated protein 2
(MAP-2) and nestin in the developing digestive tract
of human embryo
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the major
disorders which cause male infertility, but the mechanism of
this disease is largely unknown. In the present study, three
missense mutations of GRTH gene were detected in 237
human patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA),
indicating a strong association between GRTH mutation and
NOA. GRTH is a male-specific gene of the DEAD-box
family of RNA helicase involved in translational-associated
events during spermatogenesis,and is specifically expressed
in Leydig cells and germ cells of rat ,mouse and human .To
examine the noncanonical pathways on sustaining adult
spermatogenesis of this gene in spermatogenesis, GRTH was
knocked down in vivo in adult male mice using intratesticular
injection of small inhibiting RNA (siRNA). We found that
inactivation of GRTH resulted in massive germ cell death and
only SCs were present in most of the seminiferous tubules
which was very similar to NOA in humans. In investigating
the potential mechanism for this, histological studies revealed
that the spermatogenesis was arrested in GRTH deficient
testes. In vitro studies demonstrated that GRTH was essential
for cell survival in spermatocytes. Further studies found that
the spermatocytes survival associated genes (stat3 ) and
MAPK signaling genes (ERK1 and p38) were downregulated
in GRTH deficient spermatocytes, and that the expression of
ERK1 ,stat3 and p38MAPK was regulated by GRTH. Our
findings suggest that GRTH is important in spermatogenesis
by regulating the survival of spermatocytes via ERK1 and
p38 signaling pathway and that GRTH mutation is one of the
genetic causes of NOA in humans.
Liu Xuehong, Zhang Yong
E3625
1
Hebei United University, Tangshan City, Hebei Province
063000. 2 Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital
Medical University; Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative
Disease of the Ministry of Education; Beijing 100069
To study expression of platelet-derived growth factor
receptor Į (PDGFRĮ) in the different brain regions of the rat
at different postnatal time. Extracting mRNA and protein
from cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum on
postnatal 7(P7), 14(P14) and 28 days(P28). PDGFRĮ mRNA
level was detected using Real-time PCR and PDGFRĮ
protein level was analyzed using Western Blot. In cerebral
cortex, PDGFRĮ mRNA on P14 is higher than P7 and P28,
but PDGFRĮ protein increased gradually from P7 to P28 (the
expression level on P28 is 2 times higher than that on P7). In
hippocampus, PDGFRĮ mRNA and protein levels kept
steady relatively from P7 to P28. But in cerebellum,
PDGFRĮ mRNA and protein all decreased gradually from P7
to P28. PDGFRĮ maybe have an different ole in different
brain-regions.
E3552
The influence of bilateral symmetry of human being
with diseases
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of
Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City 312000 ,
China
To explore the role of MAP-2 and nestin in human
embryonic digestive tract of developmental stages.
Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to
detect the expressions of MAP-2 and nestin in the esophageal,
gastric and intestinal tissues of human embryos during the
second, third and fourth month of development(n=16). In the
second to fourth months of gestation, MAP-2 expression
were detected in the neural cells and fibers of the
intermuscular and submucous nerve plexus in the esophagus,
Ou, Ming Cheh1, Ou, Dennis2, Pang, Chung Chu3, Ou,
Yi Jen3
1
Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, 2Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, USA, 3Su Women Hospital, Taipei
City, Taiwan
The studies of the snapping shrimp show that the
contralateral snapper claw of the snapping shrimp affects the
development of the new claw after the claw is lost in order to
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achieve a bilateral symmetry in both shape and fiber
composition of bilateral claw (Development, 1987). The
exposure to conspecific mutual interactions of other snapping
shrimps also triggers such claw transformation. Ou MC
(Ming-Cheh) decrescendo phenomenon invoked by
interaction of bilateal parts of human body (hand to body)
shows to decrese the abdominal pain in 78 of 81 women with
acute abdomen (Am J Emerg Med, 2012). Such phenomenon
shows to improve or cure a fairly broad cross-section of
illnesses for 38 patients including infections in 13,
musculoskeletal diorders in 16, degenerative diseases in 3,
oncogenic disorders in 4 and acute injury in 2 (CEM London,
2013, Natrual Science, 2014). Interestingly, the Ou MC
decrescendo phenomenon is capable of being invoked by
either the patient or the therapist.
E3640
Expression change of Hes1 in the neuroepithelial
cells of neural tube defects induced by
hyperthermia
Xue Yan, Hong Jiang, Hui Zhao, Wenjing Liu,
Tianliang Zhang, Li Wang, Li Yu*
Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical
University, Shandong, PR China
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital
malformations that result in infant mortality or severe
disability. Hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1(Hes1) has
an important role in regulating cellular differentiation and
proliferation during embryonic development.However, it is
unclear whether Hes1 is involved in hyperthermia-induced
NTDs.The present study was conducted to investigate the
potential role of Hes1 in NTDs induced by hyperthermia.
Using western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence, the
expression of Hes1 in the neural tube between embryonic day
8.5 and 10 (E8.5-10) in hyperthermia-induced NTDs of
golden hamsters were detected. Our data showed that the
protein levels of Hes1 were decreased in NTDs groups during
NTDs formation, especially at E8.5 and E9.5. Hes1
immunoreactivity was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm
of neuroepithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. The staining
intensity of Hes1 immunoreactivity in the neuroepithelia of
each NTDs group was weaker compared with control groups,
especially at E8.5 and E9.5. Hes1 was related to the
development of the neural tube, and the decreased expression
of Hes1 may play an important role in hyperthermia-induced
NTDs.
E3677
Competing endogenous lincRNA-RoR plays a
critical role in the network of microRNAs and core
transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in
human embryonic stem cells
Yue Wang, Houqi Liu
Research Center of Developmental Biology, Histology and
Embryology Department, Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai, 200433, China
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have an unlimited potential to
be propagated in culture in an undifferentiated state (selfThe 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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renewal). The transcriptional and epigenetic networks
controling ESC self-renewal are the focus of intense interest,
due to their obvious therapeutic potential as well as
exceptional relevance to models of early development. In our
current study, we are addressing the large intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA)-mediated epigenetic regulation of
human embryonic stem cells self-renew and differentiation.
Using both bioinformatic and experimental approaches, we
showed that linc-RoR shares microRNA-response elements
with the transcripts of these core transcription factors (TFs),
e.g., Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, and linc-RoR prevents these
core TFs from microRNA-mediated suppression. Using gene
knockdown and overexpression approaches, we also showed
that endogenous linc-RoR is essential for human ESC selfrenewal whereas ectopic linc-RoR blockes ESC
differentiation through the regulation of microRNAs and
these core TFs. We suggest that linc-RoR forms a feedback
loop with core TFs and miRNAs to regulate ESC
maintenance and differentiation. These results may provide
insights into the functional interactions of the components of
genetic networks during development and may lead to new
therapies for many diseases.
E3689
Bioengineering functional 3D tissue-like model of
human mammary gland to study its organogenesis,
development and neoplastic transformation
Xiuli Wang, Guofeng Wei, Wei Liu, Hong Xu
Dalian Medical University, Dalian China 116044
Three dimensional (3D) breast tumor models play an
invaluable role in providing important insights into breast
cancer. Currently, heterotypic co-cultures of epithelium are
available for the study of cell-cell and cell-extracellular
matrix interactions. However a lack of more complex and
sustainable models involving more than two cell types still
persists. This is important, as increasing evidences have
shown the critical role played by the microenvironment in
establishing normal mammary tissue architecture and its
aberrant behavior during carcinogenesis. To address this
issue, in the past a few years, our laboratories have been
focusing on bioengineering more complex functional 3D
tissue-like models of human mammary gland through
coculturing human mammary epithelial cells, fibroblasts and
stem cell-derived adipocytes in a MatrigelTM/collagen
mixture on porous silk scaffolds. By using these models, we
have demonstrated that stromal cells not only influence
epithelium proliferation and differentiation, but also induce
its morphogenesis and neoplastic transformation. Thus, these
models are the most physiologically relevant surrogates of
human breast tissue that recapitulating its architecture,
functionality and even carcinogenesis.
E3867
Discovery of hPH20 and
hSPACA1immunocontraceptive epitopes and their
effects on fertility in male and female mice
Xuemei Chen, Xiaodong Liu, Xiuhua Ren, Xuewu Li,
Li Wang, Weidong Zang*
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
141
Department of human anatomy, Basic medical college of
Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan , China
Current research concerning human antisperm contraceptive
vaccines is focused on delineating infertility-related epitopes
to avoid autoimmune disease. We constructed phage-display
peptide libraries to select epitope peptides derived from
hPH20 and hSPACA1 using sera collected from infertile
women harboring antisperm antibodies. Following five
rounds of selection,positive colonies were reconfirmed for
reactivity with the immunoinfertile sera. We biopanned and
analyzed the chemical properties of four epitope peptides,
which were named P82, Sa6, Sa37, and Sa76. Synthetic
peptides were made and coupled toBSA. We used the BSA conjugated peptides to immunize BALB/c mice and examine
their effect on fertility in female and male mice. The peptides
generated a sperm-specific antibody response in female and
male mice that caused a contraceptive state. The
immunocontraceptive effect was reversible. These peptides
may find clinical application in the specific diagnosis and
treatment of male and female infertility and contraceptive
vaccine development.
E4066
The expression of nestin in human fetal kidney
Liping Dong, Guanlan Liu, Wenqi Luo, Changchu Wu,
Heng Yuan
Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219,
Hunan ,China
Through research expression of nestin in human fetal kidneyˈ
investigating function of nestin during kidney development.
3-8 months old fetal kidney tissue were obtained and fixed
for paraffin sections as usual. Immunohistochemical staining
was used to determine the expression and distribution of
nestin in fetal kidney. Nestin was expressed in kidneys of 3-8
month human fetal and mainly located in renal corpuscle and
blood capillary while no positive signals could be observed in
renal tubule. Nestin was expressed in normal human fetal
kidney. As gestational age increases, the amount of nestin
expression decreased. So these cells may be a class of not
fully differentiated cells. (Correspondin author:Yuan Heng )
E4120
The effect of BMP-4 on the development of ovarian
follicular in mouse models of chemotherapyinduced POF.
Immunohistochemistry and western-blot analysis were used
to detect BMP-4 protein in ovaries of two groups.
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that BMP-4
expression was strong in primary oocytes, thecal cells and
granular cells of primordial follicles and primary follicles,
especially primordial follicles. BMP-4 expression was not
detected in atretic follicles. Compared with normal control
ovaries, BMP-4 expression was lower in ovaries of treated
group. These data suggests that BMP4 may have positive
effect on folliculogenesis.
E4247
Hedgehog activity is mediated by Gli2 and involves
SLRP regulation in the developing intestine
He Huang, Junhao Mao*
Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of
Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
410013; Department of Cancer Biology, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
The Gli family of transcription factors is thought to
collectively mediate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in mammals.
However, the function of different Gli proteins in gut
development remains uncharacterized. Here, we genetically
dissected the contribution of Gli-mediated transcriptional
activation and de-repression in embryonic intestinal growth
and patterning. We found that removal of the Gli3 repressor
is dispensable for intestinal development and does not play a
major role in Hh-controlled gut development. However, we
found that Gli2 activation is able to fully rescue the
Smoothened (Smo)-null intestinal phenotype, suggesting that
the Gli2 transcription factor is the main effector for Hh
signaling in the intestine. Furthermore, to understand the
molecular mechanism underlying Hh/Gli function in the
developing gut, we identified a subset of the small leucinerich glycoproteins (SLRPs) act downstream of Hh signaling
in the embryonic gut mesenchynme. Functionally, we show
that Osteoglycin, a SLRP protein, inhibits Hh-induced
differentiation towards the smooth muscle lineage in
C3H10T1/2 pluripotent mesenchymal cells. Taken together,
our present study demonstrates for the first time the genetic
roles of Gli proteins in the developing intestine and identifies
SLRPs as the novel regulators of smooth muscle cell
differentiation.
E4292
Knockdown of DLG leads to abnormality of
photoreceptor development in Drosophila
Hui Wu, Yanling Shen, Huan Huang, Tian Yin, Pan Li,
Wenqi Luo
Zhiying Yang, Xuegang Luo, Hongsheng Li*
Changsha Medical University, Hunan, 410219, China
The aim is to explore the effect of Bone Morphogenetic
Protein-4 (BMP-4) on the development of ovarian follicular
in mouse models of chemotherapy-induced Premature
Ovarian Failure (POF). 32 normal female mice, five-weeksold, were chosen and randomly divided into treated group
and normal control group respectively. To model premature
ovarian failure, cyclophosphamide was infected into
abdominal cavity of mice sterilized with busulfan into
subcutaneous tissue. Morphological changes of ovarian were
detected
by
hematoxylin
and
eosin
staining.
Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Health Vocational
College, Changsha, Hunan 410100, China; Department of
Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University
Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013,
China. Department of Neurobiology, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
Drosophila is a good model for study of the visual system. In
the present study, we attempted to record and examine the
ERG (electroretinogram) from the fly Drosophila in a pilot
screen and found a gene named DLG (discs large), which,
when was knockdown from photoreceptor, leads to
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signal pathway. Thus, we conclude that GalT is a key
component that controls invasion process of endometrial
carcinoma cell through the integrinȕ1-mediated signaling
pathway in vitro.
photoreceptor abnormality. Abnormality in the DLG mutant
is characterized by shrunk and disrupted ultrastructure, much
less “capitate projection” and abnormal arrangement of glia
by electron microscopy. Our finding suggests that DLG may
play an important role in the photoreceptor development of
Drosophila.
E4443
E4306
The expressional changes of proNGF signal in
neural tube defects
Developmental origin of the posterior pigmented
epithelium of the iris
Xiaobing Wang, Kai Xiong, Dandan Gu, Songtao
Wang, Jing Chen, Guomin Zhou
Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, FudanUniversity, Shanghai
200032, China
It is well known that, during development, the inner layer of
the optic cup gives rise to the posterior iris pigment
epithelium (IPE) and the neural retina (NR), the outer layer
becomes the anterior IPE and the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE). In our study of human fetal iris development, this was
not the case. In the study, the expression patterns of Otx2 and
Mitf were comparable, while those of Otx2 and Sox2 were
complementary. Furthermore, the morphologic development
of IPE and RPE was identical during the early embryonic
developmental period. Our data suggested that the twolayered epithelium of the iris comes from the outer layer of
the optic cup. The posterior PE of iris is the inward-curling
anterior rim of the outer layer of the optic cup. This study
provided an explanation for why IPE cells are an appropriate
substitute for RPE cells.
E4428
ȕ1, 4-galactosyltransferase-1promotes invasion
capability by integrin-mediated signaling pathway
in human endometrial cancer cells
Ting Gong1.2, Jianhui Fan1.2, Li Kong*3, Ying Kong*1.2
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian
Medical University, 2Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of
Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, 3Department of
histology and embryology, Dalian 116044, China
As an adhesion molecule, ȕ1, 4-galactosyltransferase-1 (GalT)
plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
cancer. The role of GalT on invasive ability of endometrial
carcinoma has not been elucidated. Hence, we investigated
the effect of GalT on invasion in HEC-1A cells and RL95-2
cells. GalT level was detected by RT-RCR, Western blot and
immunofluorescence. GalT was overexpressed and
downregulated in HEC-1A and RL95-2 cells respectively,
and cell invasive ability was analyzed by invasion assay.
Moreover, the integrinȕ1-mediated signal transduction
pathway was detected by Western blot. Herein, we found that
GalT expression was lower in HEC-1A cells as compared to
RL95-2 cells. The upregulated expression of GalT increased
the invasion of HEC-1A cells through increasing the integrin
ȕ1 level and activating FAK/AKT signal pathway, while
ERK pathway was not found to be activated. In contrast,
down-regulation of GalT decreased the invasion of RL95-2
cells through down-regulation of integrinȕ1/FAK/AKT/ERK
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Jin-wei Yang1, Liyan Li2, Jianhui Guo1, Yongsheng
He2, Xiaobing Guo2, Mengxi Guo2
1
First people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Yunnan
Kunming 650032, China; 2Kunming Medical University,
Yunnan Kunming 650500, China
ProNGF-induced apoptosis requires the participation of
sortilin as a necessary p75NTR co-receptor, compared with
that NGF combined the high affinity receptor TrkA and exert
survival role. Apoptosis occurs in the development of neural
tube, but less is known about the underlying mechanism. We
report here the expressional changes of proNGF signal
pathway in Neural Tube Defect in rats which subjected to
All-trans-retinoic Acid. The results showed proNGF, Sortilin
and p75NTR were all detected in normal and NTD from E14d
to E21d, the proteins were widely distributed in various
periods of different structure. RT-PCR showed that the level
of proNGF, Sortilin and p75NTR mRNA were all up-regulated
in the NTD. Taken together, proNGF signal might be
involved in the development of neural tube. proNGF, Sortilin
and p75NTR mRNA in the experimental group more than in
that of control group, part of the time could be reduced,
suggestive that AA leads to apoptosis decreased by
decreasing proNGF and lead to NTD.
E4444
BDNF stimulates the survival, expansion, and
differentiation of human spinal cord Neural Stem
Cells by Wnt/ȕ-catenin Signaling Pathway
Liyan Li1, Jianhui Guo2, Jinwei Yang2, Jin Ru1,
Yongsheng He1, Jia Liu2
1
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Kunming 650500,
China; 2First people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Yunnan
Kunming 650032, China
BDNF has critical function in promoting survival,
differentiation and proliferation of Neural stem cells, but its
downstream regulation mechanism is still not fully
understood. In order to explore whether BDNF can play a
role by Wnt/ȕ-catenin pathway in human embryonic spinal
cord NSCs, we successfully cultured hESC-NSCs and found
the number, area and differentiation of NSCs were increased
after transfected by pIRES2-ZsGreen1-BDNF plasmid.
Expression of Wnt, Frizzled, Dsh were up-regulated in by
Real-time PCR and Western blot, particularly GSK-3ȕ downregulated. Results were contrary after RNA interference. The
expression of PLC-Ȗ and CaM rarely own the statistically
significant. So we hypothesize that GSK-3ȕ may be key
factor between BDNF and Wnt/ȕ-catenin signaling pathway.
Number and size of NSCs were decreased after using BIO
(GSK-3ȕ inhibitor). This study has reavealed that BDNF
might contribute to survival, proliferation and differentiation
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of hESC-NSCs in vitro by triggering the Wnt/ȕ-catenin
pathway, key factor maybe GSK-3ȕ.
The effect of excitatory amino acid transporters 2
on abnormal behavior of offspring influenced by
prenatal stress
E4445
The role of BDNF on development of rat embryonic
spinal cord and relationship with Wnt signal
pathway
Bo Zhao*, Shuang Zhou, Luoyan Sheng
Department of Pharmacology, Medical Science College of
China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
*cbush2004@163.com
Jianhui Guo1, Liyan Li2, Jinwei Yang1, Jin Ru1,
Yongsheng He2, Jia Liu1
1
First people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Yunnan
Kunming 650032, China; 2Kunming Medical University,
Yunnan Kunming 650500, China
To investigate the relationship of BDNF and Wnt signal
pathway in rat embryonic spinal cord neurons and neural
stem cell. We cultured rat neurons and NSC, BDNF protein
and BDNF antibody were used, and the quantity,
measurement of neuronal soma area and neurite length, and
the differentiation rate, number, area and activity were
detected in this two cells. Wnt, Frizzled, dishevelled, GSK-3ȕ,
ȕ-Catenin, c-myc and Cyclin-D1 mRNA were detected by
RT-PCR. The results showed that BDNF can promote rat
embryonic spinal cord derived neuronal survival, axonal
growth, proliferation, differentiation of neural stem cells, and
its mechanism might be through inhibiting the expression of
Wnt signaling pathway, the key factor maybe the GSK-3ȕ,
and the stimulation of nucleus targeted cyclinD1 gene
transcription.
Prenatal stress (PS) can lead to abnormal behavior of
offspring and increase the incidence of mental illness.
Previous researches have shown that levels of glutamate and
its receptor expression are closely related to the occurrence of
this phenomenon. However, the extracellular glutamate
concentration mainly depends on the excitatory amino acid
transporter (EAATs). Furthermore, recent study has
demonstrated that the expression levels of EAAT2 in
different brain regions of 1 month PS offspring rats have
changed. Our study found that the expression of EAAT2 of 2
month PS offspring rats was increased in comparison to 1
month PS offspring rats. These phenomena have illustrated
that the expression of EAAT2 of PS offspring rats could
show time dependence or reversibility. Therefore, the
expression of EAAT2 may play an important role in the
development of mental illness of offspring rats influenced by
PS.
E4513
E4446
Identification of crucial reprogramming genes in
induced pluripotential stem cells and nuclear
transfer cloned embryos
BDNF stimulates the survival and growth of
human spinal cord neurons by Wnt/ȕ-catenin
Signaling Pathway
Lian Duan, Zhendong Wang, Jingling Shen, Zhiyan
Shan, Lianhong Jin, Lei Lei
Jin Ru1, Liyan Li1, Jianhui Guo2, Jinwei Yang2,
Yongsheng He1, Jia Liu2
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical
University, Harbin, China
1
BDNF has critical function in promoting survival and growth
of neurons, but its downstream regulation mechanism is still
not fully understood. In order to explore whether BDNF can
play a role by Wnt/ȕ-catenin pathway in human embryonic
spinal cord neurons, we successfully cultured hESC-NC and
found the number and cell viability were increased after
transfected by pIRES2-ZsGreen1-BDNF plasmid. Expression
of Wnt, Frizzled, Dsh were up-regulated in by Real-time PCR
and Western blot, particularly GSK-3ȕ down-regulated.
Results were contrary after RNA interference. The expression
of PLC-Ȗ and CaM rarely own the statistically significant. So
we hypothesize that GSK-3ȕ may be key factor between
BDNF and Wnt/ȕ-catenin signaling pathway. Number and
viability were decreased after using BIO (GSK-3ȕ inhibitor).
This study has reavealed that BDNF might contribute to
survival and growth of hESC-NC in vitro by triggering the
Wnt/ȕ-catenin pathway, key factor maybe GSK-3ȕ.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs) are widely used in biological research and
regenerative medicine. In order to improve reprogramming
efficiency and better understand the mechanism of SCNT, we
investigated whether the crucial reprogramming genes which
had main effects on iPSCs reprogramming also play
important roles in SCNT reprogramming. Through
integrating gene expression information from microarray
databases and published studies, two co-upregulated gene
lists from miPSCs and mESCs comparing with the somatic
cells were obtained. Thirty-two genes which related to
heterochromatin, embryonic development and cell cycle were
selected from our co-upregulated gene datasets, and were
examined the expression level in the iPSCs and SCNT
embryos by qPCR. The results demonstrated that some
crucial reprogramming genes in iPSCs were also important
for SCNT reprogramming. The network of gene interaction
performed with the differential expressed genes between
SCNT and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) displayed
that these genes were related with the chromatin organization,
heterochromatin, transcriptional regulation and cell cycle.
E4505
E4514
Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Kunming 650500,
China; 2First people’s hospital of Yunnan province, Yunnan
Kunming 650032, China
Effects of dimethylsulphoxide on asymmetric
division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes
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Dongjie Zhou, Xinghui Shen, Na Zhang, Tong Li, Xi
Wu, Lei Lei
biomechanics of neck injury are important to fracture
occurrence.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical
University, Harbin, China
IFAA2014-6-002
Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) is used extensively as a
cryoprotectant and as one of the most common solvents for
several water-insoluble substances. However, the effect of
DMSO on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation remains
unknown. The present study investigated that asymmetric
division and cortical reorganization when oocytes were
exposed in DMSO. We observed DMSO causes failure of
asymmetric division during in vitro maturation, and oocyte
polarization was not established due to the failure of an actin
cap formation and spindle migration. Moreover, an analysis
of the mRNA expression levels of genes related to
asymmetric division revealed that no significant difference in
expression of these genes was observed between the DMSOtreatment group and the control group. Furthermore, after two
sperm heads injection to two “blastomeres” of 2-cell-like M
Ċ oocyte respectively, the embryo had ability to extrude the
second polar body respectively and start to cleavage. We
conclude that the permeable cryoprotectant such as DMSO
affect asymmetric division and DMSO disrupts cytokinesis
completion through failure of cortical reorganization and
polarization.
IFAA2014-6-001
Prevelance of hyoid fractures in cases of fatal upper
body trauma
EN L'Abbe1, SA Symes1,2, KE Stull1
1
Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag
x323, 0007, Arcadia, South Africa;2Department of Applied
Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst College, 501 E. 38th St. Erie,
PA 16546
*ericka.labbe@up.ac.za
Hyoid fractures remain problematic in forensic science. The
hyoid, thyroid and cricoid cartilages are examined in
manual/ligature strangulations and hangings. Several authors
anecdotally imply that injuries associated with hyperflexion/extension of neck are more likely to fracture the
hyoid than strangulation or hanging. This study assessed the
relationship of hyoid fracture with cause of death, sex, age,
bone union, and presence/absence of haemorrhage. A total of
265 hyoid bones associated with motor/pedestrian vehicle
accidents (79/71), fall from heights (39), strangulations (12),
and hangings (64) were assessed during and after autopsy.
Only 56 were female with an equal distribution among age
categories. Logistic regression tested the probability of
obtaining a fracture. Fractured hyoids comprised 9% of the
sample. Fractures were in the middle to distal portion of the
greater horn and associated with a manual strangulation; 4
falls; 5 PVAs; 6 hangings; and 7 MVAs. Cause of death, sex,
and bone fusion did not increase the probability of fracture.
Persons older than 50 years had an increased likelihood of
hyoid fractures than younger persons. Presence of
haemorrhage increased the probability of bone fracture.
Results are inconsistent with current literature. The
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Outer and inner canthal distances: a scenario of
relationship with blood pressure and body mass
index among Hausas of Nigeria.
Magaji G. Taura, Lawan A. Alhasan, Musa H.
Modibbo, Musa Abubakar
Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Bayero
University, Kano, Nigeria
mgtaura.ana@buk.edu.ng
The study was designed to investigate the relationship
between the outer canthal distance (OCD), inner canthal
distance (ICD), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI)
and gender among Hausas of Nigeria. The study population
consisted of 120 males and 75 females. Direct surface
anthropometry was employed to measure the canthal
distances, height and weight. Blood pressure was also
measured using standard protocol. An independent t test and
Pearson’s correlation were used to investigate the gender
differences and relationship respectively using SPSS version
20. The result shows sexual dimorphism in all the variables
except for the BMI. Only outer canthal distance shows
significant relationship with BMI (r= 0.22, P = 0.002) and
systolic blood pressure (r = 0.194, P= 0.007). It was
suggested that, most of the study variables exhibit sexual
dimorphism and only the outer canthal distance shows
significant relation with BP and BMI
IFAA2014-6-003
Variation of facial features among three African
population groups: The implication for adult male
stature
Magaji G. Taura, Lawan A. Alhasan, Musa H.
Modibbo, Musa Abubakar
Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Bayero
University Kano, Nigeria
*mgtaura.ana@buk.edu.ng
Stature is one of the parameters that show a correlation with
facial features. The aim of the study was to compare the
facial features of subjects from three African countries based
on different categories of heights in adult males. A total of
473 participants comprising 220 Nigerians, 143 Ugandans
and 110 Kenyans were compared. 3 paired and 11 unpaired
facial features were measured using surface anthropometry.
Statistical tests used were ANOVA and Benferoni post hoc
using SPSS version 20. The result shows that adult subjects
from Nigeria and Uganda, Nigeria and Kenya with height <
161 cm showed statistically significant difference in skull
height, upper facial height and exophthalmometry value on
both sides. A similar pattern was observed in adult males.
This trend was also noticed in the third group. In addition to
the above the two east African groups (Kenya and Uganda)
show additional variation in five other variables. It was
suggested that adult stature plays a role in the anthropometry
of facial features.
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IFAA2014-6-006
IFAA2014-6-004
Facial anthropometry: A reflection of ancestral
diversity among Africans
Paleopathology and the history of infectious disease:
a global perspective on tuberculosis
Jane E Buikstra
Lawan H. Adamu,Magaji G. Taura,Musa H.
Modibbo,Abdullahi Gudaji
Center for Bioarchaeological Research, Arizona State
University, Tempe, AZ
*buikstra@asu.edu
Department of Anatomy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
*lawanhadamu@yahoo.com
This paper will first examine skeletal evidence for
disseminated TB in the Americas prior to the “Era of
Exploration”. We then consider this American tuberculosis in
the context of traditional models that derive human
tuberculosis from the bovine form in the Eastern
Mediterranean, beginning approximately 8,000 to 9,000 years
ago. Such models for the history and co-evolution of our
species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have largely ignored
the American expression. Since the 1990s, however,
molecular evolutionary models based on contemporary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain variation have
revolutionized our perspective. The antiquity of ancestral
forms for both tuberculosis and humans are proposed to have
existed for perhaps millions rather than thousands of years.
The most parsimonious current global history for TB places
its origin in Africa, then spreading to South and Southeast
Asia. Subsequent dispersal to Europe and increased virulence
characterized the pathogen carried around the globe in the
15th century, which continues to plague 21st century global
health. The origins of the forms documented in the ancient
Americas, however, remains enigmatic, as discussed in this
presentation.
The aim of the study was to compare the facial
anthropometry of Nigerians and two East Africans population
groups. A population size of 611 consists of 267 Nigerians,
154 Ugandans and 190 Kenyans were selected. A surface
anthropometric measurement of 13 facial variables was
recorded. One way analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed
by Benferoni test were used for the comparison using SPSS
version 20. The result shows that in both males and females
upper facial height (UFH), total facial height (TFH), had
significant variation among the three countries. Head length
(HL), skull height (SH), lower facial height (LFH), outer
canthal distance (OCD) had significantly varied between
Nigerians and Ugandans; Nigerians and Kenyans. A Similar
observation was made for head width (HW) in males. Inner
canthal distance (ICD) and bizygomatic distance (BD) show
differences only between Nigeria and Kenya in males and
females respectively. The paired facial variable also shown to
vary between the three countries but this also depends on the
gender. In conclusion, the differences observed may be due to
genetic and environmental factors. Although, only few
variables show differences between Ugandans and Kenyans
IFAA2014-6-007
Comparison between anthropometric
characteristics of upper limb in residents of Qazvin,
Iran and Dera Ghazi Khan,Pakistan
IFAA2014-6-005
Biomechanics and behavioral reconstruction in
bioarchaeology and human paleontology
Ghazale Moshkdanian1,2, Fatemeh Moghani
Ghoroghi1, Maryam Shiasi1, Gholamreza
Hasanzadeh3, Noushin Alaghebandha4, Ali Dehbashi
pour4, Mohammad Abrar Abbas4, Omran Heydar
Zeid4, Mohammad Barbarestani3
Christopher B. Ruff
Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
*cbruff@jhmi.edu
Biomechanical principles were first used to interpret long
bone morphology almost 400 years ago, but anthropologists
have applied these principles to bioarchaeological and human
paleontological remains for only about a tenth of that time
period, i.e., a little over 40 years. Since then, however, use of
this approach to help reconstruct behavioral patterns of past
human populations has grown exponentially. Topics
addressed have included the effects of changes in subsistence
strategy, differences in terrain and physical environment,
sexual dimorphism in behavior, and longer-term variation in
locomotor behavior, including the acquisition and perfection
of terrestrial bipedalism. Variation in body shape has also
been explored in this context. A number of examples of each
of these applications are given from recent and on-going
work. These include a study of more than 2000 European
skeletons dating from the Upper Paleolithic through the 20th
century, a comparison of limb strength proportions among
early hominins from South and East Africa, and a new
structural analysis of the well-known Trinil Homo erectus (?)
femora.
1
Ph.D Student of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of
Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran;2Member of Scientific Council, Anatomical Sciences
Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences,
Kashan, Iran;3Professor, Anatomy Department, Faculty of
Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran4M.D, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin, University of
Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
*barbarestani @tums.ac.ir
The aim of this study was to evaluate anthropometric
characteristics of the length of upper limb, arm, forearm,
brachial index and hand’s length and width in the adult
residents of Qazvin, Iran and Dera Ghazi Khan,Pakistan. This
cross-sectional investigation was performed on 300 adult
inhabitants (180 males and 120 females) of Qazvin, Iran and
356 residents (181 males and 175 females) of Dera Ghazi
Khan, Pakistan aged 18-55 years. Participants were selected
randomly and did not have any physical deformities or any
previous history of trauma. Measurements were performed in
an anatomical position. According to our results brachial
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index in males from DG Khan (96.38±8.33) were
significantly higher than those of Qazvin (78.73±6.39)
(p<0.05). Among Qazvin and DG Khan residents; mean±SD
arm length was 36.8±2.37 and 28.1±2.44respectively. Which
shows a significant difference (p<0.05). Whereas there were
no significant difference between female measurements of
these regions. The result of the present study showed that the
mean dimensions of length of upper limb, arm, forearm, and
hand’s length and width of Qazvin residents, Iran were higher
than DG Khan and the most of the other accomplished
studies.
IFAA2014-6-008
Importance of assessment of skeletal pathology in
forensic anthropological cases
Maryna Steyn
*maryna.steyn@up.ac.za
Analysis of trauma observed in skeletal remains has become
one of the routine tasks requested of forensic anthropologists.
However, many skilled osteologists lack the ability to assess
and interpret bone pathology. There seems to be very little
cross fertilization between the fields of palaeopathology and
forensic anthropology (and even forensic pathology),
although correct interpretation of pathological changes to
bones is of the utmost importance as it has the potential to not
only lead to a personal identification, but may also elucidate
something of the living conditions and health status of the
individual prior to death. This is of special importance in
cases of child abuse, as has also recently been shown in high
profile cases. A review of the forensic anthropological
literature revealed very few cases dealing with pathology on
bones, as cases describing skeletal pathology are mostly
published in the bioarchaeological literature. Also, there are
some gaps in our knowledge with regard to the expression of
disease in modern individuals, for example chronic infectious
disease in the post-antibiotic era. Here we show some
examples of forensic anthropological cases with signs of
pathology. Recent misconceptions that cribra orbitalia is a
condition that no longer occurs in modern societies are also
addressed, and several examples of this condition in recently
living individuals are demonstrated. More emphasis should
be placed on identification of pathological conditions in the
training of forensic anthropologists.
IFAA2014-6-009
Going global: patterns of health and lifestyle in the
past
Clark S. Larsen
Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, United
States
larsen.53@osu.edu
This paper explores patterns of health and lifestyle based on
the study of human remains from archaeological contexts.
Ancient human remains are an essential record of past life
conditions, reflecting economic and other circumstances
affecting physiological stress, growth and development, and
health generally. In addition, skeletal remains provide
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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important perspective on behavior and lifestyle, especially as
expressed by skeletal morphology and degenerative
conditions. This paper explores key economic transitions and
accompanying changes in health and lifestyle, drawing on
research from large regional investigations, including the
History of Health Project, a large collaborative research
program focused on the study of health over the last 10,000
years of human evolution. This paper documents health and
behavioral changes based on dental and skeletal indicators
(dental caries, periodontal disease, osteoperiostitis, and
osteoarthritis). The results of the study show (1) general
increase in prevalence of pathological conditions reflecting
declining quality of life, and (2) fluctuating prevalence of
osteoarthritis, but mostly involving a pronounced decline
during the last several centuries of history. The former is
consistent with increased emphasis on consumption of
carbohydrates and population crowding. The latter reflects
behaviors associated with increased use of labor-saving
technology in the industrial/modern era.
IFAA2014-6-010
Skeletal Manifestations of Child Abuse and Neglect
Ann H. Ross
*ahross@ncsu.edu
Forensic anthropology is an applied subdiscipline of
biological anthropology that relates to medicolegal death
investigations. It is considered its own discipline by many
practitioners and researchers as it has evolved from the
examination of isolated or individual cases to having a strong
research schema. It is extremely important for a forensic
anthropologist to have expert knowledge in many aspects of
skeletal biology and human biological variation in order to be
able to correctly asses, assist the medical examiner in making
identifications, trauma reconstructions and other scientific
recommendations or determinations that will ultimately have
a legal consequence. In addition, many forensic
anthropologists testify on their findings in court and it is
imperative that the forensic anthropologist does not overstep
their bounds or overstate their findings as they would have a
detrimental effect on the case outcome. Cases that exemplify
the breadth of work in child abuse investigations will be
discussed. An important aspect of forensic casework is that
new research is often driven by questions that arise from this
casework.
IFAA2014-6-011
Diagenetic alteration of human bone from the
Crown Mines, South Africa
Stacey L. Lander,Desire M. Brits,Margot J. Hosie
School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the
Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg,
RSA
*stacey.lander@vodamail.co.za
Archaeological human skeletal remains were rescued and
exhumed from the Crown Mines historical cemetery in
Johannesburg. Due to poor preservation, estimates of age, sex,
ancestry and stature could not be accurately assessed from
morphological criteria. In such circumstances, histology has
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147
been shown to be a helpful technique for acquiring additional
information. The assessment of the histological alterations
associated with poor bone preservation, also known as
diagenesis, may lead to more accurate interpretations of the
above estimates. The aim therefore was to describe the
histological integrity of the bones and to assess the chemical
interactions between bones and the soil during diagenesis.
Fifty femora were selected and midshaft cross-sections were
manually ground to describe the histological integrity using
light and polarized microscopy. Five additional midshaft
cross-sections were manually ground and assessed using
Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopy. Histologically, a variety of microcracks,
infiltrations, inclusions and staining were qualitatively
identified however no biodegradation was present.
Chemically, there were a number of elements (Fe, Al, K, Mn,
Ca, P, Na and Mo) that were altered due to diagenesis and a
transfer of elements from the soil to the bone and vice versa
were shown. Overall, the preservation of the bone
microstructure was good, allowing for future histological
assessment to improve the accuracies of estimates, such as
age-at-death.
IFAA2014-6-012
Characteristics of 3D digital modeling of facial type
features of attractive deutromelayu women in
Indonesia
Ulfa Elfiah1, Magda R Hutagalung2, David S
Perdanankusuma2, Toetik Koesbandriati3, Agus
Windharto4.
1
Department of anatomy, Jember University, Surabaya,
Indonesia;2Department of Plastic surgery, Airlangga
University, Surabaya, Indonesia;3Department of
Anthropology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia;
4
Departement of Industrial Design, Institute Technology of
Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
that a most attractive face had a triangular shape, while
attractive and less attractive faces had an oval shape.
Conclusion: 3D digital modeling of the female face could
serve as an instrument for characterizing attractive faces
visually and could play a significant role in differentiating the
Indonesian face from those of other races.
IFAA2014-6-013
Stature estimation from facial anthropometry of
igbo people in abakaliki area of south-eastern
nigeria
Edwin O1. Ewunonu, Chike I.P. Anibeze2
1
Dr. Edwin Ojims Ewunonu, Ebonyi State University,
Abakaliki- Nigeria;2Prof. C.I.P. Anibeze, Ebonyi State
University, Abakaliki- Nigeria
.ediojims02@yahoo.com
The aim of this study is a to estimate the height of adult Igbo
people of South-Eastern Nigeria resident in Abakaliki from
some facial parameters. The facial length, bizygomatic
diameter, bigonial diameter, Nasal Lenght and Nasal Breadth
of a randomly selected sample of 669 males and 331 females
whose age-range falls within 12 years to 45 years were
measured directly with a pair of metal spreading calipers
following International Standard Techniques. The results
show that all the three parameters correlated positively (p <
0.01) with stature. The bizygomatic diameter showed
stronger correlation with stature (r = 0.55) than the other
parameters. Also, regression analysis showed that the
bizygomatic diameter gives better prediction of stature (±SEE
= ±6.63). This could be useful in forensic investigations.
IFAA2014-6-014
The assessment of posttraumatic survical time
Hans H. De Boer1, Lida E. Van der Merwe2, George
J.R. Maat3
elfiah@yahoo.com
Currently Indonesian plastic and reconstructive surgeons and
other practitioners still do not have our own baseline clinical
templates/data which constitute the average craniofacial
complex of our patients to be used as reference points for
example in craniofacial surgery , thus referring instead to
Caucasian anthropometric and cephalometric measurements.
This research objective was to create a 3D digital modeling
of Indonesian facial types, which would provide useful
reference points promptly, accurately and efficiently, in facial
aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery and other
interdisciplinary fields. The method used was an applied
study using anthropometric data attained from 17-25 year old
students without history of facial surgery and orthodontics as
basis for the formulation of a 3D digital modeling for
Indonesian facial types. The first step was to distribute
questionnaires to obtain the public’s criteria of attractive
faces. Direct and indirect anthropometric measurements were
performed. Analyzed results were inserted into 3D modeling
programs to create a digital geometry outline of Indonesian
facial types. An expert then interpreted these images before
concluding the result. These results described distinctive
parameters between most attractive, attractive and less
attractive groups in 3D outline profiles including the forehead,
nasal bridge, the relationship of the positions between upper
and lower lips and between lips and chin. Frontal 3D showed
1
Barge's Anthropologica, Dept. of Pathology, Academic
Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2Barge's
Anthropologica, Dept. of Anatomy, Embryology and
Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands3Barge's Anthropologica, Dept. of Anatomy and
Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The
Netherlands
hanshdeboer@gmail.com
The posttraumatic status of ante mortem fractures in human
dry bone remains is generally defined as being either ‘healing’
or ‘healed’. However, a detailed ‘dating’ of the related posttraumatic time intervals would be desirable, since that would
aid in the assessment of the medical status of victims at the
time of their death. Within forensic pathology practice, fresh
tissue healing phases of soft tissue wounds are routinely used
as an intrinsic parameter for the length of the posttraumatic
time interval. This principle should also be applicable for
bone tissue injuries, since bone tissue response also follows a
strict time-dependent developmental sequence. In theory, the
lack of soft tissue in human dry bone should hamper the
application of such an approach. Recent research shows
however, that combined radiological and histological analysis
of traumas in human dry bone, complementary to routine
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gross anatomical interpretations, reveals healing features
indicative for distinct posttraumatic time intervals in a
consistent way. The approach allows for such a 'narrow'
estimation of the posttraumatic time interval, that
reconstruction of trauma sequence in case of multiple
traumas becomes possible. Also revelations on living
conditions, medical care and cause of death of victims might
come within reach.
IFAA2014-6-014
The assessment of posttraumatic survical time
Hans H. De Boer1, Lida E. Van der Merwe2, George
J.R. Maat3
1
Barge's Anthropologica, Dept. of Pathology, Academic
Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2Barge's
Anthropologica, Dept. of Anatomy, Embryology and
Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands;3Barge's Anthropologica, Dept. of Anatomy and
Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The
Netherlands
hanshdeboer@gmail.com
The posttraumatic status of ante mortem fractures in human
dry bone remains is generally defined as being either ‘healing’
or ‘healed’. However, a detailed ‘dating’ of the related posttraumatic time intervals would be desirable, since that would
aid in the assessment of the medical status of victims at the
time of their death. Within forensic pathology practice, fresh
tissue healing phases of soft tissue wounds are routinely used
as an intrinsic parameter for the length of the posttraumatic
time interval. This principle should also be applicable for
bone tissue injuries, since bone tissue response also follows a
strict time-dependent developmental sequence. In theory, the
lack of soft tissue in human dry bone should hamper the
application of such an approach. Recent research shows
however, that combined radiological and histological analysis
of traumas in human dry bone, complementary to routine
gross anatomical interpretations, reveals healing features
indicative for distinct posttraumatic time intervals in a
consistent way. The approach allows for such a 'narrow'
estimation of the posttraumatic time interval, that
reconstruction of trauma sequence in case of multiple
traumas becomes possible. Also revelations on living
conditions, medical care and cause of death of victims might
come within reach.
IFAA2014-6-016
A comparative study on four morphological indices
of human population genetics of Hakka people
living in China
Dapeng Zhao1, Lianbin Zheng1, Yonglan Li2, Keli
Yu1, Xinghua Zhang1
1
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,
College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,
China;2College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner
Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
*dpzhao329@gmail.com
The Hakka is one special population with most worldwide
distribution and far-reaching influence in anthropological
history. Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province in China
are two important migratory nodes in Hakka history as well
as main settlements nowadays. The comparison of four
morphological indices of human population genetics
(including thumb type, palmar digital formular, fingernail
type and plantar digital formular) was conducted between
two groups, 520 Hakka individuals (343 males,177 females)
from Jiangxi Province and 203 Hakka individuals (68
males,135 females) from Guangdong Province. The main
results were listed as follows: (1) there were no significant
sex differences on the frequencies of four indexes for each
group; (2) a significant differences between palmar digital
formular and plantar digital formular as well as between
fingernail type and plantar digital formular occurred in
Jiangxi groups rather than in Guangdong groups; (3) for each
sex, there were no significant differences on all indexes
between two focal groups; (4) compared with other 10 ethnic
groups, the frequency of straight thumb showed a relatively
lower level whereas the frequency of the long-shaped and
square-shaped fingernail and the big toe displayed a middle
level. Our findings are discussed in light of Hakka historical
and genetic considerations.
IFAA2014-6-017
Ethnic inequalities and sex differences in body mass
index among Tibet minorities in China: implication
for overweight and obesity risk
Dapeng Zhao1, Yonglan Li2, Lianbin Zheng1
1
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,
College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,
China;2College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner
Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China.
*dpzhao329@gmail.com
Obesity becomes a growing epidemic throughout the world,
spreading from developed countries to developing countries.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese
adults has increased greatly in the past two decades. In the
present study, we for the first time investigated overweight
and obesity level of Tibet minorities in China. These groups
live in remote villages at the south slope of Qinghai-Tibetan
Plateau, China. For each ethnicity, the total people number is
less than 10 thousands. Given that body mass index (BMI) is
commonly used as a good indicator of human overweight and
obesity, we adopted BMI to evaluate overweight and obesity
level of three ethnic minority groups (Deng, Lhoba, Monba)
in Tibet, China. We found that males showed significantly
higher scores than females on body weight and stature
whereas there was no significant sex difference on BMI for
each ethnicity. Both sex and ethnicity were significantly
associated with the distribution of BMI classification. The
prevalence of overweight and obesity level of Lhoba
ethnicity generally (18.42%) is higher than that of Monba
(17.65%) and Deng ethnicity (6.29%). We provide the first
evidence on the status of overweight and obesity level among
Tibet minorities. Measures to prevent, reduce or treat
overweight and obesity of these ethnic minority groups are
urgently required.
IFAA2014-6-018
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149
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in Dai
ethnicity
Dapeng Zhao, Zhuoyue Chen, Yuan Wang, Keli
Yu, Xinghua Zhang, Lianbin Zheng
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,
College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin,
China
*dpzhao329@gmail.com
The ratio of the length of the second finger to the fourth
finger (2D:4D) in humans is considered as a putative marker
of prenatal exposure to testosterone, and has been adopted as
one common tool to evaluate the effect of prenatal hormones
on physical ability such as handgrip strength. In this study,
we for the first time investigate 2D:4D and handgrip strength
on adult participants of Dai ethnicity and explore the
relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip
strength. We examined 2D:4D and handgrip strength of 138
males and 142 females in the Xishuangbanna Dai
Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province of China. We
found that the mean 2D:4D in females was higher than that in
males for each hand. Males displayed significantly higher
handgrip strength than females for each hand. Handgrip
strength decreased with age for both sexes. We found no
significant correlation between 2D:4D and handgrip strength
in both hands for each sex. Our findings suggest that 2D:4D
is not related to handgrip strength at this Dai population.
Future studies with larger samples and various physical
fitness indices should be undertaken to verify if similar
results are found.
IFAA2014-6-019
Age-related changes of the second metacarpal
length in chimpanzee age 0 to 43.6 years
Tetri Widiyani1, Bambang Suryobroto2, Yuzuru
Hamada3
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Science, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia;
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;
3
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama,
Aichi, Japan
exhibited an initial increase in bone length with age. Bone
length accelerated for the first 8 years of age. Sexual
difference in bone length, which was greater in males than in
females, has been apparent significantly since 13 years of age
(post-adolescence stage). Several chimpanzees of both sexes
showed a pre-adult growth spurt at around age 7 years. There
was a wide-age inter-individual variation in the growth spurt.
Bone length maturated at about 13 years of age. After
maturation until old age, bone length tended in plateau for
both sexes.
IFAA2014-6-020
Musculoskeletal stress markers on long bones: CT
based validation
Julia Abramov1, Nathan Peled2, Israel Hershkovitz1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel;
2
Department of Radiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa,
Israel.
julia.abramov@gmail.com
Musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) occur on sites where
a muscle, tendon, or ligament attaches to the periosteum.
Many researchers use these stress markers in order to
reconstruct past lifestyles and habitual activities, under the
assumption that the marker intensifies with increased loading
on the musculoskeletal system. However, this assumption is
not evidence-based, to the present there is no study that
examine, in living individuals, the association between the
rate of expression of MSM and muscles’ density and size,
making the usage of MSM a doubtful tool. In the current
study, we examine CT scans of the upper and lower limbs of
adult males and females (age 20 to 40 years). In the upper
limb, the muscles studied were the biceps, pectoralis major
and deltoid and the MSM was the deltoid tuberosity. In the
lower limb we studied the gluteus maximums and the
adductor magnus and the MSM was the linea aspera. For the
muscles, we recorded muscle density, degree of fatty
infiltration, and muscle cross-sectional area. MSM were
evaluated using the volume rendering procedure, and the
scoring system followed Hawkey and Merbs (1995). This
study aims to provide a scientific basis for the usage of MSM
in anthropological studies.
IFAA2014-6-021
tetri_mipa_uns@yahoo.com
Withdraw.
Knowledge about growth and development in a variety of
non-human primate species are essential in deciphering the
evolution of biological characteristics of human. The first and
major interest in the evolution of growth and development of
human is whether non-human primate species have an
adolescent growth spurt corresponding to that of human.
Adolescence growth spurt in linear dimensions is not a
universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Here, we
report on the age-related changes of the mid shaft second
metacarpal length for chimpanzees aged 0 to 43.6 years based
on radiogrammetry. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
were established with a relatively larger number of samples.
A total of 482 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left
hands were used for the study. They were taken from 68
females and 49 males. Some chimpanzees were x-rayed more
than once to provide longitudinal data. We found chimpanzee
IFAA2014-6-022
Facial fatness as a complicating factor in forensic
facial reconstruction
Carrie A. Clarke, Alan G. Morris, Louise J. Friedling
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences,
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
*carrie.clarke@uct.ac.za
A reasonable assumption in facial reconstruction is that a
significant proportion of the variation in facial tissue
thicknesses comes from anatomical differences between
populations. However, we do not know how much of this
normal variation is caused by including the full range of
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150
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
individual obesity or slimness. Current population standard
soft tissue thickness data used in facial reconstructions
ignores the variation between individuals which, in theory,
could be greater than the variation between populations or
sexes. The aim of this study is to test if facial tissue thickness
is due to the amount of sub-cutaneous fat, sex or racial
origins. One of the objectives is to help develop more
consistent methods for facial reconstruction in forensic cases
by giving us critical information that will help us understand
how variation in soft-tissue thickness affects the accuracy of
these reconstructions. Methods currently used do not give a
true reflection of the individual because they ignore the
variation in fatness. The study has two stages. Stage 1
determined a corrective value for the non-linear distortion
found between LODOX® images and the actual physical
tissues, using cadaver heads. Stage 2 is using use
measurements taken from LODOX® images of volunteers
and physical measurements.
IFAA2014-6-023
Fracture pattern analysis: a forensic perspective
Haim Cohen1,2, Israel Hershkovitz1, Tatiana Sella
Tunis 1, Bahaa Medlej1,4, Dan Stein1, Tamar Brosh3
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RappaportTechnion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israe;l 3Laboratory of Fine
Measurements, Dental School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv
University, Israel; 4The National Center of Forensic
Medicine, Ben Zvi 67, Tel Aviv, Israel
*haimcoh1@post.tau.ac.il
Fracture pattern analysis explores the topographical features
of a fracture surface and fracture lines. Most studies that
looked into fractures were more concerned in revealing the
mechanical properties of the bones and less on the incidence
that lead to the fracture. Fracture analysis in the forensic
setting are of major importance in reconstructing the cause
and manner of death in cases like homicidal assault, suicide,
falls, child abuse and road traffic accidents. The general
objective of the study was to reveal the association between
fracture pattern and impact velocity and direction and to
examine the effect of bone morphology on fracture pattern. In
order to achieve the research objectives femoral pig bones
were fractured by impact load (Instron POE 2000) in 3 point
bending configuration while changing impactor velocity and
direction related to the long axis of the bone. Fracture
analysis was carried by measuring the fracture line length and
number using Microscribe® G2X 3D digitizers. Fracture
lines length and number are significantly associated (p<0.02)
with the impact velocity and direction. Significant positive
correlation exists between bone length and fracture line
(r=0.47).
IFAA2014-6-024
The human chin: Its structure and function
Tatiana Sella-Tunis1,2, Rachel Sarig1,2 , Bahaa
Medlej1,3, Haim Cohen1, Dan Stein 1, Alexander D.
Vardimon2, Israel Hershkovitz1
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, Israel; 2Department of Orthodontics,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ; 3The National Center of
Forensic Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
*tanechka1@gmail.com
The chin is a uniquely modern human (Homo sapiens) trait
and is absent in other members of the Homo genus or any
known non-human primates. The formation of the chin and
its function is still obscure and not understood. The purpose
of the study is to gain insight on the structural characteristics
of the chin and to locate the facial features associated with its
size and shape, these in order to reveal its function and
variation in modern humans. The study was carried out on
CT images of 438 healthy individuals. No differences were
found in the chin parameters, except for the chin width,
between the genders. Also, we did not find significant
changes in the chin parameters after the age of 18 years.
Symphyseal inclination to the mandibular plane and the
antegonial notch were found as strong predictors for chin
projection in males (R2= 0.544, Pv< 0.001). In females,
symphyseal and lower incisors inclination to the FH,
mandibular body angulation were found to be among the
strongest predictors (R2= 0.726, Pv< 0.001). Our results
suggest a complex relationship between chin morphology and
major anatomical features of the face and skull.
IFAA2014-6-025
Age-gender related anthropometric values and
cranio-facial indices- a study in Malaysia
Swamy B Kaki1, Suwaiba ABD Hadi2
1
Faculty of Medicine, Mahsa University, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia; 2Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal
Abidin, Kuala terengganu, Malaysia.
*kaki.swamy@gmail.com
Cranial indices serve as an indicator of brain size which is a
determinant of the intelligence of a population. The aim of
this study was to assess the craniofacial indices of children
and adolescents in Malaysia. This cross sectional study was
conducted on healthy primary and secondary school children.
Anthropometric measurements including weight and height
of the subject and Cephalometry which includes the head
length, height and breadth as well as face length and width
were measured for each subject. A total of 419 subjects (203
male and 216 female) participated in this study. Mean age of
the participants was 12.51 ± 2.82 years. Male subjects were
significantly taller (p=0.04) and had greater head height
(p=0.004) and breadth (p<0.001) as well as greater face
length (p<0.001) when compared with female subjects. Only
facial length was significantly different between genders in
the age groups (p=0.001). Lifestyle and ethnicity have an
important role in determining the head size of children and
adolescents.
IFAA2014-6-026
Obesity, biomarkers and mortality in multiethnic
cohort of older women in the US
Zhao Chen
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
151
Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health,
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, US
*zchen@email.arizona.edu
Obesity is a known risk factor for increased total mortality
and cause-specific mortality. The objective of this study is to
better understand the relationship between BMI, waist
circumference and mortality in different ethnic groups of
older women and to study the underline biological
mechanism of this association. Data on anthropometric
measurements and mortality from over 160,000 women in the
Women’s Health Initiative were used. Biomarkers including
anabolic and catabolic factors were assessed in a subgroup of
women (n = 1000). Age-adjusted mortality rates were
calculated by age and ethnicity. Cox proportional models
were used to assess the relationship between mortality, BMI
and waist circumference after adjusting for confounders. The
relationship between biomarkers, BMI and waist
circumference was studied using general linear models. The
results from this study suggest a J shape relationship between
mortality and BMI, and a linear relationship between
mortality and waist circumference. Optimal BMI and waist
circumference vary by age. Inflammation may contribute to
the association between obesity and mortality, especially
central obesity and mortality.
IFAA2014-6-027
Occipito-frontal circumference (OFC) and body
mass index (bmi) in children; any correlation?
Muhammad A1. Musa, Abdullahi D
Zagga1, Mohammed Danfulani2, Jibrin D.
Usman1, Abubakar Bello1, Hamid Ahmed3
1
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences,
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria;.2Department
of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria;3Department of Pediatrics,
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto,
Nigeria;.
*musa.muhammadawwal@gmail.com
Head measurements such as occipito-frontal circumference
and body mass index are very useful tools used by
pediatricians and other caregivers of infants and young
children as it helps them to recognize common certain
abnormalities at an early stage. The aim of this study was to
investigate if any correlation exists between occipito-frontal
circumference (OFC) and body mass index (BMI) of children
resident in Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 153 children (89 males
and 64 females) aged 2 - 8 years were recruited for this study.
The occipito-frontal circumference (cm), body weight (kg)
and height (cm) of the study participants were measured and
body mass index calculated using internationally accepted
standards according to sex. Pearson’s product-moment
correlation coefficients between variables were computed
using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. A total of 58.17% males
and 41.83% females participated. The overall mean age of the
study participants was 4.47±2.17. The mean OFC was
49.07±2.35 in males and 49.64±2.21 in females and this
difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The
mean BMI in males and females was 13.98±2.65 and
14.44±1.95 respectively. A strong positive correlation was
observed between OFC and BMI in females and a strong
negative correlation between the two variables in males.
From this present study, there is a correlation between OFC
and BMI in both males and females. Routine OFC evaluation
and body mass index calculation in children can be of clinical
importance in determining the timing and etiology of certain
illnesses.
IFAA2014-6-028
Characterization of a tumor suppressor sequence
from 18th to 19th century mummies
Michal Feldman1, Rina Arbesfeld1, Ella Sklan2, Gila
Kahila Bar-Gal3, Israel Hershkovitz1
1
Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2
Department of Human Microbiology , Sackler Faculty of
Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 3The Koret
School of Veterinary Medicine, the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
*michalfe@gmail.com
Yearly, over 1 million people are diagnosed with colorectal
cancer. This neoplasia of the large intestine begins as small,
benign clumps of cells (adenomatous polyps) which over
time become cancerous. The few reports on tumors in ancient
specimens are based mainly on the presence of specific bone
lesions or histological studies. Considering the enormous lifestyle and environmental changes human society has
undergone in the last centuries, the ability to compare the
spectrum of ancient mutations to the modern spectrum seems
important for the understanding of the etiology and evolution
of neoplasia. Mutations of the Adenomatous polyposis coli
gene (APC) are strongly linked with the development of
colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. In our research we
examined 18th to 19th century naturally preserved mummies
that were found in sealed crypts in the town of Vác, Hungry.
The preservation level enabled comparison between APC
gene fragments isolated and sequenced from the ancient
tissue and modern published APC gene variants. A partial
sequence of the APC gene from 3 different individuals who
lived in the 18th century was characterized. One individual
was found to be homozygous to a miscoding mutation
possibly associated with a predisposition to the development
of multiple colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. Our
data, indicating the presence of a cancer predisposing
mutation and possibly cancer in a person from the 18th
century combined with future ancient DNA data may provide
a fuller picture of cancer epidemiology and cancer evolution
in historic and modern times
IFAA2014-6-029
Kinetics of gait, postural balance and body mass
index during the first, second and third trimester of
pregnancy
Héctor Silva Mella1; Alexis Caniuqueo Vargas2 ; José
Fernandes Filho2 ; Guissela Quiroz Siever2 ; René
Rivas Valdebenito2
1
Universidad de La Frontera, Chile 2Universidad Autónoma
de Chile, Chile
hector.silva@ufrontera.cl
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The pregnancy is characterized by a set of changes in
physiological, psychological, emotional and mechanics that
can affect health. The objective of this investigation was to
analyze the kinetics behavior of gait, postural balance and
body mass index (BMI) by trimester the pregnancy. The
methodology was not experimental, comparative and
correlational. The samples were 25 women between 20 y 30
years, selected under a criterion not probabilistic. The gait y
postural balance, were evaluated from the behavior of the
reaction force to the floor by pressure center, in gait
platforms and postural oscillograph respectively both
manufacturing Artoficio. IMC we calculated from the weight
and size measured by estadiometer, Seca brand model 700.
The results show for the march significant differences
(p<0,05) in the power in the support phase and push, tread
duration left foot and work in the pushing phase between the
different trimester of pregnancy, for the postural balance
significant differences were found in follow up condition and
front view of posturography static (p<0,05) for trimester,
addition, significant differences in IMC. It was concluded
that the significant increase in IMC could generate alterations
in the gait kinetics in the respective sub phases the support
phase and postural balance in the conditions of front view
and eyes closed.
Zhi Cheng, Lianbin Zheng,
F3564
F3602
The affection of rural urbanization of chaoyang
district, beijing to young lumbar disease incidence
tendency
Tao Jing, Shengyi Wu
Department of anatomy and biomechanics, Capital
University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
2012 human body science graduate, Capital University of
Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
In this paper, 100 young adults were randomly selected from
each one of three streets of Chaoyang District, Beijing.
Testees were separated into two groups, city and countryside,
and participated in a necessary sit and reach test conducted
in accordance with the provisions of the China Physical
Fitness Surveillance Center. The completion rate of testees
from countryside group is 65%, while approximately 46%
from city group passed the test. This result implied that a
considerable part of young adults’ lumbar spine action could
not reach normal feasible domain, and testees from city group
showed a more significantly disorder of lumbar vertebra than
those from countryside group. Another survey conducted
meanwhile showed that the city group had a lumbar disease
incident rate 32%, much higher than that of countryside
group, 16%. So probably completion of sit and reach test is
closely related to risk of lumbar disease. We assume that
rural urbanization, lack of exercise, fast food based diet, may
be factors in rejuvenation and an increasing tendency of
lumbar disease. So we recommend the application of healthy
lifestyle and scientific methods of physical exercise, which
can effectively prevent or control young lumbar disease
incidence, thus improve national physique.
F3601
Validity of multiple indicators on predicting percent
body fat in an adult chinese population
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Binshui
West Road 393, Tianjin 300387, China
Overweight and obesity are risk factors causing
cardiovascular and metabolic disease of adults and
adolescents. Our study attempted to be in comparison with
validity of multiple indicators on body fat distribution pattern
of Chinese. Results showed that there was a higher
significant correlation between PBF and body measurement
values (skinfold thickness and body circumference) for both
males and females. Moreover, the values of BMI, BAI and
WHtR were high correlation with age in both males and
females. Males showed much higher correlation between
excessive central fat indexes (WC and WhtR) and advancing
PBF in the period of adulthood than the females, and it mean
that the fat deposition of females mainly concentrate in the
extremities. For the partial correlation analysis, BMI was
better predicted PBF than other indexes in both men and
women. When all of these indicators were considered
together, we conclude that Chinese has been created serious
overweight and obese problem, and BMI is a better indicator
of PBF in Chinese population.
Correlation analysis on statures and weight of rural
han adults with latitude
Lianbin Zheng, Keli Yu, Wei Deng, Shi Rui, Jingping
Bao, Xinghua Zhang
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin
300387
18 indicators, including stature, weight and others, were
measured from 16,501 rural Han adults in 36 areas across
China from 2009 to 2013, and 6 indexes were calculated. The
results shown that heights of head, face, trunk and lower
limbs all increased with latitude, and they commonly
promoted the positive correlation between stature and latitude.
And with the increase of latitude, Chinese rural Han’s body
fat gradually increased, fat volumes of chest and enterocoelia
visceral organ gained, all of the trunk breadth, trunk skeletal
weight, thickness of female’s triceps skinfold, subscapular
skinfold, supraspinale skinfold and medial calf skinfold
increased, thickness of male’s biceps and back subcutaneous
fat gained, male’s thigh bone and female’s upper arm bones
became heavier, and male’s upper arm muscle developed
gradually. Variations of all the factors above commonly lead
to the positive correlation between body weight and latitude
in rural Han
F3603
Body weights in chinese populations
Yonglan Li, Shunhua Lu, Yuling Li
College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia
Normal University, Hohhot 010022
The body weights of 26,954 Han Chinese adults in 67 areas
across China were measured from 2009 to 2013. The results
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
153
showed that: In China the 3 areas (North China, Northeast
China and Jianghuai Plain) were with the greatest body
weight. Chinese Han who located in areas of HangJiahu were
the general level, and similar to southwestern dialect groups.
The mean values of body weight in Hunan Han and Fujian
Han were greater than other Han groups in southern China.
The body weight increased with the increase of height, bones
diameter, subcutaneous fat of limbs and trunk, chest
circumference and abdomen circumference. The reasons that
Northern Han men were heavier than southern Han men are
Northern Han men were taller, with larger waist
circumference and thicker back subcutaneous fat. The heights,
upper limb bones, chest circumference and abdomen
circumference, and subcutaneous fat of limbs and trunk of
Northern Han women were larger than rural Southern Han,
which the reasons that the body weight values were larger
than southern Han women.
F3604
Body statures in Han populations of china
Lianbin Zheng, Keli Yu, Rui Shi Xinghua Zhang, Wei
Deng Xue Song, Jinyuan Tian
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin
300387
The body statures of 26,952 Han Chinese adults located in 67
areas across China (16,501 in rural areas and 10,451 in urban
areas) were measured between 2009 and 2013. The results
showed that currently the majority of rural Han populations
were of "medium" statures, whereas most urban populations
were of "ultra-medium" statures. In the 20–44 year age group,
about 11% of rural males, 40% of urban males, and 30% of
urban females were “tall” in stature, whereas no “tall” rural
females were identified within this age group. However, male
and female populations in the Jianghuai and Jianghan plains
in central China were taller than some of the northern Han
populations. In recent years, a significant increase in the body
size of Han people has been noted. The composition of genes
involved in stature traits of Han populations across the
country has provided the genetic foundation for the varying
statures of different Han populations.
the tibia. Two osteotomy were made on the proximal and
distal metaphsis of the tibia, and the bone transport were
made at a speed of 1mm/d for each osteotomy site. The
follow up ranged from 10~36 months (averaging 16 months).
All the soft tissue of the legs healed while all the tibia defects
were reconstructed. The discrepancy of the two legs were
within 2 cm. Two-site osteotomy of bone transport is
effective and will accelerate the healing of large defects of
the tibia and soft tissue.
F3844
Free vascularized leg perforator flap for the
wounds of the extremities
Yongqing Xu
The Affiliated Ortopedic Hospital, Kunming General
Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032,Chian
To evaluate the locating effects of a portable ultrasound for
leg perforator flaps, and the clinical effects of leg perforator
flaps for the wounds of the extremities. Since December 2009
to March 2011, 31 cases of soft tissue defects of the
extremities were treated with free vascularized leg perforator
flaps in our center. A portable ultrasound were used for the
locating of the perforator arteries of the leg before the
operations. These flaps include 24 cases of the fibular artery
perforator flaps (4 with simultaneous fibula transfer), 3 cases
of the posterior tibia artery perforator flap, 2 cases of the
medial gastrocnemius artery perforator flap, and 2 cases of
the lateral gastrocnemius artery perforator flap. The flap size
ranged from 15×8cm to 1×1.5cm. The caliber diameter of the
perforator artery ranged from 0.2mm to 1.8mm. The wounds
included 21 cases of the hand, 5 cases of the forearm, and 5
cases of the leg. The coincidence rate intraoperatively of the
portable ultrasound was 96.8%. All the flaps survived and the
wounds healed uneventfully. The donor site of the flaps were
either closed directly or closed with partial split-thickness
skin graft. The portable ultrasound is an effective, reliable
and accurate instrument for locating the leg perforator flaps.
The leg perforator flaps have the advantages of convenient
harvest, satisfactory thickness, less donor site morbidity, and
high survival rate.
F3845
The clinical analysis of effects on adult femoral
head necrosis by transplantation of pedicled iliac
bone graft with ascending branch of lateral femoral
circumflex artery
F3843
Two-site osteotomy bone transport for large
segmental defects of tibia and soft tissue
Yongqing Xu
Yongqing Xu
Othopaedic Research Institute of Kunming General Hospital,
Chengdu Military Command, PLA, Kunming 650031, China.
The Affiliated Ortopedic Hospital, Kunming General
Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
To do two-site osteotomy of tibial bone transport of for large
defects of the tibia and sort tissue and evaluate its role in
accelerating the bone union and soft tissue healing. From
May 2009 to May 2011, 6 cases of large tibial and soft tissue
defects were treated in our institute. The cases were all open
fractures of Gustilo IIIB, with an average of 34.5y. The
causes include 5 cases of accidental trauma, 1 case of
machine crashing. The size of soft tissue of the anterior leg
ranged from 8cm×4cm to 24cm×11cm ˈ and the defect
length of the tibia defect was from 8~18cm. After
debridement, the half-ring external fixator were used to fix
To study the treating methods on femoral head necrosis of Ċ
and ċ stages. 65 patients were observed by operative
treatment, and their curative efficacy were observed by
follow-up. The excellent and good rate was 87.69%. but the
curative effect was obviously higher in the Ċ stage(97.22)
than in the ċ stage of femoral head necrosis(75.86%). The
implantation of pedicled iliac bone graft with ascending
branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery is effective to
femoral head necrosis, espeicially to the Ċ stage. The
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treating methods is worthy of being recommended in clinical
treatment.
Physical characteristics of han in china and allen's
rule
F3864
Xinghua Zhang, Lianbin Zheng, Keli Yu, Wei Deng,
Jingping Bao
The fat distribution characteristics of Zhuang
middle-aged and elderly people
Xiufeng Huang, Rongyao Wei
Institute of Anthropology,You Jiang Medical College for
Nationalities,Baise Guangxi,China
To obtain the fat base value and the fat distribution
characteristics of Zhuang middle-aged and elderly people.We
randomly selected 625 healthy middle-aged and elderly
people whose parents are zhuang.We detected all subjects
with body composition analyzer and concluded the total
fat,fat free mass(FFM),visceral fat level and the total body fat
ratio,limb and trunk fat content and fat ratio.The FFM,total
fat and body fat rate had statistical significance difference
compared to male and female the same age(P<0.05).Visceral
fat level compared to male and female 50~ and 60~years old
group difference were statistically significant(P<0.05),and
the rest had no statistical significance(P>0.05).In addition to
50~ and 70~ years old group trunk body fat mass differences
were statistically significant(P<0.05),and the other parts of
body fat mass and rate were not differences.The fat
distribution of Zhuang middle-aged and elderly people were
gender and age change differences.
F3866
Chinese Han’s physique variations and bergmann’s
rule
Lianbin Zheng, Keli Yu, Rui Shi, XinghuaZhang,
Jinping Bao
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,
Tianjin300387
Physique indicators of 16501 Han adults in 36 districts of
China were investigated to discuss the pattern how the
physique values changed with mean annual temperature, and
to analyze the causes. Results showed that: male’s stature and
weight had a negative correlation with mean annual
temperature while female’s stature didn’t relate to it, but
female’s weight had a negative correlation with it. With the
mean annual temperature’s fell, male’s lean body mass
increased, chest breadth and circumference, and the
maximum forearm circumference also increased. The speed
of chest circumference’s increase was quicker than that of the
stature value’s increase. Female’s fat mass and lean body
mass increased both. The trunk breadth and circumference,
the four limbs’ circumferences (except for the biceps
circumference) and back subcutaneous fat thickness
increased, female’s chest also became thicker. Chinese rural
Han’s physique variations accorded with the Bergmann’s rule.
Genetic difference is the main factor that caused the Chinese
Han’s physique variation with mean annual temperature.
F3868
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College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin
300387, China
Study on the variation rule of Morphological Characteristics
of 16,501 Han Chinese adults in 36 areas with different mean
annual temperature. Research found: Nasal depth and
morphological ear length are linearly increase as the mean
annual temperature goes down, which is not consistent with
Allen's Rule. Upper extremity length, forearm length and
stature-upper extremity length index are positively correlated
with mean annual temperature. Maximum forearm
circumference and forearm length-girth index (and upper arm
length-girth index in female) are negatively correlated with
mean annual temperature. Variation rule of upper limb
morphology is basically fit Allen's Rule. The larger thigh in
male makes the lower limbs larger as mean annual
temperature goes down. Lower limbs are stout a little.
Variation rule of lower limb in male is not fit Allen's Rule
obviously. The lengths and circumferences of lower limbs in
female are not obviously different as mean annual
temperature goes down, which is not consistent with Allen's
Rule.
F3871
Genetic polymorphisms of 12 X-STR loci in guangxi
maonan population
Lining ZhouˈYaochun QinˈJichun Gongˈ
Qiongying Deng
Department of AnatomyˈGuangxi Medical Universityˈ
Nanning 530021ˈP.R.China
To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 12 short tandem
repeat(STR) loci on the X chromosome of Maonan groups in
Guangxi Province. The 12 X-STR loci were amplified by
using AGCU X12 STR PCR amplification Kit, following
analyzed by 3130 genetic analyzer. The numbers of alleles in
the 12 X-STR loci were 4ǃ5ǃ10ǃ7ǃ9ǃ6ǃ5ǃ11ǃ3ǃ7ǃ
8 and 6 ˈ respectively. The genotype frequencies were in
accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 34
haplotypes were detected in DXS10159-DXS10162DXS10164 loci ˈ and 28 haplotypes were detected in
DXS101-DXS7424 loci. The haplotype diversity reached
0.9714 and 0.9228, respectively. The combined power of
discrimination was 0.9999995 in males and 0.99999999 in
females, and the combined mean exclusion chance was
0.999998 in the trio cases and 0.99986 in the duo cases. The
12 X-STR loci were highly polymorphic in Guangxi Maonan
population and it is powerful for individual identification,
paternity testing and population genetics.
F3890
A study on the physical characteristics of barags in
china
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
155
Yonglan Li, Junrui Zhang, Pengfei Li
College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia
Normal University, Hohhot 010022
Barags is a branch of Mongoloid ethnic groups in China. 86
items of physique indices of Barags adults (196 males and
204 females) were investigated in 2013. Results showed: In
Barags, the rate of eyelid folds was high, and the rate of
Mongolian folds was 40%; their nasion heights were medium,
ala nasi heights were medium and with lower bridge of the
nose. They showed straight nasal dorsum and prominent
zygomatic, and most of their lips were thin; hair was black;
eyes were brown; skin was yellow, and their chins lordosis
were obvious. The most obvious body features of Barags
were the big weights, the means of chest, abdomen, hip and
thigh circumferences were larger than all other groups of
Chinese. Their subcutaneous fat was thicker. The physical
characteristics of Barags were closest to Buriats and Tuvas.
The physical characteristics of Barags belong to a medium
type between the Baykal of the North Asian type of
Mongoloid and the Central Asian type, which contain the
European race’s features.
F3892
populations, Jianghuai dialect groups’ stature is the tallest.
Gan dialect groups’ stature was shorter. In urban Han
populations, the statures of Northeast China dialect groups
are of top shape. Gan dialect groups was shorter. In males,
Wu dialect groups and dialect groups in Northeast, North
China, Northwest, Jianghuai district and the Min dialect
groups in urban are with ultra-medium statures, others belong
to medium stature or sub-medium stature groups. Since half a
century, in rural males, rural females and urban males,
statures of south ethnic groups and central ethnic groups have
experienced a relatively greater increase compared with north
ethnic groups. In urban females, statures of north Han
Chinese have experienced a relatively greater increase
compared with south Han Chinese. Compared with European
males, speed of Chinese males’ statures increased closely to
theirs in recent 50 years.
F3954
The study on multiple linear regression equations of
percentage body fat in tibetan adolescents
Hua Zhong1ˈHailong Zhang2ˈHuanjiu Xi2ˈQiang
Fu 1
1
Department of Anatomy, Tibet University Medical College,
Lhasa 850000˗2Department of Anatomy, Liaoning Medical
University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
Physical anthropology study on Mosuo
Yonglan Li, Xiaolu Ni
86 items of physical indices of Mosuo (total: 386 including
179 males and 207 females) were investigated in Yunnan,
China in 2013. Results showed: The most remarkable
physical characteristics of Mosuo are they have higher stature.
Mosuo has higher frequency of eyefold of the upper eyelid
(69.4%) and lower percentage of mongoloid fold (21.0%).
The nasal root height is medium-type; the height of ala nasi is
medium-type; the nasal bridge is lower; most of lobe types
are round; upper lip skin height is middle. The nasal profile is
straight type; the zygomatic projection is not very prominent;
thicknesses of lips are filmy; and have brown eye color.
Mosou have the basic Mongoloid characteristics. Length,
breadth and height of head-face, stature and weight of female
Mosuo are obviously larger than Mongoloid South Asian
type ethnic groups, while nose breadth and lip height are
smaller than South Asian type ethnic groups. Mosuo are
Upper-middle Stature type. Overall physical characteristics of
Mosuo are belong to Mongoloid North Asian ethinc groups,
and mostly close to Mongolian ethnic groups in northern
China.
Since few studies reported on the evaluation of the
percentage body fat(%BF) of Tibetan adolescents by
Anthropometrical Measurements, this study is to establish
evaluational equations. 1,154 (male 532, female 622) 10-19
years old Lhasa-Tibetan adolescents were selected to measure
kinds of indicators manually. Combined with Bioelectrical
impedance analysis to get the percentage body fat, the
equations were established. Equations for the Male: %BF
10y-13y)= 19.119+0.536×weight(kg) +0.235 ×abdominal
skinfold(mm)-0.207×height(cm)
+0.267×
subscapular
skinfold (mm), %BF(14y-16y)=54.841+0.350× mid-axillary
skinfold(mm)-3.761×age(y)+ 0.273× weight, %BF (17y19y)=-17.553+0.351× weight(kg)+ 0.131× abdominal
skinfold (mm) +0.374× biceps skinfold (mm)+0.090 × waist
circumference(cm). Equations for the Female: %BF (10y13y)=14.195+0.520×weight(kg)-1.086 ×age(y) +0.193×
medial calf skinfold(mm)-0.184×chest circumference
(cm)+0.204×thigh
circumference
(cm)-0.196×
calf
circumference (cm)+0.066×waist circumference(cm), %BF
(14y-16y)=-47.740+0.576×weight(kg)+2.807×age(y), %BF
(17y-19y)==62.023+0.710×weight(kg)-0.452×
height(cm)
+0.074×subscapular skinfold(mm). The above equations
were verified to be reliable, which can be provided to study
Tibetan adolescents’percentage body fat.9
F3894
F4001
College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia
Normal University , Hohhot 010022
Body statures of chinese dialect group in china
Genetic polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in the
Tibetan group of Lhasa
Keli Yu, Lianbin Zheng, JIngyuan Tian, Xue Song,
Jingping Bao
Tao J.L.1 He S.1 Liu R.Z.1 Pei L.G. 1 Xi H.J.2
College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin
300387
1
Teaching and Research Section of Anatomy,Nanyang
Medical College,Nanyang 473061; 2Institute of Anthropology,
Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001,China
The statures of 26,952 adults of 11 Han ethnic groups were
measured in China. The results showed that: In rural Han
The
purpose
was
to
obtain
mtDNA
genetic
information,enrich the Tibetan group genetics data.Using
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PCR-RFLP technology analyzed mtDNA sites such as
663,9bp,13259,5176,
12406,4831,10394,9824,4715,3391,
5417 and 10310 of 186 Lhasa Tibetan.This study got 14
haplogroups of Tibetan group. The frequency of
D(17.4%),M9(10.5%),M(14.0%) and A(12.8%)are higher
than others.Tibetan and kazakhstan,Mongolian and uyghur
converged,at the same time converged with liaoning and
shandong han together. Guangdong han,yunnan han and
southern minority assembled together.Europe crowd
alone.The haplogroups of Tibetan belongs to Asian
population.The national characteristics of Tibetan are similar
with the northern origins minorities,minorities in
northwestern,it means the origin of Tibetan is diversity.The
reach of Haplogroups can improve the accuracy of forensic
individual identification.
F4003
Analysis of measuring methods of Hanˈs digit
ratio in HeNan
Tao J.L.1ˈ Pei L.G.1ˈ Liu R.Z.1ˈ He S.1ˈ Xi H.J.2
1
Teaching and Research Section of Anatomy,Nanyang
Medical College, Nanyang 473061; 2Institute of
Anthropology,Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001,
China
To discuss exact measuring methods of digit ratio by
comparative analysis.1245adluts of the Han nationality in
HeNan were selected randomly and their ratio of
second,third,forth and fifth finger length˄2D,3D,4D,5D˅
were measured respectively using vernier caliper˄Z˅and
X-ray(the length from midpoint of the proximal end of the
proximal phalanx to the top of distal phalanx(X1)and to the
fingertip (X2), then compared the differences of
methods.2D:4D of right hands have sexual difference using
three methods and the same phenomenon have been found in
left hands using Z;The sexual difference of 2D:4D and
2D:5D in both the left and the right hands have been found
using X1;The sexual difference of 2D:5D in right hands and
2D:4D in left hands have been found using X3.There exists
sexual differences in both the 2D:4D of right hands and the
2D:5D of left hands and the three methods can be applied to
the 2D:4D,2D:5D.
F4179
A paleoanthropologiacal study of human skeletons
from shimao city in Shenmu,Shaanxi.
Liang Chen1, Zhouyong Sun2, Jing Shao2
1
Heritage College of Northwest University 2Shaanxi
Provincial Institute of Arcaeology
In this article, the human skeletons unearthed from
Houyangwan site of Shimao city,in shenmu county,shaanxi
provincine. It counts 7 people,including of 2 men ,4 women
and an infant. The morphological features of crania show that
the racial type is closely related to the modern East Asiatic
Mongoloids.An analyses of limbs shows that the people have
platymeric type femurǃplatymeric type or mesocnemic type
tibia and stout humerus.It hints that Shimao people were
engaged in heavy labor,such as porters.The ancient pathology
reveals there have no dental caries in Shimao people.It means
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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the diet of Shimao people had low proportion of
plant.Ayoung woman suffered from Spondylolys,the reason
was probably cause aslo by the heavy labor.
F4218
Physical characteristics of the han ethnic groups of
northern China dialect
Wenhui Li, Huanjiu Xi, Fu Ren, Hong Zhao, Chengzhi
Li, XiaWang
The Biological Anthropology Institute of Liaoning Medical
University
To investigate the physical characteristic of the Han ethnic
groups of Northern China dialect. 4399 adults (2185 males,
2214 females) were investigated in the province of Liaoning,
Hebei and Shanxi. 58 measured, stature and 39 indices were
assessed. Compared with other groups in China, the physical
characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Northern China
dialect were preliminarily analyzed. According to the average
of body index, the males and females were long trunk,
hyperbrachyskelic type, broad distance between iliac crests,
medium shoulder breadth (the next were broad shoulder
breadth). The females were broad chest circumference, and
males were medium chest circumference. The typical
physical characteristics were high-sized stature, ultra
intermediate were next. The circumference and skinfold
thickness of urban males were larger than rural males. The
results of cluster analysis show that the physical
characteristics of the Han ethnic groups of Northern China
dialect were similar with those of Russ, Tuvas, the Han
ethnic groups of Jianghuai dialect and Chuzhou in Anhui.
F4221
The head facial features of the Han ethnic groups of
Northern China dialect
Wenhui Li, Huanjiu Xi, Youfeng Wen, Yang yang
The Biological Anthropology Institute of Liaoning Medical
University
To study the head facial features of the Han ethnic groups of
Northern China dialect. 4399 adults (2185 males, 2214
females) were investigated in the province of Liaoning, Hebei
and Shanxi. They had the high percent of eyefold of upper
eyelid and the low percent of mongoloid fold. The opening
height of eyeslits was medium, and a half of the subjects had
the eyeslit at a horizontal level. The middle type of nasal root
height , zygomatic projection and facial horizontal plane was
more. The nasal base was level. The maximal diameter of
nostrils was oblique position. The highest rate of skin color
was yellow, hair color was black and eye color was blackbrown. According to the average index of head and face, the
males and females were hyperbrachycephaly type,
hypsicephalic type, acrocephalic type, mesorrhiny type and
hyperleptoprosopy type. The head facial features of the Han
ethnic groups of Northern China dialect receive the joint
influences of the ethnic groups of the South Asian type and
the North Asian type.
F4223
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157
Craniofacial asymmetry study on young male Han
nationality in Liaoning province based on Euclidean
Distance Matrix Analysis
Lian Du1, Haitang Qiu1, Haixia Liu1, Yixiao Fu1, Tian
Qiu1, Hua Hu1, Huaqing Meng1, Yong Tang2*,
Qinghua Luo1*
Bo Zhu, Fu Ren, Shuang Qi, Qingyun Ma, Chengzhi Li,
Hong Zhao
Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dept. of
Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, P.
R. China
Institute of Biological Anthropology, Liaoning Medical
University, JinZhou 121000ˈChina
To study craniofacial asymmetry on young male Han
nationality in Liaoning province using Euclidean Distance
Matrix Analysis(EDMA), and to provide basic data for facial
recognition and craniofacial approximation. VG Studio 2.2
MAX software was used for collecting 3D coordinates of 104
young male Han nationality whose native place was in
Liaoning province. Afterwards, we compared the left side of
face with the right side of face by using EDMA method.
EDMA results showed that there was significant form
difference between the left side of face and right side of face.
Analysis also showed that there were 234(89%) FDM ratios
in 0.95̚1.05, 30(11%) ratios were outside the range. Our
study showed that the face of young male Han nationality in
Liaoning province was asymmetric, and the ratio is 11%.
Besides, the results also showed that the left side of face was
most commonly dominant for asymmetry.
Multiple regression analysis of linear and angular
measurements in the craniofacial regions of Chinese
people based on MRI
You Shi, Peiling Cai, Wenjie Guo
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Nursing,
Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036
Chengzhi Li, Fu Ren
Institute of Biological Anthropology, Liaoning Medical
University, Jinzhou 121001,China
The purpose of this study was to get the mean values of the
cephalometric variables ,and to analyze the effects of gender,
age, and body parameters, such as height and weight on the
linear and angular measurements in the craniofacial regions
of Chinese people. All the subjects underwent threedimensional MR scan,and then the MRI data of 250
individuals (86 males, 164 females) were imported into VG
Studio MAX 2.2 software.Each linear and angular
measurement in the craniofacial regions was performed on
the VG Studio MAX 2.2 software directly.The mean values
of Gn—V, Tr—Op, G—S—Prn, S—Prn—Gn, for men were
246.62±5.66 ΀ , 178.07±7.94 ΀ , 130.36±8.13º,
117.92±5.49º ,and for women were 234.41±7.14
΀ ,170.52±7.24 ΀ ,137.61±7.37º,120.32±5.97º. Each result
showed distinct difference between male and female (all
P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that most of
the craniofacial measurements of Chinese people were
significantly correlated with height,weight,or age.The
multiple regression equations constructed can be used for
anthropometric analysis and forensic inference.
Changes of cognitive performance and amplitude of
low-frequency fluctuation after a single
electroconvulsive treatment of major depressive
disorder
F4269
Study on growth development of Han nationality
people through measuring the lips
F4224
F4245
Amplitude of low-frequency Àuctuations (ALFF) has been
shown to reÀect cerebral spontaneous neural activity, and the
effect of a single modified electric convulsive therapy
(MECT) on cognitive function and underlying mechanism in
major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear. The present
study was designed to explore how a single MECT affects
cognitive function with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)
and cerebral function with ALFF. We recruited 13 firstepisode, treatment-naive patients. We found improved
cognitive performance and decreased ALFF in right
cerebellum, right frontal lobe, and left cingulate gyrus after
MECT. Reduced total numbers of errors were positively
correlated with the ALFF of the right Frontal Lobe before
MECT. Our results suggested that the three areas above
might play a critical role on MECT in MDD, and the ALFF
in right frontal lobe might be a potential predictor for the
variation of cognitive function after MECT.
In order to explore the influence of gender and age in lip
development, we measured 10 lip indicators of 4,308 Han
Nationality individuals with the age from 2 to 25 years old.
The results showed that all 10 indicators of the lips had no
significant differences between male and female under 12
years old. Seven indicators including height of lip and 3
indicators including red lip began to appear significant
gender differences with higher values in male group than
female, since 13 year-old and 18 year-old, respectively. The
growth curves of 6 indicators including height of lip rose
slowly with the ages increasing, and also there were no
obvious changes among different age groups. No significant
peak of growth and development was observed, either.
Meanwhile, growth curves of 4 indicators including height of
lower lip increased rapidly and there were 1 or 2 peak of
growth and development.
F4270
Study on growth development of han nationality
people through measuring the ears
You Shi, Wenjie Guo, Peiling Cai
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Nursing,
Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036
In order to explore the influence of gender and age in ear
development, we measured 4 ear indicators of 4,308 Han
Nationality individuals with the age from 2 to 25 years old
and analyzed correlation of development through comparing
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with the width and height of face. Data showed that ear width,
ear temporal horn I and II of male were significant longer
than that of female since 5 years old, and ear length of male
was significant longer than female since 9 year-old. 4 growth
curves about development of ear rose faster before 7 years
old, which were positively correlated with the development
of facial width and height that means development of ear
consistent with that of face. However, growth curves of ear
increased slowly after 8 year-old, development of ear did not
keep the same steps with facial growth but lag behind.
F4387
Advances in research on the role of MRI in the
occlusal reconstruction
Qingyun Ma, Fu Ren, Xin Li, Chengzhi Li, Bo Zhu,
Shuang Qi
The Biological Anthropology Institute of Liaoning Medical
University
Occlusal rehabilitation by changing the patients with longstanding low bite and the original bite state, is able to rebuild
both a new occlusion and jew relationship and plays a crucial
role in restoring occlusal function and improving facial form
accordingly. Present methods of occlusal reconstruction
includes physiological and morphological mode. In recent
years, X-cephalometry which is a measurement between
fixed points on the plane has been applied to clinical and
formates a further quantitative index with the development of
imaging.
However,
X-cephalometric
radiography
measurement is built on an image base of two-dimensional
plane, while the maxillofacial is a complex three-dimensional
structure and as a result there are many disadvantages of
deformation, amplified, overlapping. With the application of
MRI and three dimensional reconstructions technology, the
teeth and maxillofacial three-dimensional imaging and
measurement have become possible, and, at the same time the
relevant parameter measurement is more accurate and
convenient.
F4389
Liaoning Han adults in urban and rural skinfold
thickness variation
year groups of females between urban and rural areas. 1.
Between men and women 12 body circumference and six
items of skinfold thickness Correlation analysis shows that
men and women each part of the circumference and fat
Simultaneous development of basic.2. Body fat females
higher than males.3. Liaoning Han skinfold thicknesses
closer with Liaoning Manchu, large different with Caucasoid
and Negroid.
F4396
Detection study on obsolete bone of human by
amplified DNA kit and modified phenol chloroform extraction
Nuan Liu1, Guochang Xu1, Kai Xu2
1
Institute of Anthropology, Nanyang Institute of Technology;
The People's Prosecution Court of the Henan Province.
2
To explore the detection effect on obsolete bone of human by
amplified DNA kit and modified phenol - chloroform
extraction. DNA of 30 adult bones was detected by
traditional or modified phenol - chloroform method,
fluorescently marked and multiplex amplificated by kits of
Identifiler-plus, Minifiler and GodeneyeTM 20A. DNA
content was detected by ND-1000 spectrophotometer, and
genetic loci were detected and analyzed by special analyzer
software. The average DNA content of human obsolete bone
was 33.6±1.9 ng/ȝl by modified phenol - chloroform
extraction, which was 10.2±1.6 ng/ȝl higher than traditional
phenol - chloroform extraction. And 469, 262, 588 genetic
locus were detected, while the latter were 307, 175, 436.
DNA detection on obsolete bone of human by amplified
DNA kit and modified phenol - chloroform extraction is
effective.
F4397
Study on trace DNA detection of human obsolete
bone by miniSTR typing techniques and modified
phenol - chloroform extraction
Guochang Xu1, Yue Zhang2, Nuan Liu1
1
Institute of anthropology, Nanyang Institute of Technology˗
Chongqing Public Security Bureau.
2
Hong Zhao, Jing Zhou, Wenhui Li, Huanjiu Xi
Institute of Biological anthropologyˈLiaoning Medical
CollegeˈJinzhou 121000ˈChina
To study the thickness of Han adults in Liaoning. A random
sampling method was used to study six items of the skinfold
thicknesses of the facial,biceps,triceps,subscapulac,suprailiac
and calf on 1458 Han adults in Liaoning. Analysis of
characteristics of its change with age, and urban and rural
areas. 1. In the 20~ year group urban and rural areas six items
of the skinfold thickness upward trend.With the age increased,
six items of the skinfold thicknesses of males were downward
trend, skinfold thicknesses of triceps and calf in females were
upward trend.2.There was an extremely difference in the
skinfold thickness of the facial,biceps,subscapular,suprailiac
in the 60~ year group of males between urban and rural
areas.3. There was an extremely difference in the skinfold
thickness of the biceps,subscapular in the 40~ǃ50~ǃ60~
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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To establish five loci multiplex amplification miniSTR
system, and to improve forensic detection performance of the
obsolete bone samples with the STR loci. The new five STR
loci(D3S3053, D18S853, D12ATA63, D6S474, D9S1122)
primers were designed and marked by FAM, TAMRA, TET,
amplified by PCR and the fragment length analysized by the
ABI3100xL genetic analyzer. 84 Henan Han blood samples
of unrelated individuals, and 30 cases of obsolete bone
samples were collected for testing. 5 loci were effectively
amplified, the 5 miniSTR recognition rate(DP) of individual
loci in the Han population of Henan was 0.8768~0.9623, the
heterozygosity (H) was 0.7454~0.8934, and the
polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.7145~0.8214.
The total 5 miniSTR loci DP was 0.999 996 72. The detection
rate of remaining genetic locus of the 30 obsolete bones was
84.80% by Identifiler kit, and 60.25% by miniSTR method.
The five miniSTR loci in Henan Han population is easily
recognited as a individual identification and paternity testing,
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
159
which provides a new detection on DNA samples typing of
obsolete bones.
F4400
Body composition analysis of schoolchildren of Hui
nationality in Nanyang city
Guochang Xu1, Qing Wang2, Rongzhi Liu
1
Institute of anthropology, Nanyang Institute of Technology˗
Nanyang Medical College.
2
To Detect body composition of Hui schoolchildren in
Nanyang city, and to explore the characteristics of body
composition changes in the Hui population with ages. The
human body composition was detected by the body
composition analyzer of 1262 samples (641 males, 621
females) of Hui nationality in Nanyang city, and differences
of age, sex, urban and rural were analysed by cluster analysis
and principal component analysis. Weight and lean body
mass of Hui boys of primary and secondary school in
Nanyang city are highly correlated, while the female body
weight are highly correlated with the lean body mass and fat
mass. The schoolchildren of Hui nationality in Nanyang city
have the unique characteristics of body composition in the
Central Plains region. And the gender differences and urban
and rural differences changes with ages.
F4409
Youfeng Wen, Yang Yang
Institute of Biological Anthropology, Liaoning Medical
University in China
To investigate the Han nationality adults’ somatotype and
compare the differences between urban and rural in the north
of China. Method: According the Heath-Carter method, 10
items of the somatotype were measured and the somatotypes
were analyzed . In male ,the majoritysomatotype in Gansu
and Hebei province is the endomorphic mesomorphy is ; in
Henan and Shan'xi province is the mesomorphic endomorphy;
in Liaoning urban area is the endomorphic mesomorphy ;
however, in Liaoning rural province is the mesomorphic
endomorphy. In female, the somatotype in the five provinces
belong to mesomorphic endomorphy. Somatotype
discrepancies have emerged in three sub-dialect areas of
China dialect regions of northern China. But there also is
certain genetic relationship in Han population of different
areas.
Correlation study between fat content and blood
lipid of menopausal and non-menopausal women in
Molao ethnic group of Guangxi
Hongrong Yu1, Qiongying Deng1, Lining Zhou1,
Xianyong Jiang1, Jichun Gong1, Jiangu Gong1
1
Department of anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning 530021, China
F4485
Comparison of sitting height, chest circumference
and leg length of children and adolescents at
Qinghai-Tibet altitude with andes
Huanjiu Xi1, Zhao Chen2, Wenhui Li1 , Youfeng Wen1,
Hailong Zhang1, Yanjie Xiao1, Suwei Liu1, Linguo Pei3,
Meizhi Zhang1, Po Lv1, Fu Ren1, Keqiang Huang4,
Liping Ye1, Chunshan Li4
1Institute of Anthropology in Liaoning Medical University,
Jinzhou Liaoning 121001; 2Mel and Enid Zuckerman College
of Public Health, University of Arizona ,Tucson USA 857245211; 3Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical
University, Jinzhou Liaoning 121001
The study of Han nationality adults’ somatotype in
the north of china
F4449
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between fat
content and blood lipid of menopausal and non-menopausal
women in Molao ethnic group of Guangxi. With informed
consent, 100 menopausal and 100 non-menopausal women
were randomly selected to measure the fat content and the 18
corresponding indexes of fat by BIA. And blood samples
were drawn for measurement of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C.
The Results show that visceral fat level, visceral fat area,
waist hip ratio, fat content of lower limb, TC, TG, LDL-C of
non-menopausal women are less than those of menopausal
˄P<0.01˅.The correlation analysis shows that TC were
positive correlation with visceral fat content and waist hip
ratio. With fat content, body fat rate, waist hip ratio, visceral
fat content and subcutaneous fat, TG was positive correlation
˄ P<0.05 ˅ and HDL-C was negative correlation
˄P<0.01˅.And it indicates that the blood lipid level and fat
content is closely related.
The objectiveofthis study was to compare height ,sitting
height , chest circumference of leg length ofchildren and
adolescents at Tibetan Plateau with those at Andes in order to
explore patterns and characteristics of growth and
development ,to identify the differences in growth and
development of children and adolescences between regions
ultimately, findings from this study may be used to help
improve health of residents and promote the growth and
development of children and adolescents and to provide
theoretical framework for high altitude medicine and
anthropology. A total of 2813 healthy children and
adolescents (men,1606 ;women,1207) aged 6-19 years old
were recruited with informed consent .To be eligible for this
study, participants had to be the ones who have lived and
grown up in Tibet and both their paternal and maternal side
of the family had to be Tibetan(for at least the past 3
generations). Their stature, chest circumference and leg
length were measured. The comparison data on growth and
development of children and adolescents in India, Peru,
Bolivia , and Chile and like were abstracted from published
studies .Papers with incomplete data, small sample size or
outdated formation were not included in this study. Statistical
analysis was done using SPSS13.0.The results have
suggested that that children and adolescents from Tibetan
plateau was taller than those from Andes. Weight of children
and adolescents in two regions were close.In addition, chest
and circumference was smaller in those at Tibetan Altitude
than those at Andes .It is concluded that the growth and
development of children and adolescents at high land
followed similar patterns but also showed specific
characteristics ,such as growth delay, lower growth level,
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160
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large chest dimensions .The growth and development levels
of children and adolescents were better in Tibetan than in
Andes .Those different physical features may result from
multifactors such as hypoxia ,heredity, socioecological levels
etc.
F4509
Nutritional status of Miao nationality primary and
middle school students in Guangxi
Lin Xu, Jichun Gong, Songfeng Li, Lining Zhou,
Qiongying Deng, Jiehua Chen, Zhengquan Zhou
Department of Anatomy Guangxi Medical Universityˈ
Nanning Guangxi, P.R China
To understand the nutrition status of Miao nationality
students in Guamgxi and to provide evidence for preventive
measures ˊ By using stratified random sampling method
2003 Miao nationality primary and middle school students
were selected. The body height and weight were measured by
anthropological method and their nutritional status were
appraised by weight-for-height standard recommended of
Chinese students aged 7-22 years old ˊ The incidence of
overweight, obesity and malnutrition was 4.44ˁ, 1.15ˁ and
118.37ˁ. The incidence of malnutrition of female was much
higher than that of maleˈbut the differences in the incidence
of obesity in male and female students was not statistically
significant. This study shows that malnutrition coexisted with
overnutrition(overweight or obesity)among Miao nationality
students in Guamgxi. The results from this study suggest that
the preventive measures of malnutrition should be focused on
girlsˈand the overnutrition should be paid more attentionˊ
F4557
The ethnic differences and correlation of body
composition and bone mineral density:
Comparative analysis of four minorities in GuangXi
Dan Mo, Feifei Huang, Qiongying Deng
Department of Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning 530021, China
yingzideng@sina.com)
The aim of this study is to investigate the ethnic differences
and correlation in pre- and post-menopausal women’s body
composition(BC) and bone mineral density(BMD) of four
minorities in GuangXi. 860 Mulao, Maonan, Miao and Yao
women’s BC were measured by TANITA-MC180(Japan) and
BMD were tested by SONOT3000(Korea),respectively. The
age, visceral fat area(VFA) and waist-to-hip ratio of the
postmenopausal women were greater than premenopausal
women within the same nationality(p<0.05).After adjusting
age, the BMI, FM, %BF, trunk- fat mass, VFA, visceral and
subcutaneous fat contents of Miao women were larger than
the other groups (P<0.05); The detection rate of osteoporosis
in Yao was lower than that of the other minorities and in
postmenopausal women was obviously higher than that of
premenopausal women(P<0.05); the age, menopausal status
and FFM were significantly related to BMD(p<0.01). The
differences and correlation between BC and BMD in four
minorities’ women were expounded, which can provide
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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information for diagnosing osteoporosis. This work was
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China, Grant No. 31160222˅
F4558
The association of body composition and blood
lipids in Mulao, Maonan, Yao and Miao women
Feifei Huang, Dan Mo, Qiongying Deng
Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning 530021, China.
* yingzideng@sina.com
To investigate the association of body composition and blood
lipids between pre-and post-menopausal women in the same
and different ethnic groups. Body compositions of 862 Mulao,
Maonan, Yao, and Miao pre-and post-menopausal women
were quantitatively measured by bioelectrical impedance
analysis. TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were tested from blood
sampling. Age, visceral fat area (VFA), waist-to-hip
ratio(WHR), TC, TG of the postmenopausal women were
greater than that of the premenopausal women within the
same nationality. After age-adjusted analysis of covariance,
FM, BMI, %BF, VFA and etc. of Miao women were higher
than other groups. The highest TC and dyslipidemia detection
rate appeared in Yao postmenopausal (P<0.05) women and
the lowest LDL-C in Yao premenopausal (P<0.05) women.
The correlation results indicated that menopausal status,
nationality, WHR and trunk-fat mass were significant factors
for blood lipids (P<0.001). The results expounded the
association between body composition and blood lipids in
four minorities’ women, which can provide a scientific basis
for preventive care. ˄ This work was supported by the
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.
31160222¬˅
F4577
The risk factors for dyslipidemia in Miao adult
women of Guangxi, China
Qiongying Deng, Hongrong Yu, Lin Xu, Jichun Gong,
Lining Zhou, Xianyong Jiang
Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University,
Nanning 530021, China.
*yingzideng@sina.com
To investigate the risk factors for dyslipidemia in Miao adult
women of Guangxi, which can provide evidences for making
preventive healthcare measures. Blood lipids of 244 Miao
adult women were tested, and body compositions were
measured as well as questionnaire survey were carried. And
then according to the blood lipids level, the research objects
were divided into dyslipidemia group and non-dyslipidemia
group. Comparing with dyslipidemia group, the age, fat mass,
protein, BF%, BMI, WHR, VFA, menopause status,
menopausal years and the number of children in nondyslipidemia group were significantly lower.
F4606
Investigation on body composition of adults in
dalian area
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
161
Fei Xu, Yan Li, Wenchao Luo
Institute of Biological AnthropologyˈLiaoning Medical
CollegeˈJinzhou 121000ˈChina
Anatomy Department of Dalian Medical Univercity, Dalian
116044, China
Totally 1059(Male were 412 aged 18-77, female were 647
aged 19-80) of healthy Han nationality adults in Dalian area.
Body composition was examined with BIA. Instrument were
TANITA corporation MC-180 type. The mean and standard
deviation: Total group male and female height were 174.0f
6.2cm and 162.2f5.6cm, weight were 77.6f12.9Kg and
60.5f9.1Kg, BMI were 25.6f3.7 and 23.0f3.3, body fat
mass were 18.7f7.2Kg and 19.5f6.5Kg, body fat rate were
23.3 f 5.7% and 31.5 f 6.0%, fat free mass were 58.9 f
6.8Kg and 41.0f3.6Kg, muscle mass were 55.9f6.5Kg and
38.5f3.3Kg, bone mass were 3.1f0.3Kg and 2.4f0.3Kg,
total body water were 39.6f5.3Kg and 29.3f3.3Kg, percent
body water were 51.6f5.3% and 48.8f3.3%, intracellular
water were 23.8 f 3.9Kg and 17.2 f 1.9Kg, extracellular
water were 15.7f1.6Kg and 12.1f1.6Kg, the extracellular
water rate were 39.9f2.3% and 41.3f2.1%, visceral fat
rating were 11.4f4.2 and 5.5f3.1, basal metabolic rate
were 1662.5f221.8kcal and 228.5 +120.7kcal.
F4611
Investigation on Body Composition Among
Children and Adolescents in Dalian
Fei Xu, Yan Li, Yang Liu
Anatomy Department of Dalian Medical Univercity, Dalian
116044, China
Four classes from two of primary and secondary schools and
one high school in Dalian were sampled, and 2027students
aged from 6-18 years were systematically collected. The
height and weight were tested, and body composition was
examined with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Weight and body composition were measured by a MC-180
type body composition measurement instrument made in
Japan. Our research indicates that height, weight, body fat
percent(PBF), fat mass(FM), lean body mass(FFM), muscles,
bone mass, BMI and basal metabolism rate of the students
increase from 6-18 years in Dalian, and the growth curves of
boys and girls appear rising tendency, however the
percentage of total body water decrease. The growth curves
of PBF, FM and the percentage of total body water had two
crosses, and crossover occurred around the age of 11. The
growth curve of FFM muscles and basal metabolism rate
shows a trend of parallel development at the age of 6 to 11,
and bones growth curve was a overlapping curve between 6
and 12 years. The above data indicates an significant
difference in growth trend after the age of 11-12 which
reflect the growth and development characteristics of children
and adolescents during their educational time.
F4623
Circumference characteristics of Liaoning Han
nationality adults
Hong Zhao, Huanjiu Xi, Jing Zhou, Wenhui Li, Bo
Zhu
To investigate the circumference characteristics of Liaoning
Han nationality adults. 12 girth items of 1458 adults of
Liaoning Han nationality (480 urban adults, 978 rural adults),
including head circumference, neck circumference, chest
circumference, chest circumference at inspiration, chest
circumference at expiration, abdominal circumference, hip
circumference, thigh circumference, calf circumference,
biceps circumference, forearm circumference, biceps contract
circumference were measured with Stratified cluster
sampling methods and compared with the other ethnic
groups in China. The circumference characteristics of
Liaoning Han nationality adults were analyzed. Liaoning
Han nationality adult was in a state of growth in the 20-years
old group of various body circumference values. The 30years old group maximum circumference of the head and
limb circumference values decreased. The value of girth of
neck and girth of chest was in an upward trend. The value of
abdominal circumference and hip circumference was in a
downward trend. The differences between urban and rural
areas, in 60 years old group were of great significance. Shape
analysis results: male stout men squat type was 60%, the city
or the country 51%, urban women dumpy 46.6%, and rural
women dumpy type 46.3%.The circumference values in the
20-year group were significantly different from those of the
other age groups.Clustering analysis showed that, compared
with other ethnic groups in China, the value of Liaoning
Han adult was close to that of the northern ethnic groups.
There exists the surrounded degree value of Liaoning Han
nationality adults aged 60 years difference between urban and
rural areas. The type size is stout in the majority, and the
circumference degree value is closer to the north.
IFAA2014-7-001
Topography and anatomy of the pancreas in case of
chronic pancreatitis.
Danir Kim1, Sergei V. Chemezov2, Natalia V.
Zarishnyak1, Rustem E. Abubakirov1
1
Department of Normal and topographical anatomy
operative surgery,West Kazakhstan State Medical
University,Aktobe,Kazakhstan; 2Department of Surgery and
Clinical Anatomy,State Medical Academy,Orenburg,Russia
*sonbae@mail.ru
Etiological factors don't completely explain explain the
progression of different forms of chronic pancreatitis. The
detection of this disease among patients suffering from
alcoholism is possible only in 10 percent of cases. We
assume that topography and anatomy of the pancreas matters
in its occurence. Materials and methods. The study was
conducted in JSC "Clinical and Diagnostic Center" in Aktobe.
Were explored abdominal tomography of two groups of
patients: a control group with no apparent pathology (n = 29
age 26 to 74 ears) and the experimental group with chronic
pancreatitis in remission without complications with disease
duration from 1 to 5 years (n = 30, age 33 to 76 years;
secondary cholangiogenic - 66.6% alcoholic - 6,7%,
idiopathic - 26.7%). We performed analyses of contours,
structure, density, topography, and the anatomy of cancer.
The results of the study. In both groups the contours of the
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
structure, density, and topography of cancer did not differ
from each other and from standard rates. In the experimental
group the pancreas was S and U-shaped (90%), in the control
group - straight and hook-shaped (73.3%). The results of the
experimental group showed an increase in the length of the
pancreas and decrease in the angle between the head and the
body for 1.3 times in comparison with control. Conclusion. A
form, an increase in length and decrease in the angle between
head and body can contribute to the stagnation of gastric fluid
and become a contributory factor of the development of
chronic pancreatitis.
IFAA2014-7-002
Functional eyeball biometrics of medical university
students in Aktobe
Arsen N. Kaliyev, Sergei V1, Chemezov1, Natalia V.
Zarishnyak2, Natalia Y. Zakelova1, Bagdat A.
Djubaeva1
1
Department of Normal and topographical anatomy
operative surgery,West Kazakhstan State Medical
University,Aktobe,Kazakhstan; 2Department of Surgery and
Clinical Anatomy,State Medical Academy,Orenburg,Russia
*Arsen_19-93@mail.ru
Studying at the university is a strong challence for the health
of young people. Vision is particularly exposed to heavy
loads, what increases the risk of developing serious diseases.
Materials and methods. We conducted a sample survey
among students of the Faculty of "General Medicine" in the
medical university: 1st year studens: n = 58, 3rd year
students: n = 44, which accounted for 10% of the total
number of students in this faculty and course. Visometry was
conducted according to the table Sivtsev table. Among
patients with reduced visual acuity the ultrasound study of the
eyeball was performed: measuring the anterior-posterior axis
transverse diameter, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness
(A-mode), lens structure, vitreous humor, retina, optic nerve
(B-mode). The eyeball shape was determined according to
the relative value of the anterior-posterior axis to the
transverse diameter. The results of the study. Among the 3rd
year students there were detected more cases of the low
visual aquity (25%, n=11) than among the 1st year students
(8%, n=5). Four students of the first course had a steady
myopia with increase in the anterior-posterior axis by 0,94 ±
0,07 mm. Seven students of the third course the length of the
anterior-posterior axis was increased by 1,33 ± 0,48 mm.
Four students of the third course had peripheral frosted
destruction of the retina and in one case - the protruding of
the optic nerve. Conclusion. Fundamental violation of visual
acuity of medical university students is the development of
myopia, which is initially false - 1 course and then the real- 3
course.
IFAA2014-7-003
Features of development of the fetus according to
ultrasonic screening of photometry of pregnant
woman urgency.
Antonina A. Starodumova1, Natalia V.
Zarishnyak1, Assel M. Kuchshanova2, Bagdat A.
Djubaeva1, Sergey V. Chemezov3
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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1
Department of normal and topographic anatomy with the
couse of operational surgery, West Kazakstan Marat
Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakstan;
2
Department of diagnostic, Clinic "Ajgerim", Aktobe,
Kazakstan; 3Department of operational surgery and clinic
anatomy, Orenburg Medical Academy, Orenburg, Russian
Federation.
*starviktorya@mail.ru
Ultrasound study allows to reveal the morphological features
of the development of the fetus and placenta thickness plays
an important role in forecasting the course of pregnancy. The
analysis of 1200 protocols of ultrasound women with normal
pregnancy took place (SCE “Oblast perinatal center”) in the
I, II, III trimesters separated by age groups: I group – in age
from 18 till 30 years (primipara, B – secundpara), II group –
at the age of 31 years and older (A, B). The fetus were
studied – crown-parietal size (CTD), biparietal diameter of
head (BDH), front-occipital diameter (FOD), femus length,
heart rate. As control parameters size of the fetus were used,
presented in the standart tables of Strizhakova A.N. and co.,
1990. The obtained data were processed using the statistical
program Statistica 10 (USA, 2011). Results of the analysis.
IN IA group in the second trimester revealed reverse weak
dependence (Rs=-0,3, P<0.05) between biparietal and frontooccipital the size of the head, this dependence became central
in the IIA group (Rs=-0.8; P<0.5). In the II A and B group in
the third trimester biparietal size of the head in 1.3 times
revealed fewer in comparison with I group. Inverse relation is
established (Rs=-0.8; P<0,05) between size of fetus head and
femur length in PA group in second trimester. In all groups
during second and third trimesters the case of tachycardia is
identified in 13.7% (170 heart stubs in a minute).
Dolichocephalic from of the fetus head is formed during
pregnancy, not during child birth. Identified tachycardia
IFAA2014-7-004
SHape variation of suprascapular notch in south
african scapulae
David A Ofusori1,2, Onyemaechi O Azu2, Edwin C
Naidu2, Jesse S Naidu2, Omobola A Komolafe 1
1
Optics and Imaging Centre, School of Laboratory Medicine
& Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
South Africa; 2Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R
Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Durban, South Africa.
*ofusori@ukzn.ac.za
To classify the suprascapular notch in South African scapulae
based on the shapes on gross examination. 172 dry scapulae
from the Discipline of Clinical Anatomy, Nelson R Mandela
School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal were
examined for possible variation in the shape of the
suprascapular notch. Four types of suprascapular notches
were described. 23 out of 172 had no notch, 50 had “V”
shape, 4 had “C” shape, 93 had “U” shape and 2 had “O”
shape. This study demonstrates a variation in the
suprascapular notch in the South African scapulae. This
variation in shape may be contributory factors in the etiology
of suprascapular nerve entrapment.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
163
assess the reproductivity. Precision is expressed as the root
mean squared standard deviations of the individual specimens
(RMS-SD) and the corresponding coefficient of variation
(RMS-CV). The 3D cartilages models were reconstructed
with fine morphologies. The RMS-CV of the volume of
femoral, tibial and patellar cartilages were 1.43% for time
point 1 (t=1) and 1.28% for time point 2 (t=2), 2.32% (t=1)
and 2.35% (t=2), 1.88% (t=1) and 1.75% (t=2) respectively.
The result indicates that the registration-based semiautomatic segmentation is convenient and precise to
reconstruct subject-specific 3D models of articular cartilages
of the knee joint, which might be worthy of further research.
IFAA2014-7-005
Digital production of anatomical casts using 3D
reconstruction, rapid prototyping and mold
technologies
Xiangxue Kong1, Lanying Nie2, Lei Tang1, ujiao
XiaoJ1, Fuyu You1, Jianyi Li1
1
Department of anatomy, Guangdong Province Key
Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic
Medicine Science, Southern Medicine University,
Guangzhou, China; 2Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of
Traumatic Orthopedics, Nan fang Hospital, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
*wuxili74@126.com
IFAA2014-7-007
Integrating geometric-morphometric analysis in
human long bones studies
Anatomical corrosion casts of human specimens have the
advantages of rich appearance and clarity of the duct
structures. However, their use is limited due to ethical
concerns with obtaining specimens, and the inability to
produce unlimited perfect replicas. In the study, a new
strategy was explored to overcome these limitations through
three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, rapid prototype
production, mold technology and Web-based 3D atlas
construction. A lung corrosion cast and a fresh human
cadaveric liver were CT-scanned. After image processing, 3D
models of the lung cast, hepatic cast and its parenchyma were
reconstructed. Shell molds of hepatic parenchyma were
designed. The 3D models were then uploaded into a 3D
printer to physically duplicate the models. Melted transparent
jelly wax was poured into assembled parenchyma shell
molds. After wax solidification, the shell molds were
removed leaving RP casts. The physical models were CTscanned again for accuracy evaluations. It was found that the
absolute deviation values of the ducts were 0.60 ± 0.50 mm
and the absolute deviation values of hepatic parenchyma
were 2.54 ± 2.25 mm.
IFAA2014-7-006
Registration-based semi-automatic segmentation of
articular cartilage of knee joint complementing
MRI with CT data
Lanying Nie1, XiangXue Kong2, Lei Tang2, Jujiao
Xiao2, Jianyi Li2
1
Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
2
Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Science,
Southern Medical University.
*wuxili74@126.com
Hila May, Frank J Ruhli
Center for Evolutionary Medicine (ZEM), Department of
Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich
*hilamay@gmail.com
Long bones morphology contains significant information on
past and present human habitual activities. To reach the
information concealed in the bones, a variety of
methodologies focusing mainly on the bones’ cross-sectional
properties are used. Geometric morphometric (GM) based on
landmarks, curve and surface semi-landmarks preserves the
geometry of the landmark configurations and thus permits to
represent the objects' shape independently from its size,
position and orientation. This method was vastly applied in
cranium analysis. The aim of the current study was to
establish a reliable protocol for characterizing the shape of
the proximal femur. A 3D model of the surface of the
proximal femora was reconstructed (Amira 5.4) from clinical
CT-scans of three bones. A new GM protocol (Evan Toolbox
1.63) for the proximal femur was designed based on
anatomical landmarks (N=10) and anatomical curves (N=6).
Then, curve and surface semi-landmarks were placed (N=109
and N=233, respectively). Reliability analysis was carried out
by performing PCA for the landmarks of the three femora
(three times). The protocol was found to be significantly
reliable as the distances between individuals were greater
than the distances within the same individual. The
implications of this method are of great importance for
forensic and anthropological studies (e.g., sex and age
identification, reconstruction of physical activity). Moreover,
the ability to quantify the proximal femoral 3-dimensional
shape may have important clinical implications (designing
prostheses for femoral neck fracture, ect.).
IFAA2014-7-011
The aim of this study is to develop a registration-based semiautomatic segmentation strategy to reconstruct the articular
cartilages of knee joint complementing MRI with CT data.
Series of CT and MRI data were obtained from 6 fresh
cadaveric knee joints. The complex models “bone+cartilage”
were reconstructed in MR data. After aligning coordination
system with surface registration, the “bone+cartilage” models
were introduced to CT data. With its tools of “calculatemask-from-object”, “Boolean-subtraction”, cartilages were
segmented, 3D reconstructed and subsequently calculated
their volumes. Each specimen was 3D reconstructed for 4
times by two observers in two time points independently to
Varying features of indonesian deutromelayu
female bodies and 3D digital model of attractive
bodies
Badriyatut Dini1, Magda R Hutagalung1, David P
Kusuma1, Toetik Kusbandriati2, Agus Windharto3
1
Department of Plastic Surgery, Airlangga University,
Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Department of Anthropology,
Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3Sepuluh
November Institute of Technology, Surabaya, Indonesia
*ayinkdr@yahoo.co.id
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164
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
The objective of this study was to establish a database and
formulation of attractive Deutromelayu female bodies based
on the Indonesian beauty concept, describing varying body
indexes of Indonesians to build a 3D digital model of the
attractive Indonesian female body. This body standard and
3D digital model would be used as guidance for body
contouring, increasing the accuracy, anatomically and
anthropometrically and could also be used by other
interdisciplinary fields. This was an applied study. The
concept of the beautiful Indonesian female body was
obtained by questionnaires that were distributed to a hundred
male and female adults. Ninety two students 17-25 years old
who never had any surgery underwent body anthropometry
measurements and photography. These data were then
assessed by expert and non expert juries and categorized into
normal and attractive groups. The distinguishing factors
between the two groups were determined statistically by t-test
and discriminant test. Anthropometric and photographic data
were used to make a 3D digital model of the attractive
Indonesian female body by Poser and 3D Max programs.
Criteria of body attractiveness were bright skin color,
tallness, slimness, hour-glass body shape, muscular arms,
medium-sized shoulders, hip, waist, breasts and buttocks,
wide chest and slender legs. The distinguishing parameters
included chest circumference, chest height, hip width, hip
width index, and waist hip ratio (WHR) with p<0,05 by t-test,
chest dimension index, waist hip ratio (WHR), triceps
skinfold and leg length by discriminant test. The geometric
outline of the bodies in each group could be compared
linearly with stastitical results.The attractive 3D digital
woman model was created by approximating the average
values of attractive group and this showed bigger chest and
breasts, narrower waist, firmer arms and more slender legs in
comparison to those of less attractive ones.
IFAA2014-7-012
Evaluation of facial symmetry-asymmetry
relation to body cathexis: Preliminary results
in
Cagatay Barut1, Erol Aktunc2, Furuzan Kokturk
1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit
University, Zonguldak, Turkey;2Department of Family
Medicine, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University,
Zonguldak, Turkey .
*cagbarut@yahoo.com
Careful measurement of several bilateral traits in humans has
revealed many differences. However, the asymmetries found
in humans are often very small and subtle. Perfect symmetry
of bilateral traits is said to represent ideal development, while
asymmetry represents an inexact presentation of
developmental design. Body cathexis is the degree of
satisfaction for various parts of one’s body. This study was
conducted to evaluate the relationship between symmetryasymmetry of face in relation to the degree of body
satisfaction in a Turkish population sample. Anthropometric
measurements of face were taken from 109 female and 107
male healthy individuals. Facial profiles were analyzed using
16 linear measurements (8 from left and 8 from right side)
made with digital photographs taken from front. An
asymmetry index is calculated for each pair of measurement
with the following formula¥(R-L)2. The degree of
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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satisfaction for the body was assessed using Body Cathexis
Scale (BCS). Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis
was performed to determine the relationship between
variables. There were no statistically significant correlations
between asymmetry index values and total BCS scores in
both genders (p>0.05). It can be suggested that there is no
relation between facial symmetry-asymmetry condition and
the body perception of healthy individuals.
IFAA2014-7-013
3D model fusion in evaluation of facial anatomy for
aesthetic asymmetry corrections in the region of
nose and upper incisor midline
Andrej Thurzo1, Martin Bohac2, Michal Miko3
1
Clinic of Dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, Medical
faculty Commenius University; 2Clinic of plastic,
reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, Medical faculty
Commenius University; 3Instute of Histology and
Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, Comenius
University.
*misko.miko@gmail.com
The specific procedure was invented to create and analyse a
virtual reproduction of in-vivo situation of specific anatomy
in the region of nose, upper lip and upper incisor midline to
achieve proper treatment planning for correction of midline
shift and nose asymmetry in the smile. The 3D models were
fused in Invivo 5.3/MD studio Anatomage, and generated
from: 1. the face scan (Di3D scanner, resolution 0,1mm),
OBJ file; 2. the dental model scanned by O3DM(resolution
0,05mm), STL file; 3. CBCT i-CAT scan(resolution 0,3mm)
DICOM files. The fusion provided virtual 3D model of the
region, relationship properties between face/smile asymmetry
and upper incisor midline and philtrum asymmetries
expressed in smile. The facial scan was used for nose-sagital
asymmetry evaluation. The data from CBCT delivered matrix
to map the facial scans and dental scans into virtual model.
Dental optical scans were necessary to avoid artefacts caused
by amalgam fillings on CBCT with lower resolution. The
smile symmetry was also evaluated. Correcting the upper
incisor midline shift to the canter of the face during lingual
orthodontis often leads to visual amplification of the nose
asymmetry. The relationship between soft and hard tissues
was evaluated according to the fused 3D digital model. The
region of the philtrum in the smile is essential in midline
correction which must be considered prior to the treatment
planning.
IFAA2014-7-014
3D Reconstruction of human thorax
Guillaume Péré1, Omar Bouhelal3, Vincent Delmas1,
Jacques Moscovici 2, Christian Latrémouille1, Odile
Plaisant1
1
URDIA EA4465, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne
Paris Cité, Paris, France; 2Université Toulouse III, Paul
Sabatier, Toulouse, France; 3Vizua, Paris, France;
*odile.plaisant@parisdescartes.fr
The goal of this work was to make a 3D reconstruction of the
human thorax based on dissections. Six cadavers were
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
165
dissected following the same routine, one plane after the
other beginning at skin level and finishing at mediastinum
level. 17 planes were necessary to describe the right and left
hemithoraxes. 25 to 40 pictures were taken for each plane
with an Iphone 4S; a 3D mesh reconstruction using the pixels
of the pictures (photogammetry) was performed with the
software 123D Catch (AUTODESK) for IOS7. The volumes
were downloaded on a PC and post-treated with Netfabb (3d
systems), 3ds Max (AUTODESK), ZBrush (Pixologic),
Photophop 5 (Adobe). The post-treated meshes were
uploaded to Vizua CLOUD based platform web 2.0
(www.vizua3d.com) allowing to label the structures, and
realize a written and interactive presentation of the dissection
with hyper realistic render. For example, go to
http://vizua3d.com/viewer_lite?link=17001c0a-c9fb-de6eaf78-46c272025abd Vizua is a communicative and pedagogic
platform that offers the means to store, sustain and share the
work done by researchers and transforms dissections and
medical imaging techniques (CT-scan, MRI, etc) into a
pedagogic tool.
two-dimensional cross sectional imaging, the resident
interventionist is difficult to identify the angle variation
between vessels. Sometimes the interventionist neglects the
blood vessel variation, the interventional proceduresmaybe
failed. CT enhancement scanning images were got from the
patient after one failed procedure. The DICOM format
documents were imported into Mimics13.0 software, and
then the digital 3D model was obtained. According to tissue
layers, these 3D models of skin, fat, artery and bone are
constructed. This model could be zoomed and rotated
randomly and also could display the spatial positions and
adjacent relationships of these variant structures, and the
reconstructed structures could be measured in 3D space, then
by these 3D model we may analyze why the interventional
procedures failed. It also supplies the certain morphological
reference for resolving the transfemoral variantblood vessel
catheterization in clinic. The interventionist should consider
the possibility about variation, and it will be helpful to
increase the success rate.
G3730
G3593
Proximal femur form 3D building and prosthesis
design
A finite element modeling of the human calcaneus
considering the anatomic characteristics of bone
trabecula
Luo Bin
Wenxin Niu1, Ming Ni2,3, Tienan Feng1, Tingting
Tang3, Chenghua Jiang1
Shenzhen polytechnic medical technology and nursing
college 518055
1
Proximal femur form 3D building and prosthesis design Luo
Bin Shenzhen Polytechnic Medical Technology and Nursing
This study of Chinese proximal femur through CT thin layer
scanning, data collection of proximal femur anatomic
structures, through the data format conversion and processing,
using CAD/CAM software UG NX - for proximal femoral
head and femoral neck and femoral medullary cavity for 3 d
building, and the imaging of femoral head and femoral neck
and proximal femoral medullary cavity measurement and
statistics, analysis, and several parameters, such as using
Mimics software reverse engineering, rapid establishment of
individualized three-dimensional morphological structure,
through rapid prototyping technology to produce the
proximal femoral prosthesis. This prosthesis design includes
three parts: prosthetic femoral head and femoral neck
prosthesis and the femoral prosthesis handle. Femoral neck
prosthesis connection prosthetic femoral head and femoral
prosthesis handle, through screw thread connection femoral
head prosthesis; Femoral prosthesis handle use fork, fork
handle with femoral neck prosthesis by screw thread
connection, the above two fork handle respectively through
two locks up on either side of the needle should be fixed in
the femoral bone, can prevent the loose prosthesis handle and
slippage. Key words: proximal femur; Form; 3 d building;
Prosthetic design
Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201200
China; 2 Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area
People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200065 China; 3 Shanghai Key
Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai 200001
China
Finite element modeling and analysis were widely used to
research foot-ankle biomechanics. But most studies treated
the bones as solid structure and ignored the anatomic
characteristics of bone trabecula. In this study, an intact
calcaneus specimen of human cadaver was scanned using
micro-CT and 3-dimensionally reconstructed. Two finite
element models were presented as porous and solid models to
compare the mechanical response under normal physiological
environment. The results showed considerable differences of
biomechanics between two models. The porous model was
greatly stiffer than the solid model when they had the same
mass. The strike lines of the bone trabecula represented the
lines of force transferring. In the porous model, the stress or
strain showed a more homogeneous distribution and its
maximum value gave a more precise prediction for the
fracture. Therefore, the biomechanical analysis of the
calcaneus should consider the trabecular network.
G3709
Apply to transfemoral catheterization by three
dimensional reconstruction based on the CT
enhancement scanning
G3963
Gao An, Li Hong
Anatomical study of three-dimension reconstruction
model to simulate lag screw internal fixation for the
sacroiliac joint
Department of Anatomy, University of South China,
Hengyang, China
Weigang Yin 1, Haiqing Wang 1,2, Zengyuan Shi 2 ,
Rong Lin 1, Yiyong Chen 1
The interventional therapy commonly depends on the
imaging diagnosis directly or indirectly. Only on the basis of
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166
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
1
Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; 2.Department of
Orthopaedics,The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
To provide anatomic basis for operation of placing lag screw
internal fixation for the sacroiliac joint through the line from
posterior inferior iliac spine to tubercle of iliac crest. CT
scanning data from 60 adults pelvis ˄ 30 males and 30
females˅were collected clinically and then imported into
Mimics15.01 for 3D image reconstruction. Place needles
from the intersection of the long axis of sacrum auricular
surface and the pedicle axis of sacral 1, 2, 3 . The distances
from screw entry points to posterior inferior iliac spine(D),
the length of screw trajectory (M),as well as the angle
between the pedicle axis and coronal plane(Į) and horizontal
plane(ș) were measured,then compared with results between
sides and sexual.(1) Three penetrated points that the needles
through the outside of iliac wing on the line from posterior
inferior iliac spine to tubercle of iliac crest. (2)There were
significant statical differences between male and female in
the M2,D1,D2,ȕ3( P<0.05).
G4132
CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the orbital
cavity channel and its clinical significance
Shengqi Fu, Jianguo Yan, Pei Li
Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
To provide anatomical basis for clinical diagnosis of each
other spread of the orbital cavity and its surrounding area
diseases. 100 cases head were selected with no diseases, and
scanned by spiral CT from canthomeatal line, all original
images were transferred to the CT workstation. The position,
shape and its adjacent structures of orbital cavity channel
were observed and measured in the diameter. It were
13.72±1.56mm,
24.62±2.03mm,
28.16±1.03mm,
19.02±2.43mm and 6.20±0.44mm of the length of bony
nasolacrimal duct, infraorbital canal, inferior orbital fissure,
superior orbital fissure and optic canal in CT image
separately. There were significant difference in the length and
transverse diameter between the male and female of bony
nasolacrimal duct, the length of male than that of the female
was long, the transverse diameter of female than that of the
male was coarse. The area of the middle part of optic canal
was the smallest, it was the good location of optic canal
stenosis. It has an important clinical significance for imaging
diagnosis of the malignant tumor and inflammation.
workstation, the pterygopalatine space communications were
reconstructed by the multiplanar reformation (MPR). The
position, shape and its adjacent structures of pterygopalatine
space communications were observed and measured in the
diameter. MPR reconstruction imaging could clearly display
the position, shape and its adjacent structures of
pterygopalatine space communications, including the
pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen,
inferior
orbital
fissure,
pterygomaxillary
fissure,
pterygopalatine canal, greater palatine canal, lesser palatine
canal, palatovaginal canal and vomerovaginal canal.
Pterygopalatine space communications were symmetrical of
left and right sides, there were no significant difference in the
diameter. Pterygoid canal, foramen rotundum, palatovaginal
canal and vomerovaginal canal were located around the
sphenoid sinus, which were slightly or obviously protruding
into the sphenoid sinus. It was of important clinical
significance for imaging diagnosis and endoscopic operation
of pterygopalation space communications.
G4143
The significance of magnetic resonance imaging in
vertebral fractures and spinal cord injury diagnosis
Huitong Liu 1,2,3, Ze Zhao 2, Xiang Wu 2, Zhang
Yiyuan1*, Zhongquan Qi 1,3*
1
Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University; 2The First
Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; 3Organ
Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen
University
Multiplanar reformation reconstruction
observations on the pterygopalatine space
communications
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the principal
methods on spinal disease diagnosis. This paper investigated
the value of MRI in vertebral fractures and spinal cord injury
diagnosis retrospectively. The clinical and MRI data of 89
patients with spine trauma were retrospectively reviewed (69
males and 20 females, age from 15 to 68, with the average of
36). In these cases, a 1.5T MRI scanner was used diagnosing
and providing detail information for the differential diagnosis.
T1WI, T2WI and STIR were implemented on both sagittal
and axial sections. Among the 89 cases, 3 patients were
diagnosed as vertebral contusion, 5 patients as small fracture,
4 patients as Chance fracture, 33 patients as simple
compressed fracture, 26 patients as burst fracture, 18 patients
as vertebral fracture dislocation, and 43 patients as spinal
cord injury. Attribute to the sensibility of MRI on
hemorrhage and histology changes, the vertebral fractures
and the spinal cord injury could get diagnosed accurately by
their own imaging characteristic which was shown on MRI
scanning. Vertebral contusion, fractures, protrusion, spinal
cord injury and narrowing can be shown on MRI scanning
clearly. Based on the advantages of MRI, it demonstrated a
great significance on vertebral fractures and spinal cord
injury diagnosis.
Pei Li, Xinyin Fan, Shengqi Fu
G4225
Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
Too much open state finite element analysis of the te
mporomandibular join
G4134
To provide anatomical data for imaging diagnosis and
endoscopic operation of the pterygopalatine space
communications. 40 volunteers were selected and scanned by
spiral CT from canthomeatal line, all original images were
transferred to the CT three-dimensional reconstruction
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Mingxu Sun, Fang Gu*
Qingdao university medical college,Qingdao university medi
cal college
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167
To set up the dimensional finite element temporomandibular
joint model with the status of too large opening, obtaining the
articular disc’s mechanics situation. Use mimics and ansys
software to deal with a volunteer CBCT date whose TMJ was
healthy,and establish the finite element model.Determine the
three-dimensional direction and strength of force that lorded
into the model though the actual direction and cross-sectional
area of opening muscle,Obtain the articular disc’s mechanics
situation in too large opening. The finite element model of
articular area has been set up. The articular disc’s maximum
principal stress is located in intermediate zone of articular
disc by measuring the too large opening, and the von mises’s
maximum stress is locates in poster band of articular disc. At
the status of too large opening, articular disc’s maximum
compressive stress is located in intermediate zone of articular
disc, suggesting that too large opening was related with the
perforation on articular disc intermediate zone and
temporomandibular joint disorder.
State one-way stream-solid coupled analysis. Results
displayed: left coronary within of blood mobile in vascular
bent and the points fork Department exists II times stream,
and return and the disturbance stream, complex of mobile
phenomenon; blood velocity in tube cavity within is by
Center to edge descending of laminar State; artery of tube
wall pressure and tube cavity of diameter about, tube trail
more big, tube wall pressure more low; left coronary in points
fork Department and the bent Department of tube wall
pressure and the wall surface cut force of changes are more
active.
G4421
The study of three-dimensional reconstruction of
complex fractures of the humerus based on CT
images
Rong Wang, Zhi Zheng
Information Engineering Institute, Gannan Medical
University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
GA4279
Non-invasive showing the connectivity of the human
insular lobe using diffusion imaging
Yiyong ChenˈLin Li, Weigang Yin
Medical school of Ningbo university, Department of Anatomy
of Nanjing medical university, Medical school of Ningbo
university
To show and analysis the structural connectivity perspective
of the insular lobe, 8 High-resoultion structural images(T1w)
and High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging(HARDI)
data sets from Human Connectome Project(HCP) were
acquired and analyzed. The tractography, registration of the
brain structure, analysis of the connectivity were performed
using DSI-Studio and BrainSuite softwares. The results show
there are the structural connectivity between insular lobe and
the Pars opercularis, Superior frontal gyrus, Pars triangularis,
Pars orbitalis, Primary motor cortex, Orbitofrontal area,
Primary Somatosensory Cortex, Supramarginal gyrus,
Angular gyrus, Temporal pole, Superior temporal gyrus,
hippocampus, Parahippocampal gyrus, amygdaloid, thalamus,
claustrum, putamen, Basal forebrain. Conclusions˖ highresolution T1 images and high angular resolution diffusion
imaging data from HCP can be used to study the structural
connectivity of the insular lobe; furthermore, the results can
provide the basis for clinical research of insular lobe.
To study three-dimensional reconstruction techniques in the
complex fractures of the humerus classification value with
Mimics software, and to provide a more objective and
reliable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of complex
fractures of the humerus. Collect 10 cases of complex
fractures of the humerus CT scan images from the first
Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical university, put these
CT images into Mimics software, and complex fractures of
the humerus were reconstructed. Results indicated that the
three-dimensional model of complex fractures of the humerus
were generated by mimics software, and the pathological
anatomy features of complex fractures of the humerus could
be presented completely on the three-dimensional images.
The model of complex fractures of the humerus is established
by Mimics three-dimensional technology, and it has great
significance for clinical diagnosis, classification, preoperative
assessment, and prognostic judgment of complex fractures of
the humerus.
G4453
The imaging measurement of KBD knees and its
clinical significanc
Huitong Liu 1,2,3 , Ze Zhao 2 , Xiang Wu 2 , Hui Qiang
* , Yiyuan Zhang 1*
3
1
Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University; 2The First
Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University; 3The Second
Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People’s
Hospital.
G4388
The computational fluid dynamics analysis of norm
al left coronary artery and its main branch
Ren G., Zhang L., Zhao C., Cao L., Gao J.
Department of Anatomy,Hebei Medical University,
Shijiazhuang, Hebei,PR China
General collection a cases normal client who of heart
coronary of CTA data, to DICOM format import MIMICS
14.0 in the established left coronary trunk and main branch of
three dimensional digital model, then will model file import
ANSYS Workbench 13.0 established of stream-solid coupled
program within, respectively on tube wall and blood for
network lattice divided and conditions set, then for has blink
X-ray imaging measurement of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD)
knees in aged people which fit for total knee arthroplasty
(TKA) and its clinical significance were investigated
retrospectively. 93 cases were divided into KBD group,
degenerative osteoarthropathy group and normal group. Their
clinical and X-ray data (AP view) were reviewed. The
indexes of femoral condyle diameter, tibial plateau diameter,
angle PT and angle FT were measured by AutoCAD 10.0. In
the normal group, male femoral condyle diameter is
(7.34±0.35)cm, female is (6.64±0.25)cm; male tibial plateau
diameter is (7.54±0.35)cm, female is (6.90±0.31)cm; male
angle PT is (2.08±1.08)°, female is (3.25±1.64)°; male angle
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168
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
FT is (4.63±0.60)°, female is (4.97±1.39)°. The data femoral
condyle diameter of KBD group was different from the
normal group obviously. The differences in tibial plateau
diameter
and
angle
PT
between
degenerative
osteoarthropathy group and normal group were obvious.
Compared with foreign data, the difference in angle PT an
angle FT were both obvious. These Indexes showed well
differences, and the imaging measurement of KBD knees has
an important clinical significance. It will provide a theoretical
basis for designing the knee prosthesis and increasing the
accuracy, success rate and long-term efficacy of TKA.
model is cut according to the gray values range of CT, and
the materials are assigned correspondingly. 6, The part of
model that affect results the least should be simply treated.
The materials are assigned according to the values of CT, and
this method is very simple and can be used in structural
statics analysis. If compact bone, cancellous bone, paranasal
sinus and mastoid antrum and so on are separated, materials
properties can be determined, and dynamics of structure
analysis, yield analysis, failure analysis and so on can be
given.
G4570
G4454
The patella related indexes of KBD knees measured
by imaging method
Huitong Liu 1,2,3, Hui Qiang2, Zhao Ze2,3, Xiang Wu3
Zhongquan Qi1, Yiyuan Zhang1*
1
Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University; 2The 2nd
Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People’s
Hospital; 3The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong
University;
This paper investigated the X-ray imaging measurement of
Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) knees’ patella which fitted for
total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its clinical significance
retrospectively. The clinical and X-ray data (anterioposterior
view) of 93 cases were divided into KBD group, degenerative
osteoarthropathy group and normal group. The indexes of
patella thickness, the longitudinal length of patella and the
width of patella were measured by AutoCAD 10.0. In the
normal group, male patella thickness is 2.05±0.27cm, female
is 1.79±0.21cm; male longitudinal length of patella is
4.34±0.31cm, female is 3.82±0.42cm; male width of patella
is 4.90±0.23cm, female is 4.31±0.43cm. Based on the data,
we found that the difference of patella thickness between
degenerative osteoarthropathy group and normal group was
obvious; and the difference in the width of patella between
KBD group and normal group was also obvious. Compared
with foreign data, the difference in patella thickness and
longitudinal length of patella were both obvious. The imaging
measurement of KBD knees has an important clinical
significance. It will provide a clinical basis for the knee
prosthesis designing and increasing the accuracy and longterm efficacy of TKA.
G4515
The construction and analysis methods of the finite
element model of skull
Changyi Zhao, Guoshan Ren, Xiping Zhang, Lei Cao
Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
The construction of model: 1, The image sequences of the
same person from CT and MR are combined to reconstruct
the 3d model. 2, Cancellous bone and compact bone of the
skull, paranasal sinus and mastoid antrum are segmented
respectively to calculate a better mode though it needs more
labor and expenses. 3, The model should be corrected by
Geomagic Studio because this model will become larger after
smoothing. 4, The skull model and skull specimens are
corrected by comparison to obtain an accurate model. 5, The
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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3D bio-printing: Digital reconstruction of the
human kidney
Hao Ren*, Xiaoyue Zhai
Dept. of Histology and Embryology, China Medical
University 92, beier road, heping district, shenyang,
P.R.China
Over the past decade, we have completed the threedimensional reconstruction of the mouse kidneys: by using
computer software to automatically registrate and align
thousands of serial sections, and to track hundreds of renal
tubules (published in the top kidney journal JASN (impact
factor 9.8), and was used as cover. Internationally, the threedimensional reconstruction of human kidney is still lacking.
We use these self-developed softwares to investigate adult
human kidney. We aim on the emerging 3D bio-printing
technology, and upgrade the three-dimensional database
obtained, so that it can be compatible with the 3D bio-printer
as well. In about ten years, when printing functional tissues
and organs became possible, this study will provide a fine
human kidney script for the bio-printer. Kidney transplant
and organ rejection issues will be expected to exceed. In
country like China with a large population, its significance is
self-evident.
G4598
Rapid finite element modeling of highly simulated
bones using a combination of medical engineering
software
HuaJun Huang, Guodong Zhang, Yang Yang,
Zhanglin Wu, Jing Xu, Wenhua Huang*
Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
To improve the speed and simulation quality of conventional
finite element modeling of bones using combination of
Mimics, Geomagic and Ansys. CT data of long, flat and
irregular human bones were used for finite element modeling.
The experiment compared conventional modeling, modified
modeling and our improved modeling in terms of speed,
success rate and simulation quality. In the improved
modeling, 3D reconstruction was speeded up using “Three
Dimensional Edition”, high quality surface meshing in
Geomagic and volume restoration in Mimics ensure high
simulation of geometric shape, mesh generation was
conducted using Ansys command stream file. The improved
modeling had the least modeling time and the least volume
changes (P<0.05), and the total successful rate was as high as
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100%. Our improved finite element modeling may require
less time and workload, produce high geometric similarity
and higher rate of success than the conventional method.
G4618
The digital morphological study of lower cervical
pedicle in children
immunodeficient mouse models along with the mSOD1
mouse model, we have identified a component of the
peripheral innate immune system that may be defective and
contribute to ineffective T cell activation in the mSOD mice
and subsequent MN death.
IFAA2014-8-002
Effects of mango (Magnifera indica) leave extract
on brain diabetes and its behavioural implications
Shaojie Zhang1,3, Xing Wang1, Zhijun Li1,3, Yuanzhi
Zhang 2,3, Shang Gao1, Zhiqiang Wang
1
Department of Anatomy ,Inner Mongolia Medical University,
Inner Mongolia, Hohhot,010059; 2Department of
Orthopaedics ,Inner Mongolia Medical University
Hospital;3Center of Digital Medical
To explore morphological characteristic and development
regularity of lower cervical pedicle in children. MSCT date
of cervical were collected from 60 healthy 4̚12 years old
children, divided into three groups with each 20 cases, then
imported into Mimics for reconstruction, measured pedicle
width (PW), pedicle height (PH), the length of pedicle
osseous channel (POCL), e angle and f angle of C3~C7 and
calculate the PW / PH (I value) , Statistical analysis by group
and segment. PW, PH, POCL and e angle general showed an
increasing trend with increasing age. PW in each group
showed a gradually increasing trend. PH, POCL and e angle
had little difference between difference vertebra in each
group. f angle had significant differences in each group. I
value general showed decreasing trend. I value of C3~C7
changed from ˚1.0 to ˘1.0 in different groups. Different
segmental pedicle morphology development regularity is
obvious.
IFAA2014-8-001
CD4+T cells, motoneurons and ALS
Kathryn J Jones
Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
*kjjones1@iupui.edu
Our laboratory has previously identified a role for the
adaptive immune system in motoneuron survival after target
disconnection by axotomy. Specifically, we have found that
CD+T cells and IL-10 transiently support facial motoneuron
(FMN) survival after facial nerve axotomy, with T cell
activation occurring both peripherally by professional
antigen-presenting cells and centrally by microglia.
Astrocytes are also involved in CD+T cell-mediated
neuroprotection through cytokine production and Th2 helper
cell recruitment into the CNS. We have new evidence
indicating that, in the animal model of ALS, the mSOD1
mouse, this neuroprotection model may be dysfunctional. By
superimposing facial nerve axotomy-induced target
disconnection on the pre-symptomatic mSOD1 mouse, we
discovered that the microenvironment surrounding the FMN
is constitutively dysregulated, as well as dysregulated
following axotomy. Further molecular studies have
demonstrated that FMN from mSOD1 mice respond
phenotypically and positively to target disconnection by
axotomy like their wild-type counterparts. Collectively, these
data suggest that there may a component of immunemediated neuroprotection that is malfunctioning. Using
W.G Balogun1, O.B Akinola1, A.E Cobham1, Y.A
Kolawole2
1
Department of anatomy, university of ilorin, ilorin Nigeria;
Department of zoology, university of ilorin, ilorin Nigeria
*ballonogodie@yahoo.com
2
Aside structural and molecular aberrations, cognitive loss
have always been associated with both types of diabetes
mellitus. In the present study, we report the effects of induced
diabetes and its treatment with mango leaves on the
histology, behavioural and oxidative stress status of the
prefrontal cortex in adult male Wistar rats. Hyperglycaemia
was induced in fasted Wistar rats with alloxan (150 mg/kg
body weight; Group B). Hyperglycaemic rats were treated
with 10mg/kg of mangifera indica and 20mg/kg of mangifera
indica (Group C and D). A group of normoglycaemic rats
were also treated with 20mg/kg of mangifera indica (Group
E). The control was given feed and water ad libitum. At 28
days of treatment, novel object recognition test was done,
prefrontal histology was studied by the haematoxylin and
eosin techniques; and malondialdehyde (MDA) and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed in prefrontal
homogenate. Blood glucose was estimated by the glucose
oxidase method. In contrast to the non-treated diabetic rats,
blood glucose concentration were not significantly different
between treated rats and control (P>0.05) at 28 days of
treatment with mangifera indica. Tissue malondialdehyde and
superoxide dismutase levels in the diabetic untreated group
were statistically significant (P>0.05) when compared with
the control. The untreated rats showed loss of short term
memory with the novel object recognition test.
Histologically, there was improvement in the treated group
compared to the untreated group. These findings suggest that
mangifera indica confers better protection against
hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and memory loss in
brain of adult Wistar rats
IFAA2014-8-003
Age-Related Differences and Relationships Between
Elements in Human Amygdala and Other Limbic
System or Basal Ganglia
Yoshiyuki Tohno1, Setsuko Tohno1, Cho
Azuma 2, Nutcharin Ongkana1, Pasuk
Mahakkanukrauh1, Takeshi Minami 3, Patipath
Suwannahoy 1, Kittikun Viwatpinyo1, Lining Ke4
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand˗2Department of Anatomy,
Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara,
Japan˗3Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan˗
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170
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4
Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fujian
Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
*ytohno@med.cmu.ac.th
To elucidate compositional changes of the amygdala with
aging, we investigated age-related differences of elements in
human amygdalae. In addition, the relationships between the
amygdala and other brain regions were investigated from a
viewpoint of elements. After ordinary dissections were
finished, the amygdalae were removed from the cerebra of
the subjects who consisted of 22 men and 23 women, ranging
in age from 70 to 101 years. In addition, the hippocampus,
dentate gyrus, mammillary body, caudate nucleus, putamen,
and globus pallidus were also removed from the identical
cerebra. After incinerating with nitric acid and perchloric
acid, element contents were determined by inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found
that both the Ca and Mg contents increased significantly in
the amygdalae with aging. To explore the relationships
between the amygdala and either other limbic system or basal
ganglia, the correlations between seven elements of the
amygdala and hippocampus, dentate gyrus, or mammillary
body, and between those of the amygdala and caudate
nucleus, putamen, or globus pallidus were analyzed with
Pearson’s correlation. It was found that regarding the four
elements of Ca, P, Mg, and Fe, a close relationship existed
between the amygdala and hippocampus, globus pallidus, or
mammillary body.
IFAA2014-8-004
Close relationships among the seven gray matters of
the limbic system and basal ganglia with regard to
the phosphorus content
Yoshiyuki Tohno1, Setsuko Tohno1, Cho
Azuma2, Nutcharin Ongkana1, Takeshi
Minami3, Lining Ke4, Patipath
Suwannahoy1, Apichat Sinthubua1, Pasuk
Mahakkanukrauh1
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ;2Department of Anatomy,
Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara,
Japan ;3Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan;
4
Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Fujian
Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
*stohno@med.cmu.ac.th
To elucidate compositional changes of the brain with aging,
we investigated the relationships among seven gray matters
belonging to limbic system and basal ganglia with regard to
the P content. After ordinary dissections were finished, the
hippocampus, dentate gyrus, mammillary body, amygdala,
caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus of the gray
matter were removed from the identical brains of the
subjects. The subjects consisted of 22 men and 23 women.
After the brain samples were incinerated with nitric acid and
perchloric acid, the P content was determined by inductively
coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. It was found
that there were extremely significant direct correlations
among the P contents of all the hippocampus, dentate gyrus,
mammillary body, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen, and
globus pallidus of the gray matter. It is reasonable to presume
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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that the P content in the gray matter of the brain indicates the
active cell density, namely, the number of active cells per
volume. Therefore, there is a possibility that the active cell
densities correlate well and directly among all seven gray
matters of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, mammillary
body, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus
pallidus.
IFAA2014-8-005
Translational neuroanatomy in mouse models of
autism spectrum disorders
Michael J Schmeisser1, Constantin Mett1, Melissa
Schaaff1, Daniela M Cochoy1, Stefanie
Grabrucker2, Dominik Reim1, Sonja
Halbedl1, Juergen Bockmann1, Andreas M
Grabrucker2, Tobias M Boeckers1
1
Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University,
Ulm, Germany; 2WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies,
Neurocenter of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
*michael.schmeisser@uni-ulm.de
Shank1, Shank2 and Shank3 are scaffold proteins of
excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain and essentially
contribute to the anatomical integrity of the postsynaptic
density. During the last decade, malfunction of Shank has
been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders
including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, we
have generated Shank mutant mice (Schmeisser et al., Nature,
2012) and started to analyze neuroanatomical and
neurobehavioral phenotypes. Importantly, one of the
phenotypical hallmarks in these mutants is molecular and
morphological disruption of glutamatergic synapses, varying
throughout brain regions and neuronal subpopulations. To
uncover the molecular origins of the morphological
alterations and concomitant abnormal behaviors seen in our
mutants, we are now using different kinds of methodological
approaches including the Cre-lox system, cross-breeding of
mutants and detailed molecular and morphological
investigation of distinct brain regions. As primary goal of the
aforementioned studies, we would like to bridge classical
neuroanatomy with the translational medicine approaches of
our time to uncover the patho-anatomical framework of
synaptopathies such as ASD.
IFAA2014-8-008
The orchestrating mechanism of survival or death
of the neurons following ischemia stroke
Chunhua Chen, Li Li, Zhao Jiang, Jianfei
Lu, Changman Zhou
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Peking University
Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191,China
*cmzhou@bjmu.edu.cn
At least three distinct modes of cell death have been
identified and implicated with the ischemic stroke process –
they include necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Delayed
neuronal death is a hallmark feature of stroke and the primary
target for neuroprotective strategies. This is evidenced by the
fact that, even if cerebral blood flow is re-established quickly
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171
enough to prevent immediate cell death after a stroke, many
of the initially surviving neurons still die hours to days after
reperfusion. Autophagy is an essential process for cellular
metabolism and surviva, while on the other hand, it may also
be involved in cell death, specifically orchestrating the effects
in cerebral ischemia. Of the many pathophysiological events
involved in this delayed neuronal injury, mitochondriaspecific autophagy, also known as mitophagy, has recently
been shown to be a contributing factor. We showed that the
HIF-1 and gene BNIP3 caused neuronal death by inducing
mitochondrial degeneration. Our recent preliminary data from
BNIP3 knockout mice showed that BNIP3 deficiency
robustly reduced ischemia-induced mitophagy in neurons.
BNIP3 appears, therefore, to be a regulator of mitophagy. In
characterizing the BNIP3 pathway, we have obtained
preliminary data showing that BNIP3 interacts with
mitochondria by binding to the voltage-dependent anion
channel. This work was supported by the 16)& (31271280 ).
IFAA2014-8-009
The importance of peripheral nerve anatomy to a
peripheral nerve surgeon
sensations that serve as a protective function for warning
animals of impending tissue injury. Itch and pain are
similarly transmitted from the skin to the dorsal root ganglia
(DRG) neurons, which send the information to the brain via
the ascending projection pathway arising from the spinal
cord. Itch and pain share so many similar characteristics that
itch was once viewed as a sub-modality of pain. However,
itch and pain are two distinct sensations: while pain evokes
withdrawal responses, itch provokes scratching behavior.
Moreover, itch and pain are antagonistic in nature. My
laboratory has identified the first itch-specific peptide called
gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in DRGs and its receptor
GRPR in the spinal cord. Neurons expressing GRPR in the
spinal cord is crucial for relaying itch but not pain
information. The discovery of itch-specific GRPR+ neurons
opens the door for elucidating the fundamental mechanisms
by which itch and pain are independently transmitted from
the spinal cord to the brain. In this talk, I will present
anatomic, molecular and behavioral data to support the
existence of a neural circuit dedicated to itch in the spinal
cord.
IFAA2014-8-011
Activation of FcİRI in nociceptive sensory neurons
by IgE immune complex is involved in pruritus in a
mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis
Robert J Spinner
*spinner.robert@mayo.edu
"Qu’ils n’oublient jamais que sans anatomie il n’y a point de
physiologie, point de chirurgie, point de médecine” [‘may
they never forget that without anatomy, there is no
physiology, no surgery, no medicine’). Jean Cruveilhier,
Anatomie descriptive, 1834 This quote from the famous 19th
century French anatomist is as applicable now as it was in
1834. The basis of peripheral nerve surgery -- whether for
entrapments, injury, or tumors/tumor-like conditions --is
peripheral nerve anatomy. Entrapment is due to static and
dynamic changes in anatomy affecting the nerve at
predictable sites, typically within predisposed fibro-osseous
or fibro-muscular “tunnels”. Surgery for nerve injury relies
on anatomic bridges (i.e., nerve grafts) or creative bypasses
(i.e., nerve transfers), the latter exploiting normal anatomy to
utilize expendable (i.e., redundant) nerves, branches, or
fascicles. The essence of safe surgery on benign nerve sheath
tumors is the identification of the single fascicle involved in
the tumor and preservation on the remainder of the parent
nerve; for tumor-like lesions, we have become aware of the
role of the articular branch in the pathogenesis of intraneural
ganglion cysts as well as the nerve-territory sequelae in
choristomas and hamartomas. New advances in peripheral
nerve surgery relate to the old fashioned basics of anatomy.
IFAA2014-8-010
Can we separate the itch and pain pathways?
Zhoufeng Chen1,2,3
1
Center for the Study of Itch; 2Departments of
Anesthesiology, Psychiatry and Developmental Biology;
3
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,
63110, U.S.A.
*chenz@wustl.edu
Fan Liu1, Lubin Xu2, Naze Chen2, Mo
Zhou2, Haowu Jiang1, Xinhua Shen1, Zhiyong
Chen1, Chunyan Li1, Bo Yuan1, Chao Ma1
1
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School
of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing,
China; 2Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
*mcpumc@163.com
Pruritus is a common symptom of allergic conjunctivitis. We
established a mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis using
oval albumin (OVA) and discovered an increased level of
antigen-specific IgE in the sera of OVA-sensitized mice. Fc
epsilon receptor I (FcİRI) was found to be expressed on the
somata and axons of mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG)
neurons and co-expressed with nociceptive neuronal markers
IB4, CGRP and TRPV1. We hypothesize that IgE immune
complex (IC) may directly activate FcİRI on sensory
neurons, potentially contributing to itch. Calcium imaging
showed that IgE-OVA IC, but not the antibody (IgE) or the
antigen (OVA) alone, caused an increase in intracellular
calcium level in dissociated TG neurons. Western blot and
qRT-PCR of TG showed an increased level of FcİRIa protein
as well as mRNA in sensitized mice. When challenged with
different concentrations (0.1%~5%) of OVA, sensitized mice,
but not naïve ones, exhibited an significantly increased
scratching response toward the challenged eye, as compared
to the vehicle or naïve mice. This effect cannot be blocked by
pre-treatment of mast cell stabilizer or histamine receptor
antagonist. These results suggest that activation of
nociceptive sensory neurons by IgE IC may be directly
involved in pruritus of allergic conjunctivitis.
IFAA2014-8-012
An important question in sensory biology is how the brain
differentiates itch from pain. Itch and pain are two major
Histology of the interthalamic adhesion: A gray
commissure?
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Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra, Jose Fernando Marín
Arias, álex Pava Ripol
Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales,
Colombia
.* jduqueparra@yahoo.com.mx
Interthalamic adhesion is an incostant part of human
diencephalon. Its function is still unknown and its
histological nature its controversial, as its named by some as
a gray commissure, although the term commissure is used to
designate in the neuroanatomy field, white matter or set of
nerve fibers interconnecting such regions each other, crossing
the midplane. Samples of fresh human interthalamaic
adhesions were collected, fixed with formalin (10%) and
processed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin
staining. Interthalamic adhesion is a component of the central
nervous system and even inconstant, but when it exists it has
histologic axons. Opposed to what some authors say, is a
white commissure. Conclusion: The interthalamic adhession
histologically presents mainly axons, what constitutes a true
commisure, so it is not a gray commissure.
IFAA2014-8-013
The true apparent origin of the glossofaryngeal,
vagus and accessory nerves
autophagy and apoptosis. It was also found had a significant
increase after MCAO. However, the role of TMEM166
involved in this process is still unknown.To determine the
role of TMEM166 following MCAO injury, 156 male C57
mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham, MCAO
(wild type), MCAO (TMEM166 knockout), MCAO+
Rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor, ip, 0.5ng in 0.5 ul 0.1% DMSO
, 20min before MCAO), MCAO+ shTSC2 (mTOR
activator,i.c.v, 5ul immediately after MCAO). TTC,
neurological scores, mortality rate, brain water content,
TUNEL staining, western blot and immunohistochemistry
(Beclin-1, LC-3ˈ mTOR ˈ p-mTOR ˈ p70s6kˈ p-p70s6k)
were conducted 24h following MCAO. The results show that
TMEM166 knockdown inhibits autophagy and improves
brain injury following MCAO in mice. Compared with
untreatd c57 mince, rapamycin treated mice shows
downregulation of mTOR and upregulation of TMEM166 by
western blot and immunohistochemistry. Treatment with
TSC2 shRNA increases the expression of mTOR and
decreases the expression of TMEM166. This work was
supported by the 16)& (31271280 ).
IFAA2014-8-016
Functional and neuropathological consequences of
concussive brain injury at adolescence
Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra, Jhon Barco Ríos, Jhon
Jairo Diaz Zapata
Bridgette D Semple1, Raha Sadjadi2, Jaclyn
Carlson2, Duan Xu3, Donna Ferriero4, Linda NobleHaeusslein5
*jduqueparra@yahoo.com.mx
1
To determine the precise place where the roots of the
glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge as an
apparent origin in the oblongata medulla. 35 human brain
stem that had been previously fixed in formalin solution
(10%), and by direct inspection were examined and recorded
the precise spot where the roots emerge from those nerves
and compared with the information reported in the literature.
In 100 % of brain stems studied it was found that the nerve
roots emerge about 2 to 3 mm behind the pre-olivary groove,
different from the information reported in the literature.
There are different opinions related to the apparent origin of
the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves, which
warrants a larger study to reach a general consensus on the
precise spot where the roots of these nerves make their
appearance.
IFAA2014-8-014
TMEM166 knockdown attenuates ischemic-induced
neuronal autophagy via mTOR pathway in mice
Chutong Lin *, Yue Hou* , Li Li, Changman Zhou
Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic
Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center,
Beijing, China *These authors contributed equally to this
work
Transmembrane protein 166 (TMEM166), also known as
FAM176A, is located on chromosome 2p12. Recent studies
have shown that over-expression of TMEM166 markedly
inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells and induces both cell
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of
Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; 2Neurological Surgery,
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
3
Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California
San Francisco, San Francisco, USA;4Pediatrics and
Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, USA; 5Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation,
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
*Bridgette.Semple@ucsf.edu
There is growing controversy surrounding the management of
concussion in young athletes, with evidence suggesting that
repeated concussions may result in cumulative and chronic
neurological impairments associated with neurodegeneration.
The adolescent brain may be particularly vulnerable to
concussions due to ongoing maturation at this time, combined
with a high risk of sports-related impacts. We have therefore
developed a mouse model of repeated concussive brain
injuries in the adolescent mouse, and characterized a single
concussive injury or repeated insults (2 impacts, 48 h apart)
across development. Acutely, injured brains lack any signs of
cell death, brain deformation, axonal degeneration or
neuroinflammation, indicating the very mild nature of this
insult. However, behavioral assessments reveal transient subacute anxiety and a persistent, pronounced hypoactive
phenotype which emerges over time, in the absence of any
sensorimotor dysfunction. Of note, both single and repeated
injuries at adolescence produce a similar profile of functional
deficits, with no evidence for an additive effect. These data
highlight the vulnerability of the adolescent brain to a single
mild concussion which does not produce acute pathological
hallmarks of injury. Our findings lay the groundwork for
understanding injury mechanisms, with future studies
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173
and the subpallium (striatum, pallidum, basal forebrain and
preoptic area). 2) To restrict the classic term 'pons' to the
pontine nuclei and crossing fibres, with a prepontine and
retropontine hindbrain. 3) To correct linguistic improvements
in the TA hardly accepted in the field (e.g., nucleus raphes
posterior to nucleus raphes dorsalis). 4) To adopt Hirai and
Jones (1989) terminology for thalamic nuclei with some
minor modifications. 5) To implement new subdivisions for
the subpallium and amygdala. 6) For the cerebral cortex, to
add: Brodmann areas, newer subdivisions, and to update the
section on association fibres in the light of all the new DTI
data. The proposals will be made available on the IFAA
Website (www.unifr.ch/ifaa) by the time of the conference.
planned to evaluate long-term neuropathology and potential
neuroprotective strategies.
IFAA2014-8-017
Anatomical influences in regulatory approaches to
developmental neurotoxicity
Antonio F. Hernandez
Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of
Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
*ajerez@ugr.es
There is a growing concern about the risk of developmental
neurotoxicity (DNT) from chemical exposures. The
developing human nervous system may be highly vulnerable
to chemical toxicity, as optimal brain development relies on
cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell-cell
interactions occurring in a particular sequence and at the right
time. Thus, exposure to environmental contaminants or
pharmaceuticals during development may cause lasting
neurological deficits. The major tool for assessing DNT is
OECD Test Guideline 426, which comprises assessment of
gross functional, behavioural and neuroanatomical
abnormalities during postnatal development and adulthood.
The latter includes a qualitative examination to identify
evidence, type and range of severity of neuropathological
alterations and a quantitative evaluation (morphometry) to
ascertain treatment-related effects. All major brain regions
are sampled and data are evaluated according to biological
and statistical significance. Routine neuropathological
procedures are used in concert with functional tests for the
initial phases of risk assessment; thus, a multidimensional
approached is currently made for a better interpretation of
effects. The particular case of neonicotinoid insecticides will
illustrate how neuroanatomical changes in experimental
animals can influence a toxicological debate of public
concern within a regulatory framework where current healthbased reference values are modified to better protect human
health.
IFAA2014-8-019
Terminological issues in neuroanatomy
Hans J. ten Donkelaar1, Jonas Broman2, Luis
Puelles3, Alessandro Riva4
IFAA2014-8-020
The effect of the sympathetic nerve on growth and
metabolism of white adipocyte in PD model rat
Xiangzhi Meng, Ruipan Zheng, Ying Zhang, Yan Gao
Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicinal
Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing , China
*gy1003@ccmu.edu.cn
Weight loss is regarded as important non-motor system in
patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact
mechanism is poorly understood. The Sympathetic nerve
plays an important role in lipid metabolism and
differentiation of fat cells. We investigated whether the
sympathetic nerve is associated with the phenomenon .We
found that retroperitoneal fat mass reduction in PD model rats
which are induced by destroyed dopaminergic neurons in the
nigro-striatal system with the 6-OHDA injection to middle
forebrain bundle. Furthermore, we analyzed the markers of
Sympathetic nerve and related genes in adipocyte
differentiation by Western blot and Real Time PCR. We
found that activity of the Sympathetic nerve is increased, and
adipocyte differentiation is inhibited in PD rat. These
experiments demonstrate that damaged dopaminergic neurons
in the nigro-striatal system are associated with increasing the
activity of the Sympathetic nerve from brain to white adipose
tissue, promotion of lipolysis and inhibition of fat cell
differentiation, ultimately results in decrease of
retroperitoneal fat mass in PD model rats.
IFAA2014-8-021
Neuroplastin 65 knock out improves the cognitive
function and inhibits LTP of mice
1
Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen
Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,
Linkoping University, Sweden;3Department of Anatomy and
Embryology, University of Murcia, Spain;4Department of
Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
*Hans.tenDonkelaar@radboudumc.nl
Shuang Wu, Haibo Zhang, Liang Huang, Jing
He, Qionglan Yuan
Although in the TA of 1998, the number of neuroanatomical
terms was greatly expanded over the PNA, many
inconsistencies remained. The FIPAT Working Group
Neuroanatomy suggests: 1) To use a more natural
hierarchical classification of brain structures, for the
forebrain the subdivision into a caudal prosencephalon,
giving rise to the caudal diencephalon (pretectum, thalamus
and prethalamus), and a rostral prosencephalon, giving rise to
the hypothalamus (rostral diencephalon) and the entire
telencephalon. The telencephalon is divided into the pallium
Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of
Anatomy & Neurobiology.
*yqiongl@263.net
Neuroplastin 65 (NP65) Is a Brain-Specific and Glycoprotein
Highly Existed in Synaptic Membranes, and Its Function
Needs to Be Explored. NP65 (-/-) C57BL/6 Mice Were
Obtained By Gene Targeting. The Present Results Showed
that: Firstly, the Cultured Hippocampal Neurons from NP65(/-) Mice Expressed only MAP-2 but not NP65. Compared
with wild type mice, the number of primary neurites of NP65
(-/-) Mice Was Significantly Increased, but the Longest
Length and Average Length of Neurites of NP65(-/-) Mice
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
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Were Significantly Reduced. Secondly, Nissl staining
Showed that the Density of Hippocampal Neurons of NP65(/-) Mice Was Higher Compared With Wild Type Mice,
GFAP Positive Cells Were Increased in NP65(-/-) Mice.
Thirdly, Morris Water Maze Showed that Adult NP65(-/-)
Mice Had the Shorter Escape Latency Compared with Wild
Type Mice; in the Probe Test, It Showed Increased Crossing
Over the Previous Platform Location Compared with Wild
Type Mice. Fourthly, Passive Avoidance Test Showed that
Latency of NP65(-/-) Was Longer than Wild Type. Finally,
Long Term Potentioation(LTP) of Hippocampal Slices
Showed that NP65(-/-) Induced the Excitatory Postsynaptic
Potential (EPSP) but did not Maintain It. Conclusion NP65(/-) Effects Neurite Outgrowth of Hippocampal Neurons and
Improves cognitive function and Inhibits LTP of Mice.
IFAA2014-8-022
The local circuit in the cerebral cortex: Information
processing and dynamical systems.
Takeshi Kankeo
Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501,
Japan.
*kaneko@mbs.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
In spite of recent progress in brain sciences, the local circuit
of the cerebral neocortex still remains elusive. Morphological
works on excitatory cortical circuitry from thalamocortical
(TC) afferents to corticospinal neurons (CSNs) in cortical
areas are reviewed here. First, TC axons of motor thalamic
nuclei have been re-examined by the single neuron labeling
method. There are middle layer (ML)-targeting and layer (L)
1-preferring TC axon types in motor-associated areas.
Second, L5 CSNs receive local excitatory inputs not only
from L2/3 pyramidal neurons but also from ML spiny
neurons, the latter directly processing cerebellar information
of core-like TC neurons. In contrast, basal ganglia
information is targeted to apical dendrites of L2/3 and L5
pyramidal neurons through matrix TC neurons. Third, L6
corticothalamic neurons (CTNs) are most densely innervated
by ML spiny neurons located just above CTNs. Since CTNs
receive only weak connections from L2/3 and L5 pyramidal
neurons, the TC recurrent circuit appears relatively
independent of the results of processing in L2/3 and L5. It is
proposed that two circuits sharing the same TC projection
and ML neurons are embedded in the neocortex: one includes
L2/3 and L5 neurons, processes afferent information in a
feedforward way and sends the processed information to
other cortical areas and subcortical regions; and the other
circuit participates in a dynamical system of the TC recurrent
circuit and may serve as the basis of autonomous activity of
the neocortex.
IFAA2014-8-023
The contribution of innate immune response on
synaptic physiology and cognitive function after
traumatic brain injury.
Josh M. Morganti1, Timothy D. Jopson1, Sharon
Liu2, Lara-Kristie Riparip1, Cristian
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Guanandique2, Nalin Gupta2, Adam R.
Ferguson2, Susanna Rosi1
1
Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science
Department of Neurological Surgery.
*morgantij@ptrehab.ucsf.edu
2
Traumatic brain injury has been consistently linked with
increased risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases
including dementia. Recent work with surviving patients,
post-mortem tissue samples, as well as multiple animal
models have demonstrated that the TBI-initiated innate
inflammatory response in the brain can persist for years
following the initial trauma. The innate immune system
contains two subpopulations of monocytes defined by their
cell surface expression of either CX3CR1 or CCR2. Although
TBI has been shown to initiate a robust and protracted
inflammatory response following the initial trauma, little is
known regarding the relative contribution of either monocyte
subpopulation to this neurodegenerative state. Herein, we
have taken either genetic or pharmacological manipulations
to delineate the effects of each subpopulation within the
context of inflammation, macrophage polarization, synaptic
physiology, and hippocampal-dependent cognitive function.
Our studies reveal that blocking the accumulation of
peripheral monocytes/macrophages through either genetic
deletion (CX3CR1) or pharmacological antagonism (CCR2)
abrogates TBI-induced pro-inflammatory response, alters
macrophage polarization and abates disruption of synaptic
function markers. Ultimately, our data show that both genetic
deletion of CX3CR1 or pharmacological antagonism of
CCR2 is sufficient to ameliorate TBI-induced cognitive
dysfunction. Cumulatively, these findings provide novel
therapeutic strategies for the prevention of TBI-induced
neurodegenerative sequelae.
IFAA2014-8-024
Alterations in the neural circuits from peripheral
afferents to the spinal cord: Possible implications
for diabetic polyneuropathy in streptozotocininduced type 1 diabetic rats
Zhenzhen Kou, Hui Li, Yunqing Li
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K.
Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical
University, Xi'an 710032, China.
*plutoming116@163.com
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) presents as a wide variety of
sensorimotor symptoms. Changes in the neural circuits may
occur in the early stages in diabetes and are implicated in the
development of DPN. Therefore, we aimed to detect changes
in the expression of isolectin B4 (IB4, the marker for
nonpeptidergic unmyelinated fibers and their cell bodies) and
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, the marker for
peptidergic fibers and their cell bodies) in the dorsal root
ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord of streptozotocin (STZ)induced type 1 diabetic rats showing alterations in sensory
and motor function. We also used cholera toxin B subunit
(CTB) to show the morphological changes of the myelinated
fibers and motor neurons. STZ-induced diabetic rats
exhibited hyperglycemia, decreased body weight gain,
mechanical allodynia and impaired locomotor activity. In the
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
175
DRG and spinal dorsal horn, IB4-labeled structures
decreased, but both CGRP immunostaining and CTB labeling
increased from day 14 to day 28 in diabetic rats. In spinal
ventral horn, CTB labeling decreased in motor neurons in
diabetic rats. Treatment with intrathecal injection of insulin at
the early stages of DPN could alleviate mechanical allodynia
and impaired locomotor activity in diabetic rats. The results
suggest that the alterations of the neural circuits between
spinal nerve and spinal cord via the DRG and ventral root
might be involved in DPN.
IFAA2014-8-026
injection of IC evoked action potentials and peripheral
receptive field sensitization only in the C-nociceptive
neurons, but not A-neurons. Theses results suggest that IgG
IC may induce pain and hyperalgesia via direct activation of
primary nociceptive neurons.
IFAA2014-8-028
Myelin sheath injury in kaolin induced
hydrocephalus: A light and electron microscopy
study.
Anatomic imaging in pediatric neurosurgery
Olugbenga A. Ayannuga1, Temitayo M.
Shokunbi2, Thajasvarie Naicker3
R. Shane Tubbs
1
Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, USA
*shane.tubbs@childrensal.org
Modern imaging modalities offer a high resolution look into
the nervous system of the pediatric population. The speaker
will review current imaging methods and how these are used
in a modern pediatric neurosurgical practice at a tertiary care
center. Topics will include imaging of the craniocervical
junction, imaging of the spine for congenital malformations,
and routine imaging of of the hydrocephalic patient.
Following the presentation, the attendee will have an
improved knowledge of the common imaging modalities used
in 2014 for the pediatric neurosurgical patient and what
anatomy these modalities can highlight.
IFAA2014-8-027
IgG immune complex induces hyperalgesia via
specific activation of peripheral nociceptive neurons
Haowu Jiang, Xinhua Shen, Zhiyong Chen, Bo
Yuan, Tao Wang, Fan Liu, Chunyan Li, Yikuan
Xie, Chao Ma
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical
Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical
College, Beijing 100005, China
*mcpumc@163.com
Pain and hyperalgesia often accompany antigen-specific
immune diseases but the underlying mechanisms are not
clear. Our previous studies demonstrated that dorsal root
ganglion (DRG) neurons express Fc-gamma-Receptor type I
(FcȖRI), and can be directly activated by IgG immune
complex (IC), evoking an increase in the intracellular calcium
level and neuronal excitability. In this study we explored the
potential physiological function of this mechanism in pain
sensation. IgG-IC was prepared by using ovalbumin as
antigen and rat anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgG as antibody.
Pain-related behavioral tests showed that IC dosedependently produced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia
when injected intradermally into the rat hindpaw. The ICinduced behavioral effects can be blocked by coadministration of non-specific IgG, but not by mast cell
stabilizer or histamine antagonist. In acutely dissociated DRG
neurons, IC produced an increase in the intracellular calcium
level and neuronal excitability only in the small-diameter, but
not medium- or large-diameter DRG neurons. In-vivo
electrophysiology in the rat DRG confirmed that intradermal
Department of Anatomy and cell biology, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; 2Department of Anatomy,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Optics and Imaging
center, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
*gbengayan@yahoo.co.uk
In the central nervous system, myelin sheath derived from
oligodendrocytes, provides insulation for axons and is
responsible for saltatory conduction, an efficient way of
nervous impulse transmission. Hydrocephalus is a disorder of
production and or flow of CSF. We examined the severity
and time profile of injury to myelin sheath in the cerebral
white matter of rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.
Forty four juvenile rats were divided into 4 groups, each with
control and experimental subsets. Hydrocephalus was
induced with intracisternal injection of kaolin suspension
(0.04ml of 200mg/ml). The brains were harvested 1, 2, 3 and
4 weeks post-induction. Two 1mm thick coronal specimens
were obtained at the level of the optic chiasma, fixed in 10%
formal saline and Karnovsky’s fixative respectively.
7microns thick paraffin sections from the former was stained
with Luxol fast blue, while 1mm cube of the latter was
processed for electron microscopy. Attenuation of myelin
sheath with lamella separation was noted one week postinduction. Myelin debris was visible, two to three weeks
post-induction, while focal myelin degeneration, myelin cast
and loop formations were noted 4weeks post-induction.
These changes and subcortical white matter thinning were
directly related to increasing ventriculomegaly and duration
of hydrocephalus.
IFAA2014-8-029
Progression of mitochondria and endoplasmic
reticulum changes following kaolin induced
hydrocephalus in juvenile rats
Temitayo M. Shokunbi1, Olugbenga A.
Ayannuga2, Thajasvarie Naicker3
1
Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria; 2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; 3Optics and Imaging
center, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
*gbengayan@yahoo.co.uk
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are important for
neuronal function. The severity and progression of
morphological anomalies of these organelles in
hydrocephalus have not been extensively studied. Forty four
juvenile rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of control
and experimental subsets. Rats were induced by intracisternal
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Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH• http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
injection of kaolin suspension (0.04 ml of 200mg/ml) and
were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 1, 2, 3, and 4
weeks of induction. 1mm cube of the subcortical white matter
region of the brain slices taken at the level of the optic
chiasma and fixed in Karnovsky’s fixative were obtained and
processed for electron microscopy. Dilation of the
endoplasmic reticulum was an early feature of the anomaly. It
got worse as duration increases. Depletion of endoplasmic
reticulum was noted in the 4 weeks post-induction group.
Dilation of mitochondria was sparse in the 1 week postinduction
group.
Intramitochondrial
vacuolation,
disruption/degeneration of the crista and a breach of the
mitochondrial outer membrane were noted in the 2, 3 and 4
week post-induction groups respectively. In Kaolin-induced
hydrocephalus in the rats, changes in the endoplasmic
reticulum precede those in the mitochondria. However, the
severity of the changes in both organelles is directly related
to the duration of hydrocephalus.
IFAA2014-8-030
MRI anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve correlated
with cyosectional specimen and its possible
neurosurgical implications
Shuwei Liu1, Haiyan Tang1, Bo Sun2, Xiangtao
Lin2, Yuan Leng1, Haitao Ge1, Yuchun Tang1, Lei
Feng1
1
Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology,
Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
2
Department of MRI, Shandong Institute for Medical
Imaging, Shandong University, Jinan, China
*lshw@sdu.edu.cn
To study the sectional anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve
using MRI correlated with cryosectional sections for
providing anatomic data for neurosurgery. MR images were
obtained from 34 adult volunteers examined with 3D-SPACE
sequences, and 69 sets of serial cryosections of adult cadaver
heads were prepared. Compared with the cryosectional
specimens, the location, adjacent structures and recognition
landmarks of the hypoglossal nerve were observed in the MR
images. The cisternal segment of hypoglossal nerve was
identified with certainty in 100% (34/34) obtained in
transverse and coronary planes. The canal segment of
hypoglossal nerve was identified with certainty in 100%
(34/34) obtained in transverse, coronary and sagittal planes,
of which the landmark was hypoglossal canal in the lateral
basilar part of occipital bone. The cervical segment of
hypoglossal nerves was identified with certainty in 76.5%
(26/34) obtained in transverse planes, which was displayed in
round dot with moderate and low signal intensity, and 20.6%
(7/34) in sagittal planes. It passed through the medial of
internal jugular vein, lateral of internal carotid artery, lateral
of external carotid artery and medial of posterior belly of
digastric, respectively. 3D-SPACE MRI depicts the
intracranial and extracranial segments of hypoglossal nerve
clearly, as well as the neurovascular relationship at the
transverse, sagittal and coronary planes. Transverse and
coronary sections are much better for showing the
hypoglossal nerve.
IFAA2014-8-031
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Distribution of neuropeptide S expression neurons
in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical study
Yufeng Shao, Chaoyu Dong, Jing Li, Min Zhang, Kun
Fan, Xiangpan Kong, Yiping Hou
Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and
Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou
University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
*houyiping@lzu.edu.cn
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a newly identified neuromodulator
that selectively binds and activates Gs and Gq proteincoupled receptors NPSR. Our recent studies have
demonstrated that NPS-NPSR system regulates of sleep-wake
cycle, olfactory function, and anxiety. However, the precise
location of neurons containing NPS in the brain is uncertain.
The commercial anti-serums of NPS, Abcam (#ab18252) and
Millpore (#AB9614), are recently available to make it
possible to reveal the distribution of NPS expression neurons
in rat brain using immunohistochemistry. The dense NPS
immunereactive (-ir) neurons were found in the brain stem
including the locus coeruleus (LC) and principal sensory
trigeminal nucleus (Pr5). The moderate NPS-ir neurons were
seen in the reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons (RtTg),
mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), motor trigeminal
nucleus (5M), vestibular nucleus (Ve), periolivary nucleus
(PON), abducens nucleus (6N) and facial nucleus (7). A few
neurons expression NPS were located in the oral part of the
pontine reticular nucleus (PnO), caudal part of the pontine
reticular nucleus (PnC), parvicellular reticular nucleus
(PCRt), trigeminal transition zone (5Tr), ventral part of the
subcoeruleus nucleus (SubCV) and gigantocellular reticular
nucleus (Gi). In conclusion, NPS-ir neurons are mainly found
in the LC and Pr5 of the brain stem.
IFAA2014-8-033
Neural networks in classification scheme of neurons
from the adult
Dusica L. Maric1, Ivan Grbatinic2, Bojana
Krstonosic1, Nebojsa T. Milosevic3
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Clinic of neurology, Clinical center of
Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
3
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Belgrade, Serbia.
* maricduska@gmail.com
This study applies neural networks to both type of neuron
classification, quantitative and morphological and determine
whether the neurons of human dentate nucleus can be
classified on four morphological types. Material was
collected during 2011-2012 at the Department of Forensic
Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Novi Sad
(Serbia). The digital images of neurons were quantified with
five parameters which describe four cell features. Almost
97% neurons are classified correctly belonging to one of the
four types: a) neurons with small soma and short dendrites, b)
neurons with small soma and long dendrites, c) neuron with
large soma and short dendrites, d) neurons with large soma
and long dendrites. The human dentate nucleus can be
classified in four cell types according to the quantification of
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
177
their morphology. These types consist two neuron sets, small
and large ones with respect to their soma with subtypes
differing in dendrite length. They are most probably equally
distributed throughout the dentate nucleus as no significant
difference in their distribution is observed.
IFAA2014-8-034
A comparative study on the effects of type i and
type ii diabetes on learning and memory deficit and
hippocampal neuronal loss in rat
Morteza Behnam-Rassouli, Zeinab Momeni, Sareh
Rostami
IFAA2014-8-036
A 55 year old man with progressive neuralogic
deficits (case reports)
Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Iran.
* behnam@um.ac.ir
Hardy Senjaya
In addition to learning and memory impairments, diabetes
may also brings about neuronal loss in different regions of
the brain specially hippocampus. In this line, the present
study was conducted to investigate the effects of type 1
(T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes on cognitive function and
hippocampal neuronal density in rat. Three groups of male
Wistar rats (No=6) were regarded as control, T1D and T2D.
Type 1 hyperglycemia (experimental type 1 diabetes) was
induced by 60 mg/kg body weight of STZ injection and type
2 hyperglycemia (experimental type 2 diabetes) by 10%
fructose treatment through drinking water. Two months after
the induction of both types of experimental diabetes, learning
abilities and memory retention of animals were measured
using Morris Water Maze and shuttle box. All animals were
perfused afterwards and their brains processed for
stereological examination of hippocampal neuronal density.
In parallel to significant decrease in learning and memory
scores, T1D showed a meaningful reduction in hippocampal
neuronal density, when compared to control group. In T2D,
the reductions of cognitive scores as well as hippocampal
neuronal density were not significant, when compared to
control and T1D. Although both types of diabetes led to
neuronal loss and spatial learning and memory dysfunction,
these abnormalities were more obvious in T1D, while they
are probably age-related and duration-dependent in T2D.
IFAA2014-8-035
Propidium iodide (PI), a new candidate for Nissl
body staining under the fluorescence microscope
1
2
the neurons were treated with RNase, the neuronal
cytoplasmic granules disappeared in PI stained sections. The
neuronal cytoplasmic PI positive granules were colocalized
with all positive signals stained by the Nissl stain, a specific
fluorescent dye for Nissl bodies. The shortage that PI could
strongly stain glial nuclei could be overcome by the
application of DNase before PI staining. Therefore, with
DNase treatment, PI can be used to specifically stain Nissl
bodies in neurons, and may serve as a low expensive and
easy available fluorescent dye for a total neuronal cell count
(NSFC 81171154, GJHS 20120621153317134).
Departement of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine;Trisakti
University; Jakarta, Indonesia
*hardysenjaya49@gmail.com
At least 50 percent of the decline in functional abilities
associated with the elderly is caused by nuerology conditions,
particularly vascular dementia, such as occurs in Binswanger
disease. Binswanger disease is a rare condition, characterized
by acute strokes with symptoms and signs compatible with
lacunar infarction. The disease onset is commonly between
55 and 57 years. The majority of patients with Binswanger
disease have chronic hypertension and other putative factors
including diabetes mellitus, polycythemia, thrombocytosis,
hyperlipidemia, hyperglobulinemia and pseudoxanthoma
elasticum,
increased
fibrinogen
levels
and
the
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. We report the case of a
55 year old man, who suffered from involuntary movements
of his right arm, slight hemiparesis on the right side, and also
had dementia. He had a history of high blood pressure and
labotary tests showed that he had diabetes mellitus. The brain
magnetic resonance imaging showed irregular while matter
abnormalities with multiple lacunar infarcts in the basal
ganglia and pon. The clinical picture is characterized by acute
strokes, followed by involuntary movement and also
dementia. Therefore we decided to diagnose it as Binswanger
disease. After discharge from hospital. Thepatient has not
returned for follow up Keyword : Binswanger disease,
irregular white matter abnormalities, multiple lacunar infarcts
IFAA2014-8-037
Structural changes in the rabbit neural retina
following monocular deprivation
1
Junfei Niu , Chunman Li , Haihui Wu , Eric YP
Cho2, Xianling Feng1, Shihe Li1, Xiaomei
Wang1, David TW Yew2, Ou Sha1
Philip Mwachaka, Hassan Saidi, Paul Odula, Pamela
Mandela
1
School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science
Centre, Shenzhen, China; 2School of Biomedical Sciences,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
*shaou@szu.edu.cn
Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi,
Nairobi, Kenya.
* pmaseghe@gmail.com
Propidium iodide (PI), as a common fluorescent dye, is
usually used for nucleic acids staining, which can react with
both RNAs and DNAs. The PI positive signals in the nuclei
are normally stronger than those in the cytoplasm in most of
cells, such as the intestinal epithelial cells. In the present
study, it was found that PI could clearly stain many large
granules in the cytoplasm of large neurons in the rat
trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. After
Monocular deprivation results in anatomical and
electrophysiological changes in the visual cortex in favor of
the non-deprived eye. There is scarcity of information on the
structural changes occurring in the retina as a result of
monocular deprivation although it is considered as part of the
nervous system. 16 rabbits that were deprived of light by
suturing the lids of one eye were studied for 3weeks. At the
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end of each week, four animals were euthanized, their retina
harvested
and
processed
for
light
microscopy.
Photomicrographs of the retina were taken and entered into
Fiji software. The thicknesses of each layer of the retina and
cell densities in the nuclear layers were measured. Neural
retinal thickness in the deprived eyes reduced by 37%, with
significant (p<0.05) reduction being on the rods and cones
(51.4%), inner nuclear (50.3%), ganglion cell (39.7%), and
inner plexiform layers (58.4%). Cell densities in the nondeprived eyes markedly increased while those of deprived
eyes reduced. Among the non-deprived eyes, ganglion cell
density increased by 116% (p<0.001), inner nuclear cell
density by 52% (p<0.001), and outer nuclear cell density by
59.6% (p<0.001). Deprived eyes had more pronounced
reduction in the ganglion cell density (62%, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Monocular deprivation results in anatomical
changes in the retina in favor of the non-deprived eye.
IFAA2014-8-038
Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates 3-nitropropionic acidinduced striatal toxicity through anti-neuronal cell
death and anti-inflammatory mechanisms
Minhee Jang, Min Jung Lee, Ik-Hyun Cho
Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of
Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Republic of Korea.
*anacho@hanmail.net
The potential neuroprotective value of ethyl pyruvate (EP)
for the treatment of the striatal toxicity is largely unknown.
We investigated whether EP promotes the survival of striatal
neurons in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced mouse
model of Huntington’s disease (HD). EP (5, 10, 20, and 40
mg/kg/day, i.p.) was daily injected from 30 minutes before 3NP intoxication (pretreatment) and from onset/ progression/
peak point of neurological impairment by 3-NP intoxication.
EP produced a neuroprotective effect in dose- and timedependant manners. EP pretreatment of 40 mg/kg/day
produced the best neuroprotective effect among other
conditions. Pretreatment of EP significantly attenuated
neurological impairment and lethality and prevented
formation of lesion area and neuronal loss in the striatum
after 3-NP intoxication. This neuroprotection afforded by EP
was associated with the suppression of succinate
dehydrogenase activity, apoptosis, and microglial activation.
The suppressive effect of EP corresponded to the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and
nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signal pathways, and mRNA
expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor
necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1ȕ, IL-6, inducible
nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the striatum
after 3-NP intoxication. Interestingly, the intrathecal
introduction of inhibitors MAPKs and NF-kB into control
mice decreased the lethality after 3-NP intoxication. Our
findings indicate that EP may effectively alleviate 3-NPinduced striatal toxicity by inhibition of the MAPKs an
IFAA2014-8-039
The effect of acetylcholine on motility reaction in
opisthorchis viverrini
The 18th Congress of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists
http://www.csas.org.cn/ifaa2014/
Ratana Leksomboon, Banchob Sripa, Wannee
Chaijaroonkhanarak, Jariya Umka
College of medicine and public heath, 85 Ubonratchathani
university, Varinchamrab, Ubonratchathani 34190
*ratana_tlek@yahoo.com
The aim of this study is to determine the nerve fibers network
of acetylcholine related to their effect on motility reaction in
this carcinogenic parasite, O. viverrini. The motility was
measured by an X-celligence system (Roche Inc.) that
monitors cellular events in a real time without incorporation
of labels by measuring electrical impedance across
interdigitated micro-electrodes integrated on the bottom of
tissue culture E-plates (see http://www.roche-appliedscience.com/sis/x CELLigence/ ezhome.html ). The first step
consisted of a background reading followed by a regular user
defined reads at 10 sec were cultured in 180 μl RPMI media
per well triplicate of the 96 well E-plate at 37oC with 5%
CO2 and motility was monitored 30 minutes to obtain a
baseline motility reading prior to addition of 20 μl of each
testing solution (acetylcholine and inhibitor; serine) then the
motility was monitored 45 minutes after addition of various
test solution. The newly excysted juvenile O. viverrini (NEJs)
chemotacxis experiment was performed in chemotactic
chamber containing RPMI at 37oC. Sixty serine treated
larvae were placed at the center of the chamber. Stimulator
solution was dropped at one end of the chamber. Both
cerebral ganglia were connected together by short transverse
commissure. Each ganglion gave rostral and caudal group,
each side of rostral group branched to supply the pharynx and
oral sucker. However, eserine showed strong decreasing
amlitude at high concentration as10-3M and 10-4M on adults
(p<0.05). While all concentrations of eserine significantly
declined amplitude of NEJs motility around early 15 seconds
after treatment (p< 0.05). When placed 30 NEJs in to RPMI
media containing eserine all larvae shrink their body
immediately. They began motion again after washed out 15
minute. NEJs have motionless and could not moved to target
point of 10-4 M bovine bile. The results of serine against the
motility and chemotaxis experiment enhance the postulate
that acetylcholine play a role to control the motility and
movement to O. viverrini.
IFAA2014-8-040
Curcumin treatment of oxygen and glucose
deprivation in hippocampal HT22 cells promoting
the phosphorylation of Cofilin expression
Weijian Hou, Shuling Bai, Xiaohong Tian, Hao
Tong, Yawei Yan, Miao Yu
Department of Tissue Ingineering, College of Basic Medical
Science,China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
*baishuling@hotmail.com
In order to explore the role of curcumin for oxygen Glucose
deprivation in neuron cells, the experiments have been
carried out by using cultured hippcampal HT22 cells. The
design is divided into eight groups:1) normal controls;(2)
simple OGD;(3) OGD + 0.05% DMSO;(4) OGD + 0.05%
DMSO + Curcumin 5ȝM;(5) OGD + 0.10% DMSO
(6)OGD+ 0.10% DMSO + Curcumin10ȝȂ; (7) OGD +
0.20% DMSO;(8) OGD + 0.20% DMSO + Curcumin 20ȝM.
Annals of Anatomy,196S1 (2014) © Elsevier GmbH • http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat
179
Cultured cells for 1.5 d, allowed the cells to reach 85%
confluency. The cells were then serum starved for 12 h to
synchronize the cells to the G0 phase of the cell cycle.
Changed to sugar-free culture medium, cultured in hypoxic
incubator (O2 = 1.0 ~ 1.5%) for 2 hours. Then remove them
to conventional medium, under normal oxygen concentration
cultured for 3 hours. The cells were collected and Western
Blot experiments were performed by using the antibodies to
detect Cofilin and p - Cofilin expression. As the results that
p-Cofilin express significantly higher compared to OGD and
OGD+DMSO groups, but Cofilin changes not obviously.
This suggests that curcumin can promote the phosphorylation
of Cofilin, may have important relationship with nerve cell
skeleton movement.
IFAA2014-8-041
The secretions of hippocampal HT22 cells in
culture induced neuronal differentiation of mouse
bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Weijian Hou1, Shuling Bai1, Xin Wang2, Shiyu
Hao2, Xiaohong Tian1, Hao Tong1
1
Department of Tissue Ingineering, College of Basic Medical
Science,China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
2
Department of Biomedical Ingineering, College of Basic
Medical Science,China Medical University, Shenyang,
110001, China.
*baishuling@hotmail.com
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