Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain.
Main achievements and trends
Antonio G. García-Conde
Vice-President of the Spanish Hydrogen Association
Director of Aerodynamics and Propulsion Department
February 1st , 2012, Grand Hyatt Fukuoka - Japan
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
CONTENT
‰ The Spanish energy framework.
‰ Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell projects in Spain:
9
9
9
9
9
Renewable hydrogen projects
Hydrogen refueling stations
Coal and Biomass to Hydrogen
Participation in European projects
Electrical propulsion: 3 particular examples
‰ Spanish H2 and FC networking activities at
national and international level.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
The Spanish energy
framework
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
SPANISH’S ENERGY FRAMEWORK
‰ Consumption structure
dominated by petroleum
products
‰ High degree of energy
dependence: 80%
‰ Low level of self-supply
‰ High CO2 emission levels
EU Frame, 20-20-20 objectives:
‰ 20% reduction in GHG emissions
below 1990 level,
‰ 20% renewable energies share in
the EU energy consumption and
‰ 20% reduction in primary energy
use by improving energy efficiency
by 2020
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
SPANISH’S ENERGY FRAMEWORK
National policies developed to reach the
‘20-20-20’ EC objectives:
¾ Renewable Energy Plan (PER) for
2005-2010
¾ Energy Savings and Efficiency
Activation Plan for 2008-2011
¾ National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
2011-2020
¾ National Action Plan for Renewable Energy
(PANER) 2010-2020
¾ National Strategy for Electric Vehicle
( 250.000 units by 2014 )
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain:
Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
SPANISH’S ENERGY FRAMEWORK
¾ The need for an energy dependence reduction
¾ The growing social commitment towards the
environment
¾ The European Union Energy Policies:
& REs 20% of final energy consumption in 2020
… have promoted considerably REs penetration in Spain
over the last 10 years,
electricity generation from
REs has risen over 40%
32.6% of the Spain’s gross
electricity production in year 2010
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain:
Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
SPANISH’S ENERGY PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN
Year 2010
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
300.241 GWh *
PRIMARY ENERGY
+1,1%
RENEWABLE
11,2 %
H. PUMPING
RENEWABLE
+1,3%
FINAL ENERGY
+2,3%
1,0 %
5,4 %
32,2 %
21.410 ktep
NUCLEAR
NATURAL GAS
21,4 %
ELECTRICITY
16,6 %
NATURAL GAS
48,5 %
OIL
PRODUCTS
12,1 %
NUCLEAR
23,4 %
RENEWABLE
20,6 %
37,2%
Energy
uses
NATURAL GAS
32,0 %
OIL
5,5 %
COAL
8,5 %
93.421 ktep
49.018 ktep
OIL
47,0 %
62,2%
82.109ktep
COAL
6,2 %
0,6%
REFINING
+
DIRECT USES
Energy transformation, transport
and distribution
72.011ktep
1,7 %
Non-energy
uses
6,5 %
6.416 ktep
* Gross Production
Losses and selfconsumption
0,4 %
COAL
NATURAL GAS
OIL
PRODUCTS
13,5%
RE
share in
final
energy
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain:
Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
SPANISH’S ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION BREAKDOWN
Year 2010
Renewable
32.6 %
Biomasss, biogas,
USW and others
1.6 %
Solar
2.3 %
Wind
14.6 %
Biomasss, biogas,
USW(renew.) and others
4.4 %
Solar Thermoelectric
0.7 %
Nuclear
20.6 %
Solar Photovoltaic
6.5 %
Hydro
14.1 %
Wind
45.0 %
Coal
8.5 %
Oil Products
4.1 %
Pumping
1.0 %
Cogeneration
Natural gas
9.9 %
Cogeneration
Oil Products
1.2 %
Natural Gas
22.2 %
Hydroelectric
43.5 %
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Spanish Energy Framework
HYDROGEN IN THE SPANISH’S ENERGY FRAMEWORK
9 REs are steadily growing in Spain as sustainable
policies to reach the EU 20-20-20 targets are being
implemented by Member States
9 EU-27: installed capacity for electricity generation
from renewable grew 54% in the decade to 2007,
26% accounted by Spain
¾ Good basis for the introduction of H2 in Spain,
especially, but not only, for energy storage.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
projects in Spain
9 Renewable Hydrogen Projects
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Renewable H2 projects: “SOTAVENTO”
Wind electricity optimization
9
9
9
9
60 Nm3 Hydrogenics Alkaline Electrolyser
55 kW generator
H2 Storage: 50 liters bottles at 200 bar.
Location: La Coruña
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Renewable H2 projects: “SolTer-H”
Solar high T thermo-chemical cycles
Seville
9
9
9
SOLUCAR “PS 10” - Seville.
5 kW prototype for H2 generation
Location: Seville
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
projects in Spain:
9 Renewable Hydrogen Projects +
9 Hydrogen Refueling Stations
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Renewable H2 projects + H2 Refueling Station: “Hercules”
9 Solar energy into H2 for
vehicles refuelling
9 Inaugurated June 16th, 2010
9 Location: Seville
Seville
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Renewable H2 projects + H2 Refueling Station: “ITHER”
Wind+PV to H2 Refuelling Station
9
9
9
9
60 + 40 kW Photovoltaic
635 kW Wind generators
Inaugurated in 2009
Location: Huesca
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 Refueling Stations: “EXPO Zaragoza 2008”
Zaragoza – Huesca
1st Spanish H2 Highway
1st H2 Highway
~ 75 km
Dispenser Unit (200 – 350 bar )
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 Refueling Stations: “HYCHAIN”
H2 refueling Station (Type M1-200):
9 Full refueling in less than 6 min
9 300 bar intermediate buffer.
9 H2 source: H2 cylinder bundles
200 bar (75 kg H2)
9 H2 booster.
9 Location: Soria
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 Refueling Stations: “Don Quyxote”
‰ Private project
‰ Operating since 2008: a H2 home
with a small car, a scooter and a
small hydrogen station
‰ Location: Albacete
Albacete
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 Refueling Stations: “Spanish H2 Highway”
Soria – Zaragoza - Huesca
~ 230 km
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
projects in Spain
9 Coal and Biomass to Hydrogen
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 from Coal and Biomass gasification: “Elcogas”
Puertollano
‰ Pilot plant for CCS and co-production of H2
‰ Production capacity: 2 tons H2/day by
extracting a 2% of syngas
‰ Location: Puertollano
www.elcogas.es
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
projects in Spain
9 Participation in European Projects
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Participation in European projects (FCH JU): “SHEL”
SHEL : Sustainable Hydrogen Evaluation in Logistics
9 Demonstration of the market readiness of Fuel Cell Hydrogen
powered (FCH) materials handling vehicles, hydrogen refuelling
infrastructure and end user acceptance.
9 Acceleration of early market take-up of Fuel Cell Hydrogen Fork
Lift Trucks (FCH FLTs) in Europe.
9 The project will demonstrate
ƒ 10 units of 1.5-2.5 ton FCH FLTs
ƒ Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure
across 3 sites in Europe:
UK, Spain and Turkey
9 Spanish coordinator: CIDETEC
Early Markets
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Participation in European projects (FCH JU): “ADEL”
ADEL: ADvanced ELectrolyser for H2 Production with REs
9 Development of a new steam electrolyser concept named
Intermediate Temperature Steam Electrolysis (ITSE)
9 Optimization of the electrolyser lifetime by decreasing its operating
temperature
9 Spanish participation:
ƒ Hynergreen
ƒ Empresarios Agrupados
ƒ IMDEA
Advanced Electrolysis
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
Participation in European projects (FCH JU):
“HYDROSOL-3D”:
9 Demonstration of a CO2-free hydrogen production technology using
two-step thermochemical water splitting cycles by concentrated
solar radiation.
9 Activities necessary to set up a 1 MW solar demonstration plant.
9 Spanish participation: CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar Almeria
PSA, Almeria, Spain
Solar Thermochemical
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Main Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
projects in Spain
9 Electrical propulsion: 3 particular examples
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 and FC for Electrical Propulsion in Railways
“Hydrogen Tramway” project
Propulsion system composition:
9 4 electric engines, 25 kW each
9 2 fuel cells, 12 kW each
9 Battery: 110 kW, 36.67 kWh
9 Capacitors: 75 kW.
9 CGH2 storage: 200-300 bars (roof mounted).
9 Tramway: Weigh: 23 tons
9
Max. Speed: 25 km/h
National Coal Institute
Foundation for Energy and Transport Research and Development
Spanish Narrow Railway Trains
Biogas Fuel Cells
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 and FC for Electrical Propulsion in Marine navigation
“IMOKA 600 ACCIONA”: The sailboat of ACCIONA
participating in the Vendée Globe 2012 boat race.
The classic diesel engine has been replaced by
a PEM fuel cell + a FV system Ö 100% ecological navigation.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Main H2 and FC Projects
H2 and FC for Electrical Propulsion in Aeronautics
“AVIZOR” Project:
9 Unmanned aircraft (UAV) powered by a PEM fuel cell.
9 It has multiple applications in civil and military fields
9 Electrical engine powered by a PEMFC feeded with H2 and O2.
Wingspan
581 cm
Lenght
402 cm
Weight (max.)
300 kg
Power (max.)
(6500 rpm)
37 kw
Payload
40 kg
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Spanish H2 and FC networking
and outreach activities at
national and international level.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Networking and Outreach
May 02: Setting up of the Spanish Hydrogen Association
http://aeh2.org
Jan. 03: Members of the European Hydrogen Association
http://www.h2euro.org
June 05: Members of the Partnership for Advancing the Transition to H2
The international coalition of Hydrogen associations
http://www.hpath.org/
June 05: Setting up of the Spanish Technology Platform of H2 and FC
http://www.ptehpc.org/
mirror activity of the EU TP HFC
which lead to the participation in the industrial
and the research groups of the FCH JU
(Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking)
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain: Networking and Outreach
Since Nov. 95:
International Energy Agency
Hydrogen Implementing Agreement
http://www.ieahia.org
Spain has been involved in the Hydrogen Implementing Agreement of
the International Energy Agency. At present the Task groups with
Spanish participation are:
•
•
•
Task 24: Wind Energy and Hydrogen Integration,
Task 26: Near-Term Market Routes to Hydrogen by Co-Utilization
of Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source with Fossil Fuels
Task 30: Global Hydrogen System Analysis
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Spain. Main achievements and trends
Thank you for your attention
Antonio G. García-Conde
www.aeh2.org
www.inta.es