DEVELOPMENT A PORTABLE DIRECT
BOROHYDRIDE FUEL CELL-NIMH BATTERY
HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
Dr. A. Elif SANLI
Dr. Göksel GÜNLÜ
Dr. Aylin AYTAÇ
Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering
OUTLINES
What is The Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell
(DBFC)
Why the hybrid system powered with fuel
cells are important
A Portable Direct borohydride fuel cell
hybridized with NiMH battery actively
History of the Economic Growth
19th century: Coal-steam engine trains promoted
20th century: Petrolum-ınternal combustion engine automobiles promoted
Environmental
Problems
•Green house effect
•Pollutant emissions
• Consumption of fuel reserves
21th century: Rapid development
New Material Technology (NANO)
New Energy Technology (Hydrogen-Fuel Cells)
Biotechnology (GENETIC)
Information Technology (INTERNET)
Investment in
TRANSPORTATION
infrastures will lead to
Vehicle technology
will be strongly
effected by
technological
development
in the future
the economical
development
FOR TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION:
TRANSPORTATION
LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRİES:
transport investment, manufacturing
development
UNDER DEVELOPED COUNTRİES:
Globalization and transport flows case
DEVELOPED COUNTRİES:
Teleworking, network accesibility, bus
transit use, Intelligent transport system
(ITS), Transport investment
FC–battery powered hybrid system
Three alternative powertrain technologies considered
for mobile application:
BEVs:
improved power output,
High weigh, low energy density
FCVs
Zero-emission, high efficiency,
produce electricity continuously,
Limited power density, high cost
FCBEVs
These problems would be overcome
by hybridization
Mass and cost advantage of ‘Fuel cell
powered hybrid electrical vehicles’
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSITION PROCESS IS NEEDED
1st phase: transition of energy structure: from fosil energy to
hydrogen
2nd phase: transition of powertrain system:
from ICE to FC-powered powertrains
3rd phase: transition of the infrastructures
LIQUID
FUELS
ENHANCED
WITH
HYDROGEN
FC-POWERED
POWERTRAINS
NEW
ENERGY
VEHICLES
In the Future
i n t e r n a t i o n a l journal o f hydrogen energy 3 6 ( 2 0 1 1 ) 2 5 - 4 3
Thermodinamic Features of
the direct liquid fuel cells
From: U.B. Demirci / Journal of Power Sources 169 (2007) 239–246
BORON RESERVES IN THE WORLD
AS A NOVEL TYPE :
Direct borohydride/peroxide fuel cells
NaBH4: A Metal Hydrid – H2 storage
BH4- + 2 H2O →
BO2- + 4 H2
Protid (H-) carrier
FUEL : Basic NaBH4 solution
Total cell reactions
The reaction mechanisms of NaBH4
Performance of DBPFC
1. NaBH4/ H2O2 fuel
cell
2. H2/H2O2 fuel cell
3. Alkaline fuel cell
4. H2/O2 fuel cell
PERFORMANCE OF DBFC:
1. Anode catalyst
1. Temperature:
2. H2O2 Concentration
Luo N., Miley G.H, Burton R, Huang X;
J. Power Sources 173 (2007) 77-85
J. Power Sources 185 (2008) 356-362.
A Fuel Cell Powered Hybrid Electrical powertrain
LFC hybrid systems and their
controls are different from PEMFCs.
System integration issues must be considered
BOP control (Balance of plant; essentially new topic);
# Liquid pump control; maintain the target fuel flow rate.
# The fuel concentration is the key to maximizing stack
performance.
# Temperature control plays an important roles in production of
hydrogen and water vapor.
A schematic illustration of typical PEMFC system
BOP SYSTEM FOR LIQUID FUEL CELL
Younhyun Kim, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35 (2010) 5621-5637
OUR OBJECTIVES ARE DEVELOPMENT OF
DEVELOPMENT OF A DBPFC-BATTERY HYBRID SYSTEM
A POWER MANAGMENT UNIT (PMU)
IN THIS SYSTEM;
BATTERY
used as primary power sources
Discharged at a constant load
FUEL CELL
charged the battery
Supplied the power to the load
DC/DC BOOST CONVERTER
Provided a steady-state current
Recharged the battery
OUR OBJECTIVES ARE
O.1
DEVELOPMENT OF DBPFC-BATTERY
HYBRID SYSTEM
O.2.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER
MANAGMENT UNIT (PMU)
UNITS USED IN OUR HYBRID SYSTEM
U.1.
BATTERY
used as primary power sources
Discharged at a constant load
U.2
FUEL CELL
charged the battery
Supplied the power to the load
Supplied the power to the load
Recharged the battery
U.3
DC/DC BOOST
CONVERTER
TOPOLOGY OF THE HYBRID SYSTEM
During the charge and discharge
Changes of the
battery SOC
Changes of the
battery voltage
Changes of the
DBPFC voltage
TOTAL POWER GENERATED BY DBPFC, THE BATTERY PACK AND THE LOAD vs TIME
Consequently;
The efficiency of NaBH4 with the H2O2 concentration of below
35% was achived
An efficiency of 35% at the temperature 25 0C
an efficiency of 40% at the temperature of 60 0C above.
It has been verified;
* The direct borohydride fuel cell systems could be efficient
power sources for a longer use of the batteries.
It can be highlighted;
* This study may be essential in the development of electric cars,
as it would enable them to be driven at distances up to 450 km
without the need for a recharge.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR INTEREST