Good morning!
Electric Power and Energy Systems
(Issues and opportunities)
Peter W. Sauer
ECE Department
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
March 26, 2012
ECEDHA Workshop, Austin, TX
2008 Electrification
Source: Wanda Reder – S&C Electric, Power and Energy Conference Illinois, UIUC, Urbana, IL, Feb 12 -13, 2010
2030 Electrification
Source: Wanda Reder – S&C Electric, Power and Energy Conference Illinois, UIUC, Urbana, IL, Feb 12 -13, 2010
Drivers of activity and change
• Technology drivers:
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Recent blackouts around the world
Grand Challenges: Carbon-free sustainable energy
Computer control, situational awareness, PMUs
Smart grid – demand response – customer participation
• Political drivers:
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Dependence on imported oil
Industry restructuring - competition
Energy reliability
The economic environment around the world
Electric Power and Energy Systems
Today’s issues
• Climate change
• Energy efficiency
• Hybrid electric vehicles (price and sources of oil)
• Renewable energy sources
• Energy storage
• Smart grid, smart buildings, smart homes
• Customer choice and involvement
Electric Power and Energy Systems
Application extremes
• Grid-level
– MWatts
• Industrial
– 100s of KWatts
• Automotive
– KWatts
• Residential
– 100s of Watts
• Handheld
– Watts
• Standalone
– mW
Electric Power and Energy Systems
Application examples
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Bulk power system
Hybrid electric vehicles
(cars, trucks, buses,
trains, airplanes, ships)
Renewable energy
systems (wind, solar)
Smart grids
Electric drives
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Robotics
Energy storage
Microgrids - islands
Smart buildings/homes
Power electronic
converters
Cell phone power
Energy harvesting
Seamless integration of renewables
• Many renewable resources are stochastic
• Integration into the grid is challenging –
limited energy storage possibilities
• Given the wide range of possible
operation, resources can require
100% or more headroom
• General commentary: 10% renewable
content can be integrated with minimal change
• Higher penetration is not so easy
www.nrel.gov
The smart grid
• General concept of extensive intelligence embedded in
the electricity grid.
– Meters that communicate and monitor more than just average
energy use
– Data exchange to and
from the utility.
– Ability to control some
portion of load.
• Methods to adjust and
control capacity.
• Methods to give
choices to the end user.
www.epri.com
The smart grid
Markets
Transmission
Substation
Distribution
Consumer
Information & Communication Enabled Power Infrastructure
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Renewable energy enabler
Customer response facilitator
Reliability improvement
Operation optimization
Maintenance optimizing
Source: Dennis Ray, PSERC, UW Energy Hub Conference
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Electric Power and Energy Systems
Technologies
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Modeling and simulation
(Reliability analysis)
Situational awareness
Operation and control (EMS)
Communications (SCADA)
Signal processing (PMUs)
Design and manufacturing
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Uncertainty
Estimation
Forecasting
Customer choice
Economics
Game theory
Protection
Situational awareness
Critical importance of rapid visualization for situational awareness in
the context of massive data sets.
Technical challenges
More Choice: Less Certainty, Less Time
• More uncertainty:
– Electric Vehicles
– Consumer generation
– Consumer response
– Variable renewables
• Less Time to React:
– Automatic sensing
– Distributed control
– Dynamic compensation
• More Choices:
– Negawatts
– Traditional generators
– Distributed generators
– Imports
– Storage
Emerging areas
• Direct digital control
• Power system dynamics and stability
• Power quality and signal analysis
• “Middleware” migration
• Environmental and policy aspects
• Reliability and risk assessment
• Economic analysis, energy markets
• New concepts for power system protection
Source: Professional Resources to Implement the “Smart Grid”
Gerald T. Heydt and others
2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting
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Opportunities and challenges
• Access to and control of information
• Decentralized vs. centralized control
• Interoperability standards - cybersecurity
• Communication adequacy and reliability
• Investment cost and risk
• Workforce and expertise preparedness
• Grid stability with distributed and dynamic sources
• Protection and operating with two-way power flow
Electric Power and Energy Systems
Collaboration
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Government (NSF, DOE (incl labs), DHS, DOD)
Industry (Utilities, consultants, manufacturers)
Other universities (regional value)
Other departments (CS, Mech, Civil, Materials, etc.)
Other areas in ECE (EM, Solid State, Computers,
Circuits, Signal Processing, Control,Communications)
Three activities at the core
Education
Research
Service
Resources
• IEEE elearning
– http://www.ieee.org/education_careers/index.html
• IEEE/PES Power Engineering Education Committee
– http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/ljbohman/peec/peec.htm
• Research capabilities database
– http://pes.mst.edu/
• Leonardo-Energy minute lectures
– http://www.leonardo-energy.org/
• IEEE/PES Plain talk
– http://www.ieee-pes.org/education/programs/plain-talk-courses
CEWD
• http://www.cewd.org/
• Formed in 2006
• Funded by about 80 companies/orgs (fee is based
on number of employees i.e. under 100 is $500,
over 15,000 is $25,000)
• Teaming with secondary, post-secondary
educational institutions
• Getting into Engineering Education issues
• Host webinars, regional meetings, industry surveys
• Universities can become members upon
recommendation by a company member
IEEE/PES Scholarship Plus Initiative
Workforce issues have stimulated an initiative to increase
the supply of young electrical engineers for the electric
power and energy area – industry and academia.
IEEE/PES has received approval from IEEE to seed a
scholarship program to encourage students to study
electric power and energy engineering:
- Up to $7,000 over 3 years
- Students must perform professional experiences
- Funds provided by annual PES surplus and donors
2011-2012 initial trial – 93 scholarships ($2,000 each) to
students at 51 universities in regions 1 – 6.
Coming in January 2013
Power and Energy Magazine special issue on:
Education in Electric Power and Energy Systems
(Will feature several multidisciplinary courses)
Conclusions
• We are at the beginning of revolutionary change in the
electricity grid and opportunities are everywhere.
• It is not just about intelligence, and not just about
convergence of power, communications, and information
technology.
• It is as much about integration of broader resources,
more reliable energy, and better use of scarce inputs.
• Student interest is very high and innovation is emerging
in many areas.
Ten years from now, what will be
our symbol for a bright idea?
www.lightbulbmarket.com