Tubular Products from Special Metals
For high-performance applications for oil and gas
wells, chemical processing, power generation, and
aerospace – you can depend on Special Metals
tubular products.
More than thirty alloy compositions are available
as seamless tubing, in a wide range of sizes and
finishes, for direct sale, or from appointed distributors with stocks in most of the industrialized
nations of the world.
A range of complementary product forms, such as
U-bent tubing, seam-welded pipe and tube, flanges
and fittings, and internally finned tubing can also
be supplied.
Seamless Pipe & Tubing
• As-extruded < 10 in (254 mm) OD
• Cold-worked 0.5 in (13 mm) OD tubing
through 8⁵₈ in (219 mm) OD pipe
• ID-finned tubing
• U-bent condenser tubing
Seam-Welded Pipe & Tubing
Available from specialist manufacturers of welded
tubulars, rolled and welded from high-performance
alloy plate, sheet and strip made by Special Metals.
Sizes range from small diameter hydraulic tubing
to large diameter pipe welded from hot-rolled plate.
Contents
4 The Alloy Range for Seamless Pipe and Tubing
6 Total Quality Tubing
8 Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties
14 Specialty Complementary Products
17 Forming of Tube and Pipe
Publication No. SMC-009
© Special Metals Corporation, 2001
20 Welding and Fabrication
22 Calculated Weights of Tubular Products
MONEL, INCONEL, INCOLOY
INCOCLAD, NIMONIC, NILO, INCO-WELD,
601GC, 686CPT, 725NDUR and 800HT
are trademarks of the
Special Metals Corporation
group of companies.
2
24 Weights and Pressure Ratings of Tubing
and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
26 Standard Pipe Sizes and Service Pressure
Production
Capability
COLD WORKED
Outside Diameter (mm)
100
150
200
250
300
20
0.6
15
0.4
10
0.2
5
2
4
6
8
10
12
250
300
Wall Thickness (mm)
Wall Thickness (inches)
50
0.8
The charts provide an indication
of the combined capabilities of
the Special Metals mills in the
USA and Europe. This information is presented for guidance
only. Sizes outside these ranges
may be available to special
inquiry. The size ranges charted
cannot be applied to all the tubular products. Alloy compositions
and processing characteristics,
for example, influence the sizes
that are available.
Outside Diameter (inches)
EXTRUDED
Wall Thickness (inches)
100
150
200
1.4
35
1.2
30
1.0
25
0.8
20
0.6
15
0.4
10
0.2
5
2
4
6
8
10
Wall Thickness (mm)
Outside Diameter (mm)
50
12
Outside Diameter (inches)
3
The Alloy Range for
Seamless Pipe and Tubing
UNS
WERKSTOFF NR.
Nickel 200
N02200
2.4066
Nickel 201
N02201
2.4068
MONEL alloy 400
N04400
2.4360
INCONEL alloy 600
N06600
2.4816
INCONEL alloy 601
N06601
2.4851
–
–
INCONEL alloy 617
N06617
2.4663
INCONEL alloy 625
N06625
2.4856
INCONEL alloy 686
N06686
2.4606
INCONEL alloy 690
N06690
2.4642
ALLOY
INCONEL alloy 601GC
–
–
INCONEL alloy 725
N07725
–
INCONEL alloy C-276
N10276
2.4819
INCONEL alloy G-3
N06985
2.4619
INCONEL alloy 050
N06950
–
INCOLOY alloy 800
N08800
1.4876
INCOLOY alloy 800H
N08810
1.4876 / 1.4958
INCOLOY alloy 800HT
N08811
1.4876 / 1.4959
INCOLOY alloy 803
S35045
–
INCOLOY alloy 825
N08825
2.4858
INCOLOY alloy 890
–
–
INCOLOY alloy 925
N09925
–
INCOLOY alloy 020
N08020
2.4660
INCOLOY alloy 028
N08028
1.4563
Specifications
NIMONIC alloy 75
N06075
2.4951
NIMONIC alloy 80A
N07080
2.4952
The Special Metals seamless
tubular products meet the
requirements of the appropriate
NIMONIC alloy 263
N07263
2.4650
NIMONIC alloy PE16
–
–
NILO alloy 36
K93600 / K93601
1.3912
NILO alloy 42
K94100
1.3917
NILO alloy 48
K94800
1.3922, 1.3926, 1.3927
NILO alloy K
K96410
1.3981
• ASTM • ASME • SAE AMS
• AECMA • British Standard
• DIN Specifications
4
INCONEL alloy 693
5
Total Quality Tubing
Special Metals seamless tubular products are
made to the highest quality standards in the
industry, and have been proven in some of the
most arduous service environments.
The general engineering alloys are air-melted and
AOD refined. Superalloy tubing is vacuum induction melted. Tubular products can be remelted
and refined by vacuum arc or electroslag processes.
Primary hot working operations for billets include
rolling, forging and extrusion, followed by cold
working, tube reducing (pilgering) or drawing,
according to the alloy, size and finish required
by the customer.
Strict quality controls are applied at every processing stage, all described and published in
quality assurance procedures. The manufacturing
history of every product is fully traceable. Testing
facilities for the tubular products include ultrasonic,
hydrostatic, eddy current, and boroscope/
intrascope.
State-of-the-art production equipment is backed
up by computer-based inquiry and order processing systems. Commercial and technical specialists
track every order through every processing
operation. Up-to-the-minute information on order
status is available from the computer systems.
Technical assistance on alloy evalution and selection for specific applications is available from
Special Metals, the world’s most experienced
producer of high-performance nickel-base alloys.
Computer-controlled forging
Tube straightening
6
Air melting and AOD refining
Electroslag remelting
Pickling
Tube reducing
(pilgering)
Ultrasonic testing
Computer-controlled extrusion
Trepanned billets
7
Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties
SPECIFICATION
ALLOY
Number
Temper
(outside diameter)
Size
ksi
MPa
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
55
380
stress-relieved
≤3 in (76 mm)
65
450
annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
55
55
380
380
stress-relieved
all sizes
65
450
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
50
345
stress-relieved
≤3 in (76 mm)
60
414
annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
50
50
345
345
stress-relieved
all sizes
60
415
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
70
480
stress-relieved
≤3 in (76 mm)
85
585
annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
70
70
480
480
stress-relieved
all sizes
85
585
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
80
550
ASTM B 167
hot-worked or
hot-worked & annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
80
75
550
515
cold-worked & annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
80
80
550
550
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
80
550
ASTM B 167
cold-worked & annealed or
hot-worked & annealed
all sizes
80
550
No Specification
annealed
all sizes
80
550
INCONEL alloy 617
ASTM B 167
cold-worked & annealed or
hot-worked & annealed
all sizes
95
655
INCONEL alloy 625
ASTM B 444
annealed (Grade 1)
>0.5 in (13 mm)
120
827
solution-annealed
(Grade 2)
>0.5 in (13 mm)
100
690
Nickel 200
ASTM B 161
Nickel 201
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 161
MONEL alloy 400
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 165
INCONEL alloy 600
INCONEL alloy 601
INCONEL alloy 601GC
8
TENSILE STRENGTH
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH
ELONGATION
ksi
MPa
%
15
105
40
40
275
15
15
12
105
80
35
40
40
275
15
12
80
40
30
205
15
12
10
80
70
35
40
30
205
15
28
195
35
55
380
15
28
25
195
170
35
35
55
380
15
35
240
30
30
25
205
170
35
35
35
30
240
205
30
35
30
205
30
30
205
30
30
205
30
35
240
30
60
414
30
40
275
30
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS
B65 max
B62 max
B75 max
9
Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties (continued)
TENSILE STRENGTH
SPECIFICATION
ALLOY
Size
ksi
MPa
solution-annealed
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in
(13 – 89 mm)
100
690
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
85
585
ASTM B 167
hot-worked or
hot-worked & annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
85
75
585
515
cold-worked & annealed
≤5 in (127 mm)
>5 in (127 mm)
85
85
585
585
Number
Temper
INCONEL alloy 686
ASTM B 622
INCONEL alloy 690
(outside diameter)
INCONEL alloy 693
ASTM B 167
(Pending)
annealed
all sizes
80
550
INCONEL alloy 725
ASME Code
Case 2217
solution-annealed
and aged
all sizes
150
1034
OCTG*
solution-annealed
and aged
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
150
1034
ASTM B 622
solution-annealed
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in
(13 – 89 mm)
100
690
OCTG*
as-drawn
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
ASTM B 622
solution-annealed
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in
(13 – 89 mm)
90
621
OCTG*
as-drawn
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
INCONEL alloy 050
OCTG*
as-drawn
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
INCOLOY alloy 800
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
75
520
ASTM B 407
cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 6 ⁵⁄₈ in
(13 – 168 mm)
75
520
hot-finished annealed
or hot-finished
2 ¹⁄₂ – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(64 – 235 mm)
65
450
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
65
450
ASTM B 407
hot-finished & annealed
or cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
65
450
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
65
450
ASTM B 407
hot-finished annealed
or cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(12.7 – 235 mm)
65
450
INCONEL alloy C-276
INCONEL alloy G-3
INCOLOY alloy 800H
INCOLOY alloy 800HT
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.
10
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH
ELONGATION
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS
ksi
MPa
%
45
310
45
35
240
30
30
25
205
170
35
35
35
30
240
205
30
35
35
240
30
120
827
20
120 *
827
20
41
283
40
125 *
862
13
35
240
40
125 *
862
13
C 39 max
125 *
862
13
C 38 max
30
205
30
30
205
30
25
170
30
25
170
30
25
170
30
25
170
30
25
170
30
C 40 max
C 45 max
11
Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties (continued)
TENSILE STRENGTH
SPECIFICATION
ALLOY
INCOLOY alloy 803
INCOLOY alloy 825
Size
ksi
MPa
annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
70
480
ASTM A 269
& A 312
annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
70
480
ASTM B 163
annealed
≤3 in (76 mm)
85
585
OCTG*
as-drawn
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
ASTM B 423
hot-finished & annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
75
520
cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 8 ⁵⁄₈ in
(13 – 219 mm)
85
586
Number
Temper
ASME Section VIII
Division I,
Code Case Pending
(outside diameter)
INCOLOY alloy 890
ASTM B 407
(Pending)
hot-finished & annealed or
cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
75
520
INCOLOY alloy 925
ASME Code
Case 2218
solution-annealed
and aged
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
140
965
OCTG*
solution-annealed
and aged
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
INCOLOY alloy 020
ASTM B 729
annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
80
550
INCOLOY alloy 028
ASTM B 668
solution-annealed
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in
(13 – 235 mm)
73
500
OCTG*
as-drawn
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in
(60 – 178 mm)
130
896
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.
12
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH
ELONGATION
ksi
MPa
%
25
170
35
25
170
35
35
240
30
110 *
758
16
25
170
30
35
241
30
30
205
35
105
724
18
110 *
724
18
35
240
30
31
214
40
110 *
758
15
ROCKWELL
HARDNESS
B 100 max
C 35 max
C 38 max
C 33 max
13
Specialty Complementary Products
Special Metals makes seamless pipe and tubing at
its main production facilities in the USA and in
the UK. For some applications, like U-bent or ID
finned tubing, or co-extruded combinations of
alloys, it adds an “engineered” element to the
final product form.
As part of its customer service it provides links
to specialist manufacturers such as the producers
of seam-welded tubing made from plate, sheet
or strip; suppliers of bends, elbows, joints and
fittings; and redrawers of fine precision tubing.
For some applications, package bids include
seamless tubulars along with related specialty
items.
Pipes and fittings for a nuclear
power plant rolled and welded
from INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO plate.
Age-hardened, high strength, corrosionresistant INCOLOY alloy 925 tubing
has been made at 8.5 in (216 mm) OD,
0.75 in (19 mm) wall, in lengths up
to 30 ft (9.14 m). With a yield strength
of 110 ksi (758 MPa), this product is of
value for oil-well completion equipment.
14
ID finned, cold finished tubing in
INCOLOY alloy 803 developed for
pyrolysis tubing in high-severity
ethylene furnaces.
Packaging U-bent heat-exchanger
tubing in MONEL alloy 400.
Samples of precision tubing in oxide dispersion
strengthened INCOLOY alloy MA956. Sizes range
from 5 mm (0.2 in) OD x 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wall to
13 mm (0.5 in) OD x 1 mm (0.04 in) wall.
15
Specialty Complementary Products (continued)
A section through an INCOCLAD 671/800HT
co-extruded tube for superheater and reheater
tubing in power utilities. It offers the resistance to metal wastage corrosion of INCONEL
alloy 671 as the outside cladding, combined
with the high-temperature strength and corrosion-resistance of the INCOLOY alloy 800HT
substrate.
Seam-welded pipe and tubing, rolled
and welded from heat- and corrosionresistant alloy plate, sheet and strip, is
available from specialist manufacturers.
This specialty product from
Special Metals in the UK
is small diameter nickelchromium alloy seamless
tubing for thermocouple
sheathing.
U-bent tubing in the
latest high-performance
corrosion-resistant alloy
(INCONEL alloy 686),
drawn down to 1.1 in
(26.7 mm) OD x 0.1 in
(2.8 mm) wall, with
bend radii of 2 to 6.5 in
(50 to 165 mm).
16
Seam-welded pipe in MONEL alloy 400
for a fertilizer processing plant
in the Middle East – up to
30 in (760 mm) OD, welded from
19.6 ft (6 m) long alloy plate.
Bend, elbows and fittings in heat- and
corrosion-resistant alloys are available
from specialist manufacturers.
Forming of Tube and Pipe
All common forming operations such as bending,
coiling and expanding can readily be performed
on tube and pipe made by Special Metals. In general, material in the annealed condition is recommended. MONEL alloy 400, Nickel 200 and Nickel
201 can be formed in the stress-relieved temper.
However, the amount of deformation will be limited by the higher tensile strength and lower ductility. In bending, the minimum radius to which
stress-relieved tubing can be bent is 25 - 50%
greater than for annealed tubing of the same size.
Bending and Coiling
Standard methods of bending include ram or
press bending, roll bending, stationary-die bending, and rotating-die bending. Tubing and pipe of
the MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY alloys are
readily bent by any of these procedures.
An important precaution to observe in all bending
is to allow maximum radii to ensure that applied
stresses are as evenly distributed as possible.
The minimum radii to which nickel alloy tubing
can be bent by various methods are given in the
table on this page which should be used as a guide
to general limitations. Depending on equipment
design, tube size and quality of the finished bend,
it is possible to bend to smaller radii than those
listed. However, when smaller radii are necessary,
trial bends should be made to determine if the
desired bend is possible.
Bending without Mandrels or Fillers
In bending with no internal support, the dies
should be slightly smaller than those used with
a mandrel or filler. Bending without use of a mandrel or filler is suitable only for tube and pipe that
have a wall thickness greater than 7% of the outside diameter, or for bends of large radii. Nickel
alloy tube in sizes within the above ratio can be
bent with no mandrel or filler to a minimum
mean radius three times the outside diameter
of the tube (3D) through 180 degrees.
Bending with Mandrels or Fillers
Thin-wall tubing may be bent to small radii without
wrinkling by use of a mandrel or filler. Thin-wall tubing
in high nickel alloys may be mandrel-bent through
180 degrees to a minimum radius of 2D.
To minimize galling of the inside surface of the tube,
mandrels should be made of hard alloy bronze rather
than steel. Steel mandrels may be used but should be
chromium plated to reduce galling.
Mandrels must be lubricated before use. Lubricants of
extreme-pressure, chlorinated oil are best for severe
bending. For less severe bending or for ease of removal,
water-soluble lubricants are used.
Any of the standard filler materials such as sand, resin,
and low-melting-point alloys may be used. Sand is
the least desirable because it is difficult to pack tightly
and can lead to the formation of wrinkles or kinks
during bending.
Low-melting-alloy fillers produce the best bends. Their
expansion characteristics ensure that voids are eliminated and a sound center is created. Alloy fillers are
removed by heating the bent tube in steam or hot
water. Metallic fillers must not be removed by direct
torch heating since they contain elements such as
lead, tin, and bismuth which will embrittle the highnickel alloys at elevated temperatures. It is imperative
that all traces of metallic fillers are removed before
fabrication and service.
Method of
Bending
Minimum Mean
Bend Radius
Maximum
Included
Angle of Bend
(degrees)
Press Bending
Unfilled Tube
6 x OD
120
Roll Bending
Filled Tube
4 x OD
360
Stationary Die,
Unfilled Tube
2 ¹₂ x OD
180
Stationary Die,
Filled Tube or
Using Mandrel
2 x OD
180
Rotating Die,
Unfilled Tube
3 x OD
180
Rotating Die,
Filled Tube or
Using Mandrel
2 x OD
180
17
Forming of Tube and Pipe
(continued)
Press Bending
Roll Bending
Press or ram bending, in which the tube is held
by two supporting dies and a force is applied
between the dies (see Figure 1), is normally used
only for heavy-wall tubing where some flattening
is tolerable. This method does not provide close
tolerances and is applicable only to large radius
bends. The bend is limited to 120 degrees, and
the radius of the bend should not be less than
six times the outside diameter of the tube. A filler
material should be used if bends of radii less
than 6 x OD are to be made.
Roll bending (Figure 2) is the principal method
of producing helical coils, spirals, and circular
configurations since an included angle of 360
degrees can be obtained. Bending may be done
on either unfilled or filled tube. The minimum
bend radius for unfilled tube is approximately
six times the outside diameter of the tube.
Pressure blocks used in press bending should be
at least twice the outside diameter of the tube in
length. Press bending with wing dies is used for
unfilled, thin-wall, large-diameter tube.
Annealed tubing is not always preferred for press
bending. Annealed tubing of low base hardness
does not have sufficient stiffness to withstand
deformation without excessive flattening.
Consequently, nickel and the MONEL nickelcopper alloys are usually press bent in the stressrelieved temper. The chromium-containing
INCOLOY and INCONEL alloys have higher
mechanical properties in the annealed condition
than nickel and the nickel-copper alloys and
should be press-bent in the annealed temper.
Ideally, the choice of temper for a specific bend
is determined by several trial bends.
Stationary-die Bending
Stationary-die bending (Figure 3) utilizes a stationary bending die and a movable pressure die.
This method is not suitable for thin-wall tubing
and is generally used with no mandrel support.
Stationary-die bending can produce bend radii
down to 2¹₂ x OD but is normally used only for
large-radius bends. The maximum included
angle that can be produced is 180 degrees.
Rotating-die Bending
Rotating-die bending is the most common bending process and is the preferred method for
bending nickel alloy tube. The process is similar
to stationary-die bending except that the bending
die revolves and the wiper block remains stationary.
Rotating-die bending machines may have either
a fixed wiper block (Figure 4) or a sliding wiper
block (Figure 5). The sliding wiper block is preferred because it distributes the applied stresses
more evenly.
Support Post
Rotating
Bending Die
Tube
Ram
Way
Tube
Tube
Power-Driven
Rolls
Movable
Pressure Die
Clamp
Pressure Block
Figure 1 – Equipment for
press bending
Rotating
Bending Die
Figure 2 – Roll bending. The bend radius
is controlled by raising or
lowering the top roll
Tube
Rotating
Bending Die
Figure 3 – Stationary-die bending
Tube
Sliding Wiper
Block
Stationary
Wiper Block
Clamp
Figure 4 – Rotating-die bending with stationary wiper block
18
Clamp
Figure 5 – Rotating-die bending with sliding wiper block
Tubing can be bent as much as 180 degrees with
a minimum radius of 2 x OD by rotary bending.
Although bending can be done without a mandrel,
a mandrel is generally preferred and must be used
when the ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness
is above the limit suitable for bending without
wrinkling or collapsing of the tube. Various types
of mandrel are used including ball and straightplug types.
Expanding Heat-exchanger Tube
Tubing of the MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY
alloys can be expanded into tube sheets by any
conventional method. Some design factors which
must be taken into consideration in expanding or
rolling tubing include thickness of the tube sheet,
wall thickness of the tube, tube spacing or ligament between tube-sheet holes, rolling practice,
clearance between tube and hole, and the relative
hardnesses of the tubes and tube sheets. If an
unfamiliar design is being used, trial tests should
be performed to determine if difficulties may be
encountered in expanding.
The oversize allowance on tube-sheet holes to the
nominal outside diameter of the tube should be
kept to a minimum. The tube-sheet hole should
be 0.004 to 0.008 in (0.10 to 0.20 mm) larger
than the nominal outside diameter of the tube
for tubing less than 1¹₂ in (38 mm) OD. For larger
tubing the oversize-allowance should be 0.009 to
0.010 in (0.23 to 0.25 mm).
Procedure
Expanding may be done by drifting with sectional
expanders or, preferably, by rolling with threeroll expanders. The ends of rolled-in tubing are
flared in the conventional manner.
The tube-sheet hole and both the outside and
inside surfaces of the tube must be free of all
matter such as oxide, dirt and oil. The ends of
the tube should also be deburred before rolling.
Lubrication should be provided between the
rollers of the tool and the inside surface of the
tube. Any sulfur-free mineral oil or lard oil, either
diluted or straight, may be used. Lubricants that
contain embrittling or contaminating elements
such as sulfur or lead should be avoided because
of the difficulty of cleaning the finished assembly.
Material Temper
The tube sheet should be harder than the tube
being rolled into it, otherwise springback in the
tube may be greater than in the tube sheet, causing
a gap between the two when the expanding tool is
removed. For that reason, tube sheets are usually
supplied in the as-rolled or as-forged temper and
tube in the annealed temper. It is particularly
important for the tube sheet to be harder than
the tube when the sheet is thinner than the outside diameter of the tube or when the tubes are
closely spaced. Tubes are closely spaced when
the tube-sheet ligament is less than the greater
of 25% of the outside diameter or ¹₄ in (6 mm).
Stress-relieved tubing may be slightly harder
than the tube sheet but can be expanded to form
a satisfactory connection if greater care is exercised in expanding. For greater assurance of pressure tightness, a seal weld may be placed around
the end of the tube after expanding. The stressrelieved temper is suitable for either welding
or silver brazing.
If rolling of stress-relieved tube appears to be a
marginal operation, the problem can often be
remedied by using annealed tube or stressrelieved tube with the ends annealed. Stressrelieved, end-annealed tubing combines the
strength advantage of stress-relieved material
with the ease of fabrication of annealed material.
Tubing in the annealed condition is used when
optimum rolling or expanding characteristics are
desired or when severe cold-bending and flaring
are to be done.
Miscellaneous Forming Operations
Flanging, bulging, swaging, and other expanding
or reducing operations can be readily performed
on tube and pipe of the high-nickel alloys. Many
such operations are variations of those discussed
in this section, and comments made on specific
operations will also apply to the variations.
Extremely severe or complex forming operations
may require that the material be given one or
more intermediate anneals to prevent rupturing
from excessive cold work.
Controlled rolling equipment should be used to
prevent over-expanding the tubes. Over-expanding may distort the tube sheet and plastically
deform the tube-sheet ligaments, causing loosefitting tubes. This is particularly true when the
tube has a higher hardness than the tube sheet
or a significantly higher work-hardening rate.
19
Welding and Fabrication
For many applications, the corrosion- and
heat-resistant tubular products have to be
fabricated and welded. The MONEL, INCONEL
and INCOLOY alloy products are amenable
to these processes. Full details on processes
and techniques can be obtained from our website,
www.specialmetals.com, or from any of our
offices listed on the back of this publication.
Matched composition welding electrodes and
filler metals are available for many of the tubular
products. The main examples are listed below.
Where a choice is indicated, the selection should
be made to suit the welding process and/or the
service conditions. Advice on the optimum
selection is available.
ALLOY
WELDING ELECTRODE
FILLER METAL
Nickel 200 & 201
Nickel 141
Nickel 61
MONEL alloy 400
MONEL 190
MONEL 60
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 625
INCONEL alloy 600
INCONEL 117
INCONEL 62
INCONEL 132
INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182
INCONEL 617
INCO-WELD A
INCO-WELD B
INCONEL alloy 601
INCONEL alloy 601GC
INCONEL 117
INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182
INCONEL 601
INCO-WELD A
INCONEL 617
INCONEL 117
INCONEL 82
INCO-WELD A
INCONEL 601
INCONEL 617
20
ALLOY
INCONEL alloy 617
INCONEL alloy 625
WELDING ELECTRODE
INCONEL 117
FILLER METAL
INCONEL 617
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 622
INCONEL 122
INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 686
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 690
INCONEL 152
INCONEL 52
INCONEL 72
INCONEL alloy 693
Consult SMC
Welding Products Co.
INCONEL alloy 725
INCONEL alloy C-276
INCONEL alloy G-3
INCONEL alloy 050
INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCONEL C-276
INCONEL C-276
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCOLOY alloys 800,
INCO-WELD A
INCONEL 82
800H & 800HT
INCONEL 117
INCONEL 617
INCOLOY alloy 803
INCONEL 117 s
INCONEL 152 c
INCONEL 617 s
INCONEL 52 c
INCOLOY alloy 825
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL 117 s
INCONEL 152 c
INCONEL 617s
INCONEL 52 c
INCOLOY alloy 890
INCOLOY alloy 925
INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCOLOY alloy 020
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 625
INCOLOY alloy 028
INCONEL 112
INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCO-WELD 686CPT
NIMONIC alloy 75
INCO-WELD A
NC 80/20
INCONEL 117
INCONEL 82
INCONEL 617
NIMONIC alloy 80A
NIMONIC alloy 263
NIMONIC 263
NIMONIC alloy PE 16
INCO-WELD 725NDUR
NILO alloys
Nickel 141
Nickel 61
36, 42 & 48
INCO-WELD A
INCONEL 82
NILO CF36
NILO CF42
NILO alloy K
NILO CF36
NILO CF42
c For corrosion limited applications
s For strength limited applications
21
Calculated Weights of Tubular Products
The table on page 23 shows calculated weights for
cold-worked and extruded tubing and ASA
Schedule pipe, in lb/ft and kg/m. Note that, in
practice, small differences can occur due to variations in dimensions within permitted tolerances.
Calculated Weights
To determine the weight in pounds per linear foot
or kilograms per linear meter of seamless tube or
pipe, use the calculations on page 23.
• When the O.D. is given, subtract the
wall thickness from the O.D., multiply
by the wall thickness, then multiply
by the factors on page 23.
• When the I.D. is given, add the wall
thickness to the I.D., multiply by the
wall thickness, then multiply by the
factors on page 23.
22
FACTOR (FOR LB/FT)
FACTOR (FOR KG/M)
Nickel 200
12.101
0.02792
Nickel 201
12.101
0.02792
MONEL alloy 400
11.988
0.02765
INCONEL alloy 600
11.536
0.02661
INCONEL alloy 601
11.046
0.02548
INCONEL alloy 601GC
11.046
0.02548
INCONEL alloy 617
11.385
0.02626
INCONEL alloy 625
11.498
0.02652
INCONEL alloy 686
11.875
0.02739
INCONEL alloy 690
11.159
0.02573
INCONEL alloy 693
10.556
0.02435
INCONEL alloy 725
11.310
0.02608
INCONEL alloy C-276
12.101
0.02793
INCONEL alloy G-3
11.084
0.02557
INCONEL alloy 050
11.4372
0.02638
INCOLOY alloy 800
10.820
0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800H
10.820
0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800HT
10.820
0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 803
10.707
0.02469
INCOLOY alloy 825
11.084
0.02557
INCOLOY alloy 890
10.820
0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 925
10.970
0.02538
ALLOY
INCOLOY alloy 020
10.970
0.02529
INCOLOY alloy 028
10.9476
0.02525
NIMONIC alloy 75
11.385
0.02630
NIMONIC alloy 80A
11.159
0.02573
NIMONIC alloy 263
11.385
0.02626
NIMONIC alloy PE16
10.933
0.02520
NILO alloy 36
11.046
0.02548
NILO alloy 42
11.046
0.02548
NILO alloy 48
11.046
0.02548
NILO alloy K
11.121
0.02564
Example 1
To find the foot weight of a
7 in O.D. x 0.362 inch average wall tube
in INCOLOY alloy 825:
7.000 O.D.
– 0.362 wall
6.638 x 0.362 x 11.084 = 26.634 lb/ft
Example 2
To find the meter weight of a
180 mm O.D. x 9 mm average wall tube
in INCOLOY alloy 825:
–
180.0 O.D.
9.0 wall
171.0 x 9.0 x 0.02557 = 39.35 kg/m
23
Weights and Pressure Ratings
of Tubing and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
in
mm
24
2³₈
60.3
2⁷₈
73.0
3¹₂
88.9
4
101.6
4¹₂
114.3
5
127.0
5¹₂
139.7
6⁵₈
168.3
7
177.8
WALL
THICKNESS
in
mm
0.190
0.254
0.336
0.217
0.276
0.308
0.340
0.440
0.254
0.289
0.375
0.476
0.262
0.330
0.415
0.500
0.271
0.290
0.337
0.430
0.500
0.560
0.253
0.296
0.362
0.422
0.478
0.500
0.560
0.275
0.304
0.361
0.415
0.288
0.352
0.417
0.475
0.272
0.317
0.362
0.408
0.453
0.498
0.540
4.83
6.45
8.53
5.51
7.01
7.82
8.64
11.18
6.45
7.34
9.52
12.09
6.65
8.38
10.54
12.70
6.88
7.37
8.56
10.92
12.70
14.22
6.43
7.52
9.19
10.72
12.14
12.70
14.22
6.98
7.72
9.17
10.54
7.32
8.94
10.59
12.06
6.91
8.05
9.19
10.36
11.51
12.65
13.72
NOMINAL WEIGHT, CALCULATED PLAIN-END WEIGHT
THREADS AND
INCOLOY alloy 825,
INCONEL
COUPLING
INCONEL alloy G-3
alloy C-276
lb/ft
kg/m
lb/ft
kg/m
lb/ft
kg/m
4.60
5.80
7.70
6.40
7.80
8.60
9.50
11.65
9.20
10.20
12.70
15.80
11.00
13.40
15.89
19.00
12.60
13.50
15.50
19.20
21.60
24.60
13.00
15.00
18.00
20.80
23.20
24.10
27.00
15.50
17.00
20.00
23.00
20.00
24.00
28.00
32.00
20.00
23.00
26.00
29.00
32.00
35.00
38.00
6.85
8.63
11.46
9.52
11.61
12.80
14.14
17.34
13.69
15.18
18.90
23.51
16.37
19.94
23.65
28.28
18.75
20.09
23.07
28.57
32.14
36.61
19.35
22.32
26.79
30.95
34.53
35.86
40.18
23.07
25.30
29.76
34.23
29.76
35.72
41.67
47.62
29.76
34.23
38.69
43.16
47.62
52.09
56.55
4.60
5.97
7.59
6.38
7.95
8.76
9.54
11.87
9.13
10.27
12.98
15.95
10.85
13.42
16.49
19.40
12.70
13.52
15.54
19.40
22.17
24.45
13.31
15.43
18.61
21.41
23.96
24.94
27.55
15.92
17.50
20.56
23.39
20.23
24.47
28.70
32.39
20.28
23.49
26.63
29.81
32.87
35.89
38.66
6.85
8.88
11.30
9.49
11.83
13.04
14.20
17.66
13.59
15.28
19.32
23.74
16.15
19.97
24.54
28.87
18.90
20.12
23.13
28.87
32.99
36.39
19.81
22.96
27.69
31.86
35.66
37.11
41.00
23.69
26.04
30.60
34.81
30.11
36.42
42.71
48.20
30.18
34.96
39.63
44.36
48.92
53.41
57.53
5.02
6.52
8.29
6.97
8.68
9.56
10.42
12.96
9.97
11.22
14.17
17.41
11.85
14.65
18.01
21.18
13.87
14.76
16.97
21.18
24.20
26.70
14.53
16.85
20.32
23.38
26.16
27.23
30.08
17.38
19.11
22.45
25.53
22.09
26.72
31.33
35.36
22.15
25.64
29.08
32.55
35.89
39.18
42.21
7.47
9.70
12.34
10.37
12.92
14.23
15.51
19.29
14.84
16.70
21.09
25.91
17.63
21.80
26.80
31.52
20.64
21.97
25.25
31.52
36.01
39.73
21.62
25.08
30.24
34.79
38.93
40.52
44.76
25.86
28.44
33.41
37.99
32.87
39.76
46.62
52.62
32.96
38.16
43.28
48.44
53.41
58.31
62.82
YIELD STRENGTH: 110,000 psi (758 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 125,000 psi (862 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 130,000 psi (896 MPa)
COLLAPSE
INTERNAL YIELD
COLLAPSE
INTERNAL YIELD
COLLAPSE
INTERNAL YIELD
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
PRESSURE
1000 psi MPa
1000 psi MPa
1000 psi MPa
1000 psi MPa
1000 psi MPa
1000 psi MPa
16.13
21.01
26.72
14.55
19.09
21.04
22.94
28.52
13.53
16.67
21.05
25.85
11.06
16.65
20.46
24.06
9.21
10.68
14.34
19.01
19.80
23.97
5.84
8.85
13.47
17.00
19.02
19.80
21.88
5.63
7.48
11.10
14.54
4.03
6.73
10.16
13.20
2.98
4.44
6.23
8.53
10.78
13.03
15.11
111.2
144.9
184.2
100.3
131.6
145.1
158.2
196.6
93.3
114.9
145.1
178.2
76.3
114.8
141.1
165.9
63.5
73.6
98.9
131.1
136.5
165.3
40.3
61.0
92.9
117.2
131.1
136.5
150.9
38.8
51.6
76.5
100.3
27.8
46.4
70.1
91.0
20.5
30.6
43.0
58.8
74.3
89.8
104.2
15.40
20.59
27.23
14.53
18.48
20.62
22.77
29.46
13.97
15.89
20.62
26.18
12.61
15.88
19.97
24.06
11.59
12.41
14.42
18.39
19.25
23.96
9.74
11.40
13.94
16.25
18.40
19.25
21.56
9.63
10.64
12.63
14.52
8.37
10.23
12.12
13.80
7.48
8.72
9.95
11.22
12.46
13.69
14.85
106.2
142.0
187.7
100.2
127.4
142.2
157.0
203.1
96.3
109.6
142.2
180.5
86.9
109.5
137.7
165.9
79.9
85.6
99.4
126.8
132.7
165.2
67.2
78.6
96.1
112.0
126.9
132.7
148.7
66.4
73.4
87.1
100.1
57.7
70.5
83.6
95.2
51.6
60.1
68.6
77.4
85.9
94.4
102.4
17.90
23.88
30.36
16.07
21.70
23.91
26.07
32.41
14.89
18.94
23.92
29.38
12.03
18.92
23.24
27.34
9.89
11.60
15.84
21.61
22.50
27.24
6.05
9.48
14.82
19.32
21.68
22.50
24.86
5.89
7.89
12.08
16.06
4.17
7.02
10.99
14.55
2.98
4.65
6.45
9.11
11.71
14.31
16.76
123.4
164.7
209.3
110.8
149.6
164.9
179.8
223.4
102.7
130.6
164.9
202.6
82.9
130.5
160.2
188.5
68.2
80.0
109.2
149.0
155.1
187.8
41.7
65.4
102.2
133.2
149.5
155.1
171.4
40.6
54.4
83.3
110.7
28.8
48.4
75.8
100.3
20.5
32.1
44.5
62.8
80.7
98.7
115.6
17.50
23.39
30.95
16.51
21.00
23.43
25.87
33.84
15.87
18.06
23.44
29.75
13.33
18.05
22.69
27.34
13.17
14.10
16.38
20.90
21.88
27.22
11.07
12.95
15.84
18.46
20.91
21.88
24.50
10.94
12.09
14.36
16.51
9.51
11.62
13.77
15.68
8.50
9.91
11.31
12.75
14.16
15.56
16.87
120.7
161.3
213.4
113.8
144.8
161.5
178.4
233.3
109.4
124.5
161.6
205.1
91.9
124.5
156.4
188.5
90.8
97.2
112.9
144.1
150.9
187.7
76.3
89.3
109.2
127.3
144.2
150.9
168.9
75.4
83.4
99.0
113.8
65.6
80.1
94.9
108.1
58.6
68.3
78.0
87.9
97.6
107.3
116.3
18.47
24.83
31.58
16.56
22.56
24.87
27.11
33.70
15.33
19.56
24.87
30.55
12.33
19.53
24.17
28.44
10.09
11.88
16.31
22.47
23.40
28.31
6.16
9.66
15.25
20.09
22.48
23.40
25.86
5.99
8.00
12.39
16.55
4.20
7.09
11.25
14.95
2.98
4.69
6.49
9.27
12.00
14.72
17.26
127.4
171.2
217.7
114.2
155.6
171.5
186.9
232.4
105.7
134.9
171.5
210.6
85.0
134.7
166.7
196.1
69.6
81.9
112.5
154.9
161.3
195.2
42.5
66.6
105.1
138.5
155.0
161.3
178.3
41.3
55.2
85.4
114.1
29.0
48.9
77.6
103.1
20.5
32.3
44.7
63.9
82.7
101.4
119.0
18.20
24.33
32.19
17.17
21.84
24.37
26.90
34.82
16.51
18.78
24.37
30.94
14.40
18.77
23.60
28.44
13.70
14.66
17.04
21.74
22.75
26.83
11.51
13.47
16.47
19.20
21.75
22.75
25.48
11.38
12.58
14.93
17.17
9.89
12.09
14.32
16.31
8.84
10.30
11.76
13.26
14.72
16.18
17.55
125.5
167.8
222.0
118.4
150.6
168.0
185.5
240.1
113.8
129.5
168.0
213.3
99.3
129.4
162.7
196.1
94.5
101.1
117.5
149.9
156.9
185.0
79.4
92.9
113.6
132.4
150.0
156.9
175.7
78.5
86.7
102.9
118.4
68.2
83.4
98.7
112.5
61.0
71.0
81.1
91.4
101.5
111.6
121.0
25
Standard Pipe Sizes
NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS
NOMINAL
PIPE SIZE
in
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
in
mm
Schedule 5
in
mm
Schedule 10
Schedule 40
Schedule 80
Schedule 160
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
in
mm
1/8
0.405
10.29
0.049
1.24
0.068
1.73
0.095
2.41
1/4
0.540
13.72
0.065
1.65
0.088
2.24
0.119
3.02
3/8
0.675
17.14
0.065
1.65
0.091
2.31
0.126
3.20
1/2
0.840
21.34
0.065
1.65
0.083
2.11
0.109
2.77
0.147
3.73
0.187
4.75
3/4
1.050
26.67
0.065
1.65
0.083
2.11
0.113
2.87
0.154
3.91
0.218
5.54
1
1.315
33.40
0.065
1.65
0.109
2.77
0.133
3.38
0.179
4.55
0.250
6.35
1 ¹₄
1.660
42.16
0.065
1.65
0.109
2.77
0.140
3.56
0.191
4.85
0.250
6.35
1 ¹₂
1.900
48.26
0.065
1.65
0.109
2.77
0.145
3.68
0.200
5.08
0.281
7.14
2
2.375
60.32
0.065
1.65
0.109
2.77
0.154
3.91
0.218
5.54
0.343
8.71
2 ¹₂
2.875
73.02
0.083
2.11
0.120
3.05
0.203
5.16
0.276
7.01
0.375
9.52
0.438
11.10
0.531
13.50
3
3.500
88.90
0.083
2.11
0.120
3.05
0.216
5.49
0.300
7.62
3 ¹₂
4.000
101.60
0.083
2.11
0.120
3.05
0.226
5.74
0.318
8.08
4
4.500
114.30
0.083
2.11
0.120
3.05
0.237
6.02
0.337
8.56
5
5.563
141.30
0.109
2.77
0.134
3.40
0.258
6.55
0.375
9.52
0.625
15.90
6
6.625
168.30
0.109
2.77
0.134
3.40
0.280
7.11
0.0432 11.00
0.718
18.20
0.906
23.00
8
8.625
219.10
0.109
2.77
0.148
3.76
0.322
8.18
0.500
12.70
10
10.750
273.00
0.134
3.40
0.165
4.19
0.365
9.27
0.593
15.10
12
12.750
323.80
0.165
4.19
0.180
4.57
0.406
10.30
0.687
17.40
Service Pressure
The ASTM tubing specifications do not include
any recommended service pressure or any elevated temperature pressure requirements. However,
throughout the tubing and pipe industry, Barlow’s
Formula is commonly used to estimate the theoretical internal bursting and working pressures of
tubing.
Using this formula, reasonable estimated burst
pressures can be calculated. Yield pressures can
be estimated as well by substituting “Y” (yield
strength of material, psi) for “S” in the formula.
A reasonable working pressure is derived by
dividing the estimated burst pressure by 4,
yielding a 4 to 1 safety factor margin.
Simply stated, Barlow’s Formula is:
P = 2 St / D
Where:
P = Burst Pressure, psi
S = Tensile strength of material, psi
t = Wall thickness, inches
D = Outside diameter, inches
26
INCONEL®
INCOLOY®
MONEL®
NIMONIC®
NILO®
27