C2000 for High Intensity
Discharge (HID) Lamp
Shenzhen: Tan Hui
Shanghai: Luo Yanming
Beijing: Tan Hui
C2000 Group
Texas Instruments
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
Types of Lighting Systems
• Incandescent lamps
• Tungsten Halogen Lamps
• Fluorescent lamps
• High pressure sodium lamps
• Low pressure sodium lamps
• Mercury vapour
HID lamps
• Metal halide
• Blended
• LED lamps
© UNEP 2006
Lighting Applications
• Fluorescent ballasts
– Office buildings, Stores, Displays,
Residential houses…
• High Intensity Discharge (HID) ballasts
– Automotive—Headlamp
– Engineering—Plant, Mine, building field, street/road,
market..
– Commercial—gymnasium, landscaping, port, market,..
– Consumer —projector….
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
– Signaling, Automotive, Displays.
D1 Xenon Lamp Basics
D1-type
D1-type xenon lamp
D2-type
Internal circuit of the lamp holder
Electronic Ballasts
•operate at higher frequencies
–40-60 kHz for low-pressure discharge lamps
–100-400 Hz for low wattage HID lamps
–100-130 kHz for high wattage HID lamps
•higher frequency allows smaller size of coils
–avoid interference and resonance in arc
–no stroboscopic effects
•smaller, lighter, more efficient
–more ionised gas
•flux +8..12 % above 10 kHz
Electronic Ballasts
•compensate lamp characteristics
–at start-up: ignition (breakdown) + warm-up
–in steady-state
•sometimes separate start-up device
–higher voltage is less statistical lag time
–often many consequent start-up pulses
•typical HID –ballast
–PFC (power factor correction) + H-bridge
–typically 400 Hz (no resonance) blockwave
Electronic Ballast Advantages
• can allow protection of lamp
– e.g. at end of life, to ensure that if inner tube breaks, no external arc is
established
– based on measuring low or erratic voltages
•
•
•
•
output short-circuit protection
thermal protection within ballast
internal fusing
better colour output
– colour output depends on operating point (power)
• (e.g. ceramic HID)
– maintaining current for optimal operating point
• e.g. 200K over lamp life
• also when lamp is ageing
• also for incoming voltage changes (surges / sags)
• allows dimming
– continuous dimming for 50%-100% of lamp power
• automatically after 15’
warm-up period
• allows integration with domotics (IED)
Power Supply for HID Lamps
• HID lamps require a high ignition voltage
– 1 to 4 kV in cold condition
– up to several tens of kV in hot condition, hot-restrike
– trend mercury-free HID lamps: higher ignition voltages
• characterization of (cold lamp) ignition properties
– = statistical analysis
• characterization of hot-restrike properties
– ballast design
•output voltage, output voltage for a given restrike time…
– given ballast: estimation of restrike time,…
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
HID Control Timing
HID lamp’
s inherent character requires special control. Below profile has to
be follow to ensure lamp’
s proper operation and expected life.
Different control modes for different stages
Complicated timing control
Precision current & Power control
Reliable and prompt startup @ hot & cool lamp
Xenon HID control timing
Automotive HID Ballast Block Diagram
Battery (8V~16VDC)
60~400VDC
Ignitor
Lamp
DC/DC
Half/Full Bridge
PWM Controller
PWM Controller
Regulator
Feedback
Driver
Filter
MCU
Commercial HID Ballast Block Diagram
220VAC
60~400VDC
PFC
Ignitor
Lamp
DC/DC
Half/Full Bridge
PFC Controller
D/D Controller
PWM Controller
Regulator
Driver
Feedback
Filter
PWM
MCU
Analog/Mixed Solution -- not the Best Fit
• Can’
t achieve precision power and current control
• Can’
t achieve close loop control from start up due to MCU’
s low MIPS and
ADC speed
• Can’
t achieve precision P/V control at start up
• Complex DC mood circuit, loose DC mood time and frequency control
• Drift by time, environment and temperature
• Limited flexibility
Power Curve vs. Lamp Voltage
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
C2000™ Digital Signal Controller Portfolio
Higher
Performance
F2833x
Device
Production
Sampling
Development
•Up to 150 MIPS / 300 MFLOPS
•128-512 KB Flash
•6-Channel DMA
•From $13.30
•Available Now!!
F28335
F28234
F28235
F28332
Future
Performance
F28334
F28232
C281x
•150 MIPS
•128-256 KB Flash
•12.5 MSPS ADC
•From $13.85
8 Devices
C281x
Pin to pin compatibility
C280x
C24xTM
10 Devices
LF/C240xA
•40 MIPS
•16-64 KB Flash
•10-bit ADC
•From $2
•60-100 MIPS
•32-256 KB Flash
•150ps PWM
•12 Pin-compatible
devices
•From $3.25
12 Devices
C280x
36 Software Compatible Devices
F2803x
F2802x
TMS320LF2401A
World’
s Smallest 16-bit FLASH Digital Signal Controller
LF2401A
Code security
8K
Sectored
Flash
1K
RAM
 40
Boot
ROM
Peripherals
MIPs
 3.3V
core and I/O



Memory
Program / Data/ I/O Buses (16-bit)
Event
Manager
C2xLP 16-bit DSP Core
Barrel Shifter
Hardware Stack
Accumulator
LF2401A DSP
40 MIPS/32-pin LQFP
Peripherals Bus
Registers
manager
2 GP timers
7 PWM channels
1 capture unit
 10-bit
 8K
ALU
 Event
10-bit
5-channel
ADC
sectored flash
(4K/4K)
 1K
RAM
 Boot
ROM
 Code
security
GPIO
 Watchdog
 13
SCI
Watchdog
Timer
ADC
 5 channels
 500ns minimum
conversion time
 SCI (UART)
Packaging
 Dimensions:
7x7 mm
 Area:
 Pin
49 mm2
pitch: 0.8 mm
timer
muxed GPIOs
Applications
 Ideal
for space
constrained
applications, eg Power
Tools, TEC’
s and
Electronic Cooling
Systems
F2802x Controllers
Key New Features:
RAM
Flash
Boot
ROM
PWM
Capture
Memory Bus
Interrupt Management
Comparators
Peripheral Bus
•40 MHz
•Single 3.3V supply
•12-bit ratio-metric ADC with
individual channel triggers
•2 Analog comparators with 10-bit
reference
•150ps resolution on PWM
Frequency
•Dual on-chip oscillators
•38-pin TSSOP or 44-pin TQFP
packages
•Full software compatibility with
current F280xx devices
Code security
Osc 2
GPIO
SPI
SCI
C28xTM 32-bit DSC
CPU
Osc 1
ADC
I²C
VREG with
BOR/POR
Silicon Available in 4Q08
C2000 ADC Capability
ADC
PWM1
V
Voltage
PWM2
ADC_IN
F24xx
•10 bit resolution
•2 Msamples/sec
•500 ns conv. time
•16 analog channels
•16 state autosequ’
r
•16 deep result buffer
F281x
•12 bit resolution
•12.5 Msamples/sec
•16 analog channels
•Dual sample & Hold
•16 state autosequ’
r
•16 deep result buffer
I
F280x
•12 bit resolution
•6.25 Msamples/sec
•16 analog channels
•Very good AC data
•Offset HW trim. Comp.
•Enhanced SOC trigger
A D C
Signal
Conditioning
Current
F280xx High Resolution PWM
PWM Period
Device Clock
@ 60MHz
Regular
PWM Step
16.7ns
New on Piccolo!
High Resolution PWM
Frequency Modulation with
150ps Steps
High Resolution Duty Cycle
Modulation with 150ps Steps
Note
Dead band generator will have
resolution = 2X CPU Frequency
F280xx Scalable Peripherals
Allow Easy Reuse
Each peripheral module has the same structure
 Resources allocated on a per channel
basis
 Each Channel (module) supports 2
Independent PWM outputs (A&B)
 # Channels easily scaleable –software
reuse!
 Time-base Synch feature for all Channels
 6 modules (12 PWM outputs) on F2808
4 CAP can also be used as PWM
 New features added. Examples:
Phase & Edge control
New counting modes
Independent Deadband
Flexible trip-zones
High Frequency Chopper mode
F280xx Single Channel Overview
Time-Base (TB)
TBPRD Shadow (16)
CTR=ZERO
TBPRD Active (16)
CTR=CMPB
Sync
In/Out
Select
Mux
Disabled
SYNCO
S0 S1
CTR=PRD
16
COUNTER
up / down
s/w forced
sync
Phase EN
SYNCI
(reset)
TBCTR
Active (16)
CTR=ZERO
CTR_Dir







Dedicated Time-Base (timer)
Phase control
Waveform construction via AQM
Indep. RED and FED Deadband
High freq. Chopper module
Flexible Trip-zone allocation
One-Time and Cycle-by-Cycle trip
16
TBPHS Active (16)
Phase
Control
Time Base
CTR=PRD
INTn
CTR=ZERO
CTR=CMPA
Counter Compare (CC)
CTR=CMPB
Event
Trigger &
Interrupt
SOCA
 Dedicated Time-Base (timer)
 Phase control via Phase register
with H/W & S/W sync options
 Count-up, Count-Down, Count U/D
(ET)
SOCB
CTR_Dir
16
CTR=CMPA
Action
Qualifier
(AQ)
16
EPWMA
CMPA Active (16)
CMPA Shadow (16)
16
EPWMxAO
Dead
Band
PWM
Chopper
Trip
Zone
(DB)
(PC)
(TZ)
“
A/
B”PWM
signal paths
CTR=CMPB
EPWMB
EPWMxBO
16
CMPB Active (16)
CMPB Shadow (16)
TZINTn
TZ1 - TZ6
CTR=ZERO
Compare Module
 2 Independent Compare Regs.
 Shadow “
Full”flag
C2000 DPS Software Library
DPS Libs: to build a complete library of software that accelerates customer
development of digital power supplies using C2000 DSCs.
–
–
–
–
–
–
ePWM Demonstration
HRPWM Demonstration
DC/DC Buck Converter
DC/AC Single Phase Inverter
Two-phase PFC
DC/DC Phase-shifted Full-Bridge
SPRC228
SPRC227
SPRC229
SPRC303
SPRC307
SPRC311
Besides DPS Libs:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Digital Motor Control Library (F/C280x)
Communications Driver Library
DSP Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Library
DSP Filter Library
DSP Fixed-Point Math Library
DSP IQ Math Library
DSP Signal Generator Library
DSP Software Test Bench (STB) Library
C280x C/C++ Header Files and Peripheral Examples
SPRC215
SPRC183
SPRC081
SPRC082
SPRC085
SPRC087
SPRC083
SPRC084
SPRC191
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
C2000 HID Ballast Features
Key Features
•16-bit/32-bit, 40~100MHz
•more than 7 independent, enhanced PWMs
with150ps high resolution PWM
•Fast 12-bit ADCs, supporting up to 16 channels
•Fast interrupt handling
•Single chip control solution
System Benefits
•
Lower cost -Single chip control solution (PFC,
Flyback, FB DC/DC, voltage and current regulation,
and dimming).
•
Implement advance control algorithm to save cost
and reduce size (ZVS, ZCS, Quasi-Resonant, LLC)
Processors
•TMS320F280xx
•TMS320LF240x
C2000 Digitally Control
Automotive HID Ballast Block Diagram
60~400VDC
Battery (8~16VDC)
Ignitor
Lamp
DC/DC
Half/Full Bridge
Driver
Driver
Single controller!
PWM
Power
ADC
C2000 DSP
PWM
ADC
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
C2000 Digitally Control
Commercial HID Ballast Block Diagram
220VAC
60~400VDC
PFC
Ignitor
Lamp
DC/DC
Half/Full Bridge
Driver
Driver
Driver
Single controller!
PWM
ADC
ADC
C2000 DSP
Power
•
Reduce Manufacturing Cost
•
One Design, Multiple Supplies
•
Better Performance Across Corners
•
Flexible Failure Prediction
PWM
ADC
TI C2000 PLC Solutions
• Entire system runs on a single F28xx plus line drivers
• Demo systems available (both FSK, BPSK version is ready)
• Other functions/tasks can be integrated, too (Lighting control,
PFC,…).
• Speeds up to 4.5Kbps on one side of a transformer
• Higher speeds available with 3P SW
TMS320F280X
PWM
out
coupling
transformer
powerline
OPA561
12bit
ADC
OPA353
HV cap
surge protector
HID Ballast With PLC
Inverters
Power Factor Correction
line
filter
PFC and
Inverter ADC
inputs
ADC
AC
blocking
cap
OPA353
Receive filter
OPA561
Line Driver
Coupling
transformer
DSP
TMS320C28xx
PWM
Lamps
Agenda
•HID Lamp & Ballast Introduction
•Automotive & Commercial HID Lamp Ballast
•C2000 Features for HID Lamp Ballast
•Automotive HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Commercial HID Lamp Ballast With C2000
•Summary
C2000 Digitally Control Ballast
Low Cost, Small Size, High Efficiency
• Improve performance and reliability
―
―
―
―
Multiple & Full close loop control from start up
High frequency PWM, high bandwidth DC/DC
Centralized control to harmonize different modules
Compensate parameter drift caused from components, loading and working
conditions
― Improve protection flexibility and performance
― Improve control precision, extend lamp life
• Flexible for differential
―
―
―
―
―
Adjustable Warm Up time
Hot and Cool lamp judge
Multiple topology supportable
Adaptive for more lamp type
Spare resource for other function–lamp socket adjustment, Net control –
PLC,DALI…
• IP Protection, Fast time to market…
Thank You!