TSC 220
ENERGY
CLASS 1
1620 Howe Hall
3-4 Wed
Prof Mark Bryden
and by appt
kmbryden@iastate.edu
294-3891
Admin Assistant
Angie Teig
1620 Howe Hall
ateig@iastate.edu
294-8060
UNDERSTANDING
ENERGY
1 Joule
1 N-m
1 cal
4.2 J
1 kcal
(or Calorie)
kcal (1000 calories)
1 kcal
4.2 kJ
1 hour vigorous exercise ~
260 - 430 kcals
1.1 - 1.8 MJ
300 - 500 Wh
1 quarter pounder =
60+ minutes of vigorous exercise
We consume 2500 kcal/day
= 10,000 Btu/day
= 2.9 kWh/day
~ 120 W
Full day of work
100 W 10 h 1 kWh
×
×
= 1 kWh day
h
day 1000 W
1 candy bar
0.35 kW-h
Human worker (1 day)
1 kWh
Household electric use (1 yr)
11,000 kWh
US energy use (1 yr)
3 TW-yr
~100,000 kWh/person/year
~10,000 h/yr (actually 8760)
= 10 kWh of continuous use
for each person
10 kWh of continuous use
= 240 kWh each day
= 240 personal servants
Household electricity usage
30 kWh per day per household
= 30 servants per household
about
10 personal servants
for each person
Power
W
Watt
1 W ~ LED Flashlight
kW
Kilowatt
1000 W
1.5 kW ~ Stove burner
MW
Megawatt
1000 kW
1 MW ~ 5 ISU Buildings
GW
Gigawatt
1000 MW
0.8 GW ~ Power plant
TW
Terawatt
1000 GW
3.3 TW ~ US energy use
PW
Petawatt
1000 TW
quad =
1 quadrillion Btu’s
1.055 exajoule
“ALTERNATIVE”
ENERGY?
COLONIAL AMERICA
1650
Wood is the primary fuel
1700
Wood is in short supply
1742
Franklin stove invented
1792
Coal discovered in PA
1792
Coal:
the alternative fuel
MEANWHILE IN
ENGLAND
1769
Spinning mule patented
1783
Spinning mule out of patent
The industrial revolution is on ...
...powered by water mills
1820
Running out of suitable sites
for water mills
1830
Watts - steam engine
JAMES WATT - 1800
1820 Condensing engines
ENERGY IN 1870 AMERICA
“The subterranean stores of coal are
becoming exhausted ....”
Lord Kelvin 1881
1887
first windmill for electric
power production
ENERGY IN 1890 AMERICA
1896
Svante Arrhenius
fossil fuel combustion may
cause global warming
1900
Oil:
the alternative fuel
1900
the gas engine
Today
What is the Alternative Energy?
WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR
5.6 TW - OIL
3.8 TW - COAL
3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.9 TW- NUCLEAR
0.9 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ENERGY USE = 14.8 TW-YR
5.6 TW - OIL
12.9 TW-YR
(87%)
3.8 TW - COAL
3.5 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.9 TW- NUCLEAR
0.9 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR
0.1 TW - OIL
0.8 TW - COAL
0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.3 TW- NUCLEAR
0.3 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
WORLD ELECTRICAL USE = 2 TW-YR
0.1 TW - OIL
1.3 TW-YR
(65%)
0.8 TW - COAL
0.4 TW - NATURAL GAS
0.3 TW- NUCLEAR
0.3 TW- HYDRO
0.1 TW- OTHER
U.S. ELECTRICAL USE = 0.5 TW-YR
1.9% - OIL
0.35 TW-YR
(71%)
49.5% - COAL
19.5% - NATURAL GAS
19% - NUCLEAR
7.4% - HYDRO
2.7% - OTHER
1.14% - BIOMASS
0.62% - WIND
OTHER
0.53% - WASTE
0.39% - GEOTHERMAL
0.01% - SOLAR THERMAL
0.00% - SOLAR PV
0.00% - TIDE/CURRENT
0.005% - OTHER