intelligent Converged Network consolidating Radio and optical access aRoundUSer equipment
Converged Ethernet for NextGeneration x-Haul
Daniel Muench
(EuCNC Workshop Towards Converged
X-Haul for 5G Networks – A joint
workshop of the iCirrus, 5G-XHaul and
5G-Crosshaul projects)
27.06.2016
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644526 (iCIRRUS)
Motivation Ethernet as Convergence
Layer for Next-Generation x-Haul
Applying Ethernet allows:
Multiple topologies
Ethernet-based OAM (Operation Administration and Maintenance)
Aggregation and different treatment of multiple traffic classes
Being agnostic to any functional split
Topology: Point-to-point
-> Eth-Aggregator
Legacy
BBU(s)
BBU= Base Band processing Unit
CPRI= Common Public Radio Interface
Eth= Ethernet
RRH= Radio Remote Head
TSN= Time-Sensitive Networking
CPRI
Eth
Eth-Aggregator
(Eth-Switch
with support
for TSN)
CPRIoEth
Point-to-point
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Eth
Eth-Aggregator
(Eth-Switch
with support
for TSN)
Eth
Eth
CPRIoEth
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Next-Generation Central Office
Mod Split
RRH
Mod Split
RRH
Legacy
RRH
Topology: Tree topology
-> add and drop of cells
Cell B
Legacy
BBU(s)
Mod Split Mod Split Legacy
RRH
RRH
RRH
CPRI
Eth
Eth
Eth-Aggregator
CPRIoEth
Eth
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Eth
CPRIoEth
Eth
Eth
Eth
Eth-Aggregator
Eth
Eth
Eth
Eth
CPRIoEth
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Next-Generation Central Office
Mod Split Mod Split Legacy
RRH
RRH
RRH
Cell A
Eth-Aggregator
BBU= Base Band processing Unit
CPRI= Common Public Radio Interface
Eth= Ethernet
RRH= Radio Remote Head
TSN= Time-Sensitive Networking
Topology: Ring topology
->Redundancy
Cell B
Legacy
BBU(s)
Mod Split Mod Split Legacy
RRH
RRH
RRH
CPRI
Eth
Eth
Eth
CPRIoEth
Eth
CPRIoEth
Eth
Eth
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Eth-Aggregator
Eth
Eth-Aggregator
Mod Split
BBU(s)
Next-Generation Central Office
BBU= Base Band processing Unit
CPRI= Common Public Radio Interface
Eth= Ethernet
RRH= Radio Remote Head
TSN= Time-Sensitive Networking
Ethernet-based OAM (Operation
Administration and Maintenance)
OAM for Service Level Agreement (SLA) and Self-Optimizing Networks (SON)
Legacy
BBU(s)
CPRI
CPRIoEth
Eth
Mod Split
BBU(s) (int.)
Eth
Internal
probes
Eth-Aggregator
Eth-Aggregator
Eth
Eth
Pluggable
Probes
CPRIoEth
Mod Split
BBU(s) (ext.)
Next-Generation Central Office
Mod Split
RRH
BBU= Base Band processing Unit
CPRI= Common Public Radio Interface
Eth= Ethernet
RRH= Radio Remote Head
TSN= Time-Sensitive Networking
Mod Split
RRH
Legacy
RRH
Aggregation and different treatment
of multiple traffic classes
Aggregation and different treatment of multiple traffic classes supported by
IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive networking (TSN)
Timing and
sync data
User
data
Control
data
Filtering / Policing
Transmission selection / Shaping / Scheduling
Other
data
Agnostic to any split point
Agnostic to any split point (also different split points for UL and DL possible)
MAC split
MAC
FEC
MAC split
MAC
FEC
Upper Phy
split
QAM
map
Upper Phy
split
QAM
demap
Lower Phy
split
Centralized split
(state of the art)
IFFT + CP
Lower Phy
split
DAC
IF/RF
Downlink
(DL)
IF/RF
Uplink
(UL)
Centralized split
(state of the art)
FFT - CP
ADC
(Preliminary) Requirements
(Preliminary) Requirements (condensed from iCirrus D2.1, D3.1 and D3.2)
Legacy (CPRI)
Modified split
(no CoMP)
Modified split
(CoMP)
Data rate
(trunk line)
100Gb/s to
400Gb/s
100Gb/s to
400Gb/s
100Gb/s to
400Gb/s
Max. Latency
(round trip)
150us (CoMP)
440us (no CoMP)
440us
150us
Max. Latency
imbalance
+/- 16 ns
+/- 163 ns
+/- 163 ns
Min. frequency
accuracy
+/- 2 ppb
+/- 2 ppb
+/- 2 ppb
Min. phase and
timing accuracy
+/- 10 ns (MIMO, TXDiversity)
+/-1.36 µs (LTE TDD)
+/- 30 ns
+/- 30 ns
Max. BER
10-12
10-12
10-12
Standard activities
IEEE 802.1CM Mobile fronthaul
IEEE 1904.3 Radio over Ethernet encapsulation
IEEE 1914 Next Generation Fronthaul Interface
Standard activities – IEEE 802.1CM
Mobile fronthaul
IEE802.1CM = Mobile fronthaul profile for IEEE 802.1 time-sensitive
networking mechnanisms
Status Draft 0.3:
considers IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN Bridge specification)
considers IEEE 1588 Synchronization
considers frame preemtion (e.g. IEEE 802.1Qbu, IEEE 802.3br)
considers applying IEEE 802.1CB Seamless Redundancy
Requirements are currently under discussion together with the CPRI
community
Standard activities – IEEE 1904.3
Radio over Ethernet encapsulation
Scope:
Encapsulation and mapping of radio protocols to be fronthauled over
Ethernet networks
Achieving QoS is not focused (->IEEE 802.1CM)
Purpose: exact header formats and packet encapsulations
Status from D1.0 (28 May 2016)
3 Types: simple tunneling mapper (encapsulating all), structure agnostic mapper
(encapsulating after removing encoding (8/10, 64/66)), structure aware mapper (actual
mapping)
Standard activities –IEEE 1914 Next
Generation Fronthaul Interface
No draft available yet / just started
Conclusion
5G challenges the current fronthaul model
fronthaul/backhaul boundary in 5G is blurred
->opens an opportunity for an open x-haul solution based on Ethernet
Meeting the timing and latency constraints for next-generation fronthaul
will require a strict control of timing and synchronization
hot research item in iCirrus and a study item in standardization
iCirrus will deliver a prototype network for performance measurements with
different mobile solutions (OAI, 60GHz, legacy CPRI)
References
-Datarates:
--2016, METIS II, ”Deliverable D1.1 Refined scenarios and requirements, consolidated use cases, and qualitative techno-economic feasibility assessment”
--2015, MGMN Alliance, “5G White Paper”
--2015, Small Cell Forum, “Crossing the Chasm: Small Cells Industry 2015”
--2014, Jungnickel, V.; Manolakis, K.; Zirwas, W.; Panzner, B.; Braun, V.; Lossow, M.; Sternad, M.; Apelfröjd, R., “The role of small cells, coordinated multipoint, and massive MIMO in 5G”
--2016, Small Cell forum, “Small Cell Virtualization Functional Splits and Use Cases”
-Latency:
--2016, 3GPP, TS 36.300 LTE, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Univeral Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Overall Description”
--2015, China Mobile Research Institute, “White Paper of Next Generation Fronthaul Interface v1.0”
--2015, NGMN Alliance, “Fronthaul Requirements for C-RAN”
--2015, iCirrus, “D2.1 iCIRRUS - Intelligent C-RAN Architecture”
--2016, CPRI, “CPRI functional decomposition requirements”
--2016, Nokia, „White Paper Evolution to Centralized RAN with Mobile Fronthaul“
--2016, Small Cell forum, “Small Cell Virtualization Functional Splits and Use Cases”
-Latency Imbalance:
--2015, iCirrus, “D2.1 iCIRRUS - Intelligent C-RAN Architecture”
--2015, 3GPP, “TS 36.133 LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Requirements for support of radio resource management”
--2016, Nokia, “Evolution to centralized RAN with mobile fronthaul,” 2016.
-Frequency:
--2015, 3GPP, ”TS36.104: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRAN); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception”
--2014, Ericsson AB, Huawei Technologies Co.Ltd, NEC Corporation, Nokia Networks, Alcatel-Lucent, “CPRI Specification V7.0 (2015-10-09): Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) Interface
Specification”
--2015, iCirrus, “D3.1 iCIRRUS - Verification of Ethernet as transport protocol for fronthaul / midhaul
--2016, CPRI, “CPRI functional decomposition requirements”
--2015, China Mobile Research Institute, “White Paper of Next Generation Fronthaul Interface v1.0”
-Phase and timing:
--2015, 3GPP, ”TS36.104: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRAN); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception”
--2015, Ericsson AB, Huawei Technologies Co.Ltd, NEC Corporation, Nokia Networks, Alcatel-Lucent, “CPRI Specification V7.0 (2015-10-09): Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI); Interface
Specification”
--2016, CPRI, “CPRI functional decomposition requirements”
--2015, China Mobile Research Institute, “White Paper of Next Generation Fronthaul Interface v1.0”
--2015, iCirrus, “D3.1 iCIRRUS - Verification of Ethernet as transport protocol for fronthaul / midhaul
-BER:
--2015, NGMN Alliance, “Fronthaul Requirements for C-RAN”
--2015, iCirrus, “D3.1 iCIRRUS - Verification of Ethernet as transport protocol for fronthaul / midhaul
--2015, China Mobile Research Institute, “White Paper of Next Generation Fronthaul Interface v1.0”
--2016, CPRI, “CPRI functional decomposition requirements”
--2016, Nokia, “Evolution to centralized RAN with mobile fronthaul,” 2016.