Indian Fuel Cell Activity
DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative Scoping Workshop
Sep.15-17, 2010, Chennai , India
Organized by
Centre for Fuel Cell technology, ARCI
Background
Major Concerns in the Energy Sector in India
For India’s continued growth we need among other things
- Provision of reliable distributed power (particularly for remote locations,
agricultural sector and urban areas )
- Energy for Transport
- Energy security and air pollution
• Growing gap between demand and supply of commercial energy:
electricity, oil and gas.
• Increased oil imports
• Indian Government is committed to renewable energy technologies including
hydrogen and fuel cells
• Several research institutions, educational institutions & industries are
involved in implementing various projects on hydrogen energy technologies
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K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Major Hydrogen and Fuel cell activities in India
MNRE to establish the National Centre for Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell
1990’s
UoR
TU
IIT-D,TERI
IIP,NPL,ACME,
BPCL, IOCL
CSMCRI
BHU
IIT-K
Tata/Plugpower
CGCRI, Arora Matthey
IIT--Kr, BESUS, CMERI,
IIT-G
AIIST
TU,assam
IMMT
NMRL,
IIT-B,NCL,PU,
BARC,
RIL,
Digitronics,
Bloom Energy
IISc
NAL , ISAC,
REVA,
IE, Bloom Energy
Daimler,GE
BHEL,
IICT,JNTU, UoH,Andhra Uni. ,
Falcon Ind.,
Assam Carbon
VSSC
C-DAT
TATA,
Sued chemie
Present
Very few industries
•Traders not included
3
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
IIT-M, CECRI, SSF, MCRC
NCCR,, IGCAR, CFCT , Anna
Uni,SU, Alagappa Univ., KPas, Alacrity,HEB,TVS, AL,
M&M, Sai energy, Ingsman ,
Nissan Renault,
Sep.15-17, 2010
AU
Anna University
BESUS
Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shipur
BHU
Banares Hindu University
IISc
Indian Institute of Science
IIT-D
Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
IIT-G
Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati
IIT-K
Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur
IIT-Kr
Indian Institute of Technology-Karagpur
IIT-M
Indian Institute of Technology-Madras
JNTU
Jawaharlal Nehru Technology University
PU
Pune University
SU
Satyabhama University
TU
Thaper University
TU-Assam
Tezpur University , Assam
UoH
University of Hyderabad
UoR
Univeristy of Rajasthan
AISST
Advanced Institute of sceinec, Assam
BARC
Bhabha Atomic research Centre
C-DAC
Centre for advanced computing
CECRI
Central Electrochemical Research Institute
CFCT-ARCI
Center fro fuel Cell Technology, ARCI
CGCGRI
Central Glas and Ceramic Research Institute
CMERI
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
CSMCRI
Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute
IGCAR
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Reaserach
ISAC
Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO
Indian Space Research Organisation
NCL
National Chemical laboratory
NPL
National Physical Laboratory
TERI
The Energy Research Institute
VSSC
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
6
AL
Ashok Leylands
ACME
ACME Power
BPCL
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
HEB
IOCL
M&M
RIL
High Energy Batteries
Indian Oil Corporation
Mahindra and Mahindra
Reliance Industries
TVS
TVS Motors
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
R&D support for Hydrogen Technology Research from Indian Government Agencies
 UGC
 AICTE
 MHRD
 DNES – MNES – MNRE – NHEB
 DST- SERC ( academic research ), TIFAC, IRHPA
 CSIR – Net work programs , NMITLI (from 2001)
 Strategic sectors - Internal programs
The 11th Five plan of various
organisations have included
Hydrogen research
as one of the priority areas.
 BRNS ( DAE)
 RESPOND ( ISRO)
DRDO
Venture funds (!!) – PACER
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K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
India initiatives in Hydrogen Energy
National Hydrogen Energy Board (NHEB )
National Hydrogen Energy Road Map (NHERM)
– 2003
- 2006
The NHERM has identified research, development and demonstration efforts to be undertaken in the country
for bridging the technological gaps in different areas of hydrogen energy, including its production, storage,
transportation and delivery, applications, safety, codes and standards and capacity building for the period up to
2020.
Keeping in view the present status of development of hydrogen energy,
the NHERM has recommended two major initiatives for promoting the use of
hydrogen as a fuel for
Green Transportation (Green Initiative for Future Transportation-GIFT)
and
Green Power Generation (Green Initiative for Power Generation-GIP)
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K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
India initiatives in Hydrogen Energy
By 2020
One Million Hydrogen Fueled Vehicles
(mostly two and three wheelers)
and
1,000 MW aggregate hydrogen based power generation capacity
Projected Investment requirement : Rs.25,000 crores for creating the required hydrogen
supply infrastructure
R,D&D investment : Rs.1,000 crores .
The Road Map is a public-private partnership driven process.
9
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Publications - Indian Scenario*
Number of fuel-cell papers from different countries,
1983– 2007 [data from Web of Science 1983–2007].
10
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Source:A historiographic analysis of fuel-cell research in Asia – China racing
ahead-S Arunachalam and B. Viswanathan,CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 95, NO. 1,
36-49, 10 JULY 2008
Sep.15-17, 2010
10
Indian Scenario
Knowledge dissemination ,Training
 Academic Institutions – Course work , Student Projects, Workshop &
Conferences
 Research organizations – Student projects , Ph.D programs
 SAEST – Intl. Conference on Electrochemical Power Systems – every 2 yrs
- National meetings
 Other meetings/conferences ( e.g., Green Power , Fucetech2009, WHTC 2009,
Renewable energy conferences )
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K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Fuel cells
Alkaline Fuel cells
Organizations
CECRI $
IIT-D, IIT-M
BHEL, Birla, Bajaj
Nature of work
Early 80’s
Basic Science
????
$The
first Indian paper in this field came from CECRI [R. Pattabhiraman, V. K.
Venkatesan and H. V. K. Udupa, 1981]
12
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – PEMFC and DMFC
Organizations
13
Nature of work
IIT-M, NCCR, IIT-B, IIT-G, IIT-K, IIT-Kr ,IISc,
BESUS,CECRI, NCL, NPL, Anna University,
UoH, and many other univs.
• Basic Science ,
• Catalysts, Membrane
• Modeling
SSF, BHEL , CECRI, CFCT- ARCI,
ISRO Labs & Def. labs, HEB
• Stack and System,
• Application demonstration
ACME ( AFC & PEMFC) , Tatas, Birla , Bajaj ,
M&M ,TVS, REVA, BPCL, IOCL, NTPC ,
NMRL, IITs
• System integration using bought
out stacks for demonstration
• Application Simulation studies
ARCI, NCL,NPL, Arora Matthey
• Materials ( large scale )
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – PEMFC and DMFC
Materials
Organizations
Nature of work
Catalyst
IITM,
NCCR
IITD,
CFCT-ARCI
NCL
BESUS
•Shape dependent electro catalyst
•High aspect ratio nano scale multifunctional
materials
•Development of non-noble metal catalyst for
ORR( Ru, Pd)
• Metal carbides
• Au–MnO2/MWNT and Au–ZnO/MWNT
•Cu- Ni-Alloy catalyst, Conducting polymer
containing catalyst
Catalyst
support
IIT-M ,
CFCT-ARCI
NCL
Modified CNT
Metal carbides
Ti mesh substrate
• Nitrogen doped graphene and hybrid carbon
nanostructures
• Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon
nanocoils
• Multi Walled Carbon Nano tubular Coils
BipolarK S Dhathathreyan
CFCT-ARCI,
NPL, Fuel
NCL,Cells
SSFInitiative Resin impregnated, exfoliated graphite, Metal,
, DST-EPSRC
Sep.15-17, 2010
14plates Scoping Workshop, Chennai
resin bonded
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – PEMFC and DMFC
Materials
Membrane
Organizations
CECRI,
NCL ,
UoH,
AU
CFCT-ARCI,
NMRL ,
CSMCRI
CIPET
Nature of work
High temp. Polymers - PBI, SPEEK
Domain Size Manipulation by Sulfonic Acid-Func. MWCNTs
Functionalized CNT based Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Phosphonated Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Polybenzimidazole
Composites
Organic–inorganic composite membranes ( Nafion with silica, MZP and
MTP.
Membrane with interpenetrating networks between poly (vinyl alcohol)
(PVA) and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA).
Composite membranes with mordenite (MOR) incorporated in PVA– PSSA
blend tailored with varying degree of sulfonation
Stabilized forms of phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid and
silicotungstic acid incorporated into PVA crosslinked with sulfosuccinic
acid , chitosan (CS)-hydroxy ethyl cellulose to form novel mixed-matrix
membranes and variants
Novel mixed-matrix membranes sodium alginate (NaAlg) with PVA and
certain heteropolyacids (HPAs), such as PMoA, PWA and SWA.
Minimally hydrated polymers, replace water with ‘proton mobility
15
facilitator’
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel
Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Demonstration – PEMFC and DMFC
BHEL - 3 kW PEMFC
Source : MNRE website
SSF- UPS
Source : MNRE website
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K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Fuel cells – Demonstration of PEM Fuel Cell Stacks
by Team CSIR
17
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Fuel cell program at Centre for Fuel Cell Technology, ARCI
Fuel cell – a device which converts the chemical energy of fuel like hydrogen to electricity directly without the
Carnot limitation at higher efficiency
Development of liquid cooled
PEM fuel cell stacks of
capacity from 100 watts to 10
kW .
600
PEMFC Technology
Development
Mini fuel cells 1-3
watts capacity
No of cells
H2 → 2H+ + 2e1/2O2 + 2H++2e- → H2O
CD (mA/sq cm)
Voltage(mV)
35
No of cells
30
500
400
300
25
CD and voltage
40
PEM Fuel Cell Products
•
Large stationary power plants
•
Small power generators
•
Stacks for telecom backup
•
Stacks for transportation systems:
•
Car, three wheeler
200
20
2003.5
2004.0
2004.5
2005.0
2005.5
2006.0
100
2006.5
Year
3.0 kW prototype
Components development
Grid Independent Power systems
Stack Development
Hydrogen sensor
System Development
Cost Reduction
ARCI Fuel Cells – Processes /Products available
for commercial exploitation
 Know how for GDL, Electrodes and MEAs
 Know how for Bipolar plates
 Know how for Fuel cell stacks from 100 watts to 10 kW
 Know how Fuel cell systems from 1000 watts to 5000 watts
with inverter, controller, air blower
 Our OEMS can supply the following :

Bipolar plates

Controllers , Inverters and Converters
GIPS-1000
2004/05
GIPS-2000
2005/06
GIPS-3000
2007/8
GIPS-5000
2008/09
Fuel cell( battery) powered Automobiles
Stack weight
Reduced by
50%
Improved
controller,
600 kms
With 1st generation stack
1800 kms
With 2nd generation stack
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
Organizations
Nature of work
BHEL, NMRL, HEB
Stack and System dev.
Products developed at NMRL, a DRDO Lab
NMRL’sstable700-1000 watt
PAFC based UPS / generator
with built in compact
methanol reformer
19
DRDO –REVA fuel cell vehicle
8 KW Phosphoric Acid
Fuel Cell (PAFC) based
power pack
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
SHy-Power generator car
10kW fuel cell based
mobile generator car
Trolley mounted version of Shy
Power generator
Capacity 10kw continuous
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Organizations
CGCRI, CECRI , BARC, NAL, IMMT, IGCAR,
Nature of work
Materials development
BHEL, IIT-M, IIT-B ,IIT-D ARCI
CECRI, Thaper, IMMT, IISc, IIT-M, IIT-D, NIT-R
Basic Science
CGCRI,
NAL , BARC,
Stack ,
System (?) and integration
TATA, RIL, BHEL , ARCI ( ??) , VIT (?)
> Planar
> Tubular
> Other configuration s
**India operation of foreign companies not included
20
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
* This is not an exhaustive list
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Organizations
CGCRI
( Planar), Anode
supported
Nature of work
•Electrode materials
•Glass-based Sealants
•Metallic Stack
Components (Crofer
22APU)
• Single cells, Scale-up to
stack
At 800oC and 0.7 V, current density in the range 1.5 – 2.0 A/cm2 is
achieved
Cathode ~50 µm
Anode
1500 µm
Electrolyte ~15
µm
10 cm x 10 cm
Single Cells
10-cell Stack
CECRI
Intermediate temp.
21
Cathode materials
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Demonstration
19 selected perovskite type oxide
compositions in the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3
-La0.8Sr0.2CoO3- La0.8Sr0.2FeO3
Sep.15-17, 2010
system.
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Organizations
BARC
Obj: Technology
Nature of work
•Materials
•Stack
development and
demonstration of SOFC
tubular cell module
for 1kW and 5kW
•Different processes for materials synthesis
•Dense and impervious coating of YSZ
electrolyte on LSM tube
•Tube Cell integration works are being
carried out in 200 mm long tubes
NAL – Tubular
IMMT
Anode supported SOFC
by Electrophoretic
deposition (EPD)
Thaper
Sealants
22
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
EVD Setup for YSZ
electrolyte film coating
LSM cathode tubes
developed in BARC
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Other Fuel Cells
Type of Fuel
cell
MCFC
MbFC $
DBFC,DAFC
etc.,
Organizations
CECRI , TERI
NTPC
Nature of work
Materials ( Discont.?)
(?)
IIT-Kar, Satyabama univ. Basic Science
and many other Univ. &
colleges,
IIT-D, IIT-G, IIT-K,IIT-B,
Basic Science
IIT-M, IISc, CECRI and
many other Univ. &
colleges,
$
Girijesh Govil (TIFR) was the next to write a paper in this field. He wrote two papers on biochemical fuel cells, one in 1982 (Journal of the Indian Chemical
Society) and the other in 1983 (International Journal of Quantum Chemistry).
**India operation of foreign companies not included
23
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
* This is not an exhaustive list
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Generation
Method
Electrolytic water splitting**
Reformation ***
Bio hydrogen
Organizations
Nature of work
BARC, CECRI ( Alkaline) in 90’s
Stack and system
SSF,CECRI , IIT-D( PEM)
Stack and system
Academic institutions
??????
NCL, IICT, Sued Chemie , Filtra, ACME
, Defence lab.
Catalyst ,System
MCRC
Large scale fermentation
Many colleges and Univ.,
Basic Science , lab scale
Many universities/colleges,
Basic Science , lab scale
ARCI , Many labs.
Materials development
Photo electrochemical
demonstrations
demonstrations
Thermal water splitting
BARC
Chemical hydride splitting
ARCI , ACME, NMRL
Lab scale
Recycling ????
Other Methods
TERI, Some colleges
Gasifier route ???
Strategic sectors
????
24
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
MCRC, Source ; MNRE website
IIT-D
CECRI , Source ; MNRE website
SSF , Source ; MNRE website
Source ; MNRE website
25
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Generation
26
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Generation
27
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Generation
High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE)

The High Temperature Steam Electrolyser forms an
integral part of the Nuclear Hydrogen Scheme with a
Compact High Temperature Reactor (CHTR) to supply
high grade heat at 1000 C.

1 Nm3/hr of H2 HT Steam electrolyser of Tubular cell
design is under de4velopment for hydrogen production
technology demonstration.

HTSE cell components are similar to tubular SOFC cells
with LSM oxygen anode & NI-YSZ hydrogen cathode
and thin YSZ electrolyte for hydrogen production.

The 5 kW SOFC system being developed in BARC will
facilitate steam electrolyser design and construction.
EVD Setup for YSZ electrolyte film coating
28
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
1
Sep.15-17,
2010
LSM cathode
tubes
developed in BARC
Electrical characterization facility for SOFC
Scoping
Workshop,
Chennai
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Generation – Reformer Catalysts – NCL
 Novel supports and co-precipitation techniques developed to yield good SR
catalysts containing nano-particles of NiO.
 Common catalyst for SR of EtOH, LPG, CH4 and MeOH. 100% conversions are
achieved at reasonable temperatures. These catalysts have capability to handle
high space velocities.
 Presence of olefins do not affect the performance. Variations in LPG composition
has no bearing on the performance.
 NCL’s SR catalysts show sulfur tolerance to some extent. As a result,
desulfurisation of the feed is not a must during the steam reforming of agroethanol.
 NCL’s PROX catalyst works in the temperature window of 135-150 oC and at O2/CO
= 1. These less severe conditions help in saving of valuable H2.
 Scale up and evaluation of these catalysts at Kg level has been successfully
completed. A Fuel processor using complete train of these catalysts is
operational at NCL
Source : Dr C V V Sathayanarayana National Seminar on “Creating
Infrastructure for Adoption of Fuel cell Technology”, NTPC, Noida
29
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Storage*
Organizations
Nature of work
BHU
Materials, system , demo programs
( 2,3,4 wheelers) , Basic studies
CECRI
Materials, Battery
IIT-M , NCCR, IIT-G
Materials, Lab demo., Modeling , Other
applications
IIT-B
Materials, Modeling
ARCI, BARC, IIT-Kharagpur, NEERI,
Materials
NIT-Durgapur , Rajasthan Univ,
JNCSR,RRCAT
Basic Science
CFCT-ARCI, SSF
Fuel cell application –System integration
Kinetic , Bajaj , Birla
Applications ??
* This is not an exhaustive list
> MNRE has sponsored a Mission mode program on Hydrogen Storage last year
30
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Liquid Hydrogen not considered
High pressure gas storage –issues
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario
Technology Status – Hydrogen Storage
BHU
Source : MNRE website
IIT-M
31
•Hydrogen storage properties of Zr & Mm based alloys
•Hydrogen storage properties of Mg based composite materials
•Design & Development of hydrogen storage device
•Development of alloy hydride catalyst
•Kinetics, thermodynamics of hydrogen in alloy hydrides
• Alloys for Ni-MH battery applications, sensor applications
• Hydrogen storage properties of Pd decorated nitrogen doped graphite
nanoplatelets
• Hydrogen storage in Carbon materials
•MH in air conditioning , refrigeration , Heat pumps , Modeling
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel Cells Initiative
Scoping Workshop, Chennai
Sep.15-17, 2010
Indian Scenario - Indian Industries pathway
= Indian Oil Corporation Limited ( IOCL) with the support of Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) has set up the first Hydrogen Dispensing Station at a petrol
pump in New Delhi in 2009. -The station dispenses neat hydrogen and H-CNG blends
as fuel for automotive vehicles.
= Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) is planning to generate up to 1,000 MW of
power through fuel cell technology over the next three to five years, and is in talks with
Japan’s Nippon Oil Corporation for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) technology. BPCL
has not divulged the investment details, but a Delhi-based analyst said it could range
between Rs 4,000 crore and Rs 8,000 crore for a 500-1,000 MW capacity. - Business
Standard, July, 14,2010
= ACME Telepower Group has tied up with Canada based M/s Ballard Power systems
and M/S Idatech for Fuel cell installation in telecom sector
= Tata teleservices has tied up with US based M/S Plugpower for a fuel cell back-up
power supply for a rural base station in Bijnour, Uttar Pradesh. The other partner is
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL).
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel cells Initiative
Scoping work shop , Chennai , India
Sep.15-17,2010
Indian Scenario - Indian Industries pathway
Tata Motors has now developed a range of
hydrogen fuel cell-powered buses and light
trucks. The fuel cell-powered commercial
vehicles, developed at Tata Motors’ European
Technical Centre, are undergoing trial run.
TATA and ISRO are partnering a fuel cell
bus demonstration program in India using
Ballard Fuel cell stacks.
REVA electric Car company has demonstrated
fuel cell powered passenger car using Ballard
stacks.
• Mahindra and Mahindra is working with ARCI to
develop Fuel cell powered 3 wheelers.
Reliance Industries has initiated some work in fuel cell development and is in
negotiations with many foreign suppliers. They are looking to develop large
stationary fuel cells running on natural gas for their large portfolio of property,
including shopping malls, luxury hotels and private hospitals.
K S Dhathathreyan , DST-EPSRC Fuel cells Initiative
Scoping work shop , Chennai , India
Sep.15-17,2010
Indian Scenario
The majority of organizations in India involved with fuel cells in
India are R&D orientated with major thrust in materials research
with a smaller number involved with manufacture and
distribution.
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Key Challenges – Indian perspective
Thank you
What needs to be done?
 Besides materials development , process scale –up , Manufacturing
R&D for repeat components fabrication
 More impetus to hydrogen generation technologies
 Standard protocols for testing and reporting with duration of tests
 Field trials at user site
 Increase industry participation
 Increase public awareness